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EP3044521B1 - Solarenergieanlage zur brauchwasserbereitung und kühlung - Google Patents

Solarenergieanlage zur brauchwasserbereitung und kühlung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3044521B1
EP3044521B1 EP14752909.3A EP14752909A EP3044521B1 EP 3044521 B1 EP3044521 B1 EP 3044521B1 EP 14752909 A EP14752909 A EP 14752909A EP 3044521 B1 EP3044521 B1 EP 3044521B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
exchanger
solution
storage tank
absorber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP14752909.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3044521A1 (de
Inventor
François BOUDEHENN
Philippe Papillon
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Publication of EP3044521A1 publication Critical patent/EP3044521A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F25B27/007—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in sorption type systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of the production of domestic hot water and cooling by solar energy.
  • a solar water heater for producing hot water for domestic use, or "sanitary” water usually comprises a solar collector and a storage tank for a liquid to be heated, the solar collector carrying the thermal power it receives sunlight from the storage tank.
  • the liquid contained in the evaporator vaporizes and the vapor thus produced migrates to the condenser in which it condenses by transferring heat to the liquid of the storage tank.
  • the condensed liquid then returns to the evaporator for a new evaporation cycle.
  • the solar collectors are designed to capture and store as much heat as possible.
  • the evaporator of a heat pipe is enclosed in several layers of solar radiation-transparent materials between which vacuum is formed. The solar radiation is thus trapped in the heat pipe and the heat carried by the incident solar radiation is transferred substantially completely to the liquid present in the evaporator. Temperatures above 250 ° C can thus be reached in the evaporator, even for low temperatures.
  • heat transfer fluids usually used for solar heat pipe type sensors hardly withstand high temperatures for a long time without degrading.
  • the primary circuit fluid oxidizes and loses its heat transport capabilities.
  • excessive temperatures can weaken the constituent materials of the solar collector and the storage tank. In general, it is observed that repeated overheating of a solar collector increases the risk of malfunction of the solar water heater.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a system coupling a solar water heater and an absorption machine which protects the solar collector of the water heater from overheating while maximizing the use of solar energy incident on the solar collector.
  • the cold source thereof is therefore composed of the liquid contained in the storage tank, and therefore the sanitary water to be heated, but also the mixture of absorbent and fluid refrigerant to be heated from the absorption machine.
  • the periods of overheating of the solar collector generally correspond to the cooling demand periods.
  • a conventional use of the absorption machine for example for the air conditioning of a room, avoids the overheating of the solar collector.
  • the use of solar energy captured is optimized. At the coldest times of the year, solar energy can be used only to heat sanitary water, and during warmer periods, excess energy is used to produce cold. In addition, it is possible to oversize the installation, and therefore to increase the solar coverage rate, without inducing excessive overheating.
  • the exchanger comprises a conduit housed in the storage tank of the water heater and in which circulates the absorbent solution enriched with refrigerant. It is not necessary to modify the solar collector. Any type of solar collector can thus be used.
  • the water heater comprises conduits for the circulation of fluid between the solar collector and the storage tank and conduits for circulation between the storage tank and a sanitary water distribution circuit, and said conduit of the exchanger is separated from said ducts of the water heater.
  • the water heater is modified only to provide a conduit that passes through the storage tank. The other elements of the water heater can thus be kept so that any type of water heater can be used with this modification.
  • the solar collector comprises a duct forming a closed circuit in which circulates a heat transfer fluid, a portion of the solar collector duct being housed in the storage tank, the duct of the exchanger housed in the storage tank consists of a tube, and the portion of the duct of the solar collector housed in the storage tank consists of a tube coaxial with the tube of the duct of the exchanger housed in the storage tank.
  • the desorber solution circulates in an inner tube and the heat transfer fluid of the solar collector circuit in a tube external to the desorber tube. In case of rupture of the desorber tube, the desorber solution mixes with the fluid of the solar collector and not with the liquid contained in the storage tank, which thus makes it possible to protect the latter, especially when the latter consists of the sanitary water to be heated.
