EP2890931B1 - Combustion furnace with a burner device for feeding a combustion gas/air mixture into the combustion chamber of a combustion furnace - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a kiln with a burner device for the supply of fuel gas and air mixture in the combustion chamber of a kiln according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for equipping a kiln with a combustion chamber with a burner device according to the preamble of claim 14.

It is known that furnaces are used, in particular to produce quick lime. Such furnaces are often tower-like structures, which have a combustion chamber in their interior. In this combustion chamber, the kiln is picked up and fired. In particular, burnt lime is produced in this way. In known kilns often a so-called mixed firing is used to produce the quick lime. By mixed firing is meant that the starting substrate with a Solid fuel is mixed and filled in the kiln. Coke or anthracite is often used as solid fuel in known lime kilns.

A disadvantage of known kilns is that due to the current world market situation for coke this solid fuel can expect significant price increases or has already become very expensive. Anthracite as a solid fuel is disadvantageous because it achieves in particular poorer exhaust gas results. Especially with regard to the exhaust gas composition and possibly necessary cleaning measures of the exhaust gas, the solid fuels are subject to disadvantages, especially with regard to increased environmental requirements. In principle, it is also already known that gaseous fuels come into question for the alternative firing of furnaces. This can be z. B. be natural gas. The introduction of such gaseous fuels is known to be carried out on burners, which are described in the jargon as a burner bar. Such burner beams have tube outlets, through which the fuel gas or the air can be introduced separately from each other and only takes place at an orifice in the combustion chamber mixing. However, it is disadvantageous in the use of burner beams that they extend transversely through the cross section of the combustion chamber and, in particular in the case of round cross sections of the furnace, areas, in particular edge areas, remain on the wall sections of the combustion chamber which can be filled with little or too little fuel gas. Be supplied mixture. This uneven distribution of the introduction of the fuel gas-air mixture leads to temperature differences on a plane (horizontal), so that not the desired temperature profile can be achieved across the board in the respective level within the combustion chamber. It is also disadvantageous in known burner chambers that they are often set up to introduce the fuel gas separately from the atmospheric oxygen necessary for the combustion into the combustion chamber. Frequently, a so-called mouth mixing takes place, so that only at the point of introduction via separate lines, the fuel gas and the necessary air are brought together. This significantly increases the complexity of such embodiments.

It is an object of the present invention to at least partially overcome the disadvantages described above. In particular, it is an object of the present invention, a kiln and a method for equipping a kiln with a To provide burner apparatus available, which allow in a cost effective and simple manner, an improved exhaust behavior and the possibility of using gaseous fuel. In particular, it is a further object of the present invention to carry out this technical solution as a retrofittable solution for existing kilns.

The above object is achieved by a kiln with a burner device having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 14.

Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings. In this case, features and details that are described in connection with the burner device according to the invention apply, of course, also in connection with the kiln according to the invention and the method according to the invention and in each case vice versa, so that with respect to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention always reciprocal reference is or can be ,

According to the invention, a kiln with a combustion chamber is provided. Further, at least one burner device for the supply of fuel gas and air mixture is provided in the combustion chamber. In the following paragraphs, the burner apparatus used in the kiln according to the invention will be described with different embodiments. It should be noted that, of course, a corresponding burner device alone already brings the advantages of the invention with it and thus also constitutes an object of the present invention. In other words, the burner device according to the invention is used as part of a furnace according to the invention in the described variants of the embodiment.

A burner device according to the invention serves to supply fuel gas-air mixture into the combustion chamber of a kiln. Such a burner device has at least one burner tube with tube outlets for the fuel gas-air mixture. This at least one burner tube is designed for an extension between two wall sections of the combustion chamber. A burner device according to the invention is characterized by at least one burner lance with at least one lance outlet for the fuel gas / air mixture is provided. This burner lance is designed for an extension through a wall section into the edge region of the combustion chamber.

A burner device according to the invention is used in particular for the common supply of fuel gas-air mixture and is also referred to as trademark GDS - gas distribution system. Already therein, this burner device differs from known burner devices, which are able to introduce gaseous fuel into a kiln, but only make the mixing of fuel gas and air available in an outlet port (muzzle mixing). Simply by supplying an already created fuel gas / air mixture from the beginning, the complexity of a burner device according to the invention and a control of such a burner device are significantly reduced. Thus, it is conceivable that each inventive burner device only one control valve for the gas or air supply is used to generate the fuel gas-air mixture. It is also possible within the scope of the invention that the fuel gas-air mixture supply for the burner lances can be controlled separately from the burner tubes.

