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EP2792661B1 - Improved performance cylindrical explosive charge - Google Patents

Improved performance cylindrical explosive charge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2792661B1
EP2792661B1 EP14001249.3A EP14001249A EP2792661B1 EP 2792661 B1 EP2792661 B1 EP 2792661B1 EP 14001249 A EP14001249 A EP 14001249A EP 2792661 B1 EP2792661 B1 EP 2792661B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
explosive charge
metal powder
cylindrical explosive
mantle
mass
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EP14001249.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2792661A3 (en
EP2792661A2 (en
Inventor
Werner Arnold
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TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/08—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with a nitrated organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cylindrical explosive charge for an active system consisting of fractions of RDX or HMX, a metal powder and a plastic binder.
  • Modern and insensitive explosive charges consist predominantly of the explosives RDX (Hexogen) or HMX (Oktogen), which with plastic binders such as HTPB (Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene), whereby a high insensitivity to shock waves is achieved.
  • An increase in the pressure effect is achieved by admixing metal powders such as aluminum, boron, silicon or magnesium.
  • the mass fractions of the metal powder in relation to the other explosive charge components can not be increased arbitrarily.
  • the grain size of the metal powder is in the micrometer range, because then the surface to volume ratio increases greatly, i. the surface of the metal powder to be wetted increases disproportionately. Small grain sizes are interesting for increasing the blast effect.
  • shell charges in which the metal powder is applied as a cladding layer around a conventional nuclear charge.
  • the metal powder thus fills a hollow cylinder volume around an explosive charge core. Due to the detonation of the nuclear charge this Metallpulvermantel is heated by the continuous shock wave and then accelerated laterally outward.
  • the metal powder is initiated to a combustion reaction and in the course more and more with the surrounding air mixed and held by the air-oxygen burning. Due to the resulting hot gases, the blast performance is increasingly increased.
  • Shroud charges are mainly used for indoor applications such as bunkers or buildings.
  • the delimiting walls reflect the resulting air shock waves back into the fireball again and again, while the fuel / air mixture is further heated and swirled with the air.
  • the walls limit the volume and thus prevent adiabatic expansion of the combustion volume, which cool the fuel mixture and thereby may force the termination of the chemical reactions.
  • the concrete structure of such a charge includes a large number of possible parameter variations, which make it possible to optimize such a charge with respect to the blast performance. Examples of this are on the one hand design parameters such as the ratio of core to shell mass, type of nuclear charge and the like. On the other hand, process parameters also play a role, such as the structure and nature of the shell, i. the binder for the powder material. In addition to the blast performance, the physical durability of the mantle charge has to be ensured over a long period of time and the reproducibility of the blast performance must nevertheless be ensured.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to develop a novel charge build-up in the context of the already mentioned optimization of the parameters, in which within a small bandwidth, the maximum possible blast performance can be achieved.
  • the object is achieved by a combination of features, with a cylindrical explosive charge core, consisting of RDX (hexogen) or HMX (octogen) with a weight fraction of 85-96 wt.% (Depending on whether the production of the charge core takes place in the casting or pressing process 90% or 96% by weight, respectively) mixed with a plastic binder with a weight fraction of 15-4% by weight of HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene), and a tubular casing of a metal powder, such as aluminum, immediately surrounding the cylindrical explosive charge core , Boron, silicon or magnesium, wherein the mean of the particle sizes of the metal powder in so-called mono-modal mixtures is 4 ⁇ m +/- 10%, and in bi-modal mixtures additionally a component of higher particle size of on average 35 ⁇ m + / - Contains 10%, with a proportion of coarse: fine of typically 2: 1, wherein at least a subset of the grains of the metal powder as a result of sintering aneinande and wherein