  • the conduit of the exchanger is a double-walled skin tube, for example a tube manufactured by Wieland-Werke AG under the reference "WKE” or "WKC”.
  • WKE Wieland-Werke AG
  • WKC Wieland-Werke AG
  • Such a conduit is particularly advantageous when it is immersed in the storage tank and the latter contains the sanitary water to be heated, a double skin wall limiting indeed the risk that the solution contained in the desorber mingles with the sanitary water in case of rupture of the duct.
  • the absorption machine comprises a pump in communication with the absorber and the exchanger for pumping the refrigerant-enriched absorbent solution into the absorber and supplying the pumped solution to the exchanger.
  • the liquid / vapor separator is arranged near the storage tank of the water heater, and has an input connected to the absorber and two outputs, respectively connected to the condenser and the exchanger.
  • the output connected to the condenser is in particular disposed above the outlet connected to the exchanger to allow liquid / vapor separation by gravity.
  • the absorption machine comprises an expander between liquid / vapor separator and the absorber.
  • the storage tank, the desorber, the absorber, and the condenser are housed in a housing, which allows to simply install the system, for example on the wall of a house.
  • the system comprises means for controlling the absorption machine comprising a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature inside the storage tank and a control unit of the absorption machine connected to said sensor, control unit activating the absorption machine only if the temperature in the flask is higher than a predetermined threshold temperature, in particular a temperature of 75 ° C.
  • a system 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention comprises a solar water heater 12 and an absorption refrigerating machine 14 intended for example for heating the sanitary water of a dwelling and for air conditioning thereof .
  • the cold water contained in the storage tank 20 descends into the solar collector 16 where it is heated by the solar radiation 32, the hot water then going back up into the storage tank 20.
  • the hot water contained in the balloon 20 then warms the sanitary water circulating in the exchanger 22.
  • the operation of such a solar water heater is conventional.
  • any type of solar water heater may be suitable, including solar water heaters comprising vacuum solar collectors, "single plane” sensors, double glazed sensors, “double skin” sensors, two-phase vacuum sensors of the heat pipe type, etc.
  • solar collectors can however be provided according to a need for security, as will be described below.
  • the storage tank 20 is here represented in a horizontal position. Of course, the balloon can be positioned vertically.
  • the first part of the desorber 50 comprises a sealed duct 58, a portion of which, advantageously in the form of a coil, is accommodated in the storage tank 20 so as to plunge into the heated liquid contained in this one.
  • the inlet and the outlet of the duct 58 are respectively connected to the outlet of the pump 50, and to the second part of the desorber 50.
  • the storage tank 20 does not contain the sanitary water, but a so-called “technical” water, or “dead”, used to store calories from the solar collector 16, the duct 58 is preferably a so-called “single skin” wall tube, which reduces costs.
  • the second part of the desorber 50 is a liquid / vapor separator, in particular a vessel, or bottle, of decantation 60, housed for example near the storage tank, in particular under it, and above the regulator 52.
  • the basin 60 is connected in its lower part to the outlet of the duct 58 and the inlet of the expander 52, and connected in its upper part to the inlet of the condenser 54.
  • the volume of the basin 60 being greater than that of the heated solution , the refrigerant separates by gravity from the absorbent solution and heated refrigerant.
  • the basin 60 therefore contains in its lower part a concentrated absorbent solution, and in its upper part of the gaseous refrigerant.
  • the balloon 20, the absorber 42, the condenser 54, the regulators 52, 54, the pump 58, the fan 45 and all the conduits connecting these elements are housed in a housing 62, having grids 64, 66 to allow air circulation 68 by means of the fan 45.
  • the housing 62 is for example fixed to the exterior of the dwelling on a vertical wall 70 thereof.
  • openings are provided in the wall 70 for connecting the evaporator 34 to the other elements of the absorption machine 14.
  • a heat sink for cooling the absorber and the condenser is air / liquid type having a fan.
  • the heatsinks are liquid / liquid type exchangers coupled to a heatsink of the liquid / air type, such as for example an air- cooler device (" drycooler ”) or a fan coil.
