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EP3011571A1 - Aimant de maintien présentant une puissance d'excitation électrique particulièrement faible - Google Patents

Aimant de maintien présentant une puissance d'excitation électrique particulièrement faible

Info

Publication number
EP3011571A1
EP3011571A1 EP14739699.8A EP14739699A EP3011571A1 EP 3011571 A1 EP3011571 A1 EP 3011571A1 EP 14739699 A EP14739699 A EP 14739699A EP 3011571 A1 EP3011571 A1 EP 3011571A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
shunt
self
spring
air gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14739699.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3011571B1 (fr
Inventor
Mecklenburg ARNO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rhefor GbR
Original Assignee
Rhefor GbR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rhefor GbR filed Critical Rhefor GbR
Publication of EP3011571A1 publication Critical patent/EP3011571A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3011571B1 publication Critical patent/EP3011571B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/163—Details concerning air-gaps, e.g. anti-remanence, damping, anti-corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/20—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature movable inside coil and substantially lengthwise with respect to axis thereof; movable coaxially with respect to coil
    • H01H50/22—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature movable inside coil and substantially lengthwise with respect to axis thereof; movable coaxially with respect to coil wherein the magnetic circuit is substantially closed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/30—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock, e.g. by balancing of armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1669—Armatures actuated by current pulse, e.g. bistable actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electromagnetic actuators. Background of the invention:
  • a counter-excitation can be generated be that the magnetic holding force is lower than the spring force and the armature is set in motion, wherein the previously stored in the spring elastic energy can be used to do work.
  • Such "magnetic spring stores” are used for example as a trigger, in particular residual current release, in electrical switching devices, such as circuit breakers. Commonly known is the use as a residual current release in residual current circuit breakers. In addition, they are used in locking units (“locking magnets”), wherein the clamping can be done mechanically or by reverse excitation of the magnet by means of the coil (excitation instead of counter-excitation as in triggering).
  • a characteristic influencing which can result in much higher force constants at full open working air gap.
  • a low tripping current is particularly desirable.
  • triggers From such triggers is also to demand that they can be designed so that not too high a counter-excitation unintentionally prevents the triggering unintentionally slowed or unduly: overcompensation of the permanent magnetically generated field and thus the associated holding force can namely the formation of a holding force as a result of the Tripping current chained flow have the result so that the latching magnet delayed or not at all triggers.
  • trigger magnets must of course be quite insensitive to vibration, the unintentional triggering as a result of blows or other shocks should be much more difficult, which is why the desired high electrical sensitivity - ie the desired low tripping currents or powers - can not be easily realized by magnetic holding force and spring force be aligned as closely as possible.
  • the inventive task is posed: self-holding magnet with spring (“magnetic spring memory”), which has a particularly low electrical release performance compared to known types.
  • the magnetic spring store should, if necessary, have the following features:
  • the invention is based on a self-holding magnet with spring, wherein the self-holding magnet has a stop for the armature and a magnetic shunt.
  • the armature of the self-holding magnet against the spring force is kept permanently magnetic
  • the working air gap or the working air column, if an anchor with multiple pole surfaces is used
  • the frame of the self-holding magnet (as an anchor counterpart) can serve as a stop itself, if necessary with an anti-adhesive film or similar.
  • the shunt has a particularly low reluctance:
  • the shunt is to be dimensioned such that its reluctance in the stressed state is of the same magnitude and as large as the reluctance of the (working) residual air gap (or the sum of the reluctances of the residual working air column, if there is a series connection of several working air gaps, this is the case, for example, for pole plates in which two poles act on the same surface).
