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EP3252375B1 - Chaudière, son procédé de fonctionnement et d'utilisation - Google Patents

Chaudière, son procédé de fonctionnement et d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3252375B1
EP3252375B1 EP17172310.9A EP17172310A EP3252375B1 EP 3252375 B1 EP3252375 B1 EP 3252375B1 EP 17172310 A EP17172310 A EP 17172310A EP 3252375 B1 EP3252375 B1 EP 3252375B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drums
boiler
water
boiler plant
steam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17172310.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3252375A1 (fr
Inventor
Luca Viscuso
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH
Original Assignee
Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH filed Critical Erk Eckrohrkessel GmbH
Priority to RS20221082A priority Critical patent/RS63858B1/sr
Publication of EP3252375A1 publication Critical patent/EP3252375A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3252375B1 publication Critical patent/EP3252375B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/225—Arrangements on drums or collectors for fixing tubes or for connecting collectors to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F22B21/36—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler system with at least two upper drums, which is also referred to as a quick-start boiler.
  • Thick-walled components such as drums and collectors are significant limitations for regular, rapid start-up of boiler systems and the rapid load change capability. Wall thicknesses are dictated by operating pressure and high pressures are required to optimize efficiencies. Thick-walled components have to be heated up slowly due to the thermal stresses that occur, and this is in direct contradiction to rapid start-up and load changes. Due to their design, once-through boilers do not have a drum, but instead have thick-walled collectors. However, such systems are used almost exclusively in large power plants with supercritical steam parameters. For subcritical applications, e.g. B. Industrial technology, decentralized power generation plants, gas turbine power plants with waste heat boilers and power plants up to approx. 350 MW, the use of natural circulation and forced circulation boilers is dominant and these have thick-walled drum and collector components at high pressures.
  • the DE 971 951 B describes a boiler with two upper drums. This includes two separate systems, so the two drums are used in two separate water circuits.
  • the documents FR 621 429 A , U.S.A. 4,262,637 , DE 975 718 C also disclose a boiler system with two top drums.
  • Claim 1 describes a boiler plant according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a boiler system for heating a medium, in particular natural circulation or forced circulation boilers or waste heat boilers, particularly preferably corner tube boilers, comprising downpipes, collectors, distributors and risers, which form at least part of a circuit of a medium to be heated, with at least two drums connected to the circuit are connected for separating the water-steam mixture into steam and water.
  • the invention relates in particular to natural and forced circulation boilers firing solids and/or liquid and/or gaseous fuels and to waste heat boiler systems with one or more pressure levels.
  • this invention proposes distributing the drum volume over at least 2 upper drums.
  • It is preferably a two-drum system, which is used in particular to heat water for the purpose of generating hot water and/or steam.
  • the boiler pressure hull is formed by a stable, rectangularly arranged framework of downcomers, collectors and distributors.
  • the latter two are welded to smoke gas-tight pipe walls, creating a self-contained pipe body. This supports itself and all welded or separately mounted heating surfaces.
  • the load is transferred to foundations via four downpipes at the corners and, if necessary, also via additional downpipes on the sides.
  • the water-steam mixture is already separated in pre-separators outside the drum. From there, the steam reaches the drum through overflow pipes and the water-steam mixture flows through pre-separators directly to the drum. The remaining water bypasses the drum and goes down to the distributor via the return pipes.
  • a defined volume is required in a boiler to separate steam.
  • this volume is divided between the at least two arranged drums, which are fluidically connected.
  • More than two drums can be arranged, up to any number of drums.
  • ready-made pipes can take over the function of the drum, resulting in a "poly drum".
  • the steam is separated from the water, such as the sidewall of headers.
  • the pressure is the same in both or all of the drums, and all of the drums are connected to the same water circuit. Due to the connection on the water and steam side, both or all drums have the same pressure and are connected to the same pressure stage.
  • the ratio of the diameter D to the wall thickness s of the drum is: D/s ⁇ 15.
  • D/s ⁇ 18 is preferred.
  • D/s is 20 to 22.
  • At least one of the drums has a collector function.
  • At least one mixture collector is designed as a drum.
  • the mixture collector can be designed with a front and a rear outlet.
  • the vapor extraction from the mixture collector can take place in a vapor collector.
  • a plurality of collectors are preferably arranged, the wall thickness of which is reduced in comparison to the conventional drum. If several mixture collectors are designed as drums, it may be possible to dispense with the arrangement of a conventional drum. In this case, the result is a drumless corner tube boiler in which the volume for steam-water separation is made available in the several mixture collectors designed as drums.
  • the drums are arranged in the high-pressure part of the boiler plant, i. H. in a part of the plant designed for operation above 40 bar.