  • drycooler air- cooler device
  • the fan-based heatsink reduces the number of components and avoids the need for additional auxiliary systems, which reduces the cost of manufacturing and installation.
  • the first part of the desorber 50 of the absorption machine 14 comprises a conduit housed in the balloon 20.
  • the constitution of this first part may vary in particular as a function of the type of solar collector and the degree required to prevent accidental mixing of the sanitary water and the fluids of the absorption machine.
  • the advantage of the embodiment just described is that it can use any type of solar collector.
  • a second embodiment, described in connection with the figure 2 differs from the first embodiment in that the portion of the conduit 58 housed in the balloon 20 is a so-called "double skin" wall tube, thereby reinforcing the strength of the tube to preserve the integrity of the coolant in the balloon 20 in case of rupture.
  • This type of protection it is thus possible, but not mandatory, to use a storage tank which directly contains the sanitary water to be heated, the distribution ducts 26, 28 opening directly into the balloon 20.
  • the solar collector 16 can adopt any form.
  • a third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it comprises a solar collector as described in relation to the second embodiment, unlike the tube portion 78 thereof. More particularly, as illustrated in the sectional view of the figure 4b , the portion 78 of the solar collector 16 housed in the balloon 20 consists of an outer tube coaxial with the tube 58 of the desorber 50 housed in the balloon 20. The absorbent and refrigerant solution of the absorption machine 14 circulates therefore in the tube 58, while the heat transfer fluid of the solar collector 16 flows between the inner tube 58 and the tube external 78.
  • the absorbent and refrigerant solution mixes with the heat transfer fluid of the solar collector but does not pour into the balloon 20. It is thus possible, but not mandatory, to using a storage tank which directly contains the domestic hot water to be heated, the distribution ducts 26, 28 opening directly into the tank 20.
  • the tube 58 is advantageously a double-walled skin tube.
  • control system 100 implements a control method of the absorption machine 14 which optimizes the recovery of the solar energy received by the solar collector 16 of the water heater 12, while maintaining the production performance. hot water at a constant level.
  • the figure 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a control cycle of the method implemented by the system 100.
  • the control cycle starts with the reception, at 120, by the control unit 110 of the current values of the temperatures, the flow rate, the programmed time slot and the time delivered by the elements 102, 104, 106, 108, 110.
  • the unit 110 averages the temperatures measured over a given duration.
  • a test is carried out by the unit 110 according to the data received, if necessary averaged, to know if a predetermined condition for the production of cold by the absorption machine 14 is satisfied.
  • cold production is required if the average outdoor temperature is above 25 ° C, preferably with hysteresis, and if the current time is in a predetermined programmed time range, for example the range 10h-18h.
  • a new test is carried out by the unit 110, at 124, to know if the absorption machine 14 is running. If this is the case, the unit 110 turned off, in 126, the machine 14 by turning off the pump 50 and the fans 44, 45, and the method loops back to step 120 for a new control cycle. Similarly, if the machine 14 is off, the method loops back to step 120.
  • the unit 110 implements a test, in 128, to know if the cold production by the absorption machine 14 does not adversely affect the production of domestic hot water by the water heater 12, that is to say if there is a surplus of solar energy captured by the solar collector 16 which can be upgraded to production of cold, thus avoiding overheating of the sensor 16.
  • the temperature in the balloon 20 is representative of that of the solar collector 16.
  • the additional calories captured by the sensor 16 are therefore used to heat the absorbent and refrigerant solution in the desorber 50 of the machine 14, which thus allows the part 40 to be cooled, for example, without having a negative impact on the production of water. hot, but also to avoid overheating of the sensor 16.
  • the test 128 consists of comparing the average temperature in the flask 20 with a predetermined hysteresis, for example a hysteresis of 75 ° C., -10 ° C., + 5 ° C. as illustrated in FIG. figure 7 .
  • the unit 110 tests at 130 if the machine 14 is already running. If this is not the case; it is turned on, at 132, by activating the fans 43, 45 and the pump 50, and the step 132 loops back to the step 120, and if so, the unit 110 leaves it running, looping test 130 on step 120 for a new control cycle.
