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EP3247965B1 - Verbesserter wärmetauscher mit rohren und rippen und verfahren zur herstellung solch eines wärmetauschers - Google Patents

Verbesserter wärmetauscher mit rohren und rippen und verfahren zur herstellung solch eines wärmetauschers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3247965B1
EP3247965B1 EP16700929.9A EP16700929A EP3247965B1 EP 3247965 B1 EP3247965 B1 EP 3247965B1 EP 16700929 A EP16700929 A EP 16700929A EP 3247965 B1 EP3247965 B1 EP 3247965B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
fin
heat exchanger
tubes
collar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16700929.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3247965A1 (de
Inventor
Patrick Boisselle
Samuel BRY
Erwan ETIENNE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Publication of EP3247965A1 publication Critical patent/EP3247965A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2235/00—Means for filling gaps between elements, e.g. between conduits within casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • F28F2275/025—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials by using adhesives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
    • F28F2275/125—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by bringing elements together and expanding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more particularly to a mechanical type heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method of manufacturing such a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • a heat exchanger generally comprises tubes, in which a heat transfer fluid is intended to circulate, and heat exchange elements connected to these tubes.
  • Brazed and mechanical type heat exchangers are usually distinguished by their manufacturing process.
  • the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes by soldering.
  • the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes by crimping, without soldering, that is to say without adding material.
  • the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes in the following manner.
  • Each tube and / or interlayer is coated with a solder layer.
  • the tubes and spacers are placed in a common support by arranging them relative to each other in their substantially definitive relative positions. This support is necessary to keep between them the tubes and the interleaves because they are not yet interconnected.
  • placing the assembly comprising the support and the various elements it contains in an oven so as to heat the assembly, cause the solder to melt and thus connect the tubes and the spacers between them. Note that this last heating step is in a neutral and confined atmosphere.
  • the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes in the following manner.
  • the holes are formed in the fins passage tubes. These passage holes are generally delimited each by a fallen edge forming a neck.
  • the fins are arranged substantially parallel to each other and each tube is threaded into a series of aligned holes of the fins.
  • it causes a radial expansion of the tubes by passing an expansion tool inside these tubes so as to mechanically bind the tubes and fins by crimping, the necks defining the passage holes of the tubes then forming tight collars around the tubes.
  • the method of manufacturing a mechanical type heat exchanger does not require, for the assembly of fins and tubes together, solder, that is to say material supply. Moreover, such a method does not include a complex heating step in a neutral and confined atmosphere.
  • a mechanical type heat exchanger is generally less expensive to manufacture than a brazed type heat exchanger.
  • the purpose of the invention is to eliminate as much as possible the undesirable interstices between the tubes and the fins that are clamped around the tubes of a mechanical heat exchanger, this with inexpensive means, and without having to significantly modify the method of manufacture of this heat exchanger.
  • the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger according to the statement of claim 1.
  • the fins are connected to the tubes by crimping, as is usual for a mechanical type heat exchanger.
  • the main steps of a method for manufacturing a mechanical type heat exchanger are therefore preserved.
  • each tube and / or each fin of the heat exchanger allows effective clogging of a possible defect of contact between the tube and the collar.
  • the exchanger according to the invention has no or only very few gaps between the fin and the tube into which air can infiltrate.
  • the performance of the heat exchanger is greatly improved. It has been possible to note a power gain potential of the order of 8% on average and of the order of 15% in the case of a large flow of the fluid flowing in the tube.
  • the thickness of the clogging material layer is less than 50 micrometers.
  • the clogging material has a melting temperature of less than 300 ° C.
  • the sealing material has a melting temperature below 300 ° C makes it possible to ensure its melting at a much lower temperature than those used in a soldering process of a brazed type heat exchanger.
