EP3270093A1 - Blindage composite et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Blindage composite et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP3270093A1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: composite; composite armor; layer; steel; spatial structure
Prior art date: 2016-07-15
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP17180907.2A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Other versions

EP3270093B1 (fr

Inventor

Erich Schönenberg

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Craco GmbH

Original Assignee

Craco GmbH

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2016-07-15

Filing date

2017-07-12

Publication date

2018-01-17

2016-09-12 Priority claimed from DE102016117071.2A external-priority patent/DE102016117071A1/de

2017-07-12 Application filed by Craco GmbH filed Critical Craco GmbH

2018-01-17 Publication of EP3270093A1 publication Critical patent/EP3270093A1/fr

2020-03-04 Application granted granted Critical

2020-03-04 Publication of EP3270093B1 publication Critical patent/EP3270093B1/fr

Status Active legal-status Critical Current

2037-07-12 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Images

Classifications

- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0421—Ceramic layers in combination with metal layers
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles

Definitions

the invention relates to a composite armor, in particular armor plate for protection against projectiles, and a method for producing a composite armor and a use of a cast steel, wherein the composite armor is formed of at least one metal layer and at least one composite layer, wherein the metal layer is formed of cast steel, wherein the Composite layer of a dimensionally stable in liquid steel material which forms a spatial structure, and a matrix material which fills the spatial structure is formed.
composite armor formed from various layers of materials are well known and are said to provide adequate protection against armor piercing munitions attacks, such as, for example, shaped charge and balancing bullets, anti-crushing ammunition, and antitank mines.
Composite armor is used not only in military vehicles, such as tanks for protection against bullets, but also in civil vehicles, such as cars, which require a certain protection.
composite armor In principle, they can also be used for personal protection vests or object protection in general. In the case of a bombardment of the composite armor, this should in any case always prevent a shoot through, with a passage already being considered to be an opening in a rear side of the composite armor facing away from the direction of bombardment.
the ceramic material reacts upon impact of a projectile with cracking because the ceramic material is very brittle and can not yield elastically, absorbing or consuming a significant portion of an impact energy. Also, the ceramic material is resistant to very high temperatures, as they occur, for example, in shaped charges. However, destruction of the ceramic material or the structure need not be limited to the immediate area of the impact. It can also come through a so-called shock transmission to a large-scale destruction of the spatial structure of the ceramic material. Also grains of the ceramic can penetrate into a metal spike a shaped charge or in a balancing projectile and effectively hinder its progress. For example, it is known to glue on a metal layer of a hardened steel plate ceramic tiles.
the object is achieved by a composite armor with the features of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 23 and a use with the features of claim 27.
the composite armor according to the invention is formed of a metal layer and at least one composite layer, wherein the metal layer is formed of cast steel, wherein the composite layer of a dimensionally stable in liquid steel material forming a spatial structure, and a matrix material, which fills the spatial structure is formed, wherein the matrix material is cast steel, wherein the composite layer is formed by casting steel in a mold in which the spatial structure is arranged, wherein the cast steel as an alloying component 4 to 30, preferably to 21 Contains manganese (Mn) by weight, the cast steel having a predominantly bainitic, austenitic and / or martensitic structure.
Mn manganese
the material of the metal layer is consequently cast steel and the material of the composite layer is the material which is dimensionally stable in liquid steel and which is combined with the cast steel.
the cast steel of the composite layer then acts as the matrix material which at least partially and preferably completely fills cavities of the spatial structure.
the composite armor can in principle have any geometric shape that is produced by casting can be.
the dimensionally stable material in liquid steel or the spatial structure of the dimensionally stable material can then also assume a corresponding geometric shape.
At least the composite layer is produced by infiltrating the material, which is dimensionally stable in liquid steel or the spatial structure formed by the dimensionally stable material, in the casting mold and infiltrating the steel or matrix material by casting steel into the casting mold.
the casting mold is completely filled with the liquid steel, so that the spatial structure is accommodated in the matrix material or the then solidified cast steel. Joints between the dimensionally stable material and the cast steel can thus be avoided, whereby the dimensionally stable material is more dimensionally stable in a bombardment and less prone to splintering. Also, an education of, for example, blind holes and ceramic inserts with tight tolerances is no longer required, whereby the composite armor is cheaper to produce.
