EP3198289A2 - Method for measuring or testing the performance of storage batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method for measuring and testing the performance of storage batteries by determining data and/or profiles characteristic of storage batteries, in a first measurement phase, a plurality of storage batteries (A1-A8) is connected in series to a power supply device (1) and to a load (2) and is charged and discharged at least once, first measured values are acquired from which data or profiles characteristic of the series-connected storage batteries (A1-A8) are established, the series connection is interrupted, and each individual storage battery (A1-A8) is successively connected to the power supply device (1) and to the load (2). In a second measurement phase, each storage battery (A1-A8) is fully charged and discharged at least once, and second measured values are acquired from which individual characteristic data or profiles are established for each storage battery (A1-A8).

Description

 Method for measuring or checking the performance of accumulators

description

The invention relates to a method for measuring or testing the performance of accumulators according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to claims 11 to 26.

For measuring accumulators, battery cells or battery packs, in particular for determining the performance or the energy content or the capacity at the end of a charging or discharging process and for determining the capacity degradation, increase in impedance and / or the internal resistance increase in a cyclization, ie in a continuous charging and unloading to induce accelerated aging of the accumulators, test methods are used in which the accumulators to be tested are subjected to standardized measurement parameters and from the respective measured values characteristics and profiles are determined which are characteristic of the performance of the accumulators. As measurement parameters, defined currents, voltages, powers, ambient temperatures, load profiles, typing profiles and temperature profiles are used and program-controlled with the help of control and measuring software, measuring and load profiles, aging profiles and degradation profiles. From the measured values, in particular from the charge and discharge current, the charging and discharging voltage and the temperature, the capacity or the energy content of the accumulators as well as due Zyklisierungsmessungen to induce accelerated aging Capacity degradation, impedance increase and internal resistance increase of the accumulators determined.

A disadvantage of the known test methods is the considerable amount of time required to determine the performance of individual accumulators. This is disturbing in the application of the known test methods for a selection of batteries for certain applications, but not acceptable in their application for checking numerous used in a large storage such as a battery power accumulators during operation of the large memory because of the required isolation of the batteries to be tested.

Object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring or testing the performance of accumulators by the determination of characteristics characteristic for accumulators and / or profiles, the testing of a variety of batteries with minimal time and effort and measurement of the accumulators in the Operation of a battery storage or battery power plant allows.

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1.

The solution according to the invention,

in a first measuring phase N accumulators connected in series to connect to a power supply device and to load together under predetermined predetermined first measurement parameters to a battery of the least capacity of N accumulators exhibiting is fully charged, one of the capacity of this accumulator stored reading stored and this accumulator of the Series circuit is disconnected,

 in a second measuring phase, recharge the remaining N - 1 accumulators until their full charge and store a measured value corresponding to the capacity of each of the N - 1 accumulators,

 in a third measuring phase, the N accumulators again connected in series to a load and to discharge under specification of predetermined second survey parameters until the battery having the least capacity of the accumulator is completely discharged and separated from the series circuit,

and in a fourth measuring phase to connect the not yet completely discharged N - 1 accumulators to the load and to discharge completely, allows in the first and third measurement phase due to the series connection of the batteries and the consequent common charging and discharging of the accumulators determination of the cycle life of the accumulators, that is, the number of charges and discharges of the accumulators until falling below a predetermined capacitance value, in the shortest possible possible time, with minimal effort for the production of a measuring device and minimal time for the assembly of the measuring device with the accumulators to be measured and the implementation of the measurements and removal of the measuring accumulators. Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that testing of accumulators in the installed state, ie in the operation of a battery storage is possible without the accumulators must be removed and measured in the disassembled state.

However, since the least capacity accumulator determines both the duration of charge and the duration of discharge of the series-connected accumulators, the remaining accumulators connected in series are not fully charged at the end of the first measurement phase or at the end of the third measurement phase not yet fully discharged. Accordingly, in the second measurement phase, the remaining N-1 accumulators are recharged to their full charge and a measured value corresponding to the capacity of each of the N-1 accumulators is stored. In the fourth measuring phase following the third measuring phase, the not yet completely discharged N - 1 accumulators are each connected to the load and likewise completely discharged.

The complete charging and discharging of the remaining N - 1 accumulators in the second and fourth measurement phases allows for two alternative embodiments.

In a first variant, with or without the disconnection of the series connection of the N-1 accumulators, the not yet fully charged accumulators are individually connected to the power supply device, recharged to their respective full charge, and a measured value corresponding to the capacity of each of the N-1 accumulators is obtained further determination of the individual cycle stability of the accumulators stored.