  • drums designed according to the invention are also arranged in the low-pressure area.
  • the arrangement in different pressure levels is also possible.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a boiler system according to the invention, in which heat is generated in the boiler system and is transferred to a medium, in particular water, in the circuit and the water-steam mixture is separated into steam and water in both drums .
  • the invention also relates to the use of a boiler system according to the invention for generating heat and for transferring the heat to a medium, in particular water.
  • the main advantage of the volume division according to the invention lies in the reduction of the drum diameter and consequently the drum wall thickness.
  • Another advantage of the system is the reduced boiler weight, since two upper drums are lighter than one large drum due to the thinner walls in each case.
  • the two upper drums improve the descent times, i. H. same sinking time (time between maximum and minimum water level in the drum) with a smaller drum diameter and drum wall thickness.
  • a low absolute wall thickness is possible, which enables rapid up and down movement in short times of up to 1 minute, since the resulting thermal stresses in the tubes are significantly lower than in thick-walled drums due to the smaller wall thicknesses.
  • the wall thickness depends on the outer diameter.
  • Rapid ramping up and down is particularly important in gas and steam processes and when using solar thermal energy, since rapid load changes occur.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 show conventional designs of corner tube boilers as the state of the art. It can be seen that different drum sizes are possible.
  • the corner tube boilers each comprise a drum 1 and several downcomers 2. On the upper side they comprise an overflow pipe 3 and mixture collector 4 and on the lower side distributor 5.
  • FIG 3 shows a corner tube boiler according to the invention with two overhead drums 1. These are fluidically connected to one another and arranged in the same water-steam circuit. It can be seen that the two drums 1 provide the same volume as the large drum 1 2 , but manage with smaller wall thicknesses. Furthermore, the weight of the drums 1 is reduced here and is only 148.2 t compared to the version in 2 with 161.7 t.
  • FIG. 4 shows a corner tube boiler according to the invention in a perspective view. Two drums 1 are visible at the top left, in the high-pressure part, while only one drum 1 is arranged at the top right, in the low-pressure part.
  • the corner tube boilers shown comprise several downpipes 2. On the upper side they comprise an overflow tube 3 and mixture collector 4 and on the lower side distributor 5. In contrast to conventional corner tube boilers, however, they have two drums 1 on the upper side.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Chaudière destinée à chauffer un milieu, en particulier chaudière à circulation naturelle ou chaudière à circulation forcée ou chaudière de récupération, de manière particulièrement préférée chaudière à tubes d'angle, comprenant des tubes de chute, des collecteurs, des distributeurs et des tubes de montée, qui forment au moins une partie d'un circuit d'un milieu à chauffer, au moins deux tambours (1) pour une séparation du mélange eau-vapeur en vapeur et en eau étant raccordés au circuit, caractérisée en ce que le rapport entre le diamètre D et l'épaisseur de paroi s du tambour est de : D/s ≥ 15, les tambours (1) étant disposés dans la partie haute pression de la chaudière, c'est-à-dire dans une partie de l'installation qui est conçue pour un fonctionnement à plus de 40 bar, et en ce que le diamètre D des tambours par rapport à la longueur L des tambours est de : D/L = 0,03 à 0,05, en particulier 0,05 à 0,3.
  2. Chaudière selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle au moins un des tambours (1) a une fonction de collecteur.
  3. Procédé de fonctionnement d'une chaudière selon une des revendications 1 et 2, dans laquelle de la chaleur est générée dans la chaudière et est transférée à un milieu, en particulier de l'eau, dans le circuit et une séparation du mélange eau-vapeur en vapeur et en eau est effectuée dans les deux tambours (1).
  4. Utilisation d'une chaudière selon une des revendications 1 et 2 pour la génération de chaleur et le transfert à un milieu, en particulier à de l'eau.
EP17172310.9A 2016-05-25 2017-05-22 Chaudière, son procédé de fonctionnement et d'utilisation Active EP3252375B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RS20221082A RS63858B1 (sr) 2016-05-25 2017-05-22 Kotlarnica, postupak za rad kotlarnice i upotreba kotlarnice

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016109631 2016-05-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3252375A1 EP3252375A1 (fr) 2017-12-06
EP3252375B1 true EP3252375B1 (fr) 2022-08-31

Family

ID=58772417

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17172310.9A Active EP3252375B1 (fr) 2016-05-25 2017-05-22 Chaudière, son procédé de fonctionnement et d'utilisation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3252375B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3252375T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2932027T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3252375T3 (fr)
RS (1) RS63858B1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR621429A (fr) * 1926-07-17 1927-05-11 Ets Delaunay Belleville Sa Chaudière à vapeur
DE975718C (de) * 1949-11-01 1962-06-20 Ferdinand Lentjes Wasserrohrkessel
DE971951C (de) 1953-04-18 1959-04-23 Ver Kesselwerke Ag Strahlungskessel fuer grosse Leistungen mit zwei Obertrommeln
US4262637A (en) * 1979-08-09 1981-04-21 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Vapor generator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RS63858B1 (sr) 2023-01-31
DK3252375T3 (da) 2022-12-05
EP3252375A1 (fr) 2017-12-06
ES2932027T3 (es) 2023-01-09
PL3252375T3 (pl) 2022-12-27

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