EP3296475B1 - Balcony and method for manufacturing such a balcony - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a balcony for attachment to a building wall with the features of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method for producing such a balcony with the features of claim 8.

A balcony is a platform on a building that is above ground level and protrudes from the building. It is usually surrounded by a parapet or a railing.

The spread of balconies has increased in the recent past. In the 18th and 19th centuries, only a few buildings had balconies. This was due, among other things, to the rapidly developing industry and the resulting odor nuisance. For this reason, buildings were more likely to have balconies in rural areas or urban areas with little industry.

Furthermore, there was often no need for a balcony on the part of the house residents. The workload was very high, so that many house residents had no free time to spend on a balcony. Balconies were therefore mostly people who were not exposed to this high workload. This was only a very small part of the population.

Furthermore, after the destruction of the Second World War, the focus was on accommodating the many apartment seekers at all. A balcony was considered more of a luxury. Therefore, residential buildings were built rather without balconies.

In addition, balconies regularly increase the requirements for the statics of a building, which entails increased effort and additional costs.

• Eine nachträgliche Ausstattung mit einem Balkon bedeutet einen Eingriff in die Statik des bestehenden Gebäudes.
• Ein nachgerüsteter Balkon greift stark in das Erscheinungsbild eines bestehenden Gebäudes ein.
• Insbesondere bei älteren Gebäuden sind gegebenenfalls Denkmalschutzauflagen zu beachten.

The air in urban areas has improved significantly in recent decades. Furthermore, society is exposed to a lower workload on average. Leisure behavior has also changed. All of this has increased the demand for balconies. If balconies are to be retrofitted to an existing building, please note the following, among others:

• Retrofitting with a balcony means an intervention in the statics of the existing building.
• A retrofitted balcony greatly interferes with the appearance of an existing building.
• In the case of older buildings in particular, monument protection requirements must be observed.

In the German utility model DE29920081U1 describes a balcony in which the balcony floor structure is constructed from a plurality of cassette elements extending along a common direction of extension. When viewed in cross-section, each cassette element is shaped perpendicular to the direction of extension in such a way that it has a base that forms part of the underside of the balcony floor and that, starting from the base, at least one coupling leg with a coupling area spaced from the base for connecting adjacent cassette elements and / or for support of a balcony floor covering extends to the balcony floor structure. Each coupling area has a form-fitting section, which extends along the direction of extension and via which adjacent cassette elements are connected to one another in a form-fitting manner.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the form-fitting section of the cassette elements is designed in such a way that the cassette elements must have a high degree of rigidity and resilience to ensure that the statics of the balcony floor structure are sufficiently stable. This requires certain material thicknesses of the cassette elements, which in turn results in a correspondingly high weight. The higher weight is associated with greater effort in transport and assembly.

Furthermore, from the JP 2001 098745A a balcony for attachment to a house wall is known, which has cassette elements. The base of the cassette element forms part of the underside of the balcony floor, at least one coupling leg extending from the base with a coupling region spaced apart from the base. This coupling area of the coupling leg is designed such that adjacent cassette elements are connected to one another and / or form a support for a balcony floor covering. The connection between the two cassette elements is made by a form fit of each of its coupling legs with the associated form fit area on a strut.

In the JP 2001 081951 A Furthermore, cassette elements are described, each of which has a form-fitting section, via which adjacent cassette elements are connected to one another by means of a strut.

There is a need to make the balcony simpler and therefore more cost-effective in terms of its structure.

It is an object of the invention to provide a balcony which, compared to current solutions, is significantly lighter, easier to manufacture and easier to assemble in terms of its weight. This means that, in particular, the balcony assembly can be carried out faster and more efficiently and the overall costs of the balcony can be further reduced.

The object is achieved by a balcony with the features of claim 1 and by a method for producing such a balcony with the features of claim 8.

The cassette elements, the carrier profile or both are made of folded thin sheet. According to the invention, a coupling leg angle A of 60 to 70 degrees is formed in each case between the base and coupling leg of the cassette elements, the form-fitting section of each coupling leg having a first form-fitting section extending parallel to the base of the cassette element and then a second form-fitting section being formed on the first form-fitting section which extends angled or curved away from the first form-fitting section.

A thin sheet consists of a metal or a metal alloy, preferably of galvanized steel. The thickness of the thin sheet is preferably up to 3 millimeters, particularly preferably up to 2.5 millimeters and most preferably 1 to 2 millimeters. Such a thin sheet can be machined well using a forming tool, in particular a folding tool.

By using thin sheet, significantly less material, i.e. metal or metal alloy, is required. This lowers the material costs of the balcony. The cassette elements made of thin sheet are significantly lighter than flat steel with material thicknesses well over 5 mm and the cassette elements made of thin sheet metal by folding are significantly cheaper than extruded aluminum profiles. This makes these cassette elements cheaper and easier to transport and assemble. Regular transport and assembly of the entire balcony can therefore be carried out by a single person without special lifting tools.

In comparison to the welded support profiles made of flat steel with metal thicknesses of more than eight millimeters, which are frequently used at present, the use of thin sheet metal is also very advantageous for forming the support profile. This means that a lifting crane for moving support profiles / support profile frames can usually be dispensed with. This further reduces the effort for transport and assembly and thus the total costs.

A uniform design along the direction of extension of the coupling leg of the cassette element is inevitably achieved if the cassette element is produced by folding a thin metal sheet. Through the manufacturing step of the folding, the direction of extension of the cassette element is inevitably predetermined by the edge of the folding tool.

The term “folding” used in the context of this invention is a bending process known from the forming technology. The term folding is preferably used below.

Bending is a long-known and established forming process, usually for sufficiently thin sheets of metal or metal alloys. This process is easy to control and opens up a wide variety of possible coupling legs. Folding can usually be done at high speed. Depending on the precision of the forming tool, the processing results can be reliably reproduced down to the millimeter range. As a result, this forming technique is very well suited for the efficient production of cassette elements with coupling legs designed in this way.

The aforementioned method enables a wide variety of geometries of the cassette elements. This in turn makes it possible, for example, to prefabricate balcony components in large quantities. This reduces both the production costs and the assembly time for a balcony.