the steel casting has a manganese content of 4 to 30 percent by mass
a bainitic or austenitic structure of the cast steel can be easily obtained.
the respective microstructure is then present in the cooled or ready-to-use state of the composite armor.
the structure in question outweighs possible other structures of steel casting with a share of> 50 percent by mass.
austenitic or bainitic cast steel strongly solidifies in cold deformation, so that the steel casting is difficult to work.
a special machining of the cast steel is no longer necessary.
the composite armor can still have a relatively high toughness at a high hardness. It is also possible, depending on the addition of manganese or other alloy constituents, to form the cast steel in such a way that, in addition to the austenitic structure, it has a predominantly martensitic structure.
the martensitic microstructure can also be obtained by a temperature treatment, in which case a layer with high toughness of bainitic or austenitic microstructure can then follow on a hardened layer of the cast steel.
the bainitic structure conversion of retained austenite to martensite is promoted in deformation by a high carbon concentration. For example, a particularly high elongation at break with an amount of retained austenite of 33 to 57 percent by volume can be achieved.
the bainitic structure can also be advantageously subjected to a heat treatment, since this is associated with only comparatively small changes in volume.
the material that is dimensionally stable in liquid steel can be any material that forms a spatial structure and can be arranged in the casting mold during the casting of steel or cast steel into a casting mold, without the spatial structure being deformed by the temperature rise caused in the liquid steel.
a softening temperature of the dimensionally stable material is therefore above a liquidus temperature of the liquid steel.
the dimensionally stable material may for example be steel, in particular an alloy with chromium, tungsten or another metal.
the metal layer and the composite layer may be formed together by casting steel into a mold in which the spatial structure is arranged. Consequently, the metal layer and the composite layer can be integrally formed with the same steel.
the metal layer is then the layer of the composite armor within which no spatial structure is arranged. In principle, however, it is also possible to form the metal layer independently of the composite layer in a separate casting process and then to bond or weld the metal layer to the composite layer, for example.
the composite layer may be formed of a ceramic material and the matrix material.
the ceramic material may be formed by sintering.
the ceramic material may be formed of alumina, silicon carbide or boron carbide.
the ceramic material may be formed entirely from one of these materials or also from a mixture of these materials, wherein at least one of these materials is present in a predominant proportion.
the ceramic material may be composed of a first component having an alpha-form alumina base and a second component having a base containing a preferably eutectic alpha-form alumina composition and zirconia first and the second component can be connected by means of a binder, preferably a metallic binder or silicates. As has been found, this ceramic material has a high hardness and a high strength.
the preferably eutectic composition may contain from about 57 to about 63 weight percent alpha-form alumina and from about 37 to about 43 weight percent zirconia.
the ceramic material can then also have a porous or sponge-like structure into which molten metal can penetrate. This makes it possible to bond the ceramic material particularly intimately with the cast steel and anchored in the composite layer, which increases a dielectric strength.
the cast steel may contain, as an alloying ingredient, 0.01 to 2, preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mass% of carbon.
a higher carbon content favors the formation of an austenitic microstructure with a manganese content of more than 4 percent.
With a lower carbon content it becomes possible to obtain a bainitic structure more.
carbon plays an important role in the transformation of the austenitic microstructure into martensitic microstructures, which is why the cast steel can advantageously contain at least 0.2 percent carbon.
the steel casting as an alloying ingredient may contain from 0.4 to 3.5, preferably from 1 to 2.5, percent by weight of chromium.
the austenitic structure can also be formed at comparatively low temperatures by means of chromium.
the cast steel may be tempered, preferably by quenching in a salt bath and / or by tempering in an oven in an air atmosphere.
a bainitic or martensitic microstructure can be formed by the coating.
these structures are formed only in a peripheral zone of the composite armor.
tempering in the oven a bainitic or austenitic structure can be obtained, which has a mechanically unstable austenite phase, which is comparatively quickly converted to a martensitic structure in the penetration of a projectile.
the composite armor may be in the form of a plate. Such a plate or armor plate is particularly easy to produce by casting.
the composite layer may preferably be arranged in the direction of a firing direction, in which case the metal layer then forms a rear side of the composite armor facing away from the firing direction.
the composite armor may comprise a further metal layer, in which case the composite layer may be accommodated between two metal layers.
the layers can each have the same thickness or different thicknesses, wherein the metal layer arranged in a firing direction can lower a kinetic energy of a projectile before it penetrates into the composite layer.