In the fourth measuring phase, with or without the disconnection of the series connection of the accumulators, the N-1 accumulators, which have not yet been completely discharged, are likewise individually connected to the load and completely discharged. In the second variant, in the second measuring phase, the remaining N-1 accumulators are recharged in series up to their respective capacity limit and one of the capacitance of that accumulator which has reached its capacity limit is stored, and this accumulator is stored by the series connection of the N-X accumulator - separated gates, where N and X are integers, N> 1 and 2 <X <N.

Analogously, in the fourth measurement phase, the N-1 accumulators, which have not yet been completely discharged, are connected in series to the load, completely discharged, and in each case that accumulator is disconnected from the series connection of the N-X accumulators, which is completely discharged.

This second variant allows a further saving of time, since after full charging of the accumulator of the series-connected accumulators with the lowest capacity in the second measuring phase, not each of the remaining accumulators is individually recharged until it reaches its capacity limit, but the remaining accumulators are recharged together until the the next accumulator reaches its capacity limit, the capacity value in question is stored and the remaining batteries are recharged until they reach their respective capacity limits and the relevant capacity values are stored in association with the individual accumulators.

In the same way, in the fourth measurement phase, the accumulators are first connected in series together via the load until the battery with the lowest capacity is completely discharged. This is taken out of the series circuit or circuitry isolated and the remaining batteries are further discharged until the next accumulator is completely discharged, etc.

From the application of both measuring methods, a measure of the cycle stability of the individual accumulators already results from a one-time complete charging and discharging of the accumulators in conjunction with corresponding empirical values or comparative measurements. By repeatedly charging and discharging the accumulators, the accuracy of the measurements can be increased, aging and degradation curves of the individual accumulators can be determined, whereby the time reduction due to the series connection of the accumulators in several charging / discharging operations accordingly exponentiated. As a criterion for reaching the capacity limit, the achievement of the end-of-charge voltage and as a criterion of the complete discharge of the batteries, the final discharge voltage is applied, wherein the first or second measurement parameters of the charging current, the charging voltage, the charging time, the charging power, the charging energy and the temperature of the series-connected accumulators or each individual accumulator and optionally additionally the ambient temperature are provided, wherein the charging time for the determination of the charge or capacity in ampere hours (Ah) and the energy in watt-hours (Wh) is required. In a fifth measurement phase, each of the N accumulators can be individually connected to the power supply device and load and charged at least once to determine its specific properties such as capacitance, impedance or internal resistance and to record measurement, load, temperature, aging and / or degradation curves and unloaded.

From the first or second measured values, the capacity and the energy content of each individual accumulator is determined, while individual measurement, load, aging and / or degradation profiles are created program-controlled by means of a control and measuring software from the second measured values for each individual accumulator.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in carrying out in the first or second measurement phase a preferably programmed, predetermined cyclization and / or load profile for accelerated aging, capacity degradation, impedance increase and internal resistance increase of the series-connected accumulators or each individual accumulator.

An apparatus for carrying out the method is by a holder for receiving accumulators of different dimensions and a switching device with controllable switches for series connection of the accumulators and connection of the series-connected accumulators to a power supply device, a load and a measuring device for separating the series circuit and individual Connecting each individual accumulator to the power supply device, the load and the measuring device, wherein the switching device contains at least one of the number of accumulators to be measured corresponding number of controllable switching contacts, with which in the first and third measurement phase, the accumulators in series to the power supply device to the load and can be connected to the measuring device and with which after the first measurement phase, the series circuit can be separated and in the second and fourth measurement phase, each individual accumulator to the power supply device, to the load and the measuring device can be connected.

As the load, an electronic load is preferably used, which is a current sink, in which, in contrast to the load with a fixed resistor with which only a certain load current can be set at a certain resistance, a load current in a defined range electronically controlled is adjustable.

For zero point reduction when charging and discharging the batteries of the negative pole of the electronic load is connected to the negative pole of a voltage source whose positive pole is connected via a Z-diode to the negative pole of the power supply device. In order to connect the batteries with little equipment and space to only one power supply device, an (electronic) load and a measuring device, the switching contacts consist of a relay circuit with a number of relay contacts, which is twice the number of series-connected batteries, with a the first measuring sensor for detecting the first and second measured values is connected to an electrical contact of a first accumulator and further measuring sensors are connected to the connections of the electrical contacts of the series-connected accumulators.

To minimize the time required when connecting the batteries to the measuring device, the charging and measuring contacts of the measuring probe consist of push-pin contacts, so that the contacting of the accumulators can take place without screws, clamps or soldered connections.

