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EP2987171B1 - Absorbeur d'humidité dans un équipement électrique - Google Patents

Absorbeur d'humidité dans un équipement électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2987171B1
EP2987171B1 EP14717149.0A EP14717149A EP2987171B1 EP 2987171 B1 EP2987171 B1 EP 2987171B1 EP 14717149 A EP14717149 A EP 14717149A EP 2987171 B1 EP2987171 B1 EP 2987171B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water absorbing
electrical equipment
absorbing element
electrically insulating
insulating fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP14717149.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2987171A1 (fr
Inventor
Tommy Larsson
Gunnar Andersson
Bengt-Olof Stenestam
Pontus Sundqvist
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP14717149.0A priority Critical patent/EP2987171B1/fr
Publication of EP2987171A1 publication Critical patent/EP2987171A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H01B7/285—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable
    • H01B7/288—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable using hygroscopic material or material swelling in the presence of liquid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an electrical equipment comprising a moisture absorbing element.
  • Liquid or gaseous electrically insulating fluids are used in electrical apparatuses such as transformers, capacitors, switchgear, bushings, etc., and have a multitude of functions. Insulating, dielectric, fluids typically act as an electrically insulating medium separating parts having different potentials within the apparatus and function as a cooling medium to transfer the heat generated in the current-carrying conductors and other parts of the apparatus. Additionally, analysis of the fluids provides a means to monitoring the health of an electrical equipment during operation.
  • the insulating fluid should also comply with other necessary and desired requirements.
  • the fluid when used in electrical equipment should contribute to a high efficiency, long operational life time, and minimal environmental impact. Further, the fluid has to be compatible with the materials used in the electrical equipment and it should not constitute a hazard for the health and safety of personnel.
  • insulating fluids should exhibit various physical, electrical, and chemical properties. Most of these properties are regulated through standards and specifications that stipulate requirements for each one.
  • esters are advantageous due to their high biodegradability and high fire/flash points (> 300°C).
  • Electrically insulating fluids are consequently also used in on-load tap changers (OLTC) in electrical power transformers.
  • a tap changer is used in an electrical power transformer to choose the voltage by switching between different taps of the winding, thus changing the ratio between windings.
  • An OLTC will for different temperatures, expand and contract its oil volume. This is done via an oil expansion vessel, normally breathing through a silica gel breather to avoid moisture ingress in the oil volume.
  • the OL TC over time anyhow can accumulate moisture in the oil, and thus drying or replacement of the oil is needed at regular intervals.
  • the time period, until the moisture content will be too high in the oil depends on several factors such as the surrounding climate, the installation of the OL TC and the silica gel breather, the maintenance performed on the silica gel and the temperature variations inside the OL TC oil volume depending on the operation conditions.
  • a high moisture content harms the insulation properties of the insulating oil and the used insulating polymers, e.g. polyester- or epoxy-composites, in the OLTC.
  • the silica gel breather and its maintenance is targeted in the art.
  • the oil can be kept dry for a longer time. More water can thus enter the system before the water content in the oil is too high, e.g. above 35 ppm water, or being close to saturated level.
  • the equilibrium between water in oil and paper is well known from so called Piper curves.
  • the OL TC is usually delivered without oil, and is then filled with the oil before it is tested or made operational.
  • EP 0 481 239 discloses an oil filter, especially for oil filled tap changers of tapped power transformers, as a component of a separate filter circuit, the oil filter having two concentrically arranged filter chambers, e.g. in labyrinth form.
  • the outer filter chamber is used for filtering out solid impurities, e.g. by means of filter paper or glass wool
  • the inner filter chamber is filled with moisture-absorbing material, e.g. zeolite, and is used for extraction of the water that is in the oil.
  • US 5,766,464 discloses an oil filtration system for an oil-filled electrical apparatus.
  • a pump is used for pumping the oil through a filtration conduit in which contaminants are filtered from the oil.
  • the filter medium may be comprised of dry paper or an ion exchange resin such as DowexTM or an other desiccant material.
  • CN 202134324 discloses an oil storage cabinet of an on-load voltage regulating switch.
  • the switch comprises a moisture absorber which is connected to the storage cabinet via a connecting pipe.
  • JP 2007/221047 discloses a power transformer capable of surely removing moisture from a fluid insulator and maintaining and managing the fluid insulator over a long period of time, by providing an absorbent capable of continuously demonstrating excellent dehumidification capability.