  • a cylindrical explosive charge has proven to be sufficient to produce a good blast performance in rooms.
  • a charge length to outer diameter ratio (L / D) of 1-5 can be achieved without having to accept blast performance losses.
  • Near-lying external shapes that could theoretically promote air blending e.g., zig-zag wrap shapes
  • the explosive charge core has in its detonation the task of heating the existing metal shell by the continuous shock wave, at the same time to initiate the combustion reaction and to accelerate it radially outward. In the course of the partially burning metal powder mixture is swirled with the air, so that an optimal fast combustion of equip is.
  • the explosive charge core should be as explosive as possible, but also insensitive. Plastic-bonded explosive charges (cast or pressed) with 85-96 wt.% HMX contents and 15-4 wt.% Binder components (preferably HTPB) are best suited.
  • the core mass must not be too large (the ⁇ not too small), otherwise the mantle mass is too low, but this is mainly responsible for the high Blast juice.
  • the jacket with the mass M M offers the greatest potential for optimization in terms of blast performance, but also in terms of process engineering, such as reproducibility etc.
  • the material must consist of metal powders of high heat of combustion. In principle, therefore, all metal powders of high heat of combustion, which have already been mentioned above (for example Al, B, Si, Mg, etc.), are suitable. These can theoretically be used as fuel. In practice, however, there are other selection criteria and features that distinguish certain metal powders from others in this application. These criteria are manifold.
  • Aluminum powder has proven to be a proven material and very suitable for blast performance.
  • the grain size variation gave best values for monomodal mixtures in the range of a few micrometers (mean value about 4 ⁇ m) and for bi-modal mixtures with an additional component of higher particle size (mean value about 35 ⁇ m), with a coarse: fine fraction of typical 2: 1.
  • Boron has significant advantages in terms of high heat of combustion compared to all other metal powders.
  • the addition of aluminum powder acts catalyzing here.
  • the test series showed similarly good blast results as with aluminum once the boron was processed to B / Al powder blends in the ratio of about 1/5 to 3/5, with maximum at 2/5.
  • the existing metal powder coat has certain advantages in unbound powder form with respect.
  • the voids between the powder grains act as so-called "hot spots" for the initiation of combustion.
  • there are also significant disadvantages that cause the powder must be bound with plastic binder.
  • HTPB hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
  • HTPB also participates in the chemical reaction.
  • DOA dioctyl adipate
  • IPN isopropyl nitrate
  • An essential concept of bonding and protecting the metal powder matrix is its sintering, without the addition of organic binder materials such as e.g. HTPB.
  • the sintering process is not the classical process that results in a continuous non-porous piece of metal, but rather such that a strong shock wave (caused by the detonation of the nuclear charge) re-disassembles the partially sintered metal powder into its constituent parts, allowing its subsequent combustion to proceed unimpeded.
  • a strong shock wave caused by the detonation of the nuclear charge
  • the feasibility of such sintering technologies has already been provided experimentally. This is a kind of "gluing" (by melting) of the individual metal particles.
  • a thin Al end cover for extended protection of the cargo can also be provided here.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine zylindrische Sprengladung für ein Wirksystem bestehend aus Anteilen von RDX oder HMX, einem Metallpulver und einem Kunststoff-Binder.The invention relates to a cylindrical explosive charge for an active system consisting of fractions of RDX or HMX, a metal powder and a plastic binder.