The push-pin contacts contain a contact surface which has a surface structure formed in the manner of a waffle iron, so that a very good contact is ensured for the transmission of even high currents with simple handling for contacting. The waffle-iron-shaped surface structure ensures that even oxide layers or dirt deposits are penetrated for proper contact.

To minimize the expenditure on measuring equipment, the holder has infinitely adjustable receivers for accumulators of a certain type of accumulator with different external dimensions and / or distances of the electrical contacts of the accumulators, thereby the manufacturing cost of measuring devices is minimized and easy handling and correct alignment of the batteries to be measured or tested in the measuring device is ensured. Due to the different geometry of the most important types of accumulators, holders are provided for so-called "pouch cells" and for prismatic accumulators or accumulator cells.

A first holder for accumulators designed as pouch cells consists of a box-shaped frame with a bottom plate, a cover plate and at least one guide plate between the cover plate and the bottom plate, wherein the cover plate and the at least one guide plate guide slots for receiving the pouch cells, wherein the length the guide slots corresponds to the maximum width of pouch cells. Preferably, the at least one guide plate in the plane rotatable by 180 ° in the space formed between the cover plate and the bottom plate used such that arranged in one orientation of the guide plate for receiving long pouch cells arranged in the guide plate guide slots with those in the cover plate Guide slots are aligned and in the other orientation of the guide plate for receiving short Pouchzellen arranged in the guide plate guide slots are arranged offset to the arranged in the cover plate guide slots.

The holder of the invention allows a continuously variable adjustment for receiving Pouchzellen different Au ßenabmessungen, with the adjustability results on the guide slots whose length corresponds to the maximum width of commercial Pouchzellen. In order to hold short and long pouch cells, a variably deployable and height-adjustable guide plate is provided on the short Pouchzellen due to the offset of the guide slots of the guide plate against the guide slots of the cover plate, while aligned alignment of the guide slots of the cover plate and guide plate long pouch cells on the Bottom plate come to rest.

The electrical contact for charging and discharging the pouch cells and the contacting of the probe takes place via push-pin contacts, regardless of the respective size of the pouch cells, since the contact lugs of the pouch cells are each of equal size. For prismatic accumulators, a second holder consists of a carrier plate with receptacles for the prismatic accumulators and infinitely adjustable guide rails for guiding measuring and charging contact carriers which are adjustable parallel to the level of the electrical contacts of the accumulators, wherein the receptacles for the prismatic accumulators Guide pins and attacks exist whose position on the support plate to the outer dimensions of the prismatic accumulators is customizable.

In order to allow measuring of accumulators at defined ambient temperatures, the brackets are dimensioned so that they can be used in a heating cabinet, with which the corresponding environmental conditions can be produced.

On the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing, the idea on which the invention is based and variants of the method according to the invention which can be derived from it as well as the device for carrying out the method of the invention will be explained in more detail for this method. Show it:

1 is a circuit diagram of a measuring device for measuring accumulators at

 Application of the method according to the invention; Fig. 2 shows a detail of the circuit diagram of the measuring device according to FIG. 1 for

 Measuring of accumulators when using the second variant of the method according to the invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the charging process when connected in series

 Accumulators after full charge of the battery with the lowest capacity;

4 shows a perspective view of a measuring device with a holder set for measuring long pouch cells; 5 and 6 show a top view and side view of the measuring device for measuring long pouch cells according to FIG. 4;

7 is an enlarged view of the section V of FIG. 6. 8 shows a perspective view of the measuring device according to FIGS. 4 to 5 with an adjustment of the holder for measuring short pouch cells; 9 is a perspective view of a measuring device for measuring prismatic accumulators; 10 to 12 different views of the measuring device of FIG. 9 for measuring prismatic batteries and

FIGS. 13 to 16 different recorded with measuring devices according to FIGS. 4 to 12

 Measurement curves.

1 shows a circuit diagram of a device for measuring accumulators or accumulator cells with a power supply device 1, an electronic load 2, a control device 3 for driving an interface 4, both with a switching device 5 and with a measuring device for controlling measuring points MP. 1 until MP 8 is connected. A holder 6 serves to receive a plurality of accumulators A1 to A8 and the measuring points MP 1 to MP 8, the contacts of the accumulators A1 to A8 being connected to individual switching contacts k1 to k16 of the switching device 5 and to the measuring points MP 1 to MP 8. The power supply device 1 consists of four output side parallel rectifiers for delivering a DC voltage to the switching device 5 with charging and discharging in the range of, for example, 0 to 15 kW, a charging current in the range of 0 to 200 A and charging voltages in the range of 0 to 600 V. In order to apply the required charging currents and charging voltages, the power supply device 1 can consist of a larger number of rectifiers connected in parallel, which deliver the maximum charging voltage of 600 V and the maximum charging current of 200 A.