  • a freely detachable absorbent case is used to provide the continuous dehumidification.
  • an electrical equipment configured for comprising an electrically insulating fluid, said electrical equipment comprising a water absorbing element protected by a water resistant material which inhibits the water absorbing element from absorbing water from its surroundings, said water resistant material being at least partly dissolvable by the electrically insulating fluid.
  • the water resistant material protects the water absorbing element until it is immersed in said electrically insulating fluid.
  • a method of removing moisture and particles from an electrically insulating fluid in a tap changer for an electrical power transformer comprising: heating a part of the electrically insulating fluid with heat generated by an electrical switch in the tap changer, whereby an upward flow of the electrically insulating fluid is created through natural circulation of the electrically insulating fluid in the tap changer; cooling the upward flow, whereby a downward flow of the electrically insulating fluid is created through natural circulation of the electrically insulating fluid in the tap changer; and trapping at least some particles carried by the upward flow and/or the downward flow in a water absorbing element in the tap changer, through which water absorbing element at least a part of the flow passes as a result of the natural circulation, thereby removing said particles (as well as moisture) from the electrically insulating fluid.
  • the water absorbing element By the water absorbing element being protected by means of a water resistant material, the water absorbing element is protected from becoming partly saturated with moisture from e.g. the air before the insulating fluid is added into the electrical equipment. Of course, this would be a problem in itself if the water absorbing element was then also prevented from absorbing moisture from the insulating fluid which is the point of using a water absorbing element, or if the barrier of the protecting water resistant material e.g. has to be removed by hand (which would also mean that the water absorbing element would need to be readily accessible). However, this is not a problem with the present invention since the water resistant material is dissolvable by/in the electrically insulating fluid. Thus, the water absorbing element is released from the water resistant material when it is no longer needed, allowing the water absorbing element to perform its function of absorbing moisture from the electrically insulating fluid.
  • the water absorbing element is impregnated with the water resistant material. In some other embodiments, wherein the water absorbing element is encased in a packaging or film made from the water resistant material. In yet some other embodiments, the water resistant material is adhered to surfaces of the water absorbing element. In some embodiments, the water absorbing element is encased in a water resistant casing which is held in place (e.g. glued together around the water absorbing element) by means of the water resistant material, whereby the casing will be opened up when the water resistant material is dissolved by the insulating fluid. This could be advantageous to reduce the amount of water resistant material dissolved in the insulating fluid, reducing its effect on the properties of the insulating fluid.
  • the water absorbing element is positioned in a dedicated chamber therefor, e.g. a metal chamber, for avoiding that non-dissolvable casing parts or not yet fully dissolved water resistant material interferes with the electrical equipment.
  • the water resistant material is completely dissolvable by the electrically insulating fluid within a week under regular operating conditions of the electrical equipment, such as within 48 or 24 hours. Conveniently, the water resistant material is not too easily dissolved since this may result in the water resistant material being at least partly removed prematurely. In view of the operating time of e.g. a power transformer, dissolution within a week may be sufficient. The time period for fully dissolving the water resistant material may be controlled e.g. by the choice of water resistant material and/or by the amount/thickness of the water resistant material.
  • the water resistant material does not substantially alter the electrically insulating properties of the electrically insulating fluid when dissolved therein.
  • electrically insulating properties include e.g. Dielectric strength, dielectric dissipation factor, viscosity, acidity, etc. it is e.g. not desirable to reduce the resistance to electricity or heat of the insulating fluid by dissolving the water resistant material therein.
  • the water resistant material is not corrosive to metals when dissolved in the electrically insulating fluid under operating conditions of the electrical equipment.
  • the electrical equipment may be made at least partly of metal, e.g. iron or copper, it is not desirable that the electrically insulating fluid increases in corrosivity when the water resistant material is dissolved therein.
  • the water resistant material is a wax or lipid, such as VaselineTM, or a synthetic or natural polymer, or a mineral oil or ester based material.
  • a wax or lipid such as VaselineTM, or a synthetic or natural polymer, or a mineral oil or ester based material.
  • Such materials may conveniently be used with the present invention.
  • the skilled person may, based on the present disclosure, find other materials which may also be suitable, depending on e.g. the properties of the water absorbing element, the properties of the electrically insulating fluid and/or the operating conditions of the electrical equipment.
  • the water resistant material should be chosen such that it is dissolvable in the insulating fluid (e.g. a mineral oil or ester-based liquid) while being resistant to (low solubility in) water.