The extension between two wall sections of a burner tube is to be understood as meaning that this burner tube is mechanically fixed or fastened to these two wall sections. Of course, it is possible that the respective burner tube extends through one or even through both wall sections, ie at both ends of the burner tube, through the respective wall section. The extension through the respective wall section can serve to allow a supply of the respective burner tube with the fuel gas-air mixture from outside the kiln.

Under wall sections in the context of the present invention, the volume (meaning: gap between two layers of the wall) to understand a portion of the wall of the combustion chamber. These volumes are often formed partly by a lining for heat protection. The wall of the burner tube is often formed multi-layered, so that outside there is a steel jacket, which is provided internally with the already mentioned fire protection wall. If the burner tube extends through the wall section, this extension takes place through all layers, ie in particular the fire protection wall and the steel jacket of the wall of the kiln.

A burner lance differs in the sense of the present invention from a burner tube in that it only at one end a fixing or storage, so that the opposite end, ie in particular the lance tip of the burner lance, freely projects into the combustion chamber or in this opens. Accordingly, a burner lance is geometrically simpler and, with regard to the free flow cross-section, it is equipped to convey fuel gas-air mixture, in particular smaller than the burner tube. Accordingly, it is advantageous if a plurality of burner lances is provided, which extend through the wall section into the edge region of the combustion chamber. The burner lance extends through all layers of Wandungsabschnittes.

As already explained, this wall section belonging to the burner lances has at least two layers, namely z. As a refractory lining within and a surrounding steel jacket. The extension of the burner lance takes place through both layers of this wall section.

For the purposes of the present invention, an edge region is to be understood as meaning the region which directly adjoins the surface of the wall portion. In particular, volume areas are to be understood that include a distance from the wall section up to approximately 20 cm. It is advantageous, however, if this edge region is kept particularly small. A particularly advantageous, in particular optimal embodiment of the present invention introduces the burner lance with a direct mouth on the surface of the wall section into the combustion chamber.

The lance outlet is preferably designed as an opening at the end of the burner lance. The opening edge of this Lanzenauslasses also extends flush with the surface of this wall section in a flush design of the burner lance with the Wandungsabschnittes. In other words, the burner lance ideally runs at least the largest part, preferably completely within the wall section, and projects in particular only a small part, preferably not at all, into the wall section Combustion chamber into it. Thus, the burner lance is also protected by heat from the wall section, in particular by the refractory lining and stored safely.

A decisive advantage of the present invention is that the already known burner tubes are combined with new burner lances, which now also allow the edge region, in particular in round or substantially round kilns, to be fired with fuel gas and air mixture. Thus, areas which are not or only poorly supplied by the burner tubes with fuel gas and air mixture, now also be supplied by the burner lances with the necessary fuel gas and air mixture. This measure leads to a wider and in particular better distributed supply of fuel gas and air mixture, so that the set temperature profile can be formed substantially constant over the entire plane (horizontal) of the kiln.

The individual components, in particular the burner tubes and the burner lance, are preferably designed such that they follow a substantially rectilinear longitudinal axis. This is of great advantage, since in this way a simple retrofit option for existing kilns can be made available. About holes which are introduced from the outside into the kiln, such axially extending burner tubes and burner lances can be inserted without large components of the kiln must be opened. In particular, already existing cylinder jacket rings of the kiln can be used further, so that construction costs and material costs are saved.

A kiln in the context of the present invention is in particular a kiln for burning lime, namely a so-called lime kiln. Preferably, it is used in the stone-earth industry and in sugar factories or soda factories, in which the resulting burnt lime is used for further processing in the production of sugar or soda.

The outlets, in particular the tube outlets and the at least one lance outlet, are in particular outlet openings. The outlet openings are in terms of their Alignment, so their outlet direction, and their Auslassart, so z. B. the geometric cross-sectional formation of these outlet openings, adapted to the particular application. So z. B. nozzle-like outlet openings as tube outlets and / or lance outlets in the context of the present invention conceivable. Venturi nozzles can also be formed here.

The tubes are in particular components with a substantially round cross section, which provides within a round free flow cross section. Of course, however, other geometric shapes for the burner tubes are possible, for. As oval, rectangular or square burner tubes.

The extension of the at least one burner tube takes place in particular between two mutually opposite wall sections of the combustion chamber. The opposite wall sections correlate with a substantially axial extent of the burner tube along a straight line. This leads to the already mentioned easy, inexpensive and quick retrofitting by a burner device according to the invention in existing kilns.

The burner lances are also designed in particular as tube lances, so that they too have an essentially straight course along an axis as an extension. In this way, the burner lances can be introduced by simple insertion, which are drilled in the jacket of a kiln. This also reduces the expense of retrofitting a burner device according to the invention.