Moderne und unempfindliche Sprengladungen bestehen überwiegend aus den Sprengstoffen RDX (Hexogen) oder HMX (Oktogen), welche mit Kunststoffbindern wie beispielsweise HTPB (Hydroxyl-Terminiertes Polybutadien), wodurch eine hohe Unempfindlichkeit gegen Stoßwellen erreicht wird. Eine Erhöhung der Druckwirkung, üblicherweise als Blaststeigerung bezeichnet, wird durch Zumischung von Metallpulvern wie beispielsweise Aluminium, Bor, Silizium oder Magnesium erreicht.Modern and insensitive explosive charges consist predominantly of the explosives RDX (Hexogen) or HMX (Oktogen), which with plastic binders such as HTPB (Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene), whereby a high insensitivity to shock waves is achieved. An increase in the pressure effect, usually referred to as blast increase, is achieved by admixing metal powders such as aluminum, boron, silicon or magnesium.

Aus Viskositätsgründen können die Massenanteile des Metallpulvers im Verhältnis zu den anderen Sprengladungsanteilen jedoch nicht beliebig gesteigert werden. Insbesondere dann nicht, wenn die Korngröße des Metallpulvers im Mikrometer-Bereich liegt, da dann das Oberflächen- zu Volumenverhältnis stark zunimmt, d.h. die zu benetzende Oberfläche des Metallpulvers überproportional anwächst. Kleine Korngrößen sind aber interessant für die Steigerung der Blastwirkung.However, for viscosity reasons, the mass fractions of the metal powder in relation to the other explosive charge components can not be increased arbitrarily. In particular, not when the grain size of the metal powder is in the micrometer range, because then the surface to volume ratio increases greatly, i. the surface of the metal powder to be wetted increases disproportionately. Small grain sizes are interesting for increasing the blast effect.

Eine Alternative hierzu sind so genannte "Mantelladungen", bei denen das Metallpulver als Mantelschicht um eine konventionelle Kernladung angebracht wird. Das Metallpulver füllt also ein Hohlzylindervolumen um einen Sprengladungskern aus. Aufgrund der Detonation der Kernladung wird dieser Metallpulvermantel durch die durchlaufende Stoßwelle aufgeheizt und anschließend lateral nach außen beschleunigt. Hierbei wird das Metallpulver zu einer Verbrennungsreaktion initiiert und im weiteren Verlauf mehr und mehr mit der umgebenden Luft vermischt und durch den Luft-Sauerstoff am Brennen gehalten. Durch die dabei entstehenden heißen Gase wird die Blastleistung zunehmend gesteigert.An alternative to this are so-called "shell charges", in which the metal powder is applied as a cladding layer around a conventional nuclear charge. The metal powder thus fills a hollow cylinder volume around an explosive charge core. Due to the detonation of the nuclear charge this Metallpulvermantel is heated by the continuous shock wave and then accelerated laterally outward. Here, the metal powder is initiated to a combustion reaction and in the course more and more with the surrounding air mixed and held by the air-oxygen burning. Due to the resulting hot gases, the blast performance is increasingly increased.

Mantelladungen werden hauptsächlich für die Anwendung in Innenräumen wie beispielsweise Bunker oder Gebäude eingesetzt. Die begrenzenden Wände reflektieren die entstehenden Luft-Stoßwellen immer wieder zurück in den Feuerball, wobei das Brennstoff- / Luftgemisch weiter aufgeheizt und mit der Luft verwirbelt wird. Überdies begrenzen die Wände das Volumen und verhindern so eine adiabatische Expansion des Verbrennungsvolumens, welche das Brennstoffgemisch abkühlen und dadurch unter Umständen den Abbruch der chemischen Reaktionen erzwingen können.Shroud charges are mainly used for indoor applications such as bunkers or buildings. The delimiting walls reflect the resulting air shock waves back into the fireball again and again, while the fuel / air mixture is further heated and swirled with the air. In addition, the walls limit the volume and thus prevent adiabatic expansion of the combustion volume, which cool the fuel mixture and thereby may force the termination of the chemical reactions.

Der konkrete Aufbau einer solchen Ladung beinhaltet jedoch eine hohe Anzahl möglicher Parametervariationen, die es ermöglichen, eine solche Ladung bzgl. der Blastleistung zu optimieren. Beispiele hierfür sind zum einen Designparameter wie etwa das Verhältnis von Kern- zu Mantelmasse, Art der Kernladung und dergleichen mehr. Aber zum anderen spielen auch verfahrenstechnische Parameter eine Rolle, wie etwa Aufbau und Beschaffenheit des Mantels, d.h. des Binders für das Pulvermaterial. Es muss neben der Blastleistung auch die physikalische Haltbarkeit der Mantel-Ladung über einen langen Zeitraum gewährleistet sein und dennoch auch die Reproduzierbarkeit der BlastLeistungsfähigkeit sichergestellt sein.The concrete structure of such a charge, however, includes a large number of possible parameter variations, which make it possible to optimize such a charge with respect to the blast performance. Examples of this are on the one hand design parameters such as the ratio of core to shell mass, type of nuclear charge and the like. On the other hand, process parameters also play a role, such as the structure and nature of the shell, i. the binder for the powder material. In addition to the blast performance, the physical durability of the mantle charge has to be ensured over a long period of time and the reproducibility of the blast performance must nevertheless be ensured.