The electronic load 2, which is characterized as a variable resistor, receives a load current which can be adjusted electronically in a defined range and is dimensioned such that it discharges in the range of 0 to 15 kW, discharges in the range of 0 to 200 A and discharges in the range of 0 to 600V can record. The electronic load 2 can be regulated very quickly and can perform exact and defined charging and discharging even with high currents and low voltages. The power supply device 1 and the electronic load 2 are connected via a series resistor R1 to the switching device 5. For zero point reduction during charging and discharging of the accumulators A1-A8, the electronic load 2 is connected to a voltage source 15 whose positive pole is connected via a Zener diode D1 to the negative pole of the power supply device 1 or the negative terminal terminals of the accumulators A1 to A8 and their Negative pole is connected to the negative terminal of the electronic load 2.

The holder 6 accommodates in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 eight series-connected accumulators A1 to A8, via the contact contacts designed as a relay contacts k1 to k16 of the switching device 5 with the power supply device 1 and the electronic load 2 for charging and discharging the accumulators A1 to A8 are connected. The odd relay contacts k1 to k15 are connected to the positive terminals of the accumulators A1 to A8 and the straight relay contacts k2 to k16 to the negative terminals of the accumulators A1 to A8.

In order to measure or test the performance of the accumulators A1 to A8, the accumulators A1 to A8 are connected in series to the power supply device 1 and the electronic load 2 by connecting the relay contacts k1 and k16 in open relay contacts k2 to k15 in a first measuring phase.

Both measurement phases are performed with a device according to the circuit diagram shown in Fig. 1, namely in the first measurement phase with closed relay contacts k1 and k16 with a series connection of the accumulators A1 to A8 and after completion of the first measurement phase with a separation of the series circuit by means of preferably as High-voltage and high-current relay formed relay contacts k1 to k16 to carry out the second measurement phase, in each case the contacts k1 and k2 to k15 and k16 are closed. In order to ensure equal treatment of the accumulators A1 to A8, the individual accumulators A1 to A8 are individually measured by randomly closing the relay contacts k1 to k16 in order to make them independent of the charging and discharging state of the individual accumulators A1 to A8 Perform capacity measurements.

The control of the relay contacts k1 to k16 as well as the recording of the measured values recorded at the measuring points MP1 to MP8 takes place via the interface 4 to an individually The interface 4 controls both the relay contacts of the switching device 5 and the connection of the measuring points MP1 to MP8 with the measuring device 16. In addition to measuring of accumulators for determining characteristic for accumulators characteristics and / or profiles for the selection of suitable accumulators for large storage or battery power plants, the inventive method can also be used to determine the degradation state of battery or accumulator systems, it being assumed that the degradation measurements of Accumulator systems are usually based on the formation of an energy balance, taking into account models for the current cell behavior. All models assume that the state of charge measurement is subject to a more or less pronounced drift with increasing operating time, so that the capacity measurement of an accumulator system is subject to an uncertainty, which increases greatly over time. Therefore, all accumulator systems have to start regularly defined charge states, for example a full charge, in order to calibrate the determination of the charge state, with the accumulator system driving a defined operating regime for carrying out the calibration.

For the application of the second measuring method in which the remaining N - 1 accumulators are recharged in series to their respective capacity limit and the accumulator which has reached its capacity limit is disconnected from the series connection of the N - X accumulators or in which they are not yet complete Discharged N - 1 accumulators connected in series to the load completely discharged and each accumulator is disconnected from the series connection of the N - X accumulators, which is completely discharged, in the compounds of series connected accumulators A1 to A8 additional relay contacts are arranged, from in which shown in Fig. 2 detail of the measuring device of FIG. 1, the additional relay contacts k17 to k23 in conjunction with the accumulators A1 - A5 are shown. If, for example, the accumulator A3 is the accumulator of the series-connected accumulators A1 to A8, which has the least capacity, the relay contacts k19 and k20 which were previously closed for series connection of the accumulators A1 to A8 are opened after full charge of the accumulator A3 and the relay contacts k4 and k5 are closed. If the battery with the lowest capacity is the battery 1, the relay contact k1 is opened after full charge of the accumulator A1, the relay contact k3 is closed and the relay contact k17 is opened. For a better understanding of the method according to the invention for determining the cycle stability of the accumulators A1-A8, the state of charge of five accumulators A1 to A5 is shown cross-hatched in FIG. 3, it being assumed that the accumulator A4 has the least capacity of the accumulators A1 to A5. When the rechargeable battery A4 is fully charged, the rechargeable batteries A1, A2, A3 and A5 still have residual capacitances which, when the first alternative of the method according to the invention is used after disconnecting the series connection in the second measuring phase, are individually connected to the power supply device 1 and until it reaches its Capacity limit reloaded. The measured values for full charge which correspond to the respective capacity of the accumulators A1 to A5, usually the corresponding charging currents, charging voltage courses and charging times, are stored and entered as measured values in a representation of the capacity of the respective accumulator over the number of charges and discharges.