  • insulating fluid e.g. a mineral oil or ester-based liquid
  • Vaseline which is given as a specific example herein, which are known to be dissolvable in e.g. oil but not dissolvable in water. The skilled person would thus not have any problems finding such materials. Also, a skilled person could find a suitable water resistant material by routine experimentation, e.g. by testing the solubility of some known water resistant materials in the insulation fluid used.
  • the electrical equipment is part of a system with a system voltage of at least 1 kilovolt or at least 1.5 kilovolts. It may be in high voltage applications where it is most harmful when the insulating properties of the insulating fluid are compromised by a high moisture content.
  • the system voltage is up to 800 kilovolts, e.g. between 2 or 3 kilovolts and 500 or 800 kilovolts.
  • the electrical equipment is an electrical power transformer or an electrical motor. These are examples of fluid insulated electrical equipment where the present invention may suitably be employed.
  • the electrical equipment is an on-load tap changer for an electrical power transformer.
  • a tap changer is a specific example where it is envisioned that the present invention may be especially beneficial.
  • the tap changer of a power transformer is often placed partly or completely in a separate vessel which interior fluid is not in contact with or affected by the cellulose insulation of the power transformer. This is a reason for using the water absorbing element in particular in a tap changer since a moisture absorber in a transformer tank may not be as effective when it is working together or against several (e.g. hundreds or thousands of) kilos of cellulose (paper). The cellulose insulation of the power transformer may then control the moisture balance.
  • the tap changer may often not be any cellulose (paper) since it may not be a suitable insulation therein since it may produce abrasion products from the mechanical movements of the tap changer, and the relatively high risk of moisture in cellulose in a tap changer may be very bad in a tap changer. Since, the tap changer usually does not contain paper, the fluid volume therein is relatively easily affected by even a little moisture, which is why it may be especially beneficial to be able to introduce dry cellulose or other water absorbing material within the tap changer in accordance with the present invention. Thus it may be advantageous to be able to use e.g. cellulose in equipment such as a tap changer where the water absorbing material does not have to have dielectric insulation properties, but can instead be used predominantly for moisture absorption.
  • the electrically insulating fluid is or comprises an oil, such as a mineral oil or an ester oil.
  • an ester-based fluid typically an ester-based liquid such as an ester oil, may be preferred by virtue of its higher heat resistance.
  • the electrically insulating fluid may be a conventional insulation liquid (e.g. oil) which is used for liquid-filled transformers or other electrical equipment.
  • insulation liquid e.g. oil
  • insulating dielectric fluids such as petroleum-based oils and ester liquids are known for use as electrically insulating fluids.
  • a person skilled in the art would not have any problem choosing a suitable electrically insulating fluid, depending on the type of electrical equipment and its operating conditions, e.g. operating temperature.
  • the water absorbing element comprises a water absorbing polymer material, such as a cellulose-based (e.g. paper or paper board), polyacrylamide-based or silica-based (silica gel/beads) water absorbing material, or cotton or a clay. These are examples of moisture absorbing materials which may be used.
  • the water absorbing element is also arranged for removing/trapping particles from the electrically insulating fluid.
  • Cellulose is an example of a water absorbing material which also traps particles. Water absorbing materials are well-known in the field, e.g. from the documents referred to in the background section above.
  • Suitable properties of the water absorbing element such as cellulose type, molecular weight, particle size etc., are known from commercially available water absorbing products, also known as desiccants.
  • the skilled person may, based on the present disclosure, find other materials which may also be suitable, depending on e.g. the properties of the water resistant material, the properties of the electrically insulating fluid and/or the operating conditions of the electrical equipment.
  • the water absorbing element may comprise a material that at all operational temperatures of the electrical equipment has a substantially higher affinity for water than the insulating fluid has. The amount of water absorbing material in in the water absorbing element depends on e.g. the space available in the electrical equipment.
  • the water absorbing element can absorb between 0.01-1, such as between 0.1-1, litres of water per cubic metre of the electrically insulating fluid. This implies that the water absorbing element is present in such an amount/size that so much moisture can be absorbed under the operating conditions of the electrical equipment.
  • a plurality of discrete water absorbing elements may be present in the same equipment.
  • Electrical equipment is here defined as any equipment configured for being connectable to/conducting electrical current.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an electrical equipment of the present invention, here in the form of an electrical power transformer 1.
  • the power transformer 1 has housing 2 containing the electrical parts of the power transformer immersed in an insulating fluid 3.