Daraus ergibt sich jedoch für einen Fachmann keine konkrete Angabe, für welchen Anwendungszweck er im Rahmen der angegebenen Bandbreiten ein Optimum an Leistungsabgabe erwarten darf. Es ist ohne Zweifel, dass innerhalb der angegebenen Bandbreiten eine mehr oder weniger hohe Leistung erzielt werden kann, es wird jedoch kein Hinweis darauf gegeben, bei welcher Zusammensetzung der Sprengladung das Optimum für eine bestimmte Anwendung erwartet werden darf.However, for a person skilled in the art, this does not result in a specific specification for which application he may expect an optimum power output within the specified bandwidths. There is no doubt that more or less high performance can be achieved within the specified bandwidths, but no indication is given as to the composition of the explosive charge which may be expected to be optimum for a particular application.

Beispielsweise beschreibt US 6,955,732 B1 eine Sprengladung, welche in einer sauerstoffarmen Umgebung eine relativ hohe Blastleistung aufweist.For example, describes US Pat. No. 6,955,732 B1 an explosive charge, which has a relatively high blast performance in an oxygen-poor environment.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen neuartigen Ladungsaufbau im Rahmen der bereits angesprochenen Optimierung der Parameter zu entwickeln, bei dem innerhalb einer geringen Bandbreite die maximal mögliche Blastleistung erzielbar ist.The invention is therefore based on the object to develop a novel charge build-up in the context of the already mentioned optimization of the parameters, in which within a small bandwidth, the maximum possible blast performance can be achieved.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Merkmalskombination gelöst, mit einem zylindrischen Sprengladungskern, bestehend aus RDX (Hexogen) oder HMX (Oktogen) mit einem Gewichtsanteil von 85-96 Gew. % (je nachdem ob die Herstellung des Ladungskerns im Gieß- bzw. Pressverfahren erfolgt: entsprechend max. 90 bzw. 96 Gew. %) vermischt mit einem Kunststoffbinder mit einem Gewichtsanteil von 15-4 Gew. % aus HTPB (Hydroxyl-Terminiertes Polybutadien), und einem rohrförmigen, den zylindrischen Sprengladungskern unmittelbar umgebenden Mantel aus einem Metallpulver wie Aluminium, Bor, Silizium oder Magnesium, wobei das Mittel der Korngrößen des Metallpulvers bei so genannten mono-modalen Mischungen bei 4 µm +/- 10% liegt, und bei bi-modalen Mischungen zusätzlich noch eine Komponente höherer Korngröße von im Mittel 35 µm +/- 10% beinhaltet, mit einem Anteil von grob:fein von typisch 2:1, wobei zumindest eine Teilmenge der Körner des Metallpulvers infolge einer Sinterung aneinander haftend verbunden ist, und wobei das Verhältnis von Länge zu Außendurchmesser (L/D) des zylindrischen Sprengladungskerns im Bereich von L/D = 1 - 5 liegt, und wobei das Verhältnis µ der Masse des Mantels (MM) zur Masse des Sprengladungskerns (MK) im Bereich von µ = 1,9 bis 3,3 liegt.The object is achieved by a combination of features, with a cylindrical explosive charge core, consisting of RDX (hexogen) or HMX (octogen) with a weight fraction of 85-96 wt.% (Depending on whether the production of the charge core takes place in the casting or pressing process 90% or 96% by weight, respectively) mixed with a plastic binder with a weight fraction of 15-4% by weight of HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene), and a tubular casing of a metal powder, such as aluminum, immediately surrounding the cylindrical explosive charge core , Boron, silicon or magnesium, wherein the mean of the particle sizes of the metal powder in so-called mono-modal mixtures is 4 μm +/- 10%, and in bi-modal mixtures additionally a component of higher particle size of on average 35 μm + / - Contains 10%, with a proportion of coarse: fine of typically 2: 1, wherein at least a subset of the grains of the metal powder as a result of sintering aneinande and wherein the ratio of length to outer diameter (L / D) of the cylindrical explosive charge core is in the range of L / D = 1-5, and wherein the ratio μ of the mass of the shell (M M ) to the mass of the explosive charge core (M K ) is in the range of μ = 1.9 to 3.3.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind den nachgeordneten Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.Advantageous developments can be found in the subordinate claims.