the backside forming metal layer can then form a supporting back plate for the composite layer.
two metal layers can form two-thirds and one composite layer one-third of a thickness of the composite armor.
the composite armor has variations of thicknesses of the respective layers which are different from each other.
the composite armor may also have two composite layers separated by a metal layer. In principle, more than two composite layers may be present. The composite layers can then in turn also of other metal layers be covered. Other combinations of layers are also possible.
the composite armor may comprise an intermediate layer which may be disposed between the metal layer and the composite layer and formed of a material having comparatively greater hardness and density.
the intermediate layer may for example consist of uranium or tungsten or contain these substances.
the spatial structure may be a honeycomb structure with preferably 6 or 8 corners, rectangular or cuboid.
the spatial structure or geometric structure can then form cavities with the honeycombs, rectangles or cuboids, which are substantially completely filled with cast steel.
the spatial structure may be formed of a plurality of plate-shaped layers of the dimensionally stable material.
the spatial structure or the geometric structure is arranged orthogonal to a firing direction running within the composite layer. Cavities formed by the dimensionally stable material can easily be infiltrated here with liquid steel and completely filled. It is essential that the dimensionally stable material then runs transversely to the firing direction or is arranged in the composite layer, so that a projectile must penetrate into the dimensionally stable material in any case.
the spatial structure can also form cavities that have channels or openings, wherein the cavities are infiltrated with the cast steel and preferably completely filled.
the dimensionally stable material can also have a geometrically unstructured structure with different form large cavities. This structure may be formed in the manner of a sponge or may be formed by sintering ceramic material. In principle, the dimensionally stable material can be formed in any conceivable structure, wherein the cavities can then also be formed by irregular columns in a random or unstructured spatial structure or distribution of the dimensionally stable material.
the spatial structure of channels or openings may be traversed, which allow or favor infiltration of the cavities of the spatial structure.
a honeycomb structure can be completely filled by the liquid steel in a casting of the composite layer and optionally the metal layer.
Metal layers on both sides of the composite layer can then also be connected directly to one another via the channels and openings.
the openings may, for example, be bores or any other type of openings which ensure that the spatial structure can be completely infiltrated with metal or steel.
the structure may be completely surrounded by the cast steel or partially form an outer surface of the composite armor.
the spatial structure can form spacers for arrangement in the mold, which are still visible after casting on the outer surface of the composite armor.
the outer surface is formed to a predominant proportion of cast steel.
the composite armor may form a fastening device, wherein the composite armor is then by means of the fastening device non-positively and / or positively fastened to a mounting base.
a suspension of the composite armor or armor plate on a mounting base which of a vehicle, in particular land vehicle, such as rail vehicle, road vehicle, off-road vehicle, watercraft, aircraft, such as helicopters, propeller aircraft, jet aircraft, and spacecraft, may be easily mounted.
a fastening device can be formed as an extension on the composite armor, wherein the fastening device can preferably be formed on a rear side of the composite armor facing away from a firing direction.
the composite armor is formed of at least one metal layer and at least one composite layer, wherein the metal layer is formed of cast steel, wherein the composite layer of a dimensionally stable in liquid steel material, which forming a spatial structure, and a matrix material, which fills the spatial structure is formed, wherein the matrix material is cast steel, wherein the composite layer is formed by casting steel into a mold in which the spatial structure is arranged, wherein the cast steel as a Alloy component contains 4 to 30, preferably up to 21 percent by weight of manganese, wherein the cast steel has a predominantly bainitic, austenitic and / or martensitic structure.
a temperature of the cast steel in a range of +/- 1 to 5 degrees Celsius is constant.
the cast steel of the metal layer can be provided to subject the cast steel of the metal layer to cold deformation.
a bainitic or austenitic structure hardened in an advantageous manner and optionally converted into a martensitic structure.
the cold deformation can be carried out so that the metal layer, based on a layer thickness of the metal layer, at least partially work hardened.
a first layer of the metal layer can then be made comparatively hard, and a second layer of the metal layer comparatively tough.
cast steel with 4 to 30, preferably up to 21 percent by weight of manganese is used as an alloy constituent and with a predominantly bainitic, austenitic and / or martensitic structure for forming a metal layer of a composite armor. This results in a completely new use of the relevant cast steel, in particular for armor plates for protection against projectiles.
the cast steel may be used to form the metal layer and at least one composite layer of the composite armor, wherein the composite layer may be formed of a material stable in liquid steel forming a spatial structure and the cast steel as a matrix material filling the spatial structure, wherein the composite layer may be formed by casting steel into a mold in which the spatial structure is arranged.
the Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a composite armor 10, which is in the form of a plate 11.
the composite armor 10 is formed of a metal layer 12 and a composite layer 13.
the composite layer 13 is arranged opposite a bombardment direction 14.
the metal layer 12 thus forms a rear side 15 of the composite armor 10.
the metal layer 12 is formed of cast steel and the composite layer 13 of a ceramic material, not shown here, which forms a spatial structure, and of cast steel as a matrix material.
the cast steel of the composite layer 13 and the cast steel of the metal layer 12 are identical, but this does not necessarily have to be the case.
the composite armor 10 is obtained in that the ceramic material is used in a casting mold, not shown here, or arranged in this, wherein the mold is poured with steel.
the principle of the production of composite materials by casting with cast steel is in the WO 2014/041409 A2 described which relates to a different subject area. It is essential that the cast steel of the composite armor 10 contains as an alloying component 4 to 30, in the example shown 10 percent by mass of manganese.
the cast steel has a predominantly austenitic structure, which is converted by the impact of a projectile into a martensitic structure. The conversion is carried out by a plastic deformation of the cast steel and at least partial strain hardening thereof, which gives a tensile strength and hardness increased the steel casting. Further, the ceramic material of the composite layer 13 is fragmented upon penetration of a projectile into the composite layer 13, whereby a substantial part of an impact energy is absorbed or consumed.
destruction of the ceramic material need not be limited to any impact location. It can also come through a so-called shock transmission to a large-scale destruction of the spatial structure.
the above-described hardening of the metal layer 12 takes place in the region of the point of impact. In this case, a notched impact strength around the impact point around is not significantly reduced, since there is hardly any hardening. A dielectric strength of the composite armor 10 against projectiles can thus be significantly improved.
the Fig. 2 shows a composite armor 16 in contrast to the composite armor Fig. 1 the composite layer 13 is accommodated between two metal layers 12.
the Fig. 3 shows a composite armor 17 with two composite layers 13 which are each received between metal layers 12.
the Fig. 4 shows a composite armor 18 at the unlike the composite armor Fig. 2 a further metal layer 19 is formed thicker than the metal layer 12.
the Fig. 5 shows a schematic sectional view of a composite armor 20, wherein on a rear side 21 of the composite armor 20, a fastening device 22 is formed as a projection 23.
the projection 23 is hook-shaped, so that it can be hooked into a likewise hook-shaped mounting base 24.
the Fig. 6 shows a fastening device 25 in contrast to the fastening device Fig. 5 another, hook-shaped projection 26 has.
the Fig. 7 shows a fastening device 27 with a T-shaped projection 28th
the Fig. 8 shows a fastening device 29 with a dovetail-shaped projection 30th
the Fig. 9 shows a fastening device 31 with projections 32 which have a substantially semicircular recess 33.
the Fig. 10 shows a spatial structure 34 of a ceramic material, in particular of aluminum oxide.
the ceramic material is formed from a first component having a base of alumina in ⁇ -form and a second component having a base containing a eutectic composition of alumina in ⁇ -form and zirconia, wherein the first and the second component by means of a binder, preferably a metallic binder or silicates.
a binder preferably a metallic binder or silicates.
Other embodiments and a preparation of the ceramic material are known from EP 1 663 548 B1 known, which relates to a different subject area.
the spatial structure 34 forms a honeycomb structure 35, which extends transversely or orthogonally to a bombardment direction of a composite armor not shown here.
the spatial structure 34 of the ceramic material forms cavities 36 and 37, which are infiltrated with cast steel to form the composite layer and preferably completely filled.
the Fig. 11 shows a spatial structure 38 of ceramic material, which is formed of plate-shaped layers 39, wherein between the layers 39 cavities 40 are formed for filling with cast steel.
the Fig. 12 shows a spatial structure 41, the rectangular cavities 42 forms.
the Fig. 13 shows a spatial structure 43 has the cavities 44 in the form of a respective bore 45.
the Fig. 14 shows a spatial structure 46, which is formed in the manner of a sponge 47 or by sintering of ceramic material. Irregularly large interspaces 48 of the spatial structure 46 form corresponding cavities 49.
the Fig. 15 shows a composite armor 50 having two metal layers 51 and a composite layer 52 received between the two metal layers 51.
a ceramic material of the composite layer 52 forms a spatial structure 53, similar to the one in FIG Fig. 10 shown spatial structure, from.
openings 54 are formed, so that the spatial structure 53 can be completely penetrated by the cast steel of the metal layers 51 or filled in a casting.
the metal layers 51 are therefore directly connected to each other.
the openings 54 may be, for example, a bore or any other type of opening which ensures that the spatial structure 53 can be completely infiltrated with cast steel.
the Fig. 16 shows a manganese-carbon diagram from which it can be seen at what levels of manganese and carbon, an austenitic, bainitic or martensitic structure of cast steel of a composite armor can be formed.