In a burner device according to the invention, the firing is carried out by two different subunits. On the one hand, the main firing, ie the largest part of the fuel gas-air mixture is distributed through the burner tubes in the combustion chamber. The wall sections, which lie farthest from the burner tube to the side, are additionally supplied with fuel gas-air mixture by the burner lances. In this way, the already explained standardization of the supply of fuel gas-air mixture is achieved, so that an improved temperature distribution (horizontal) within the combustion chamber is the result.

In the case of a kiln, a temperature control, in particular a profiling in the vertical direction, takes place in that at least two or more burner devices according to the invention are used at different heights. Thus, a defined temperature profile can be specified in the vertical direction, so that a particularly high combustion temperature can be achieved, in particular in the upper region, ie in the region of the supply of fresh substrate. The further the vertical direction extends downwards, the further the substrate is already changed in the direction of burnt lime, that is to say in the direction of the reaction product. In this direction, it is possible that the temperature decreases, so that in the course of the vertical temperature profile from top to bottom, the temperature decreases. Consequently, at this point, a further burner device may be provided, which, however, is driven at a lower temperature than an overlying burner device. Even by the height-wise distance of the existing burner device from each other already the vertical temperature profile can be directly influenced. In the horizontal direction, ie perpendicular to this defined vertical temperature profile, a uniform distribution should be as uniform as possible in order to avoid bridging effects or channeling. This would otherwise lead to different lengths of residence of the substrate in the kiln, and consequently to uneven firing results.

The regulation of the temperature takes place in a burner device according to the invention in that the correlation between air and fuel gas in the fuel gas-air mixture is preset. For this purpose, individual fans may be provided, which set the preassembly of the fuel gas-air mixture in a common supply line for all burner tubes and / or for all burner lances of the burner device according to the invention. If a reduced temperature is desired, the proportion of air in the fuel gas-air mixture is varied. If a temperature increase can be achieved, an increase in the fuel gas content in the fuel gas-air mixture is carried out in the same manner, correspondingly particularly centrally, so that the tube outlets and the lance outlets with a corresponding change in the proportions of the fuel gas-air mixture in the Promote combustion chamber. This measure leads to a particularly cost-effective and simple embodiment of this temperature control.

If the burner tubes are guided at least through parts of the wall sections, these passageways through the wall sections are at least Sealed in sections and provided with a thermal expansion compensation. The same applies to the burner lances, which in principle extend through the respective wall section. The sealing takes place against leakage of fuel gas from the kiln and against the escape of flames. Since there are very high temperature differences between the operating situation and the mounting situation, these seals are preferably designed to provide a thermal expansion compensation. The thermal expansion is dependent on the selected material. There are two expansion directions to consider. On the one hand, an expansion along the longitudinal axis of the burner lances or the burner tubes is necessary. Thus, as it were, an axial displacement of sections of the burner tube or burner lance in the corresponding passage of the wall section. In addition, however, it is also necessary to provide a radial expansion compensation for temperature differences. In other words, when the temperature increases, the outside diameter of the passed burner tube or the burner lance passed through becomes larger, so that jamming and blasting of the associated insertion opening must be avoided. The same applies of course to the penetration of both a steel jacket, as well as the refractory lining of the kiln. Moreover, it is possible that in a burner device according to the invention a flame arrester is provided, which ensures that flames can not strike back after ignition in the gas supply or the supply of the fuel gas-air mixture.

To start the burning process preferably gas ignition burner are provided in a burner device according to the invention, which perform a direct ignition of the introduced fuel gas-air mixture. This leads to a significant reduction in the expense of process management, since compared to known burner devices no longer separately the oven must be preheated. This preheating takes place in known kilns by heating with z. B. solid fuels in the form of coke. Such a preheating can now be dispensed with, so that a direct ignition and thus an immediate provision of the defined process conditions takes place.

It is advantageous if, in a burner device according to the invention, the lance outlet and the tube outlets are arranged in one plane or essentially in one plane.

This means that they form a common burner level. The lance outlets or the pipe outlets are defined in terms of their vertical position in the kiln in particular with respect to the center of their free outlet cross-section. These centers are located on a plane or essentially on one plane, ie with only a small vertical offset from each other. This ensures that the supply of the fuel gas-air mixture also takes place substantially in one plane both through the burner lances in the edge regions of the wall sections as well as centrally in the kiln through the burner tubes. As already explained, a better homogenization or uniformization of the horizontal temperature profile can take place in this way.