A cassette element formed in one piece preferably extends from two opposing balcony floor supports, which are structurally formed in opposite support profile frame sections, along the direction of extension already mentioned.

The base of a cassette element has a width of preferably 10 to 100 centimeters, particularly preferably 15 to 70 centimeters and most preferably 20 to 30 centimeters, perpendicular to the direction of extension, especially when using thin sheet metal. The wider the base of a cassette element is, the more it tends to bulge. Therefore, the design of the cassette elements is based on the expected own and traffic loads.

Each cassette element has at least one coupling leg. This is preferably arranged in the edge region of the base. However, there can also be a plurality of coupling legs per cassette element, in particular two, which extend along the direction of extension at both edge regions of the base of the cassette element.

Furthermore, a cassette element can have a coupling leg and a further leg which extends away from the base and has no function for coupling adjacent cassette elements. This further leg can be designed as a starting leg or as a closing leg, which extends at a defined angle, for example essentially perpendicularly, or curved with a varying angle from the base of the cassette elements. The further leg forms both a structural reinforcement for supporting the cassette element on the balcony floor support of the carrier profile frame and a lateral limitation of the base in order to give it a tub function for guiding water that reaches the cassette elements from above.

Each coupling leg has a coupling area with a form-fitting section for coupling adjacent cassette elements. Two such adjacent cassette elements are mechanically coupled to one another by means of the interlocking sections of their coupling regions that extend parallel along the direction of extension. The form-fitting sections are designed in such a way that a displacement of adjacent cassette elements transversely to the direction of extension is blocked. In order to prevent a relative displacement of adjacent cassette elements along the direction of extension, the use of fewer fixing means that block such a displacement is sufficient. This also reduces the assembly effort.

With balconies there is often the problem of how the water hitting from above (eg rainwater) can be drained off without dripping onto a balcony below. In the solution according to the invention The underside of the balcony floor, formed from a plurality of cassette elements coupled to one another via their form-fitting sections, forms part of the drainage system of the balcony. Thus, the balcony floor structure formed from the cassette elements also fulfills the function of drainage in addition to the static requirements. The water that hits the top of the balcony floor comes towards the base of each cassette element, which together with the legs extending from the base, in particular the coupling legs, forms a drainage trough, and can be removed from there, for example, by a minimally provided during installation Guide the slope towards a support profile of the support profile frame.

The carrier profiles, into which the water guided from the cassette elements reaches, are preferably structurally designed such that they have a water drainage section. From the water drainage section or sections of the support profile frame, the water can be introduced into a building drainage system that is usually present by means of a drainage device, for example in the form of pipes or channels. From here, however, the water can also be conducted into a collecting container, for example from the support profile frame or from the base of a cassette element. In current solutions, the floor covering is often not completely in balance in order to cause rainwater to run off in a direction specified by the slope. However, this also means that a balcony user is not entirely in balance, which can be disadvantageous in some situations. Furthermore, these drainage solutions often provide additional drainage devices, for example complex collecting and pipe systems. In the case of customary balconies known from the prior art, those structural components which function as a balcony floor support structure are provided in addition to a drainage system. In the balcony according to the invention, the balcony floor is in balance. This balcony realizes an integration of the static structure function for the balcony floor with the drainage function of the water hitting the balcony floor. Conventional systems require one, among other things additional material and assembly costs. This increases both the cost and the assembly time.

All or part of the underside of the balcony floor can form a balcony ceiling. The balcony ceiling is the visible, unclad part of the underside of the balcony floor that a viewer sees when looking at the balcony above from below. The cassette elements, which can form a large part of the underside of the balcony floor by means of their respective bases, can be designed in different colors or uniformly. This allows a balcony ceiling to be freely designed with regard to its appearance. For example, if the balcony ceiling is designed in white, the balcony below will receive more light thanks to the increased light reflection. The dimensioning of the cassette elements, in particular transverse to their direction of extension, also contributes to the optically structured appearance of the balcony ceiling. As a result, further measures, such as an additionally provided cladding, for designing the balcony ceiling can be dispensed with. This can save time and money in designing the balcony ceiling.

• Die Lasten können durch ein Tragwerk mit Kragträgern aufgenommen werden. Ein Kragträger ist ein einseitig gelagerter, waagerechter Balken, an dem eine Last hängt. Er ist Teil eines Gebäudes. Als Balken ausgebildet, ist seine Länge in der Regel deutlich größer als seine Höhe und Breite. Ein Kragbalken wird in der Regel auf Schub, Biegung und mitunter auf Torsion beansprucht. Bei dieser Lösung können zwischen den Kragbalken oder Trägerprofilrahmen übereinander angeordneter Balkone zusätzlich verlaufende Züge, vorzugsweise aus Metall, vorgesehen sein, die entweder mit der Gebäudewand verbunden sind oder eine Verbindung zwischen zwei Balkonen herstellen und jeweils einen Teil der Lasten aufnehmen bzw. ableiten.
• Die Aufnahme der Lasten kann ferner mittels eines Ständerwerks mit zwei senkrechten Ständern erfolgen. Bei einem derartigen Ständerwerk ist der Balkon einerseits mittels des Haltesystems mit der Gebäudewand verbunden und andererseits an zwei senkrechten, deutlich von der Gebäudewand beabstandeten Ständern fixiert. Die Last wird teilweise durch die zwei senkrechten Ständer aufgenommen.

• Des Weiteren kann die Lastaufnahme auch mittels eines Ständerwerks mit vier senkrechten Ständern erfolgen. Hierbei wird der Balkon an diesen vier Ständern fixiert. Davon haben zwei Ständer einen geringen und die verbleibenden zwei Ständer einen im Vergleich dazu größeren Abstand von der Gebäudewand. Die Last wird durch die vier senkrechten Ständer aufgenommen.

The absorption of the loads occurring on a balcony can be solved in different ways:

• The loads can be taken up by a structure with cantilever beams. A cantilever beam is a one-sided, horizontal beam on which a load hangs. It is part of a building. Designed as a bar, its length is usually significantly greater than its height and width. A cantilever is usually subjected to shear, bending and sometimes torsion. In this solution, additional trains, preferably made of metal, can be provided between the cantilevers or support profile frames of balconies arranged one above the other, which are either connected to the building wall or establish a connection between two balconies and each absorb or divert part of the loads.
• The loads can also be taken up by means of a stand with two vertical stands. With such a framework the balcony is connected on the one hand to the building wall by means of the holding system and, on the other hand, is fixed to two vertical stands that are clearly spaced from the building wall. The load is partially borne by the two vertical stands.