  • the electrically insulating fluid 3 is in accordance with any embodiment thereof discussed herein, e.g. a mineral oil or an ester-based liquid.
  • a gas e.g. air, phase 6 may be present within the housing and above a top surface of a liquid fluid 3.
  • the electrical parts of the power transformer 1 comprises a metal core 4 surrounded by coils/windings 5 of electrical conductors 8 and 10.
  • a tap changer (schematically shown at 13) can be used to tap into different positions in the windings 5 for adjusting the voltage of the power transformer 1.
  • the tap changer 13 includes a compartment which separates the insulating fluid within the tap changer from the rest of the insulating fluid 3 in the transformer 1.
  • an incoming electrical conductor 8 enters within the housing 2 via a bushing 7
  • an outgoing electrical conductor 10 exits the housing 2 via a bushing 10.
  • the transformer 1, or other electrical equipment in which such fluid 3 is used, may e.g.
  • a high temperature or high voltage power transformer or a high voltage electrical motor or other high voltage equipment, arranged to operate at a temperature which is higher than the normal operating temperature for a mineral oil derived insulating fluid, e.g. an operating temperature of above, 160°C, 180°C or above 200°C.
  • a water absorbing element 11 In the transformer 1, in contact with the electrically insulating fluid 3, a water absorbing element 11 is located.
  • the water absorbing element 11 (could also be called e.g. a moisture absorber) may be located anywhere within the electrical equipment 1 where it can conveniently absorb moisture without being in the way of the normal operation of the equipment 1.
  • the water absorbing element may also function as filter or particle trap for trapping and thus removing particles from the insulating fluid 3. By also removing particles, the wear of the equipment may be reduced since particles may get stuck in moving parts of the equipment and cause abrasion. Both removal of moisture and removal of particles may extend the time before the insulating fluid 3 may have to be exchanged.
  • the water absorbing element 11 may be located inside a tap changer of the power transformer 1, in order to keep the fluid 3 therein dry for an extended period of time.
  • the electrical equipment 1 may not always be filled with the insulating fluid 3. Rather, it may be delivered without the fluid, whereby the fluid may be added later when the equipment is put into operational use.
  • the water absorbing element may be added or dried, before the fluid, e.g. oil, 3 is added into the equipment 1.
  • the water absorbing element 11 absorbs moisture (i.e. water) from e.g. the air surrounding it, thus reducing the capacity of the water absorbing element 11 for its intended use of absorbing moisture from the insulating fluid 3.
  • the water absorbing element 11 is associated with a water resistant material 12 which inhibits/prevents the water absorbing element from absorbing water from its surroundings.
  • the water absorbing element 11 may e.g. be coated by the water resistant material 12, or otherwise enclosed in the water resistant material 12, or it may be impregnated with the water resistant material 12.
  • the manner of association between the water resistant material 12 and the water absorbing element 11 may be chosen based on the properties of the water resistant material 12 chosen.
  • a polymeric/plastic water resistant material 12 may e.g. be made into a packaging or a film within which the water absorbing element 11 can be enclosed.
  • a wax or lipid may e.g.
  • the water resistant material 12 is dissolvable in the insulating fluid 3 which the equipment 1 is configured to be filled with. This implies that once the equipment is filled with the fluid 3, and the fluid 3 contacts the water absorbing element 11 protected by the water resistant material 12, the water resistant material 12 starts to dissolve in the insulating fluid, eventually no longer inhibiting/preventing the water absorbing element 11 from absorbing water from its surrounding medium (now comprising or consisting of the insulating fluid).
  • the water absorbing element 11 is then fully immersed in the insulating fluid 3, but in some embodiments it may be only partly immersed therein.
  • the water absorbing element 11 is then freed to perform its intended function of absorbing moisture from the insulating fluid, and can do so for a longer time than if it had already partly been saturated with moisture from e.g. air.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a tap changer 13 of the present disclosure.
  • the tap changer is configured for use in an electrical power transformer 1 for switching between different taps in the winding of the transformer.
  • the tap changer 13 comprises a housing 22 enclosing the tap changer, forming the outer surface of the tap changer, however still allowing parts of the tap changer e.g. parts of a switch 23 to extend outside of the housing 22.
  • the housing 22 of the tap changer 13 is filled with the electrically insulating liquid fluid 3 e.g. a mineral or ester oil.