It is also advantageous if, in a burner device according to the invention, a lance axis of the at least one burner lance to a plane spanned by the tube axes of at least two burner tubes an angle of more than about 5 °, in particular more than about 10 °, preferably more than about 15 °, more preferably in the range of about 20 °. In this case, based on the course of the kiln from bottom to top, the individual burner lances from top to bottom (towards the bottom of the kiln) inclined. This has the great advantage that the outlet openings of the lance outlets of the burner lances are protected in this way against clogging by the kiln. They are inclined downwards, so that possibly located in the area of the mouth of the lance outlets material is transported away by gravity from this mouth area. In addition, by adjusting the burner lances the outlet opening can be formed from a round cross section to an oval section or to an oval intersection, namely, when the section is perpendicular. This increases the free flow outlet cross section of this lance outlet with respect to the free flow cross section of the burner lance. In this way also an effective protection against clogging of this lance outlet is provided. The employment in the range of about 20 ° is to be preferred, since in this way a sufficient protection against clogging is provided and at the same time the introduction direction is not too steep down for the fuel gas-air mixture is selected.

In addition, it is advantageous if, in a burner device according to the invention, a lance axis of the at least one burner lance and a tube axis of the at least one burner tube extend in a plane or substantially in one plane. In this embodiment, which is partly contrary to the embodiment according to the preceding paragraph, a particularly compact vertical dimension construction of a burner device according to the invention is achieved. Thus, a reduced height is provided and beyond the cost of drilling for the introduction of the burner lance and the burner tubes reduced. This common plane can also be referred to as the vertical combustion height of the burner or burner device. All lances and all burner tubes together form a common burner device. Such burner devices may of course be provided at different heights several times in a kiln.

In addition, it is advantageous if in a burner device according to the invention a lance axis of the at least one burner lance with a tube axis of the at least one burner tube forms an angle in the range between approximately 30 ° and approximately 150 °. In particular, while the burner lance z. B. formed perpendicular to the axis of the burner tube. The individual lance axes of the burner lances can be aligned completely or substantially completely parallel to one another, as well as having angles to one another. In embodiments in which the lance axes are arranged at an angle to each other, they extend in particular radially with respect to a cylindrical design of the combustion chamber. Preferably, the described angles in the range between about 50 ° and about 120 ° or between about 70 ° and about 100 ° or preferably in the range formed by about 90 °. In particular, the axes of the burner tubes run parallel to one another, so that here too a reduction of the constructive effort of burner devices according to the invention can be achieved.

A further advantage is when, in a burner device according to the invention, the at least one burner lance has at least one lance outlet at the lance tip. This results in the position of the lance outlet being set axially against the end of the burner lance. The defined penetration depth of the lance automatically defines the outlet position of the lance outlet. This can cause unnecessary material for the burner lance and unnecessarily far intrusion of the burner lance into the combustion chamber be avoided. Rather, a defined positioning of the lance tip within the combustion chamber and thus a defined positioning of the lance outlet can be provided by a stop on the outside of the combustion chamber. In particular, the extension of the burner lance and thus also the positioning of the lance tip are optimized so that a particularly short extent through the wall section takes place. In particular, therefore, arranging the lance tip and thus the lance outlet is flush or substantially flush with the associated wall portion.

A further advantage is achieved if, in a burner device according to the invention, the tube outlets of the at least one burner tube and / or the lance outlets of the at least one burner lance are designed as nozzles. In this case, such a nozzle-like design can represent both in the outlet direction a reduction of the free flow cross-section, as well as in the exit direction an enlargement of the free flow cross-section. Depending on the application situation, the distribution direction, the distribution rate or other distribution parameters of the fuel gas / air mixture can thus be influenced and changed after discharge from the outlets. In particular, by means of a simple temperature control, which is based on a change in the air content in the fuel gas-air mixture, the desired uniform and in particular substantially constant distribution can be ensured by the corresponding outlets at different pressure conditions in the supply system of the fuel gas-air mixture. The individual tube outlets are preferably on one level and in particular extend on both sides of the burner tube. Thus, an improved horizontal distribution of the introduced and omitted fuel gas-air mixture can take place.

A further advantage is achieved if, in a burner device according to the invention, the at least one burner tube and / or the at least one burner lance have a cooling system. This cooling system allows the cooling of the at least one burner tube and / or the at least one burner lance. This cooling system serves to work with less expensive materials for the execution of the burner tubes and burner lances. In particular, by the use of such a cooling system Normal steel, a so-called St37 steel, can be used. This significantly reduces the cost of manufacturing a burner apparatus according to the invention.