  • the working air gap (e) and the shunt are magnetically connected in parallel. However, they are connected in series with respect to the flow that can be generated by the coil.
  • the reluctance of Shunt is, as I said, of the same order of magnitude as the reluctance of the (working) residual air gap and as large as possible.
  • Flowing parasitic residual air gaps are also to be considered according to their arrangement.
  • electrical counter-energization of the latch magnet causes the flux density in the working air gap (s) to be reduced as the flux density shifts.
  • the shunt subcircuit can also be carried out with respect to the flux-conducting cross sections occurring in it so that due to magnetic saturation, the reluctance of the coil "seen” iron circle increases with increasing counter-excitation so that even a comparatively strong counter-excitement does not hold the anchor against the spring force able (because the flux density in the shunt increases with increasing counter-excitation).
  • the shunt subcircuit can have a very constant, smallest effective cross section over a certain (minimum) length.
  • the shunt can be defined geometrically; but it can also be formed of a soft magnetic material comparatively low (macroscopic) permeability, in particular a sintered material with a distributed air gap, which can simplify the production.
  • a self-holding magnet according to the invention also has one or more of the following three positive feedback devices:
  • the stop should be far stiffer than the elastic energy storage serving "first" spring of the self-holding magnet ("memory spring") .
  • the resilient stop should be far less stiff than it is a solid
  • the stop may be 100 to 10,000 times stiffer than the "first" spring (accumulator spring) .
  • the stop should by no means have a linear characteristic, but may for example be degressive and with the aid of
  • the stop can be made adjustable, for example with fine threads, so that its preload and / or rest position can be adjusted in order to tune the tripping characteristic.
  • the resilient stop allows that even a very small counter-excitation has a certain (small) movement of the anchor result.
  • the shunt has a very small reluctance, even very small deflections of the armature from its (closed, tensioned) Hubgglingslage to the fact that the flow on the shunt considerably and the flow over the (or the) working air gap (e) decreases appreciably, with the associated magnetic holding force, of course, develops in proportion to the square of the flux density in the working air gap.
  • the small deflection of the anchor due to the resilient stop already from caused by a small counter-excitation, so leads due to the changing distribution of the flow between the working air gap and shunt to a significant reduction of the magnetic holding force at the anchor.
  • care must be taken to ensure that the system remains sufficiently insensitive to vibration (insensitivity to accidental release).
  • counter-excitation can be used with an additional electrical excitation.
  • the trip coil can be used and energized against the direction that is needed for triggering. But it can also be used an additional winding.
  • the positive feedback according to the invention can also be effected by a variably designed shunt.
  • the invention can be performed as Um Spotifyhubmagnet, wherein an end face of the armature forms together with the frame the working air gap of the self-holding magnet.
  • the opposite end of the armature can form the shunt, wherein the shunt is designed as anchor-armature counterpart system, which is preferably designed so that the highest "force constant" occurs at the beginning of stroke (ie in the position in which the working air gap except for one Residual air gap is closed, the "tensioned” position). Consequently, in this embodiment of the invention, the armature is supplied with a permanent magnetically generated magnetic flux, which is distributed according to the associated reluctances on working air gap (without characteristic influencing) and shunt (with characteristic influencing works to open the working air gap).
  • a reduction of the flux-guiding shunt air gap can also be effected by means of a second armature (“shunt armature”) .
  • shunt armature This armature is movably arranged so that it shuts the already small shunt air gap down to a residual air gap
  • the reluctance force acting on the shunt armature may be transferred to the armature via a mechanical or hydraulic device with or without transmission, to open the working air gap (ie, the force on the shunt armature should be applied in the same direction to the armature).