  • the tubes and fins of the heat exchanger being made generally in an aluminum alloy whose melting temperature is well above 300 ° C, the heating of the caulking material does not risk causing unwanted local fusions of the tubes and fins or an alteration of their mechanical characteristics by thermal action.
  • the heating temperature of the sealing material therefore does not affect the mechanical strength of a mechanical heat exchanger, the tubes are crimped in the fins, as could be done against the temperatures involved in the processes brazing which are of the order of 500 ° C or more.
  • the clogging material is an alloy comprising essentially tin.
  • An alloy consisting essentially of tin has a low melting point, is inexpensive and a good conductor of heat. The use of this alloy therefore lends itself well to the implementation of the invention.
  • the collar is formed by a fallen edge of the fin.
  • the tube and the fin are made of the same single-alloy material, for example an alloy material mainly comprising aluminum.
  • the tube and the fin are each made of two different materials, each of these materials nevertheless being an alloy material comprising mainly aluminum.
  • the melt sealing material easily fills the gaps forming contact defects between the tube and the collar.
  • the sealing material is heated to cause melting by means of a hot air flow.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is intended to equip a motor vehicle.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises tubes 12, in which a conventional heat transfer fluid is intended to circulate, and heat exchange elements 14 connected to these tubes 12.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is of the mechanical type. More particularly, the tubes 12 are connected to the heat exchange elements, referred to in this case as fins 14, by crimping the tubes 12 in flanges 16 formed in the fins 14. Crimp here is the embedding of the tubes in the fins as previously described so that the tubes are found tight in the fins at the fins.
  • the fins are provided with holes 18 through which the tubes 12 pass. These passage holes 18 are each delimited by a fallen edge forming a neck 20.
  • the tubes 12 each have a generally elongated shape and have a substantially oval section.
  • the tubes 12 are arranged substantially parallel to each other, so as to form a single row.
  • the fins 14 have a substantially flat general shape and are arranged in the heat exchanger 10 substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal directions of the tubes 12.
  • Each tube 12 is threaded into a series of holes 18 aligned with the fins 14.
  • the tubes 12 are clamped in the necks 20 through which they pass, so that these necks 20 form the collars 16.
  • the tubes 12 and the fins 14 are made of the same mono-alloy material, more particularly an alloy material comprising mainly aluminum.
  • each tube 12 is coated with a layer of material 22 separate from the materials of the tubes and fins.
  • this layer of material 22 is represented on only one of the tubes 12 of the figure 1 .
  • it is the fins which are coated with a layer of material 22 distinct from the materials of the tubes and fins.
  • the tubes and the fins are coated with a layer of material 22 distinct from the materials of the tubes and fins.
  • this layer of material 22 is less than 50 micrometers.
  • This layer 22 forms a reserve of clogging material 22 of a possible fault of contact between the tube 12 that it covers and each collar 16 through which the tube 12.
  • This sealing material 22 is melt-activatable.
  • the sealing material 22 has a melting temperature of less than 300 ° C.
  • the clogging material 22 is for example an alloy comprising essentially tin.
  • the clogging material 22 When the clogging material 22 is activated by melting, it flows, by capillarity, into the interstices 24 and the mouth. So, as we can see on the figure 2 , the sealing material 22 closes the interstices 24 so as to ensure a quality thermal connection between the tube 12 and the collar 16.
  • the filling of the interstices can be observed under an optical microscope.
  • the fact that the sealing material 22 filling the interstices 24 results from solidification of this material after melting can be observed by micrography, the melting having modified its microstructure.
  • the heat exchanger 10 according to the invention is simple to manufacture because it takes up most of the steps of a conventional manufacturing process of a mechanical type exchanger.
  • each tube 12 Prior to the connection of each tube 12 to the fins 14, this tube 12 is coated with a layer of clogging material 22.
  • the clogging material layer 22 may be applied over the entire outer surface of the tube or only a portion thereof. Similarly, in the modes of wherein the fins are coated with a layer of material, the layer of clogging material 22 may be applied over the entire surface of the fin or only a portion thereof.
  • each tube 12 is first inserted into the aligned through holes 18 of the fins 14.
  • the sealing material 22 is heated so as to cause its fusion and the clogging of a possible defect of contact between the tube 12 and each collar 16.
  • the sealing material 22 has a melting temperature below 300 ° C, it is generally possible to carry out the heating step by means of a hot air flow, which is sufficient to cause the sealing material 22 to melt. .