In the same way, in the third measurement phase, the accumulator A4 would be the first of the series-connected accumulators A1 to A5 completely discharged, while the accumulators A1, A2, A3 and A5 still contain residual charges in the fourth measurement phase by individually discharging the accumulators A1 , A2, A3 and A5 would discharge across the load until they fully reach the discharge state.

When the second variant of the inventive solution is used, after the full charge of the rechargeable battery A4 with the lowest capacity and storage of the corresponding capacitance value has been reached, the rechargeable battery A4 would be disconnected from the series connection of the rechargeable batteries A1 to A5, and the remaining rechargeable batteries A1, A2, A3 and A5 would continue to be connected in series in the second measurement phase until, according to the diagram of FIG. 3, the accumulator A1 has reached its capacity limit, the corresponding measured value is stored and the accumulator A1 from the series connection of the remaining accumulators A1, A2, A3 and A5 is disconnected so that the remaining accumulators A2, A3 and A5 are further charged in series until they reach their respective capacity limits. Similarly, when discharging the serially connected accumulators A1 to A5, the accumulator A4 would be the first to be discharged while the accumulators A1, A2, A3 and A5 still have residual charges that are further discharged in the fourth measurement phase by successively separating the accumulator, which is in each case completely discharged.

Devices for carrying out the above-described method for measuring or testing of accumulators will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 16.

Due to the different geometric structures of accumulators or accumulator cells adapted recordings or holders are provided for different types of accumulators, which allow the simultaneous measurement of several accumulators or accumulator cells. In the following figures, reference is made to two different accumulator types, without the invention being restricted to these receptacles or holders. 4 to 8 a holder for accumulators of "pouch cell type" is shown, which consists of a holder 7 with a cuboid frame having a bottom plate 71, a cover plate 74 and side walls 76, 77, between which at least one However, in this embodiment, two guide plates 72, 73 are arranged The guide plates 72, 73 and the cover plate 74 have two parallel rows of guide slots 70 at predetermined intervals to each other for receiving a prescribed number of pouch cells 12, 13, whose length the maximum width of the pouch cells 12, 13 corresponds.

Above the cover plate 74, a plate-shaped contact carrier 75 is arranged, which has a number of parallel guide slots 70 corresponding number contact plates 1 1, on which separate charge contacts 9 for charging and discharging the Pochzellen 12, 13 and measuring contacts 10 are arranged for detecting the measurement signals.

In order to adapt the charging and measuring contacts 9, 10 to different width pouch cells 12, 13 at least one of the two parallel rows of contact plates 1 1 in parallel alignment with the guide slots 70 in the guides in the direction of the double arrow A shown in FIG. 5 slidably disposed.

Due to the different length of the pouch cells 12, 13, the holder 7 for receiving the pouch cells 12, 13 is designed such that not only pouch cells 12, 13 of different widths but also of different lengths are received by the holder 7 can be. For this purpose, at least one of the two guide plates 72, 73 height adjustable and both guide plates 72, 73 are rotatable about 180 ⁰ in the plane in the frame of the holder 7, wherein due to a different distance of the guide slots 70 of the side walls 76, 77 in the orientation of the guide plates 72, 73, the guide slots 70 of the cover plate 74 and the guide plates 72, 73 are aligned with each other, while they are offset in the other position of the guide plates 72, 73 against each other. Depending on the length of the pouch cells 12, 13 either the upper guide plate 73 or the lower guide plate 72 or both guide plates are rotated by 180 °. For short Pouchzellen 13 - as shown in Fig. 8 - the upper guide plate 73 is rotated by 180 ° so that they rest on the formed between the guide slots 70 webs of the upper guide plate 73. For pouch cells of medium length, the lower guide plate 72 is rotated by 180 °, so that these pouch cells rest on the formed between the guide slots 70 webs of the lower guide plate 72. For long pouch cells 12, the guide plates 72, 73 are aligned, as shown in FIG. 4, so that their guide slots 70 are aligned with those of the cover plate 74, so that long pouch cells rest on the base plate 72.

The height adjustability of the guide plates 72, 73 makes it possible to adapt the holder 7 to different lengths of short and medium-length pouch cells 13.