• Furthermore, the load can also be taken up by means of a stand with four vertical stands. The balcony is fixed to these four stands. Two stands have a small distance and the remaining two stands have a larger distance from the building wall. The load is taken up by the four vertical stands.

• beim Übergreifschenkel der Formschlussabschnitt auf der Unterseite des Koppelbereiches,
• beim Eingreifschenkel der Formschlussabschnitt auf der Oberseite des Koppelbereiches,

ausgebildet ist.Each of the embodiments described above is advantageously characterized in that the coupling leg is designed either as an overlapping leg or as an engaging leg, viewed from the base of the cassette element in the direction of the coupling leg

• in the overlapping leg the form-fit section on the underside of the coupling area,
• in the case of the engagement leg, the form-fitting section on the top of the coupling area,

is trained.

The coupling leg can be designed as an overlapping leg or as an engaging leg. Each version of the coupling leg has a form-fitting section. Viewed from the base of the cassette element, the form-fitting section is arranged on the upper side of the engaging leg and on the underside of the overlapping leg. If an overlapping leg and an engaging leg are coupled to one another for connecting two cassette elements, the overlapping leg extends over the engaging leg. As a result, the form-fitting sections touch on the underside of the overlapping leg and the top of the engaging leg. If a weight acts from the base of the cassette element, viewed from above, on the overlapping leg, the form fit between the overlapping leg and the engaging leg is loaded by the weight. On Objects and / or people located on the balcony generate such weight forces.

Through this type of mechanical coupling and through this arrangement of the form-fitting section on the overlapping leg and on the engaging leg, a balcony floor support structure is formed from adjacent cassette elements, which supports loads borne by a balcony floor covering usually arranged thereon.

The embodiment described above is advantageously characterized in that a plurality of cassette elements each have a coupling leg at both ends of the base, one coupling leg being designed as an overlapping leg and the other coupling leg being designed as an engaging leg, and the positive connection at the form-fitting sections of adjacent cassette elements through the Coupling the overlapping leg of a first cassette element with the engaging leg of a second cassette element is made.

The majority of the cassette elements have an overlapping leg and an engaging leg for each cassette element. As a result, several adjacent cassette elements can be positively connected to one another. This is preferably used to form a coherent balcony floor structure made up of significantly more than two cassette elements. Due to this connectivity of the cassette elements, the individual cassette elements can be relatively small compared to the total area of the balcony floor construction. This facilitates the transport of the balcony components and the assembly of the balcony.

The embodiments with a cassette element having an overlapping leg are advantageously characterized in that a section of the overlapping leg running parallel to the base of the cassette element forms with its upper side a floor covering for a balcony floor covering. The size of the bearing surface of this For a given height of the cassette element, the floor covering of the cassette element is determined, inter alia, by the coupling leg angle. Depending on the material thickness of the cassette elements and the material used for the balcony floor covering and the resulting weight of the balcony floor covering, the width of the floor covering support of the cassette element and its spacing from the base is selected.

The floor covering of the cassette element can be covered with a balcony floor covering, for example made of wood, plastic, concrete, stone, other materials or a combination thereof. These materials can for example be screwed to the floor covering of the cassette element. This connection and / or the weight of the balcony floor covering exerts an additional holding force on the positive locking of the positive locking sections.

However, it is not absolutely necessary to place an additional balcony floor covering on the floor covering support of the cassette element. The cassette elements could, for example, be folded from thin sheet metal such that the floor covering support of the cassette element extends at a distance from the base and extends perpendicularly to the direction of extension, as viewed continuously. As a result, the top of the cassette elements forms the top of the balcony floor.

All of the preceding configurations are preferably characterized in that adjacent cassette elements are fastened to one another in their common positive-locking sections with fixing means. The following are suitable as fixatives: adhesive, screws, nails, rivets, soldering, welding, other fixatives not mentioned here, or combinations thereof. The adjacent cassette elements are preferably riveted together. For this purpose, after the cassette elements have been positioned at defined points in their interlocking sections, the holes are first drilled, followed by riveting these holes. The Fastening adjacent cassette elements fixes the previously established positions of adjacent cassette elements to one another and prevents their displacement along or transversely to the direction of extension of the cassette elements. Furthermore, the cassette elements fixed to each other form the balcony floor structure, which is preferably made solely from thin sheet metal and which, despite the low material thickness, provides the resilience required for building balconies via the riveted, partially form-fitting sheet metal connection. If all adjacent cassette elements are connected to one another by means of fixing means, individual cassette elements can neither be removed nor displaced. A balcony floor structure formed with such a balcony floor structure is stable and very light. In contrast to some fixing agents, the use of rivets has the advantage that rivets can be drilled out. As a result, cassette elements which have been fixed to one another can subsequently be disassembled if this is necessary, for example, for a repair replacement of an individual cassette element.

In the case of a cassette element with a plurality of coupling legs, the coupling leg angles can be of different sizes. However, the embodiment described above with the coupling leg angle is preferably characterized in that the coupling leg angles of each cassette element are of the same size.

If the coupling leg angles of each cassette element are of the same size, the static properties of the balcony floor support structure formed from the cassette elements are uniform across the direction of extension. This makes the stability of the balcony floor construction overall predictable.

The interlocking section of each coupling leg has a first interlocking section that extends parallel to the base of the cassette element. This first form-fitting section is through the in the coupling leg angle extending away from the base coupling leg spaced from the base and oriented parallel to the base.