  • the shunt armature In the tensioned state of the drive, the shunt armature is in a position in which the reluctance of the shunt is as equal as possible to the series reluctance of the one or more (Working) residual air gap (s) is.
  • a counter-excitation is generated, s The force acting on the shunt armature strength and is transmitted in the direction of acting on the (working) armature (storage) spring force on the (working) armature, thus acting to solve this from its Hubzhouslage.
  • the magnetic holding force is reduced by the counter-excitation. Movement of armature and shunt anchor eventually causes a decrease in the reluctance of the shunt and an increase in the reluctance of the working air gap.
  • Fig. 1a shows a longitudinal section through a self-holding magnet according to the first example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1b shows a cross section through a self-holding magnet according to the first example of the present invention.
  • like reference characters designate the same or similar components, each having the same or similar meaning.
  • Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b shows an embodiment of a self-holding magnet according to the invention with spring having a shunt anchor. A resilient stop is not shown, but can be added advantageous.
  • Fig. 1a shows a section through the approximately rotationally symmetrical drive. The drawing is not to scale, but provides the developer with a good foundation for FEM optimizations. The embodiment is illustrative only and is in no way limiting.
  • the individual components of the drive can consist of the following materials:
  • a bobbin On a bobbin can be dispensed with if, for example, the groove in which the coil is located, is coated insulating.
  • ⁇ 10 and ⁇ 11 are the (in series) working air gaps in the cocked Hubgglingslage and therefore closed (not shown) residual air gaps.
  • 520 is the shunt air gap used by the shunt armature 21 to perform work.
  • the inner frame part 31 is chamfered in the region of the working air gap ⁇ 10.
  • Fig. 1 b shows a plan view of the drive with remote anchor guide and remote working anchor and plunger.
  • On display are the permanent magnets made of radially polarized circular segments, which are located in recesses of the (soft magnetic) frame.
  • Secondary air gap ⁇ 20 is in the illustrated Hubzhouslage (pervious state) of the same reluctance as possible as the series circuit ⁇ 10, ⁇ 11 (but of larger cross-section). From the point of view of the coil, this can result in a polarized (they! Magnetic circuit of low reluctance, which enables large force constants (N / A).
  • the shunt anchor 21 acts on the driver 20 to the tappet 10 welded to the working anchor and thus additionally helps to overcome the holding force, which is mediated via ⁇ 10 and ⁇ 11, and to accelerate the working anchor.
  • the shunt anchor 21 is set in motion and not only helps to move the work anchor by means of driver 20, but also draws out of the working air gaps ⁇ 10, ⁇ 11 flow, since a closing movement of the shunt armature leads to a reduction in the reluctance of the shunt and this is connected in parallel with the working air gaps with respect to the permanent magnetically generated flow.
  • the (electrical) sensitivity of this drive can be further increased by equipping it with a resilient stop of suitable rigidity.
  • This stop (not shown), for example, make use of a plate spring and act on the plunger 10.
  • the fine adjustment can be done by means of screws with fine threads, then allows adjustment of the electrical sensitivity of the drive. It may be advantageous to connect the drive according to the invention in series with a diode and to switch a varistor parallel to the drive, because during the opening a voltage is induced in the coil which is opposite to the triggering voltage. Such external circuitry can significantly shorten the trip time.
  • a trip is as follows: Electric counter-excitation reduces the flux through working air gaps ⁇ 10, ⁇ 11 and increases those through shunt air gap ⁇ 20.
  • the rapid increase in the force acting on the shunt armature 21 contributes to the triggering of the self-holding magnet and also allows a considerable reduction due to the additionally transmitted via driver 20 and plunger 10 on the working anchor 11 and the magnetic "short-circuiting" of the working air column ⁇ 10, ⁇ 11
  • the achievable positioning times because in the vicinity of the Hubzhouslage are in conventional self-holding magnet, at least at low release powers, only small forces from the difference of the spring force and the reluctance force to accelerate the armature available In the embodiment, however, the armature movement inhibiting reluctance force with the associated Flow shorted due to the movement of the shunt armature, while the working armature 11 is driven by the reluctance force acting on shunt anchor 21 in addition to the spring force).