  • the tap changer is configured to be positioned in the transformer such that a switch 23 of the tap changer 13 is arranged at the bottom region of the tap changer, at least partly within the housing 22, whereby insulation fluid 3 can be heated by the electrical components of e.g. the switch and rise upwards within the housing 22.
  • insulation fluid 3 can be heated by the electrical components of e.g. the switch and rise upwards within the housing 22.
  • a natural circulation of the fluid is achieved within the housing of the tap changer.
  • This natural circulation gives rise to an upward flow 25 of the fluid 3, as well as an adjacent downward flow 27.
  • the upward flow 25 is created at the centre along a central longitudinal axis of the housing 22, while the downward flow 27 is more peripherally located within the housing 22, if the housing approximates a cylinder in shape.
  • a water absorbing element 11 which may also act as a particle trap is positioned inside the housing 22 such that it intercepts a flow of the fluid 3, allows at least a part of the flow to pass through the water absorbing element 11.
  • the water absorbing element 11 is prior to immersing it in the insulating fluid 3 protected by a water resistant material 12 which is then dissolved by the fluid 3 whereby the fluid is allowed to come into contact with the water absorbing material of the water absorbing element 11.
  • the water absorbing element/particle trap 11 may intercept an upward flow 25 and/or a downward flow 27 of the fluid 3.
  • the water absorbing element/particle trap does not have to intercept the whole flow 25 or 27, although it may be desirable to intercept as much as possible in order to achieve efficient moisture and/or particle removal.
  • the water absorbing element 11 may be a passive particle trap which allows the fluid 3 flow to pass through it whereby particles are trapped/deposited within the water absorbing element.
  • the water absorbing element 11 may e.g. comprise a filter which mechanically traps the particles and/or which electrostatically or otherwise binds or adsorbs the particles, depending on the material(s) used for the filter.
  • the water absorbing element may comprise a labyrinth comprising a material which traps the particles e.g. electrostatically or otherwise binds adsorbs the particles.
  • the water absorbing material used in the water absorbing element 11 may also trap particles to at least some extent. Additional particle trapping material or functions may also be used in the water absorbing element 11 if convenient. The water absorbing element 11 may thus remove both moisture and particles from the fluid 3, further extending the life of the insulating fluid 3 as well as of the tap changer 13.
  • the water absorbing element 11 may mainly be arranged to trap smaller particles which do not sediment. This also prolongs the life time of the water absorbing element since it takes longer for it to be clogged by the trapped particles if fewer large particles are trapped.
  • a suitable material which can be used in the water absorbing element 11 for trapping both moisture and the particles is cellulose, but a person skilled in the art may also know of other suitable water absorbing materials which may also to at least some extent trap particles from the insulating fluid 3.
  • the fluid 3 is mainly heated by at least one transition resistor 28 during switching of the switch 23, causing the central upward flow 25 of the fluid. As the upward flow 25 travels upwards, the fluid therein is cooled down, creating the peripheral downward flow 27.
  • a heat exchanger (not shown) at the top of the tap changer 13 can be used to additionally cool the fluid 3.
  • a guide 29 is used to additionally guide the upward and/or downward flows 25 and 27 to the water absorbing element 11 and to control the natural circulation.
  • the guide 29 may e.g. be essentially rotation symmetrical to form a funnel facing downward.
  • the natural circulation with the upward flow 25 and the downward flow 27 is illustrated with arrows.
  • the flows 25 and 27 are essentially parallel and adjacent to each other, but in opposite directions.
  • the guide 29 can guide the upward flow 25 and/or the downward flow 27 e.g. by concentrating the upward flow 25 when it passes through a funnel-shaped guide 29, as illustrated by the upward flow 25 arrows within the funnel 29 in figure 2 .
  • the naturally circulating fluid 3 is cooled down, possibly also assisted by a cooling heat exchanger at the top of the housing, and forms part of the downward flow 27.
  • the downward flow 27 is more peripheral than the concentrated upward flow 25 and is thus intercepted and guided by the outside of the funnel-shaped guide 29.
  • the guide 29 guides the downward flow 27 to the water absorbing element 11 which in the embodiment of figure 2 is attached to the outside of guide 29. Possibly the water absorbing element 11 is also essentially rotation symmetrical and attached along the circumference of the funnel 29.
  • the water absorbing element 11 (possibly also acting as a particle trap) in figure 2 is attached to the guide 29 which guides the downward flow 27 of the naturally circulating fluid 3.