The cooling system works preferably with a high cooling effect. In particular, high coolant flow rates, eg. B. in the form of water, use. Existing cooling temperatures are z. 40 ° C and outlet temperatures of about 60 ° C. Such a cooling system is thus an at least optional component of the burner device, so that it can be retrofitted together with the main components of the burner devices in existing kilns. In particular, this cooling system is designed as a double-jacket system inside or outside the lances or the burner tubes. Preferably, it is cooled with water or water with additives. Suitable additives are in particular corrosion protection and / or antifreeze additives. The corrosion protection serves a long cycle of use of the coolant and prevents the corrosion of the parts in contact. Frost protection is particularly advantageous when the burner device is at least partially operated outdoors or mainly with water. During service life during operation, damage to the piping may occur as soon as severe cooling, eg. B. in the winter months, the coolant, ie in particular the water, freezes in the tubes of the cooling circuit. Preferably, various heat exchangers, in particular two or more heat exchangers are provided in the cooling circuit to recover the heat energy of the cooling water, which is needed for the cooling of the burner lances. The energy gained or the dissipated heat can z. B. are used for the preheating of the fuel gas-air mixture, the fuel gas and / or the supplied air fraction. This further improves the combustion conditions, so that the combustion situation is improved in this way without additional expenditure of energy.

In addition, it is advantageous if in a burner device according to the invention, the cooling system has a cooling circuit, which is designed for natural convection in case of failure of the power supply. By this is meant that no forced delivery is necessary to maintain the refrigeration cycle. This can be ensured even in the case of a power failure, that until the complete stoppage of the kiln sufficient cooling the individual burner tubes and burner lances protects against damage caused by excessive heat. Thus, a reliability is achieved, which avoids major damage to the cooling system and the burner device in such an emergency.

It is also advantageous if, in a burner device according to the invention, the number of burner lances exceeds the number of burner tubes by a multiple. In particular, these are more than twice, preferably more than four times, more preferably more than six times. This is due to the fact that the burner lances do not take up the main constituent of the firing, but rather achieve a horizontal compensation for firing the edge areas for a balanced horizontal temperature level. Accordingly, work is done with a smaller flow cross-section for the burner lances in comparison to the flow cross-sections of the burner tubes. Since it depends mainly on the appropriate distribution, so a defined introduction in these marginal areas for the fuel gas-air mixture, accordingly, a higher number of burner lances in comparison to the number of burner tubes of advantage. Preferably, the distances between the burner lances are identical or equidistant from one another. The distance between the individual burner lances is also preferably smaller than the distance between the burner tubes. Preferably, all burner lances are formed in one plane or substantially in one plane.

In addition, it is an advantage if, in a burner device according to the invention, the burner lances are arranged on both opposite sides of the at least one burner tube. These are to be understood as meaning the sides in the direction of the main axial extension axis of the burner tubes. The burner lances are thus arranged on the left and right of the burner tube in the above-mentioned view. In particular, the burner tubes form an axis of symmetry or are part of a plane of symmetry about which the burner lances are arranged symmetrically or substantially symmetrically. This further reduces the complexity and above all the effort for producing a burner device according to the invention. Accordingly, all burner lances are therefore preferably identical to one another or substantially identical. The same applies to the burner tubes, which are also substantially identical or completely identical to each other. So can a reduction of part complexity take place, which in turn reduces the cost of the individual components of the burner lances and the burner tubes and the Ersatzteilbevoratung.

It may also be advantageous if at least one ignition burner is provided in a burner device according to the invention, which is designed for the ignition of the fuel gas-air mixture. Such a pilot burner is in particular a gas ignition burner, which is supplied with the same gaseous fuel, as well as the main burner device itself. Thus, at the beginning of the combustion process, an ignition of the introduced fuel gas-air mixture in a direct manner. Burning of solid fuel and an associated preheating of the furnace can be omitted in this way. This leads to the fact that the defined and above all advantageous afflicted combustion conditions are already available at the starting conditions of the firing process.

Likewise provided by the present invention is a kiln with a combustion chamber, in which at least one burner device according to the present invention for the supply of fuel gas and air mixture is arranged in the combustion chamber. Thus, a kiln according to the invention brings the same advantages as have been explained in detail with reference to a burner device according to the invention. In particular, this kiln is made by retrofitting an existing kiln, which z. B. was heated by the mixed combustion method with solid fuels. Thus, the entire benefit package of the present invention can already be made available for existing kilns by technical retrofitting at low cost. Preferably, such a kiln has two or more burner devices. The individual burner devices are arranged vertically offset from each other and in particular each extend substantially in a horizontal plane. The individual planes of the burner device are aligned substantially horizontally, so that the vertical axis of the kiln is substantially perpendicular to the associated planes of the burner devices. The different levels are operated with different parameters, so that z. For example, the upper burner device produces a short and therefore hard and hot flame while the lower burner device operates with a long and corresponding cooler flame. So can by the use of vertically shifted Burner devices the already explained vertical temperature profile can be set and even regulated. The entire kiln is preferably designed in the pressure mode, so that an exact control of the supplied gas streams can be present.