For connection of the contact carrier 75 with the cover plate 74 and fixed contact of the charging and measuring contacts 9, 10 with the angled contact lugs 120 of the pouch cells 12, 13 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, screw connections 78 are provided which are uniform over the surface of the contact carrier 75th distributed to ensure a uniform pressure.

FIG. 5 shows a top view of the contact plates 1 1, which are adjustable to accommodate different contact distances in the direction of the double arrow, of at least one of the two parallel rows of contact plates with the charging and measuring contacts 9, 10 arranged thereon. In each case one row of contacts is associated with a pouch cell 12. so that in this embodiment 8 pouch cells 12 can be used for simultaneous and individual measurement in the holder 7 and can be measured or checked via the charging and measuring contacts 9, 10. 6 shows a side view of the holder 7 with a long pouch cell 12 and its contact lugs 120 and the contact plates 1 1 arranged on the contact carrier 75 with the charging and measuring contacts 9, 10 arranged thereon Cover plate 74 of the frame of the receptacle 7 Verschraubun- gene 78 are provided which ensure a defined and firm connection with the contacts of the pouch cells 12.

7 shows an enlarged view of the detail V according to FIG. 6 with the bent-over contact lug 120 of the pouch cell 12, a measuring contact 10 frictionally connected to the contact lug 120 and the contact carrier 75 and the cover plate 74.

9 to 12, a holder 8 for receiving prismatic accumulators 14 is shown in perspective and in different views, which are arranged on a support plate 80 and fixed in position by stops 87, 88. For measuring a plurality of prismatic accumulators 14, a plurality of carrier plates 80 are arranged next to, above or behind one another in a holder corresponding to the holder 7 according to FIGS. 4 to 8. The charging and measuring contacts 9, 10 are arranged on printed circuit boards 81, which are adjustably mounted on guide rails 82, 83 for adaptation to different contact distances of the prismatic accumulators 14, engage in the bearing guides 84, 85 of the printed circuit boards 81.

The charging contacts 9 are connected via charging connections 86 to the relay contacts k1 to k16 of the switching device 5 according to FIG. 1 and the measuring contacts 10 to measuring points MP1 to MP4 which are connected to the measuring device. The holder 8 is infinitely variably adjustable for prismatic accumulators 14 with different outer dimensions by means of the stops 87, 88, wherein the along the guide rails 82, 83 slidable circuit boards 81 an adaptation of the charging and measuring contacts 9, 10 at different distances of the positive and negative poles allow the prismatic accumulators 14. The electrical contacting and the contacting with sensors takes place by means of displaceable copper blocks.

Both in the holder 7 for pouch cells 12, 13 corresponding to FIGS. 4 to 8 and in the holder 8 for prismatic accumulators 14 according to FIGS. 9 to 12, the pouch cells 12, 13 or prismatic accumulators 14 are contacted by means of a screw, clamp and solderless contacting and fixing the pouch cells 12, 13 or prismatic accumulators 14 by means of spring contact pins whose contact surface is formed in the manner of a waffle iron, so that a contact is ensured by oxide layers or dirt on the contact poles of the accumulators 12 to 14. FIGS. 13 to 16 schematically show a selection of measuring curves which were recorded by means of the measuring devices shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 to 12 and described above.

13 shows the profile of the cell voltage U [V] and the cell temperature T [° C] of a measuring cell over the time t [sec] at an ambient temperature of 45 ° C. after 350 charging cycles. From 0 to about 2500 seconds, i. in a period of about 40 minutes, a charge of 1 C, i. with a charging current corresponding to the capacity of the measuring cell, in which the cell voltage increases from 2.0 V to approximately 2.8 V and the cell temperature drops from approximately 52 ° C to approximately 47 ° C. Charging is followed by an approximately 2500-second discharge process, during which the cell voltage drops to approximately 1.8V while the cell temperature rises to 51.5 ° C.

FIG. 14 shows the percentage of the energy E [%] of three measuring cells C1, C2 and C3 over the number of charging and discharging cycles (Cycle [#]) during charging and discharging operations at 1 C and an ambient temperature of 45 ° C The actual measurements were taken in solid lines over approximately 550 cycles and extrapolated with dashed lines. The measured curves of all three measuring cells C1, C2 and C3 show a nearly linear decrease of the energy E [%] with increasing charging and discharging cycles, whereby a decrease of the energy E [%] to 80% is assumed as end of life of a cell, which is the measuring cell C3 after approx. 1 600 cycles and the measuring cell C 2 after approx. 1 900 cycles, while the measuring cell C 1 cope with more than 2,000 cycles.