  • the application of the system according to the invention to the production of hot water and home air conditioning is particularly well suited to geographical areas having particularly hot periods of the year and preferably without frost.
  • a solar water heater installed on a house on the island of Reunion, including solar collectors inclined at 20 ° to the horizontal and exposed to the north, having a solar collector surface of 4 m 2 and a storage tank of 280 liters, and water-hot water requirements of a family of six people each using 40 liters of hot water at 45 ° C per day.
  • the superheating of the solar collector is defined by an average temperature of the storage tank greater than 110 ° C.
  • the figure 8 illustrates for a solar water heater of this type, also devoid of any particular measure to prevent overheating of the solar collector, the percentage coverage rate of the solar water heater (left histogram), that is to say the percentage of time during which the solar water heater is sufficient to produce all the domestic hot water of the control family, the overheating rate (right histogram), ie the percentage of time during which the solar collector is estimated overheating, and the demand for air conditioning of the house (curve in black). It is thus noted that the rate of overheating during periods of strong sunlight is not negligible, which can even reach 40% of the time, and that, at the same time, periods of overheating logically correspond to the periods during which there is a need for air conditioning.
  • the figure 9 illustrates the average yields over one year of storage of the only individual solar water heater (“CESI”), and a system according to the invention comprising the individual solar water heater in cooperation with an absorption machine (“CCESI”) with a power ranging from 0.5kW to 5kW in steps of 0.5kW, controlled according to the described method previously.
  • the storage efficiency is the ratio between the quantity of energy drawn from the storage tank 20, and consequently the quantity of energy drawn to heat the domestic water, and, if necessary, to operate the absorption machine, and the amount of energy supplied to the balloon 20, that is to say the amount of energy supplied by the solar collector 16.
  • the storage efficiency of the water heater alone is equal to 0.46, and therefore very low.
  • the storage efficiency of a system according to the invention is between 0.6 and 0.74, a gain of between 30% and 60% compared to the water heater alone, and optimal for a machine to particular power absorption, ie 1.5 kW power absorption machine in this case of application.
  • the figure 10 illustrates the mean annual temperature of the storage tank, the solar collector overheating time and the operating time of the absorption machine for the individual solar water heater alone (“CESI”) and the systems according to the invention described above. above (“CCESI").
  • the overheating time of the solar collector in a system according to the invention is substantially reduced, by a percentage of between 64% and 74%, without this having an impact on the production of domestic hot water since the The temperature of the flask is substantially equal to 75 ° C, that is to say the prescribed temperature level to cover the need for domestic hot water.
  • the operating time of the absorption machine logically decreases with the power thereof. A 1.5 kW machine, however, is sufficient in that its operating time corresponds to an average daily operation of 3.5 hours for a period of 6 months.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the energy balances of the water heater alone (“CESI”) and of a system according to the invention with a 1.5 kW absorption machine as described above (“CCESI 1.5 kW” ).
  • the amount of energy upgraded Q4 + Q6 by the system according to the invention is substantially greater than that of the water heater alone equal to 1604 kWh, a gain of 79%.
  • the losses of the storage Qloss_sc are also significantly reduced, those of the water heater alone being equal to 1979 kWh and those of the system according to the invention being equal to 1034 kWh, a reduction of 45%.
  • the amount of extra energy Q2 used to meet the need for domestic hot water during low periods of sunshine remains unchanged at 40 kWh.
  • the invention however applies to any type of hot water production, for example hot water for a heating system, and more generally to the heating of any type of liquid.
  • the invention applies to any type of cold production, for example the production of cold for cellars, pantries, etc ...