A kiln according to the invention can be further developed such that the at least one burner tube extends between two wall sections which, in particular, lie substantially opposite one another. This means that the at least one burner tube is mounted at least at these two Wandungsabschnitten. Preferably, the at least one burner tube also extends through at least one of these two wall sections, so that a penetration of the associated layers, namely the steel jacket and the refractory lining, is present. Through the burner tube, the fuel gas-air mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber.

It is also advantageous if, in a kiln according to the invention, the at least one burner lance extends through a wall section into the edge region of the combustion chamber. Thus, the same advantages are achieved as they have already been explained with reference to a burner device according to the invention to this point. In particular, this is the wall section, which is adjacent to the wall sections of the at least one burner tube. There are thus wall sections which are fired with the burner lance and other wall sections which are fired by the inlet regions of the burner tubes. The main component, namely the center of the kiln, is fired through the outlets in the burner tubes.

Likewise subject of the present invention may be a method for the operation of a kiln according to the invention. In particular, at least one burner device according to the present invention is used for this method. The regulation of the temperature by such a method in the kiln takes place by the variation of the air content in the fuel gas-air mixture. By using a burner device according to the invention, a method according to the invention for the operation of a kiln brings the same advantages as have been explained in detail with reference to a burner device according to the invention.

• Erzeugen von wenigstens einer Einbringöffnung für wenigstens ein Brennerrohr in wenigstens einem Wandungsabschnitt des Brennraums,
• Erzeugen von zumindest einer Einbringöffnung für zumindest eine Brennerlanze in wenigstens einem Wandungsabschnitt des Brennraums,
• Einführen des wenigstens einen Brennerrohres in die zugehörige Einbringöffnung,
• Einführen der zumindest einen Brennerlanze in die zugehörige Einbringöffnung.

A further subject of the present invention is a method for equipping a kiln with a combustion chamber with a burner device, comprising the following steps:

• Producing at least one introduction opening for at least one burner tube in at least one wall section of the combustion chamber,
• Producing at least one introduction opening for at least one burner lance in at least one wall section of the combustion chamber,
• Inserting the at least one burner tube into the associated introduction opening,
• Introducing the at least one burner lance into the associated introduction opening.

Of course, the steps of generating and introducing can also be combined with each other, so that in each case only one introduction opening is generated and immediately afterwards the corresponding component is introduced. The retrofitting of an already existing kiln with a burner device according to the invention is described by the method according to the invention. Accordingly, an inventive furnace is provided by a method according to the invention, so that this method brings about the same advantages as have been explained in detail with reference to a burner device according to the invention and accordingly also with reference to a kiln according to the invention.

The introduction openings are preferably sealed during or after the introduction, and provided with temperature compensation options. Such a method is used to convert a kiln, in particular from a solid fuel to a gas fuel. The assembly of the individual components, ie the burner tubes and the burner lances takes place z. B. using fixatives, in particular of flanges. Also, a cooling system can be provided, which is also formed in the form of individual steps for the equipment of the kiln. The execution of the method is preferably complete, in particular with regard to the complicated steps, from outside the kiln feasible. In particular, the introduction of the burner tube and / or the burner lance takes place from outside the kiln, so that here a reduction in the cost of carrying out such a method is the result.

Fig. 1

Querschnittdarstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Brennofens,

Fig. 2

schematische Querschnittdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Brennofens,

Fig. 3

Längsschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform einer Brennerlanze,

Fig. 4

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Brennofens in schematischer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 5

der Beginn des ersten Schritts eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,

Fig. 5b

ein weiterer Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und

Fig. 5c

der finale Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.

The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing figures. The terms "left", "right", "top" and "bottom" used herein refer to an alignment of the drawing figures with normally readable reference numerals. They show schematically:

Fig. 1

Cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a kiln according to the invention,

Fig. 2

schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a kiln according to the invention,

Fig. 3

Longitudinal section through an embodiment of a burner lance,

Fig. 4

a further embodiment of a kiln according to the invention in a schematic side view,

Fig. 5

the beginning of the first step of a method according to the invention,

Fig. 5b

a further step of a method according to the invention and

Fig. 5c

the final step of a method according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 a first embodiment of a kiln 100 according to the invention with a burner device 10 according to the invention is shown. The kiln 100 has a substantially cylindrical configuration and is in Fig. 1 in the plan view shown as a cross section. Inside the kiln 100, the combustion chamber 110 can be seen, which is filled substantially completely at this level with combustible material, that is to say with a substrate for producing a fire product. In particular, this kiln 100 is an oven for burning lime, preferably for use in the sugar industry.

As can be seen, the burner apparatus 10 of this embodiment has two burner tubes 20. These extend from left to right in the horizontal plane, what a Fig. 1 coincides with the plane of the drawing. The vertical extent of the kiln 100 thus protrudes perpendicularly from the plane of the drawing Fig. 1 up and down. The burner tubes 20 extend from left to right and can in this way fuel the main component and in particular the core of the combustion chamber 110 with a fuel gas-air mixture.