This has the following advantage when two adjacent cassette elements are positively locked. When viewed from the base of the cassette element, in the case of a coupling leg designed as an engagement leg, the first form-fitting section is directed upwards, that is to say directed away from the base and oriented parallel to the base. The first positive-locking section of a coupling arm designed as an overlapping leg, which is opposite this first positive-locking section of the engaging leg, is in turn oriented downwards, ie towards the base, and also aligned parallel to the base. The back of the overlapping leg is also oriented parallel to the base with the same coupling leg material thickness and points upwards when viewed from the base. This section at least partially forms a fixing agent section. This fixing means section is accessible from above. As a result, adjacent cassette elements can be very easily attached to one another from above by means of fixing means after they have been connected to one another by means of the form-fitting sections of adjacent overlapping legs and engaging legs. This attachment is preferably carried out by means of rivets. However, other fixing agents can also be used for this, for example screws. Using the fixing means in this way has the advantage, among other things, that each cassette element can still be displaced along the direction of extension before the fastening of adjacent cassette elements. A cassette element is only attached to the adjacent cassette element when it has reached its intended position. This facilitates the step-by-step installation of the balcony floor structure.

Subsequent to the first positive-locking section, a second positive-locking section is formed which extends away from the first positive-locking section in an angled or curved manner.

The engaging leg of a cassette element hooks under the overlapping leg of another adjacent cassette element and the combination of the first form-fitting section and the second form-fitting section forms an edge or a curvature. As a result, this edge or curvature acts in the form-fitting section as a mechanical stop which limits the movement of adjacent cassette elements transversely to the direction of extension. This mechanical stop facilitates the step-by-step assembly of adjacent cassette elements in that the overlapping leg is first applied with its second form-fitting section at an acute angle to the second form-fitting section of the engaging leg. Subsequently, this acute angle is reduced to zero by rotating the cassette element with the overlapping leg about an axis of rotation parallel to the direction of extension, thereby producing the positive locking of the form-fitting sections of the adjacent cassette elements.

The second form-fitting section preferably extends at a right angle from the first form-fitting section. This represents a variant of the angled form-fitting section that is particularly easy to produce, particularly by folding thin sheet metal.

The preceding embodiments are advantageously characterized in that the support profile frame encloses the balcony floor construction and the cassette elements extend in one piece along their direction of extension between opposite sections of the support profile frame. Since the cassette elements extend in one piece along their direction of extension between opposite sections of the carrier profile frame, no further support elements for the cassette elements along their direction of extension are required. This reduces the effort for the balcony assembly. Furthermore, the cassette elements, which extend in one piece, also serve as an aesthetic design element for the balcony design. This allows for elaborate subsequent design measures on the balcony, for example in the form of Disguises are dispensed with. This reduces the time, material and costs for the balcony design.

Enclosing the balcony floor construction by the support profile frame also has the consequence that rainwater hitting the balcony from above is transported in the direction of the support profile frame and can be drained from there, for example by means of a piping system. This line system is preferably formed from water drainage sections, which is designed as a structural component of the support profiles forming the support profile frame. In this way, it is not necessary to provide components that serve only to drain the balcony floor construction of the balcony. The balcony floor structure integrates the drainage functionality with its structural function, so to speak.

The object on which the invention is based is further achieved by a method for producing a balcony with the features of claim 8. As described at the beginning, the folding claimed in the context of this invention is a bending process known from the forming technology. In the following, only the term beveling is used.

The carrier profiles forming the carrier profile frame consist of metal, a metal alloy, plastic or a combination of the aforementioned materials. The carrier profile frame is formed by joining the carrier profiles to form a carrier profile frame and then connecting them to one another. This connection is permanent or detachable. A permanent connection of the carrier profiles to a carrier profile frame is preferred, for example by welding or soldering. Such support profiles are preferably designed as follows. Viewed in cross section, such a carrier profile is shaped like a square C with an opening. An upper end portion extends from the upper end of this opening, while a lower end portion extends from the lower end of the opening. These two end sections extend essentially perpendicularly away from the carrier profile and are aligned parallel to one another. The lower end section forms a balcony floor covering of the support profile, while the upper end section forms a floor covering support of the support profile for a balcony floor covering, which is regularly provided as part of the balcony floor construction.

The support profile frame is attached to a building wall using a holding system. This holding system is designed with or without a vertical stand system. Without a stand system, the load is taken up by means of one or more cantilever beams and possibly by additional cables, preferably made of metal, connected to the building wall or neighboring balconies. The design and mode of operation of a cantilever is described at the beginning. The use of a stand system may be necessary for large balconies. In these cases, the stand system provides for a partial or full absorption of the balcony load.

The cassette elements are made of metal in the form of thin sheet metal. For this purpose, a galvanized steel sheet is preferably formed as follows: the thin sheet is folded into a cassette element in a forming tool. The direction of extent of the shaping edge of the shaping tool thereby defines the direction of extent of the cassette element. After folding, the cassette element has the following structure: viewed in cross section to its direction of extension, the cassette element has a base. After installation, the base is part of the underside of a balcony floor. Assembled cassette elements form the complete underside of the balcony floor with their respective bases. All or part of the underside of the balcony floor can form a balcony ceiling. The balcony ceiling is the visible, unclad part of the underside of the balcony floor that a viewer sees when looking at the balcony above from below.

The thin sheet is folded in such a way that at least one coupling leg extends away from the base along the direction of extension. A coupling leg angle is formed between the base and the coupling leg. The coupling leg angle is 60 to 70 degrees. The coupling leg has a coupling area. The coupling area is arranged at a defined distance from the base. The coupling region is preferably arranged at the end of the coupling leg facing away from the base. The coupling area of the coupling leg is in turn by the folding process of the sheet preferably formed at least in sections parallel to the base. Furthermore, the coupling area has a form-fitting section. The form-fitting section preferably has a first and a second form-fitting section adjacent thereto. Here, the first form-fitting section is formed parallel to the base as part of the coupling area. Through one or more further folding steps, the second form-fitting section is angled or curved in the direction of the base. The second form-fitting section preferably forms the end of the coupling area. Such coupling legs are designed as so-called engagement legs or as overlapping legs. The first and second form-fitting sections of the engagement leg are each formed on the upper side of the coupling leg facing away from the base. In contrast, the first and second form-fitting section of the overlapping leg is arranged on the underside of the coupling leg facing the base. When viewed in cross section, the cassette element preferably has a coupling leg designed as an overlapping leg at one end of the base and a coupling leg designed at the other end of the base. Deviating from this, individual cassette elements can be provided, which are bent at the edge of the mutually coupled cassette elements in each case only with a coupling leg designed as an engagement leg or only with a coupling leg designed as an overlapping leg.