Since the measurements were carried out at an ambient temperature of T = 45 ° C, a fourfold increase in the service life of the measuring cells can be assumed since, starting from an ambient temperature of 25 ° C, each temperature increase by 10 ° C corresponds approximately to a doubling of the aging of an accumulator cell. The curve of the measurements according to FIG. 14 thus shows a lifetime end of the measuring cell C3 at> 7,000 cycles, the measuring cell C2 at> 7,600 cycles and the measuring cell C1 at> 8,000 cycles. FIG. 15 shows the course of the discharge energy E [%] and the cell temperature T [° C] of a measuring cell above the C rate for evaluating the high-current capability of the measuring cell and its temperature behavior without cooling or removal of the heat arising during charging of the measuring cell. While the energy or capacity of the measuring cell initially drops with increasing C-rate in order to increase again at C-rates above 2 C, the cell temperature rises continuously from 25 ° C to approx. 80 ° C with increasing C-rate.

16 shows the course of the cell voltage U [V] of a measuring cell over the energy E [%] of the measuring cell during charging and discharging without preceding charging and discharging cycles (Cycle # 0) and after 224 cycles (Cycle # 224) , During artificial aging, the cell voltage changes significantly during charging and discharging and can therefore be used for state of charge definition (SOC). In addition, the internal resistance Ri of the measuring cell, which results from the difference in the curve during charging and discharging, increases significantly with the number of cycles (Ri2> Rn).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 power supply device

2 electronic load

 3 control device

 4 interface

 5 switching device

 6 - 8 bracket

 9 charging contacts

 10 measuring contacts

 1 1 contact plates

 12 long pouch cells

 13 short pouch cells

 14 prismatic accumulators

70 guide slots

 71 base plate

 72, 73 guide plates

 74 cover plate

 75 contact carrier

 76, 77 side walls

 78 fittings

 80 carrier plate

 81 circuit board

 82, 83 guide rails

 84, 85 bearing guides

 86 charging ports

 87, 88 strokes

 120 contact flags

 A1 - A8 accumulators

 C1 - C3 measuring cells

k1 - k23 switching contacts (relay contacts)