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Heiz- und Kühlanlage durch Solarenergie, umfassend:
    ▪ einen Solar-Boiler (12), umfassend:
    ∘ einen Sonnenkollektor (16); und
    ∘ einen Speicher (20), in thermischer Verbindung mit dem Sonnenkollektor (16) zur Übertragung der vom Sonnenkollektor (16) aufgefangenen Sonnenenergie in eine Flüssigkeit, die sich im Speicher (20) befindet;
    ▪ eine Absorptionsmaschine (14), umfassend:
    ∘ einen Verdampfer (34), der ein Kältemittel enthält und der an eine erste Wärmequelle (40) thermisch gekoppelt werden kann, um diese zu kühlen;
    ∘ einen Absorber (42), verbunden mit dem Verdampfer (34), um von diesem Kältemittel zu empfangen und um das empfangene Kältemittel zu kühlen, indem dieses in einer Lösung mit einem Absorber absorbiert wird, so dass eine mit Kältemittel angereicherte Absorberlösung gebildet wird;
    ∘ einen Desorber (50), der an eine zweite Wärmequelle (16, 20) thermisch gekoppelt werden kann, wobei der Desorber (50) in Verbindung mit dem Absorber (42) steht, um von diesem die mit Kältemittel angereicherte Absorberlösung in Empfang zu nehmen und diese Lösung zu trennen, indem das Kältemittel mit einer zweiten Wärmequelle desorbiert wird, und wobei er in Verbindung mit dem Absorber (42) steht, um an diesen eine kältemittelreduzierte Absorberlösung zu liefern; und
    ∘ einen Kondensator (54), der an eine Kältequelle (45) thermisch gekoppelt werden kann, wobei der Kondensator in Verbindung mit dem Desorber (50) steht, um von diesem das desorbierte Kältemittel zu empfangen und um das empfangene Kältemittel mittels der Kältequelle (50) zu kondensieren, und wobei er in Verbindung mit dem Verdampfer (34) steht, um das kondensierte Kältemittel an diesen zu liefern;
    ▪ wobei der Desorber (50) umfasst:
    ∘ einen Wärmetauscher (58), der in Verbindung mit dem Absorber (42) steht, um von diesem die mit Kältemittel angereicherte Absorberlösung zu empfangen, wobei der Wärmetauscher (58) dabei im Speicher (20) untergebracht ist, wobei dieser Speicher (20) die zweite Wärmequelle bildet;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich beim Speicher (20) um einen Speichertank handelt und dass der Desorber (50) umfasst:
    ▪ einen Flüssigkeits-/ Dampfabscheider (60), in Verbindung mit:
    ∘ dem Wärmetauscher (58), um von diesem die mit Kältemittel angereicherte, im Wärmetauscher erwärmte Absorberlösung in Empfang zu nehmen und um die genannte angereicherte Lösung in einerseits eine kältemittelreduzierte Lösung und andererseits ein Kältemittel zu trennen;
    ∘ mit dem Absorber (42), um die genannte kältemittelreduzierte Lösung zu liefern; und
    ∘ dem Kondensator (54), um diesem das Kältemittel zu liefern.
  2. Heiz- und Kühlanlage durch Solarenergie gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmetauscher (58) eine im Speichertank (20) des Boilers (12) untergebrachte Leitung umfasst, in der die mit Kältemittel angereicherte Lösung zirkuliert.
  3. Heiz- und Kühlanlage durch Solarenergie gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Boiler (12) Leitungen (74) zur Zirkulation des Mittels zwischen dem Sonnenkollektor und dem Speichertank (20), sowie Leitungen (22) für die Zirkulation zwischen dem Speichertank (20) und einem Sanitärwassersystem (24) enthält, und dass diese Leitung (58) des Wärmetauschers von den genannten Leitungen (22, 74) des Boilers getrennt ist.
  4. Heiz- und Kühlanlage durch Solarenergie gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass :
    • der Sonnenkollektor (12) eine Leitung (74) enthält, die einen geschlossenen Kreislauf bildet und in der eine Wärmeübertragungsflüssigkeit zirkuliert, wobei ein Teilstück (78) der Leitung (74) des Sonnenkollektors (16) im Speichertank (20) untergebracht ist,
    • und dass die Leitung (58) des Wärmetauschers, die im Speichertank (20) untergebracht ist, aus einem Schlauch besteht,
    • und dass das Teilstück (78) der Leitung (74) des Sonnenkollektors (46), das im Speichertank (20) untergebracht ist, aus einem zum Rohr (58) des im Speichertank (20) untergebrachten Wärmetauschers externen, koaxialen Rohr besteht.