Adjacent cassette elements are connected to one another by means of their adjacent form-fitting sections during the assembly of the balcony floor construction. The back of the first form-fitting section of the overlapping leg preferably forms a floor covering support of the cassette element and can therefore be used for laying on a balcony floor covering which forms the visible top of the balcony floor.

When assembling the balcony floor construction, a first folded cassette element of this type is inserted into the support profile frame so that it is on opposite sections of the balcony floor support of the Carrier profile frame rests. These sections are preferably oriented parallel to one another. However, this depends on the geometry of the balcony.

A second cassette element is then placed on the balcony floor support of the support profile frame. The first cassette element is then preferably connected to the adjacent second cassette element as follows. The engaging leg of a cassette element hooks under the overlapping leg of another adjacent cassette element and the combination of the first form-fitting section and the second form-fitting section forms an edge or a curvature. As a result, this edge or curvature acts in the form-fitting section as a mechanical stop which limits the movement of adjacent cassette elements transversely to the direction of extension. This mechanical stop facilitates the step-by-step assembly of adjacent cassette elements in that the overlapping leg is first applied with its second form-fitting section at an acute angle to the second form-fitting section of the engaging leg. Subsequently, this acute angle is reduced to zero by rotating the cassette element with the overlapping leg about an axis of rotation parallel to the direction of extension, thereby producing the positive locking of the form-fitting sections of the adjacent cassette elements.

In this way, further cassette elements are preferably inserted into the carrier profile frame and connected to one another until the surface enclosed by the carrier profile frame is completely filled. The cassette elements can be displaced along the direction of extension up to a certain point so that they can be threaded into the carrier profile frame.

The cassette elements, which are positively connected to one another, are then fixed to one another on the carrier profile frame. Screws, rivets, adhesives, other fixing agents or a combination thereof are used for this fixing. Rivets are preferably used for this. For this purpose, after assembly and adjustment of the added cassette element, a hole is made in the form-fitting area of the cassette element through the thin sheet of both cassette elements. Immediately afterwards, the rivet is placed in this hole and the two cassette elements are riveted together in this way. A corresponding procedure is carried out for fixing the cassette elements to the carrier profile frame. In contrast to some fixing agents, the use of rivets has the advantage that rivets can be drilled out. This means that cassette elements that are fixed together can be subsequently dismantled if this is necessary.

After the entire balcony floor structure has been built up from the interconnected cassette elements, a balcony floor covering is placed on the floor covering support of the support profile and the floor covering supports of the adjacent cassette elements and fixed to the cassette elements. Screws, nails or specially designed fixing agents are suitable for this. Screws are preferably used for this.

The advantage of this process is that many balcony components can be prefabricated, the transport of the balcony components is therefore easy and the final assembly to a balcony can be carried out by a few people without special lifting equipment.

The preceding method is preferably developed in such a way that the carrier profiles forming the carrier profile frame are also bent from thin sheet metal, a carrier profile strand being bent from thin sheet first, then a plurality of carrier profiles are mitred from the carrier profile strand and the majority of carrier profiles become a carrier profile frame connected.

The carrier profiles are preferably cut directly from the carrier profile strand to the required length by means of a miter cut, or they are First cut to the required length and then the carrier profile is mitred.

The thin sheet used in the folding is made of a metal or a metal alloy, preferably steel. The thickness of the thin sheet is preferably up to 3 millimeters, particularly preferably up to 2.5 millimeters and most preferably 1 to 2 millimeters.

The use of beveled thin sheet metal for support profile frames leads to a significant weight saving in comparison to many currently used support profile frames made of thicker flat steel. The flat steel used regularly has two to three times the material thickness, so that the components made from it have double and triple the weight. In comparison, the significantly lower weight of the has less effort in transport and assembly and thus also lower costs.

The preceding method is advantageously developed in such a way that the plurality of carrier profiles is connected to the carrier profile frame by means of welding, soldering or other suitable methods. So-called MSG welding is preferably used. In the context of this invention, MSG welding is understood to mean metal welding with inert gases. This is a welding process that uses protective gas. This shielding gas prevents the weld from oxidizing after welding. Argon, helium or other suitable protective gases are used as protective gases. This welding process is established and is well mastered. The advantage is that, in particular, the weld seams of cut galvanized steel sheets no longer have to be reworked after welding, for example using mechanical methods and / or rust inhibitors.

• Fig.1 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines Balkons in einer schematischen nicht maßstabsgerechten Aufsicht auf den Balkon;
• Fig.2 eine Querschnittsdarstellung entlang der strichpunktierten Linie II-II aus Figur 1;
• Fig.3 ein Trägerprofil des Balkons in perspektivischer Ansicht;
• Fig.4 eine Querschnittsdarstellung des mittels eines Haltesystems an einer Gebäudewand befestigten Trägerprofils des Balkons;
• Fig.5 ein Mittel-Kassettenelement des Balkons im Querschnitt;
• Fig.6 ein Mittel-Kassettenelement des Balkons in perspektivischer Ansicht;
• Fig.7 ein Anfangs-Kassettenelement des Balkons in perspektivischer Ansicht;
• Fig.8 ein Abschluss-Kassettenelement des Balkons in perspektivischer Ansicht;
• Fig.9 ein aus drei Kassettenelementen gebildetes Balkonbodentragwerk ohne Balkonbodenbelag; und
• Fig.10 eine formschlüssige Verbindung zweier benachbarter Kassettenelemente des Balkons in vergrößerter Darstellung.

The invention is explained below using a single exemplary embodiment of the balcony with reference to the figures. Here shows:

• Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a balcony in a schematic plan view, not to scale, of the balcony;
• Fig. 2 a cross-sectional view along the dash-dotted line II-II Figure 1 ;
• Fig. 3 a support profile of the balcony in a perspective view;
• Fig. 4 a cross-sectional view of the support profile of the balcony fastened to a building wall by means of a holding system;
• Fig. 5 a central cassette element of the balcony in cross section;
• Fig. 6 a central cassette element of the balcony in a perspective view;
• Fig. 7 an initial cassette element of the balcony in a perspective view;
• Fig. 8 a final cassette element of the balcony in a perspective view;
• Fig. 9 a balcony floor structure formed from three cassette elements without a balcony floor covering; and
• Fig. 10 a positive connection of two adjacent cassette elements of the balcony in an enlarged view.

Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a balcony in a schematic plan view, not to scale, of the balcony. The balcony has a support profile frame 10 with two long and two short sides, which is rectangular in plan view. The support profile frame 10 is formed from a first support profile 12, a second support profile 14, a third support profile 16 and a fourth support profile 18. The support profiles 16 and 18 form the long sides of the support profile frame 10, which is rectangular in plan view. The short sides of the support profile frame 10, which is rectangular in plan view, are formed by the support profiles 12 and 14. A direction of extension E extends between the carrier profiles 16 and 18. The direction of extension E is parallel to the carrier profiles 12 and 14. The carrier profile frame 10 is connected to four vertical stands 20. The four stands 20 are arranged at the four corners of the rectangle and serve to accommodate the loads picked up by the balcony. Furthermore, the support profile frame 10 is connected to a building wall 30 by means of a holding system, not shown in this figure. Of the Carrier profile frame 10 encloses a balcony floor support structure 42. The balcony floor support structure 42 has a plurality of interconnected cassette elements 50. Each cassette element 50 has a rectangular base with two long sides and two short sides. Along the long sides of a cassette element 50 there are one or two connecting sections, not shown here, in which adjacent cassette elements partially overlap. These connecting sections contain support sections and form-fitting sections. Each cassette element 50 extends in one piece with the long sides along the direction of extension E between the two carrier profiles 16 and 18. The long sides of the cassette elements 50 are thereby parallel to the short carrier profiles 12 and 14. The individual cassette elements 50 are positively connected to one another by means of form-fitting sections. These support sections and form-fitting sections are described in detail in the further figures. The plurality of cassette elements 50 are composed of an initial cassette element 52, a plurality of central cassette elements 54 and a final cassette element 56. The structure of the carrier profile frame 10 and a cassette element 50 is shown in the further figures.

Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view along the dash-dotted line II-II Figure 1 . The parts of the carrier profile frame 10 shown here include the first carrier profile 12 and the second carrier profile 14 lying opposite it. In the present cross-sectional view, each of the aforementioned carrier profiles is essentially shaped like a rectangular C with two long vertical sides, two short horizontal sides and an opening for receiving cassette elements 50. This opening is located on one of these two long sides and is arranged above the center of the carrier profile. A horizontal upper end portion extends from the upper end of this opening and a horizontal lower end portion extends from the lower end of the opening. These two end sections extend essentially perpendicularly away from the carrier profile and are aligned parallel to one another. The lower end section forms one Balcony floor support 44 while the upper end portion forms a floor covering support 461 of the support profile frame. The balcony floor support structure 42 forms a balcony floor construction 40 together with a balcony floor covering 46. The balcony floor covering 46 usually consists of wooden planks or stone slabs which are placed on the floor covering support 461 of the support profile and / or the floor covering support 462 of the cassette element. The wooden planks or stone slabs regularly extend in one piece along the direction of extension E and can be fixed to the floor covering support 461 of the carrier profile and / or the floor covering support 462 of the cassette element by means of screws, not shown here.

The balcony floor construction 40 has a balcony floor top 401 and a balcony floor bottom 402. The top of the balcony floor 401 is formed from the top of the balcony floor covering 46, while the bottom of the balcony floor structure 42 forms the bottom of the balcony floor 402. The bottom of the balcony floor 402 lies in sections on the balcony floor support 44 of the support profiles surrounding it. The balcony floor support structure 42 is formed from a plurality of adjacent cassette elements 50 arranged in parallel. For this purpose, an initial cassette element 52 is connected to a plurality of central cassette elements 54 and a final cassette element 56 during the assembly process and is fastened to one another using fixing means 72, preferably rivets, shown in this cross-sectional illustration. The balcony floor support structure 42 formed in this way is also fastened to the support profile frame 10 using fixing means 72 (not shown here), preferably rivets. The section of the balcony floor underside 402 which is visible from below forms the visible balcony floor 48, provided that this section is not covered by an additionally provided cladding.

Figure 3 shows a support profile of the balcony in a perspective view. The carrier profile 12 is the result of a forming process of a thin sheet after six folding processes. On the balcony floor support 44 is when installing the A section of the balcony floor underside 402 (not shown in this figure) is placed on the balconies and a balcony floor covering 46, not shown here, is placed on the floor covering support 461 of the support profile during balcony assembly. Due to the folding, the lower U-shaped section is a structural component of the C-shaped support profile on the short horizontal side. This U-shaped section forms a water drain section 34. This water drainage section 34 continues over the other support profiles 14, 16, 18 in the entire support profile frame 10. It picks up the water collected by the trough-shaped cassette elements 50 and guided into the carrier profiles and drains it away.

Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the support profile of the balcony with four vertical stands attached to a building wall by means of a holding system. In the present cross-sectional view, the first support profile 12 has at least one hole in its vertical section. Through this hole, the support profile 12 is connected by means of a holding system 32 having a screw and two washers to a building wall which also has a hole. The load on this balcony is mainly borne by the vertical stands. The holding system 32 is used only for the lateral fixing of the support profile frame 10 to the building wall 30. The statements already made for the water drainage section 34, the floor covering 461 of the support profile and the balcony floor support 44 apply accordingly to this figure.

Figure 5 shows a central cassette element of the balcony in cross section. The central cassette element 54, like the carrier profile 12, is the result of a shaping process of a thin sheet after six folding processes. Two coupling legs 64 extend away from a base 60 due to the bend. An engaging leg 641 extends from the left edge of the base 60 and an overlapping leg 642 extends from the right edge. The engaging leg 66 and the overlapping leg 68 are at a coupling leg angle A of 60 to 70 degrees to the base 60 arranged. Along the direction of extension E, the coupling leg angle A is the same size due to the folding process. Of the Viewed from the base 60, the end sections of the engaging leg 641 and the overlapping leg 642 each form a coupling area 62. Each coupling area 62 has two sections: a first section is parallel to the base as a result of the folding process. Due to the bend, a second section extends at right angles to this first section and in the direction of the base 60 and forms the end of the coupling area 62. The engagement leg 641, the overlapping leg 642 and their two sections of the coupling area 62 extend uniformly along the direction of extension E due to the bend. The interaction of the coupling regions 62 of the engaging leg 641 and the overlapping leg 642 is carried out together with Figure 9 explained. The underside of the base 60 forms in particular the visible balcony floor 48 of the underside of the balcony floor.