  • the water absorbing element 11 is in the form of a labyrinth through which at least a part of the downward flow 27 passes.
  • the labyrinth may comprise a material, such as cellulose, suitable for absorbing moisture and/or trapping particles, especially small particles such as metallic wear particles.
  • a method is performed in an embodiment of a tap changer 13 of the present disclosure.
  • a part of the electrically insulating fluid 3 is heated by heat generated by a transition resistor 28 of an electrical switch 23 in the tap changer 13, whereby an upward flow 25 of the electrically insulating fluid is created through natural circulation of the electrically insulating fluid in the tap changer.
  • the upward flow 25 is intercepted and guided by an inside of a funnel-shaped guide 29 arranged facing downwards in the tap changer 13, whereby the upward flow is concentrated by passing through the funnel-shaped guide.
  • the upward flow 25 is cooled above the funnel-shaped guide 29 in the tap changer 13, whereby a downward flow 27 of the electrically insulating fluid 3 is created through natural circulation of the electrically insulating fluid in the tap changer.
  • the downward flow 27 is intercepted and guided by an outside of the funnel-shaped guide 29, whereby said downward flow is guided by the guide such that at least a part of the downward flow passes through a water absorbing element 11 in the tap changer 13. At least some particles as well as moisture carried by the downward flow 27 in the water absorbing element 11 may be are trapped, thereby removing said particles from the electrically insulating fluid 3.
  • the electrical switch 23 comprises at least one transition resistor 28, wherein the natural circulation, when the tap changer is in use, is caused at least partly by heat generated by said at least one resistor.
  • a resistance is used in the switch in order to not short circuit the step of the winding in the transformer when changing from one tap to another tap. This resistance is called the transition resistance and generates heat at each tap change, thus resulting in the natural circulation discussed herein. Additionally or alternatively, a more continuous resistance may be used to give more continuous heating and natural circulation, but this requires higher energy use.
  • the transition resistance is enough to give sufficient circulation, although additional heating, e.g. by means of heating elements at the bottom region of the tap changer, is also possible and may be used in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a guide 29 is positioned inside the housing 22 and arranged for guiding the flow 25, 27 of the electrically insulating fluid 3 caused by natural circulation to the water absorbing element 11 (possibly also acting as a particle trap).
  • the guide 29 is funnel-shaped. In some embodiments, the funnel-shaped guide 29 is arranged to collect and concentrate an upward flow 25 of the electrically insulating fluid which is then cooled and forms a downward flow 27 to the intercepting water absorbing element 11 positioned outside of the funnel-shaped guide. In some embodiments, the water absorbing element 11 is attached to the guide 29.
  • the water absorbing element 11 is in the form of a filter and/or of a labyrinth.
  • the water absorbing element 11 comprises cellulose for trapping moisture and/or particles.
  • the water absorbing element 11 is configured to trap small particles, not settling particles, having a typical particle size of less than 100 ⁇ m but most particles will be smaller than 10 ⁇ m or even 1 ⁇ m. But the size of the particles not settling depends on the used fluid viscosity and the actual particle density.
  • the tap changer 13 is configured for being used in an electrical power transformer having a system voltage of at least 1 kilovolt. Higher voltages will increase the dielectrical forces and the need for clean surfaces, therefore is the removal of the particles of higher importance.
  • a method of removing moisture and particles from an electrically insulating fluid 3 in a tap changer 13 for an electrical power transformer 1 comprising: heating a part of the electrically insulating fluid with heat generated by a resistor 28 of an electrical switch 23 in the tap changer, whereby an upward flow of the electrically insulating fluid is created through natural circulation of the electrically insulating fluid in the tap changer; allowing said upward flow to be intercepted by an inside of a funnel-shaped guide 29 arranged facing downwards in the tap changer, whereby the upward flow is concentrated by passing through the funnel-shaped guide; cooling the upward flow above the funnel-shaped guide in the tap changer, whereby a downward flow of the electrically insulating fluid is created through natural circulation of the electrically insulating fluid in the tap changer; allowing said downward flow to be intercepted by an outside of the funnel-shaped guide 29, whereby said downward flow is guided by the guide such that at least a part of the downward flow passes through a water absorbing element 11 in the
  • a tap changer 13 for an electrical power transformer 1 comprising: means for heating a part of the electrically insulating fluid 3 with heat generated by an electrical switch 23 in the tap changer, whereby an upward flow 25 of the electrically insulating fluid is created through natural circulation of the electrically insulating fluid in the tap changer; means for cooling the upward flow 25, whereby a downward flow 27 of the electrically insulating fluid 3 is created through natural circulation of the electrically insulating fluid in the tap changer; and means for trapping at least some particles carried by the upward flow and/or the downward flow in a water absorbing element 11 in the tap changer, through which particle trap at least a part of the flow and/or passes as a result of the natural circulation, thereby removing said particles (as well as moisture) from the electrically insulating fluid.