However, a problem remains with regard to the firing of the edge regions 122 above and below the two burner tubes 20. These regions are fired in accordance with the invention by the burner device 10 designed according to the invention by the burner lances 30. They are smaller in terms of the free flow cross-section and the total extension than the burner tubes 20 and extend substantially exclusively through the associated wall portions 120c and barely or not at all beyond the surface of these wall portions 120c out. This results in an output or supply of the fuel gas-air mixture in the edge region 122 of these wall sections 120c. The burner tubes 20 extend between two opposite wall sections 120a and 120b and even extend through these two opposite wall sections 120a and 120b. Outside of the kiln, accordingly also outside the wall 120, flange-like connections are provided for all burner lances 30 and for the two burner tubes 20, which serve to supply the fuel gas-air mixture. It should be noted that both the burner lances 30, as well as through the burner tubes 20 is already the finished mixture of the fuel gas-air mixture and no separate supply of atmospheric oxygen is necessary.

As can also be seen schematically, the tube axes II of the burner tubes 20 also extend from left to right in the plane of the drawing. The lance axes I of the burner lances 30 extend in the same plane in Fig. 1 from top to bottom and extend substantially perpendicular to the tube axes II. Thus, the individual lance axes I are in particular parallel to each other.

The Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a kiln 100, which differs from the embodiment of the Fig. 1 different. One difference is the extension of the burner tubes 20. These extend only through the one wall section 120b of the Wall 120 through and are mounted on the opposite wall portion 120a only at the surface or wall portion 120a fixing. Thus, there is the introduction of fuel gas-air mixture from the right and a distribution on the pipe outlets 22, which are formed as outlet openings.

Also in Fig. 2 The lance outlets 32 at the lance tips 34 of the burner lances 30 are shown schematically. As can be clearly seen, the individual burner lances 30 hardly extend beyond the respective wall section 120c, so that they protrude only slightly into the edge region 122 and thus directly this edge region Supply 122 with fuel gas and air mixture. The main extension of the burner lances 30 thus lies within the wall 120, in the associated wall section 120c.

The wall 120 of the embodiments, like the Fig. 1 and 2 show is in particular multi-layered structure. Thus, the outer part may be a protective jacket in the form of a steel jacket. Within this steel shell, a brick lining is often provided in a refractory manner, so that this represents the innermost layer of the respective wall section 120a, 120b and 120c.

In the Fig. 2 two different arrangements of the burner lances 30 are shown. The three upper burner lances 30 are aligned parallel to each other and have a right angle to the burner tubes 20. Alternatively or in combination, the burner lances 30 are provided at the lower wall portion 120c with substantially radially extending lance axes I. It is also conceivable in principle that the burner lances 30 are easily turned on, z. B. by about 15 ° to the horizontal, are arranged in the wall portion 120c, so that the lance tips 34 form the lowest point.

In Fig. 3 a variant is shown, as a nozzle-like design of the lance outlet opening 32 may be formed. In the present case, the corresponding nozzle expands outwards, whereby blockages of the lance outlet opening 32 can be reliably avoided. This lance outlet 32 is positioned on the lance tip 24 of the burner lance 30. Also in Fig. 3 illustrated is a possibility of a cooling jacket 42, which is part of a cooling system 40. So can circulating a cooling of the Burner lance 30 done, whereby the requirements for the material from which the burner lance 30 is made, can be lowered. In particular, therefore, the burner lance 30 made of mild steel, z. B. St37, be made. Preferably, stainless steels can also be used.

In Fig. 4 schematically the operation of such a cooling system 40 is shown. This cooling system 40 is connected to all the burner tubes 20 and burner lances 30 of the burner device 10, wherein Fig. 4 only shows the connections to the right two burner lances 30 for clarity. Within the cooling system 40, two heat exchangers 44 are provided here in order to be able to dissipate the existing heat better and more specifically. One or both of these heat exchangers 44 serve to use the dissipated heat in the cooling of the coolant for the preheating of the fuel gas-air mixture prior to introduction through the burner tubes 20 and the burner lances 30. As a coolant in particular water is used, which z. B. is treated with corrosion inhibitor and / or antifreeze.

Further shows the Fig. 4 a variant in which the burner lances 30 are formed inclined from top to bottom (see lower burner apparatus 10 with a horizontal line). In this way, the clogging of the lance outlets 32 with material within the combustion chamber 110 is effectively avoided. The employment takes place in particular by an angle of approximately 20 ° relative to the horizontal plane of the tube axes II.