Figure 6 shows a central cassette element of the balcony in a perspective view. It can be seen very clearly that the coupling leg angle A along the direction of extension E is constant due to the bend. The engaging leg 641, the overlapping leg 642 and their two sections of the coupling region 62 are formed, as in FIG Figure 2 and 5 described.

Figure 7 an initial cassette element of the balcony in a perspective view. The initial cassette element 54 is the result of a forming process of a thin sheet after four bending processes. In contrast to the central cassette element 54 Figure 6 here, as the coupling leg 64, only the engaging leg 641 extends from the left edge of the base 60. The engaging leg 641 is designed as in FIG Figure 5 described. The other leg is an initial leg 66. The initial leg 66 is formed from a single section which, viewed from the base, extends substantially vertically upward. The initial leg 66 extends uniformly along the direction of extension E due to the bend. It prevents the water hitting from above (eg rainwater) from running uncontrolled in the direction of the support profile frame 12. This channeling of water is part of the drainage system of the balcony. Furthermore, the initial leg 66 increases the Torsional rigidity and thus the stability of the initial cassette element 52.

Figure 8 shows a final cassette element 56 of the balcony in a perspective view. The final cassette element 56 is the result of a forming process of a thin sheet after four folding processes. In contrast to the central cassette element 54, only the overlapping leg 642 is formed as the coupling leg 64 on the right edge of the base 60. The overlapping leg 642 is designed as in FIG Figure 5 described. The statements made there apply accordingly. The other leg arranged on the left edge of the base 60 is an end leg 68. The end leg 68 is just like the start leg 66 Figure 7 formed essentially vertically upwards. Everything about the beginning leg 66 Figure 7 What has been said applies correspondingly to the end leg 68.

Figure 9 shows a balcony floor structure 42 formed from three cassette elements without a balcony floor covering. The balcony floor structure 42 is formed from the in Figure 7 described initial cartridge element 52, and that in the Figures 5 and 6 described center cassette element 54 and in Figure 8 final cassette element 56 described. The in the Figures 5 to 8 The statements made apply accordingly and are therefore not repeated here. These three cassette elements 52, 54, 56 are arranged adjacent to one another and overlap in sections. Particularly shaped interlocking sections 70 are arranged in overlapping areas. The structural design, in particular of the overlapping limbs 642 and the engaging limbs 641, is the result of the folding processes already mentioned and enables the construction of the balcony floor support structure 42 from positively interconnected cassette elements 50 during balcony assembly. Each of the three cassette elements 52, 54, 56 has at least the engaging limb 641 with a first form-fitting section 701 and a second form-fitting section 702 or via the overlapping leg 642 a first positive-locking section 711 and a second positive-locking section 712. The first positive-locking section 701 of the engaging leg and the first positive-locking section 711 of the overlapping leg are arranged at a defined distance and parallel to the base 60. The second form-fitting section 702 of the engaging leg and the second form-fitting section 712 of the overlapping leg extend substantially perpendicularly therefrom in the direction of the respective base 60. The second form-fitting sections 702, 712 each form the end of the engaging leg 641 or overlapping leg 642. The four form-fitting sections 701, 711, 702, 712 extend as sections of the engaging leg 641 or the overlapping leg 642 along the direction of extension E. Also in the region of the starting leg 66 of the initial cassette element 52 and the end leg 68 of the end cassette element 56, the base 60 lies as part of the underside of the balcony floor in the support profile frame 10 (not shown in this figure) on the balcony floor support 44 there.

Furthermore, each overlapping leg 642 has a floor covering 462 of the cassette element. This floor covering pad 462 is arranged at a defined distance from the base 60 and is formed from the upper side of the coupling region 62 of the overlapping leg 642 parallel to the base 60. A fitting, as in FIG Figure 2 described, not shown here, balcony flooring can be placed.

Figure 10 shows a positive connection of two adjacent cassette elements of the balcony in an enlarged view. The area that forms the positive connection between the engaging leg 641 and the overlapping leg 642 is shown hatched for clarity. The hatching does not represent a component which is provided in addition to the engaging leg 641 and the overlapping leg 642. Hatched portions of the overlapping leg 642 and engaging leg 641 are shown, which are coupled in a form-fitting manner in a common form-fitting section 70. The common positive-locking section 70 is formed from four individual ones Sections. The engagement leg 641 extends away from the base 60 of the initial cassette element 52 at a coupling leg angle A. The engagement leg 641 has the combination of the first form-fitting section 701 and the second form-fitting section 702 at its end section as a coupling region. The first positive-locking section 701 runs parallel to the base 60 and is directed away from the base 60 on the upper side of the engagement leg 641. The second positive-locking section 702 extends substantially perpendicularly from the first positive-locking section 701 and extends in the direction of the base 60.

The overlap leg 642 extends from the base 60 of the initial cassette element 54 at a coupling leg angle A away from the base 60. The overlap leg 642 has at its end section the first form-locking section 711 and the adjoining second form-locking section 712. Both form-fitting sections lie in the coupling area of the overlapping leg 642. The first form-fitting section 711 runs parallel to the base 60 and is directed on the underside in the direction of the base 60. The second form-fitting section 712 extends essentially perpendicularly from the first form-fitting section 711 in the direction of the base 60. The two form-fitting sections 711 and 712 of the overlapping leg 642 come to rest on the two form-fitting sections 701 and 702 of the engaging leg 641 and form the common form-fitting section 70 with their contact surfaces out. As already in Figure 9 , each overlapping leg 642 preferably has the floor covering pad 462 of the cassette element on the upper side of its section running parallel to the base 60. This floor covering pad 462 is arranged at a defined distance from the base 60. A balcony floor covering, not shown here, can be placed on this floor covering support 462 of the cassette element, as already shown in FIG Figure 2 and Figure 9 mentioned.