  • a tap changer 13 for an electrical power transformer 1 comprising: a housing 22 forming an outside of the tap changer, said housing being configured to be filled with an electrically insulating fluid 3; an electrical switch 23 positioned at least partly inside the housing and configured for switching between different taps of a transformer winding; a water absorbing element 11, positioned inside the housing such that it will intercept a flow of the electrically insulating fluid caused by natural circulation of said electrically insulating fluid when the tap changer is in use.
  • a water absorbing element 11 may be used for removing not only moisture but also to at lest some degree for removing particles from the insulation fluid 3 in an electrical equipment e.g. a tap changer of a transformer. It is an advantage to also be able to remove particles from the electrically insulating fluid 3 (typically a liquid such as mineral oil or an ester oil) by using a natural circulation of the fluid within the tap changer 13. Thereby, no pump is needed for circulating the fluid through e.g. a particle filter, and neither is any circulation loop needed.
  • an electrical equipment e.g. a tap changer of a transformer.
  • the natural circulation creates a flow within the tap changer, which flow can be intercepted by, and pass though the water absorbing element 11 which is also able to trap particles e.g. a filter or a labyrinth comprising a particle trapping (e.g. adsorbing) material.
  • Natural circulation implies that the circulation is achieved without pumping. Rather, the natural circulation is caused by temperature gradients in the fluid in combination with the act of gravity. As the fluid is heated, e.g. by heat loss from electrical components in the tap changer such as the transition resistors 28, the density of the fluid is reduced and the heated fluid will rise, thereby also allowing cooler fluid to descend within the tap changer.
  • a fluid flow caused by the natural circulation can then be intercepted by and pass through the water absorbing element 11 in accordance with the present disclosure, and no extra pump and circulation loop is needed.
  • the present disclosure has mainly been described above with reference to a few embodiments. However, as is readily appreciated by a person skilled in the art, other embodiments than the ones disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the present disclosure, as defined by the appended patent claims.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Équipement électrique (1) configuré pour comporter un fluide électriquement isolant (3), ledit équipement électrique comportant un élément (11) absorbant l'eau protégé par un matériau (12) résistant à l'eau qui empêche l'élément absorbant l'eau d'absorber de l'eau à partir de son environnement, ledit matériau résistant à l'eau pouvant être dissous par le fluide électriquement isolant.
  2. Équipement électrique selon la revendication 1, l'élément (11) absorbant l'eau étant imprégné du matériau (12) résistant à l'eau.
  3. Équipement électrique selon la revendication 1, l'élément (11) absorbant l'eau étant enrobé dans un emballage ou un film constitué du matériau (12) résistant à l'eau.
  4. Équipement électrique selon la revendication 1, le matériau (12) résistant à l'eau étant collé à des surfaces de l'élément (11) absorbant l'eau.
  5. Équipement électrique selon la revendication 1, l'élément absorbant l'eau étant enrobé dans une enveloppe résistant à l'eau qui est maintenue en place au moyen du matériau résistant à l'eau.
  6. Équipement électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, un guide (29) étant positionné à l'intérieur de l'équipement électrique (1) et agencé pour guider un écoulement (25, 27) du fluide électriquement isolant (3) jusqu'à l'élément (11) absorbant l'eau.
  7. Équipement électrique selon la revendication 6, le guide (29) étant agencé pour guider l'écoulement (25, 27) qui est causé par la circulation naturelle du fluide électriquement isolant (3).
  8. Équipement électrique selon la revendication 6 ou 7, le guide (29) présentant la forme d'un entonnoir.
  9. Équipement électrique selon la revendication 8, le guide (29) en forme d'entonnoir étant agencé pour recueillir et concentrer un écoulement ascendant (25) du fluide électriquement isolant (3), qui est ensuite refroidi et forme un écoulement descendant (27) jusqu'à l'élément (11) absorbant l'eau qui l'intercepte et est positionné à l'extérieur du guide en forme d'entonnoir.