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Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

EP17180907.2A 2016-07-15 2017-07-12 Blindage et son procédé de fabrication Active EP3270093B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE102016008522		2016-07-15
DE102016117071.2A DE102016117071A1 (de)	2016-07-15	2016-09-12	Verbundpanzerung und Verfahren zur Herstellung

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP3270093A1 true EP3270093A1 (fr)	2018-01-17
EP3270093B1 EP3270093B1 (fr)	2020-03-04

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EP17180907.2A Active EP3270093B1 (fr)	2016-07-15	2017-07-12	Blindage et son procédé de fabrication

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN117483719A (zh) *	2023-11-09	2024-02-02	苏州朗威电子机械股份有限公司	一种具有碳化物陶瓷夹层的复合钢板的制备装置及工艺

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CN117483719A (zh) *	2023-11-09	2024-02-02	苏州朗威电子机械股份有限公司	一种具有碳化物陶瓷夹层的复合钢板的制备装置及工艺
CN117483719B (zh) *	2023-11-09	2024-04-16	苏州朗威电子机械股份有限公司	一种具有碳化物陶瓷夹层的复合钢板的制备装置及工艺

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EP3270093B1 (fr)	2020-03-04

Publication	Publication Date	Title
DE10157487C1 (de)	2003-06-18	Faserverstärkter Verbundkörper für Schutzpanzerungen, seine Herstellung und Verwendungen
DE4223895C1 (de)	1994-03-17	Verfahren zur Herstellung von dicken Panzerblechen
DE1213305B (de)	1966-03-24	Panzerplatte, insbesondere zum Schutz gegen Panzergranaten und gegen Hohlladungen
DE2162692A1 (de)	1973-06-28	Flaechenfoermiges schutzgebilde
DE102004026515A1 (de)	2005-12-15	Keramische Panzerplatte, Panzersystem und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer keramischen Panzerplatte
DE4005904A1 (de)	1991-08-29	Als panzerung dienendes verbundbauteil
WO2014206772A1 (fr)	2014-12-31	Barreau de crible, crible à barreaux et procédé de fabrication d'un barreau de crible
DE102009053349A1 (de)	2011-05-19	Panzerstahlbauteil
EP3153810B1 (fr)	2018-05-02	Composant de blindage de véhicule
EP3270093B1 (fr)	2020-03-04	Blindage et son procédé de fabrication
DE102016117071A1 (de)	2018-01-18	Verbundpanzerung und Verfahren zur Herstellung
DE10016798B4 (de)	2006-05-04	Verwendung eines warmgewalzten verschleißfesten austenitischen Manganstahlbleches
EP3115134A1 (fr)	2017-01-11	Procédé de fabrication d'une tôle composite constituée d'un composite métallique multi-couches, tôle composite multi-couches et utilisation d'une telle tôle composite
EP3754290B1 (fr)	2022-05-11	Procédé de fabrication d'un composant de blindage pour véhicules automobiles
EP2053340B1 (fr)	2013-03-13	Elément de blindage composite plat
EP0994084A1 (fr)	2000-04-19	Blindage de protection
EP3499173B1 (fr)	2021-04-28	Plaque de blindage et son procédé de fabrication
EP1463916A1 (fr)	2004-10-06	Protection contre les mines antichar con ue pour des vehicules blindes
DE102011109660B3 (de)	2013-01-17	Formbauteil zu Panzerungszwecken und dessen Herstellungsverfahren
WO2020119981A1 (fr)	2020-06-18	Produit en acier comportant une grande capacité d'absorption d'énergie lors d'une sollicitation brusque et utilisation d'un tel produit en acier
DE102017129793A1 (de)	2019-06-13	Panzerungsbauteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Panzerungsbauteils
DE19856597B4 (de)	2004-07-08	Schutzpanzerung
DE112022005944T5 (de)	2024-10-10	Neuartige funktional abgestufte kugelsichere Multiphasen-Hybridpanzerung
EP0378986A1 (fr)	1990-07-25	Appui
DE10303351B3 (de)	2004-09-23	Bauteil aus Metall/Keramik-Verbundwerkstoff mit intermetallischer Matrix, dessen Verwendung als Panzermaterial und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

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