Reference symbol list:

10th

Beam profile frame

12th

first beam profile

14

second support profile

16

third support profile

18th

fourth carrier profile

20

Stand

30th

Building wall

32

Holding system

34

Water drainage section

40

Balcony floor construction

401

Top of the balcony floor

402

Bottom of the balcony floor

42

Balcony floor structure

44

Balcony floor covering

46

Balcony flooring

461

Floor covering of the support profile

462

Floor covering of the cassette element

48

visible balcony floor

50

Cassette element

52

Initial cassette element

54

Middle cassette element

56

Finishing cassette element

60

Base

62

Coupling area

64

Coupling leg

641

Engagement leg

642

Overlap

66

Beginning thigh

68

Graduation leg

70

common positive locking section

72

fixer

701

first form-fitting section of the engagement leg

702

second form-fitting section of the engagement leg

711

first form-fitting section of the overlapping leg

712

second form-fitting section of the overlapping leg

Claims (10)

1. A balcony for attachment to a building wall (30) having:

   - a balcony floor construction (40) having a balcony floor top side (401) and a balcony floor underside (402),

   - a carrier profile frame (10) made of carrier profiles (12, 14, 16, 18), forming a balcony floor covering (44) for sections of the balcony floor underside (402), and

   - a holding system (32) fixing the carrier profile frame (10), for attaching the balcony to a building wall (30)
   wherein the balcony floor construction (40) has a balcony floor structure (42) constructed of at least two cassette elements (50) extending along a common extension direction (E),
   wherein each cassette element (50) seen in the cross-section perpendicular to the extension direction (E) is shaped in such a manner,

   - that it has a basis (60) which forms a part of the balcony floor underside (402) and

   - that at least one coupling leg (64) having a coupling area (62) spaced apart from the base (60), for connecting neighboring cassette elements (50) and/or for applying a balcony floor cloth (46) on the balcony floor structure (42) extends starting from the base (60), wherein each coupling area (62) has a positive fit section (70) extending along the extension direction (E), by which neighboring cassette elements (50) are connected to each other by positive fit,
   wherein the cassette elements (50), the carrier profile (12, 14, 16, 18) or both are made of beveled thin sheet, and between base (60) and coupling leg (64) of the cassette elements (50) a coupling leg angle A of 60 to 70 degrees is formed, respectively,
   wherein the positive fit section (70) of each coupling leg (64) has a first positive fit section (701, 711) extending parallel to the base (60) of the cassette element (50) and wherein subsequent to the first positive fit section (701, 711) a second positive fit section (702, 712) extending in angled or curved manner away from the first positive fit section (701, 711) is formed.
2. The balcony according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling leg (64) is formed either as overlap leg (642) or as engagement leg (641), wherein seen from the base (60) of the cassette element (50) in the direction of the coupling legs (64)

   - the positive fit section (70) is formed on the underside of the coupling area (62) for the overlap leg (642),

   - the positive fit section (70) is formed on the top side of the coupling area (62) for the engagement leg (641).
3. The balcony according to claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of cassette elements (50) has each at both ends of the base (60) a coupling leg (64), wherein the one coupling leg (64) is formed as overlap leg (642) and the other coupling leg (64) is formed as engagement leg (641), and the positive fit connection at the positive fit sections (70) of neighboring cassette elements (50) is established by coupling the overlap leg (642) of a first cassette element (50) to the engagement leg of a second cassette element (50).
4. The balcony according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a section of the overlap leg (642) running parallel to the base (60) of the cassette element (50) forms with its top side a floor cloth covering (462) for a balcony floor cloth (46).
5. The balcony according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that neighboring cassette elements (50) are attached to each other in their common positive fit sections (70) by fixation means (72).
6. The balcony according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the coupling leg angles A of each cassette element (50) are of equal size.
7. The balcony according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the carrier profile frame (10) surrounds the balcony floor construction (40) and the cassette elements (50) extend along their extension direction (E) in one piece between opposite sections of the carrier profile frame (10).
8. A method for producing a balcony according to claim 1 having following method steps:

   - providing a carrier profile frame (10) made of carrier profiles (12, 14, 16, 18), forming a balcony floor covering (44) for sections of a balcony floor underside (402);

   - beveling at least two cassette elements (50) of thin sheet, wherein each cassette element (50) extends along an extension direction (E) predetermined by the beveling and seen in the cross-section to the extension direction (E) each cassette element (50) is shaped in such a manner that it has a base (60) which forms a part of a balcony floor underside (402) and that at least one coupling leg (64) having a coupling area (62) spaced apart from the base (60), for connecting neighboring cassette elements (50) and/or for applying a balcony floor cloth (46) extends starting from the base (60), wherein each coupling area (62) has a positive fit section (70) for connecting neighboring cassette elements (50) by positive fit, wherein between base (60) and coupling leg (64) of the cassette elements (50) a coupling leg angle A of 60 to 70 degrees is formed, respectively, and wherein the positive fit section (70) of each coupling leg (64) has a first positive fit section (701, 711) extending parallel to the base (60) of the cassette element (50),

   - inserting a first cassette element (50) onto opposite sections of the balcony floor coverings (44) of the carrier profile frame (10),

   - inserting a second cassette element (50) onto opposite sections of the balcony floor coverings (44) of the carrier profile frame (10), wherein the second cassette element (50) is inserted so that the coupling leg (64) of the first cassette element (50) will lie next to the coupling leg (64) of the second cassette element (50) in such a manner that the positive fit section (70) of the first cassette element (50) and the positive fit section (70) of the second cassette element (50) build a positive fit connection and

   - fixing the cassette elements (50) to the carrier profile frame (10).
9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that
   the carrier profiles (12, 14, 16, 18) made of thin sheet, forming the carrier profile frame (10) are beveled,
   wherein first a profile strand of thin sheet is beveled,
   then a plurality of carrier profiles (12, 14, 16, 18) are sawn from the profile strand to mitre
   and the plurality of carrier profiles (12, 14, 16, 18) is connected to a carrier profile frame (10).
10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that
    the plurality of carrier profiles (12, 14, 16, 18) is connected by means of welding, soldering or other suitable methods to the carrier profile frame (10).

Images