  5. Heiz- und Kühlanlage durch Solarenergie gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei der Leitung (58) des Wärmetauschers um ein Rohr mit einer doppelschichtigen Wand handelt.
  6. Heiz- und Kühlanlage durch Solarenergie, gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Absorptionsmaschine (14) eine Pumpe (50) umfasst, die in Verbindung mit dem Absorber (42) und dem Wärmetauscher (58) steht, um die mit Kältemittel angereicherte Absorberlösung in den Absorber zu pumpen und die gepumpte Lösung an den Wärmetauscher (58) zu liefern.
  7. Heiz- und Kühlanlage durch Solarenergie, gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Flüssigkeits-/ Dampfabscheider (60) einen Eingang, der mit dem Absorber (42) verbunden ist, sowie zwei Ausgänge umfasst, die jeweils mit dem Kondensator (54) und dem Wärmetauscher (58) verbunden sind, wobei der an den Kondensator (54) angeschlossene Ausgang über dem mit dem Wärmetauscher (58) angeschlossenen Ausgang angeordnet ist.
  8. Heiz- und Kühlanlage durch Solarenergie gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Absorptionsmaschine (14) einen Druckminderer (52) zwischen dem Flüssigkeits-/ Dampfabscheider (60) und dem Absorber (42) umfasst.
  9. Heiz- und Kühlanlage durch Solarenergie, gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Steuervorrichtungen (100) für die Absorptionsmaschine (14) umfasst, die einen Temperaturfühler (104) zur Messung der Temperatur im Inneren des Lagerbehälters (20) und eine Steuereinheit (110) der Absorptionsmaschine (14) enthalten, die an diesem Fühler (104) angeschlossen sind, wobei die Steuereinheit (110) die Absorptionsmaschine nur aktiviert, wenn die Temperatur im Lagerbehälter (20) höher liegt, als eine vorher festgelegte Grenztemperatur, insbesondere eine Temperatur von 75 °C.
EP14752909.3A 2013-09-13 2014-07-29 Solarenergieanlage zur brauchwasserbereitung und kühlung Active EP3044521B1 (de)

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FR1358809A FR3010776B1 (fr) 2013-09-13 2013-09-13 Systeme de production d'eau chaude sanitaire et de rafraichissement par energie solaire
PCT/FR2014/051970 WO2015036668A1 (fr) 2013-09-13 2014-07-29 Systeme de production d'eau chaude sanitaire et de rafraichissement par energie solaire

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US4429545A (en) * 1981-08-03 1984-02-07 Ocean & Atmospheric Science, Inc. Solar heating system
DE3233934C2 (de) 1982-09-13 1986-10-23 Chiron-Werke Gmbh, 7200 Tuttlingen Werkzeugmaschine mit Werkzeugmagazin
US4738305A (en) 1985-02-04 1988-04-19 Bacchus Rockney D Air conditioner and heat dispenser
US6539738B2 (en) * 2000-06-08 2003-04-01 University Of Puerto Rico Compact solar-powered air conditioning systems
DE10039159A1 (de) * 2000-08-10 2002-02-28 Saskia Solar Und Energietechni Kühlvorrichtung nach dem Adsorptionsprinzip
KR100585517B1 (ko) 2005-01-05 2006-06-07 전석영 지열과 냉동싸이클을 보조수단으로 이용하는 태양열냉/난방장치
KR100996279B1 (ko) 2008-07-07 2010-11-23 한국하니웰 주식회사 태양열 급탕 및 냉방 시스템
DE102010017674B3 (de) * 2010-07-01 2011-11-24 Universität Stuttgart Solarkollektoranlage und Verfahren zu deren Steuerung

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IL244502A0 (en) 2016-04-21
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FR3010776A1 (fr) 2015-03-20
FR3010776B1 (fr) 2017-12-22
EP3044521A1 (de) 2016-07-20
WO2015036668A1 (fr) 2015-03-19
ES2642072T3 (es) 2017-11-15

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