  • This heating mode has the advantage of not requiring an expensive or complex installation. In addition, it does not call into question the rigidity of the structure of the heat exchanger 10, which avoids the use of support means for the tubes 12 and the fins 14.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Wärmetauscher bestehend aus mindestens einem Rohr (12) und mindestens einer Rippe (14), wobei das Rohr (12) mit der Rippe durch Crimpverbindung dieses Rohrs in einer Manschette (16) in dieser Rippe (14) verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohr und/oder die Manschette mit einer anderen Materialschicht (22) als der des Rohrs und der Manschette beschichtet ist, wobei diese Schicht eine Reserve für Verdichtungsmaterial (22) für einen eventuell mangelhaften Kontakt zwischen dem Rohr (12) und der Manschette (16) bildet und dieses Verdichtungsmaterial durch Schmelze aktiviert werden kann.
  2. Wärmetauscher gemäß Anspruch 1, in dem die Schichtstärke des Verdichtungsmaterials (22) weniger als 50 Mikrometer beträgt.
  3. Wärmetauscher gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei dem das Verdichtungsmaterial (22) eine Schmelztemperatur von weniger als 300 °C aufweist.
  4. Wärmetauscher gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem das Verdichtungsmaterial (22) eine Legierung ist, die im Wesentlichen aus Zinn besteht.
  5. Wärmetauscher gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei dem die Manschette (16) aus einem Randflansch der Rippe (14) gebildet wird.
  6. Wärmetauscher gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem das Rohr (12) und die Rippe (14) aus dem gleichen Einzellegierungsmaterial gebildet werden, beispielsweise einem Legierungsmaterial, das in erster Linie aus Aluminium besteht.
  7. Herstellungsverfahren für einen Wärmetauscher, der mindestens ein Rohr (12) und mindestens eine Rippe (14) des Typs umfasst, in dem man das Rohr (12) mit der Rippe (14) durch Crimpverbindung dieses Rohrs (12) in einer Manschette (16) verbindet, die in der Rippe (14) angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - man vor der Verbindung des Rohrs (12) mit der Rippe (14) dieses Rohr (12) und/oder diese Rippe (14) mit einer anderen Materialschicht (22) als der des Rohrs (12) und der Rippe (14) beschichtet, wobei diese Schicht eine Reserve von Verdichtungsmaterial (22) für einen eventuell mangelhaften Kontakt zwischen dem Rohr (12) und der Manschette (16) bildet, wobei dieses Verdichtungsmaterial durch Schmelze aktiviert werden kann und
    - man nach Verbindung des Rohrs (12) mit der Rippe (14) durch Crimpverbindung dieses Rohrs (12) mit der Manschette (16) in der Rippe (14) das Verdichtungsmaterial (22) erhitzt, um das Verschmelzen hervorzurufen und ein eventuell mangelhafter Kontakt zwischen dem Rohr (12) und der Manschette (16) behoben werden kann.
  8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers gemäß Anspruch 7, bei dem das Verdichtungsmaterial (22) erhitzt wird, um sein Verschmelzen mit Hilfe eines Heißluftstroms hervorzurufen.
  9. Herstellungsverfahren eines Wärmetauschers gemäß Anspruch 7 oder 8, bei dem zur Verbindung des Rohrs (12) mit der Rippe (14)
    - das Rohr in ein Loch (18) der Rippe eingeführt wird, welches die Manschette (16) bilden soll und
    - eine radiale Ausdehnung des Rohrs (12) vorzugsweise durch Einführen eines Aufweitungswerkzeugs in dieses Rohr (12) hervorgerufen wird, um mechanisch das Rohr und die Rippe durch Crimpverbindung zu verbinden, wobei die Manschette (16) um das Rohr (12) gepresst wird.
EP16700929.9A 2015-01-19 2016-01-19 Verbesserter wärmetauscher mit rohren und rippen und verfahren zur herstellung solch eines wärmetauschers Active EP3247965B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1550415A FR3031804B1 (fr) 2015-01-19 2015-01-19 Echangeur de chaleur ameliore a tubes et ailettes et procede de fabrication d'un tel echangeur de chaleur
PCT/EP2016/051041 WO2016116464A1 (fr) 2015-01-19 2016-01-19 Echangeur de chaleur amélioré à tubes et ailettes et procédé de fabrication d'un tel échangeur de chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3247965A1 EP3247965A1 (de) 2017-11-29
EP3247965B1 true EP3247965B1 (de) 2019-05-01

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EP16700929.9A Active EP3247965B1 (de) 2015-01-19 2016-01-19 Verbesserter wärmetauscher mit rohren und rippen und verfahren zur herstellung solch eines wärmetauschers

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP3247965B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3031804B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2016116464A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4520774B2 (ja) * 2003-12-15 2010-08-11 臼井国際産業株式会社 熱交換器
US20060108104A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-05-25 Jia-Hao Li Heat-dissipating fin set in combination with thermal pipe
US20130014917A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Tsung-Hsien Huang Heat pipe-attached heat sink with bottom radiation fins

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3247965A1 (de) 2017-11-29
FR3031804B1 (fr) 2018-07-27
WO2016116464A1 (fr) 2016-07-28
FR3031804A1 (fr) 2016-07-22

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