MP1 -MP8 measurement points

Claims

claims 1 . Method for measuring and testing the performance of accumulators by determining characteristics and / or characteristic profiles characteristic of accumulators, characterized in that - in a first measuring phase, N accumulators (A1 - A8) connected in series to a power supply device (1) and under specification predetermined first measurement parameters are jointly charged until a battery having the least capacity of the accumulators (A1-A8) is completely charged and several measured values corresponding to the energy of this accumulator are stored and this accumulator is separated from the series circuit, that in a second measuring phase 1 rechargeable batteries (A1 - A8) are charged to their full charge and several of the energy of each of the N - 1 accumulators (A1 - A8) corresponding measurements are stored, that in a third measurement phase, the N accumulators (A1 - A8) ge again in series ge - switches to a La st (2) connected and given default predetermined second Measurement parameters are recorded until the battery having the least capacity of the accumulators (A1 - A8) is completely discharged and disconnected from the series connection,  and in a fourth measuring phase, the N-1 accumulators (A1-A8) which have not yet been completely discharged are connected to the load (2) and completely discharged, where N is an integer> 1. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the second measuring phase, the series connection of the N-1 accumulators (A1 - A8) separated and the not yet fully charged accumulators (A1 - A8) individually connected to the power supply device (1) and recharged to their respective full charge and a measured value corresponding to the capacity of each of the N-1 accumulators (A1 - A8) is stored,  and that in the fourth measuring phase, the series connection of the accumulators (A1 - A8) is separated and the not yet completely discharged N - 1 accumulators (A1 - A8) are individually connected to the load (2) and completely discharged. where N is an integer> 1. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the second measuring phase the remaining N-1 accumulators (A1-A8) are recharged in series connection up to their respective capacity limit and several of the energy of that accumulator corresponding measured values stored and this accumulator of the series circuit of the N - X accumulators (A1 - A8) which has reached its capacity limit,  and that in the fourth measuring phase the N-1 accumulators (A1-A8) which have not yet been completely discharged are connected in series to the load (2), completely discharged and in each case the accumulator is disconnected from the series connection of the N-X accumulators (A1-A8) which is completely discharged, where N and X are integers with N> 1 and 2 <X <N. 4. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring phases are repeated at least once. 5. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first and second measurement phase, the series-connected accumulators (A1 - A8) loaded under specification of the predetermined first measurement parameters until reaching the end-of-charge voltage and in the third and fourth measurement phase to be discharged to reach the discharge end voltage. 6. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as first or second measurement parameters of the charging current (I), the charging voltage (U), the charging time and the temperature of the series-connected accumulators or each individual accumulator are provided. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that in addition the ambient temperature (T) is provided as the first and / or second surveying parameters. 8. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a fifth measurement phase, each of the N accumulators (A1 - A8) individually connected to the power supply device (1) and the load (2) and to determine its specific properties such as capacity ( C), impedance or internal resistance (Ri) and to load and unload at least once to record measurement, load, temperature, aging and / or degradation curves. 9. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims 8, characterized in that the measurement, load, aging and / or degradation profiles are programmatically determined by means of a control and measurement software. 10. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the measuring phases a preferably programmed, predetermined Cyclization and / or load profile for accelerated aging, capacity degradation, impedance increase and internal resistance increase of the series-connected accumulators (A1 - A8) or each individual accumulator (A1 - A8) is performed. 1 1. Device for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a holder (6, 7, 8) for accommodating accumulators (A1 - A8) with different dimensions and a switching device (5) with controllable switching contacts (k1 - k16) for series connection accumulators (A1 - A8) and conclusion of the serially connected accumulators (A1 - A8) to a power supply device (1), a load (2) and a measuring device, for disconnecting the series connection and for individually connecting each individual accumulator (A1 - A8) to the power supply device (1), the load (2) and the measuring device. 12. The device according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the switching device (5) at least one of the number to be measured accumulators (A1 - A8) corresponding number of controllable switching contacts (k1 - k16) contains, with which in the first measurement phase, the accumulators (A1 - A8) in series to the power supply (1), to the load (2) and can be connected to the measuring device and with which after the first measurement phase, the series circuit can be separated and in the second measurement phase, each individual accumulator (A1 - A8) to the power supply device (1), to the load (2) and the measuring device can be connected , 13. The apparatus of claim 1 1 or 12, characterized in that the load consists of an electronic load (2). 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that for zero point reduction during charging and discharging of the accumulators (A1 - A8) of the negative pole of the electronic load (2) to the negative terminal of a voltage source (15) is connected, the positive pole via a Zener diode (D1) is connected to the negative pole of the power supply device (1). 15. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching contacts (k1 - k16) of the switching device (5) consist of a relay circuit with a number of relay contacts, twice the number of series-connectable accumulators (A1 -. A8). 16. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 1 to 15, characterized in that the charging contacts (9) and the measuring contacts (10) of the measuring sensor consist of pressure pin contacts. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the pressure pin contacts have a contact surface with a formed in the manner of a waffle iron surface structure. 18. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 1 to 17, characterized in that the holder (6, 7, 8) infinitely adjustable receptacles for accumulators (A1 - A8) with different outer dimensions and / or distances of the electrical contacts of Accumulators (A1 - A8) has. 19. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 1 to 18, characterized in that a first holder (7) for as pouch cells (12, 13) formed Accumulators is provided, which consists of a box-shaped frame with a bottom plate (71), a cover plate (74) and at least one guide plate (72, 73) between the cover plate (74) and the bottom plate (71), wherein the cover plate (74) and the at least one guide plate (72, 73) guide slots (70) for receiving the Pouch- cells (12, 13). 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the length of the guide slots (70) corresponds to the maximum width of the pouch cells (12, 13). 21. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the at least one guide plate (72, 73) in the plane rotatable by 180 ° in the between the cover plate (74) and the bottom plate (71) formed space is inserted, such that in the one Alignment of the guide plate (72, 73) for receiving long Pouchzellen (12) in the guide plate (72, 73) arranged guide slots (70) with the cover plate (74) arranged guide slots (70) are aligned and in the other Alignment of the guide plate (72, 73) for receiving short Pouchzellen (13) arranged in the guide plate (72, 73) guide slots (70) offset from the in the cover plate (74) arranged guide slots (70) are arranged. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the guide plate (72, 73) is arranged vertically adjustable between the cover plate (74) and the bottom plate (71). 23. Device according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that on the cover plate (74) a contact carrier (75) in the plane of the contact carrier (75) laterally displaceable charging and measuring contacts (9, 10) can be placed. 24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that a second holder (8) consists of at least one support plate (80) with receptacles for prismatic accumulators (14) and guide rails (82, 83) for guiding circuit boards (81), the paral - lel to the level of the electrical contacts of the accumulators (A1 - A8) are adjustable. 25. The apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that the guide rails (82, 83) are infinitely adjustable and the receptacles for prismatic accumulators (14) of stops (87, 88) which are adjustably arranged on the support plate (80). 26. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 1 to 25, characterized in that the holders (6, 7, 8) can be inserted into a heating cabinet for varying the ambient temperature when measuring the accumulators (A1 - A8).