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un aimant de maintien pourvu d'un ressort (« ressort accumulateur ») et d'un premier induit. L'aimant de maintien est en mesure de maintenir son premier induit, à l'encontre de la force du ressort, dans une position de course définie par une butée. La butée détermine donc au moins l'entrefer résiduel d'un entrefer de travail. Le circuit magnétique de l'aimant de maintien comprend une dérivation magnétique, laquelle présente une reluctance particulièrement faible du même ordre de grandeur que la reluctance en série de l'entrefer résiduel ou de l'entrefer de travail ou de ces derniers. Le ou les entrefers de travail et la dérivation sont montés magnétiquement en parallèle par rapport au flux produit par un aimant permanent. Mais ils sont montés en série par rapport au flux produit par la bobine (d'excitation). En outre, l'aimant de maintien comprend au moins un des trois dispositifs de rétroaction suivants : (1.) une butée élastique, cette butée étant en mesure de se comprimer dans une certaine mesure et étant beaucoup plus rigide que le ressort accumulateur mais beaucoup moins rigide que ne le serait une butée massive en fer. De préférence, la butée est 100 à 10 000 fois plus rigide que le ressort accumulateur. (2.) L'aimant comprend également une dérivation, laquelle est configurée de telle manière qu'un déplacement de l'induit entraîne une diminution de la reluctance de la dérivation, par le fait que l'aimant de maintien est réalisé sous la forme d'un aimant à course réversible, la force de retenue avec laquelle le ressort accumulateur peut rester tendu étant produite autant que possible sans influence de la courbe caractéristique, et la dérivation étant réalisée sous la forme d'un système induit-pièce complémentaire d'induit. (L'alimentation en courant de la bobine pour l'excitation de l'entraînement (contre-excitation) entraîne alors une diminution du flux dans l'entrefer sans influence de la courbe caractéristique et une augmentation du flux du fait du système induit-pièce complémentaire d'induit, la force produite par ce dernier agissant autant que possible dans la même direction que la force du ressort accumulateur). (3.) L'aimant comprend également une dérivation, laquelle est configurée de telle manière qu'un déplacement de l'induit entraîne une diminution de la reluctance de la dérivation, par le fait que la dérivation est pourvue d'un deuxième induit (« induit de dérivation »), lequel est en mesure de fermer le petit entrefer de la dérivation jusqu'à un certain entrefer résiduel (encore plus petit). La force agissant sur cet induit de dérivation est transmise au moyen d'un dispositif connu, par exemple un poussoir, sur l'induit de l'aimant de maintien, de telle manière qu'elle agit sur celui-ci dans la même direction que la force du ressort accumulateur.
EP14739699.8A 2013-06-20 2014-06-20 Aimant de maintien présentant une puissance d'excitation électrique particulièrement faible Active EP3011571B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013010204 2013-06-20
DE102013013585.0A DE102013013585B4 (de) 2013-06-20 2013-08-19 Selbsthaltemagnet mit besonders kleiner elektrischer Auslöseleistung
PCT/EP2014/063042 WO2014202761A1 (fr) 2013-06-20 2014-06-20 Aimant de maintien présentant une puissance d'excitation électrique particulièrement faible

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3011571A1 true EP3011571A1 (fr) 2016-04-27
EP3011571B1 EP3011571B1 (fr) 2020-12-16

Family

ID=52010233

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14739699.8A Active EP3011571B1 (fr) 2013-06-20 2014-06-20 Aimant de maintien présentant une puissance d'excitation électrique particulièrement faible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9953786B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3011571B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013013585B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014202761A1 (fr)

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CN103500688B (zh) * 2013-09-27 2016-04-27 哈尔滨工业大学 一种含永磁电磁结构
DE202014010132U1 (de) * 2013-10-23 2015-04-29 Rhefor Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Arno Mecklenburg, 10999 Berlin) Ziehbackensteuerung mit Umkehrhubmagnet

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WO2014202761A1 (fr) 2014-12-24
US9953786B2 (en) 2018-04-24
DE102013013585A1 (de) 2014-12-24
US20160148769A1 (en) 2016-05-26
DE102013013585B4 (de) 2020-09-17
EP3011571B1 (fr) 2020-12-16

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