  10. Équipement électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, l'élément (11) absorbant l'eau étant fixé audit guide (29).
  11. Équipement électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'élément (11) absorbant l'eau étant configuré pour piéger des particules présentes dans le fluide électriquement isolant (3) lorsqu'il est immergé dans celui-ci.
  12. Équipement électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le matériau (12) résistant à l'eau pouvant être entièrement dissous par le fluide électriquement isolant (3) dans un délai d'une semaine sous des conditions ordinaires de fonctionnement de l'équipement électrique (1), par exemple dans un délai de 48 ou de 24 heures.
  13. Équipement électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le matériau (12) résistant à l'eau étant une cire ou un lipide, comme de la vaseline, ou un polymère synthétique ou naturel, ou un matériau à base d'huile minérale ou d'ester.
  14. Équipement électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, l'équipement électrique (1) étant un changeur de prises en charge pour transformateur électrique de puissance.
  15. Équipement électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'élément (11) absorbant l'eau comportant un matériau polymère absorbant l'eau, tel qu'un matériau absorbant l'eau à base de cellulose, à base de polyacrylamide ou à base de silice, ou du coton ou une argile.
  16. Procédé d'élimination d'humidité et de particules d'un fluide électriquement isolant (3) dans un changeur (13) de prises pour transformateur électrique de puissance (1), le procédé comportant les étapes consistant à :
    chauffer une partie du fluide électriquement isolant avec de la chaleur générée par un commutateur électrique (23) dans le changeur de prises, un écoulement ascendant du fluide électriquement isolant étant ainsi créé par circulation naturelle du fluide électriquement isolant dans le changeur de prises ;
    refroidir l'écoulement ascendant, un écoulement descendant du fluide électriquement isolant étant ainsi créé par circulation naturelle du fluide électriquement isolant dans le changeur de prises ; et
    piéger au moins certaines particules transportées par l'écoulement ascendant et / ou l'écoulement descendant dans un élément (11) absorbant l'eau dans le changeur de prises, au moins une partie de l'écoulement passant à travers ledit élément absorbant l'eau du fait de la circulation naturelle, éliminant ainsi lesdites particules ainsi que l'humidité du fluide électriquement isolant.
EP14717149.0A 2013-04-17 2014-04-14 Absorbeur d'humidité dans un équipement électrique Active EP2987171B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14717149.0A EP2987171B1 (fr) 2013-04-17 2014-04-14 Absorbeur d'humidité dans un équipement électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13164089 2013-04-17
EP14717149.0A EP2987171B1 (fr) 2013-04-17 2014-04-14 Absorbeur d'humidité dans un équipement électrique
PCT/EP2014/057514 WO2014170263A1 (fr) 2013-04-17 2014-04-14 Absorbeur d'humidité d'équipement électrique

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EP2987171A1 EP2987171A1 (fr) 2016-02-24
EP2987171B1 true EP2987171B1 (fr) 2017-01-11

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US12266468B2 (en) 2018-12-12 2025-04-01 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Reducing ageing of an insulation material of a winding, in particular of an oil-impregnated high-voltage device

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US20170252721A1 (en) * 2016-03-07 2017-09-07 Virginia Transformer Corporation Transformer oil moisture removing apparatus
CN110534307A (zh) * 2019-09-20 2019-12-03 江苏康宇电力设备有限公司 一种变压器油水分去除装置
DE102020104650A1 (de) 2020-02-21 2021-08-26 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Energiespeichervorrichtung sowie Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Energiespeichervorrichtung

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DE4033172C1 (fr) * 1990-10-19 1992-05-21 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh, 8400 Regensburg, De
US5766464A (en) 1995-11-22 1998-06-16 Campbell; David C. Fluid filtration system positionable within a fluid-containing apparatus
JP2007221047A (ja) 2006-02-20 2007-08-30 Toshiba Corp 変圧器
JP2010258318A (ja) * 2009-04-28 2010-11-11 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The 吸湿呼吸装置
CN202134324U (zh) 2011-06-17 2012-02-01 平阴县供电公司 变压器有载调压开关储油柜

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US12266468B2 (en) 2018-12-12 2025-04-01 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Reducing ageing of an insulation material of a winding, in particular of an oil-impregnated high-voltage device

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WO2014170263A1 (fr) 2014-10-23
CN105612586B (zh) 2017-10-17
CN105612586A (zh) 2016-05-25
EP2987171A1 (fr) 2016-02-24

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