The Fig. 5a to 5c show schematically how a retrofit process is performed in a kiln 100 of known type. A kiln 100, which is previously fired with solid fuel, is equipped in accordance with the invention that of Fig. 5a on Fig. 5b In the wall portion 120 c of the kiln 100 of the wall 120, an insertion opening 130 a and 130 b is introduced. This is done, for example, by a core hole in the wall 120. If this insertion opening 130a or 130b is produced, then, preferably from outside the combustion chamber 110, from outside to inside (in the Fig. 5c from right to left) the burner lance 30 are introduced. The insertion takes place along the lance axis I of the burner lance 30, which preferably runs parallel, in particular coaxially, with the central axis of the respective insertion opening 130a or 130b. In addition, a seal can still be achieved, so that about sealant a sealing of the combustion chamber 110 is carried out to the outside. Also, a thermal expansion compensation can be provided in these introduction openings 130a and 130b.

The above explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention solely by way of example. Of course, individual features of the present invention, if technically feasible, can be freely combined with one another without departing from the scope of the present claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

burner device

20

burner tube

22

tube outlet

30

burnerlance

32

Lanzenauslass

34

spearhead

40

cooling system

42

cooling jacket

44

heat exchangers

100

kiln

110

combustion chamber

120

wall

120a

wall section

120b

wall section

120c

wall section

122

border area

130a

introduction opening

130b

introduction opening

I

lance axis

II

pipe axis

Claims (14)

1. A kiln (100) with a combustion chamber (110), in which at least one burner device (10) for feeding combustion gas-air mixture into the combustion chamber (110) is arranged, wherein the burner device (10) for feeding combustion gas-air mixture into the combustion chamber (110) of a kiln (100) comprises at least one burner tube (20) with tube outlets (22) for the combustion gas-air mixture, which extends between two wall sections (120a, 120b) of the combustion chamber (110),
   characterized in that
   at least one burner lance (30) with at least one lance outlet (32) for the combustion gas-air mixture is provided, which extends through a wall section (120c) into the edge region (122) of the combustion chamber (110).
2. The kiln (100) according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the lance outlet (32) and the tube outlets (22) are arranged in a plane or substantially in a plane.
3. The kiln (100) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   a lance axis (I) of the at least one burner lance (30) has an angle, with respect to a plane defined by the tube axes (II) of at least two burner tubes (20), of more than approximately 5°, in particular of more than approximately 10°, preferably of more than approximately 15°, most preferably in the region of approximately 20°.
4. The kiln (100) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the at least one burner lance (30) has the at least one lance outlet (32) on the lance tip (34).
5. The kiln (100) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the tube outlets (22) of the at least one burner tube (20) and/or the lance outlets (32) of the at least one burner lance (30) are formed as nozzles.
6. The kiln (100) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the at least one burner tube (20) and/or the at least one burner lance (30) comprise a cooling system (40), which makes the cooling of the at least one burner tube (20) and/or the at least one burner lance (30) possible.
7. The kiln (100) according to claim 6,
   characterized in that
   the cooling system (40) comprises a cooling circuit which is designed for natural convection upon failure of the power supply.
8. The kiln (100) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the burner lances (30) are arranged on both opposite longitudinal sides of the at least one burner tube (20).
9. The kiln (100) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   at least one igniter is provided, which is designed for igniting the combustion gas-air mixture.
10. The kiln (10) according to claim 9,
    characterized in that
    at least one burner tube (20) extends between two wall sections (120a, 120b), which are in particular substantially located opposite one another.
11. The kiln (10) according to claim 9 or 10,
    characterized in that
    the at least one burner lance (30) extends through a wall section (120c) into the edge region (122) of the combustion chamber (110), in particular through a wall section (120c), which is located adjacent to the wall sections (120a, 120b) of the at least one burner tube (20).
12. The kiln (10) according to claim 9 to 11,
    characterized in that
    at least two burner devices (10) are provided at different heights spaced from one another in order to create a variable vertical temperature profile in the combustion chamber.
13. The kiln (10) according to claim 9 to 12,
    characterized in that
    at at least one burner device (10) a lance outlet (32) of a burner lance (30) is flush or substantially flush with a surface of the wall section from the combustion chamber (110).
14. A method for equipping a kiln (100) with a combustion chamber (110) with a burner device (10) for creating a kiln (100) with the features of one of the Claims 1 to 13, comprising the following steps:

    - creating at least one introduction opening (130a) for at least one burner tube (20) in at least one wall section (120a, 120b) of the combustion chamber (110),

    - creating at least one introduction opening (130b) for at least one burner lance (30) in at least one wall section (120c) of the combustion chamber (110),

    - introducing the at least one burner tube (20) into the associated introduction opening (130a),

    - introducing the at least one burner lance (30) into the associated introduction opening (130b).

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