Durch umfangreiche Versuchsreihen konnten Designrichtlinien erarbeitet werden, mit deren Hilfe der neuartige Ladungsaufbau entwickelt wurde, dessen einzelne Komponenten im Folgenden erfindungsgemäß definiert werden.Extensive test series were used to develop design guidelines with the aid of which the novel charge structure was developed, the individual components of which are defined below in accordance with the invention.

Eine zylinderförmige Sprengladung hat sich als ausreichend erwiesen, um eine gute Blastleistung in Räumen zu erzeugen. Hierbei kann ein Ladungslängen- zu Außendurchmesser-Verhältnis (L/D) von 1 - 5 angestrebt werden, ohne Blastleistungs-Einbußen hinnehmen zu müssen. Nahe liegende äußere Formgebungen, die das Durchmischen mit der Luft theoretisch fördern könnten (beispielsweise Zick-Zack-Hüllenformen), bringen keine weiteren Vorteile.A cylindrical explosive charge has proven to be sufficient to produce a good blast performance in rooms. In this case, a charge length to outer diameter ratio (L / D) of 1-5 can be achieved without having to accept blast performance losses. Near-lying external shapes that could theoretically promote air blending (e.g., zig-zag wrap shapes) provide no further benefits.

Der Sprengladungskern hat bei seiner Detonation die Aufgabe, den aus Metall bestehenden Mantel durch die durchlaufende Stoßwelle aufzuheizen, ihn zugleich zur Verbrennungs-Reaktion zu initiieren und ihn radial nach außen zu beschleunigen. Im weiteren Verlauf wird das teilweise brennende Metallpulver-Gemisch mit der Luft verwirbelt, so dass eine optimale schnelle Verbrennung von statten geht. Der Sprengladungskern soll also so brisant als möglich, aber auch unempfindlich sein. Kunststoffgebundene Sprengladungen (gegossen bzw. gepresst) mit 85 - 96 Gew. % HMX-Anteilen und 15 - 4 Gew. % Binderanteilen (bevorzugt HTPB) eignen sich am besten.The explosive charge core has in its detonation the task of heating the existing metal shell by the continuous shock wave, at the same time to initiate the combustion reaction and to accelerate it radially outward. In the course of the partially burning metal powder mixture is swirled with the air, so that an optimal fast combustion of equip is. The explosive charge core should be as explosive as possible, but also insensitive. Plastic-bonded explosive charges (cast or pressed) with 85-96 wt.% HMX contents and 15-4 wt.% Binder components (preferably HTPB) are best suited.

Neben der Sprengladungsart des Sprengladungskerns ist dessen Masse (MK) relativ zur Mantelmasse (MM) der wichtigere und interessantere Parameter, da dieser tatsächlich optimiert und damit die Blastleistung maximiert werden kann:
Zum einen sollte die Kernladungsmasse so groß wie möglich sein, da dann die Geschwindigkeit und Durchwirbelung mit der Luft maximal ist: das Verhältnis µ = MM / MK ist in der Ballistik als so genanntes Gurney-Verhältnis bekannt und bestimmt die Geschwindigkeit der abgehenden Mantelmasse MM. Ein kleines µ ist für hohe Geschwindigkeiten gut.In addition to the type of explosive charge of the explosive charge core, its mass (M K ) relative to the jacket mass (M M ) is the more important and interesting parameter, since it is actually optimized and thus the blast performance can be maximized:
First, the atomic mass should be as large as possible, since then the speed and turbulence with the air is maximum: the ratio μ = M M / M K is known in ballistics as the so-called Gurney ratio and determines the speed of the outgoing mantle mass M M. A small μ is good for high speeds.

Zum anderen darf die Kernmasse aber auch nicht zu groß werden (das µ nicht zu klein), da sonst wiederum die Mantelmasse zu gering ist, diese aber für die hohe Blastleistung hauptverantwortlich ist.On the other hand, the core mass must not be too large (the μ not too small), otherwise the mantle mass is too low, but this is mainly responsible for the high Blastleistung.

Ein µ-Bereich von 1.9 bis 3.3 hat sich als optimal herausgestellt. Massenverhältnisse außerhalb dieses Bereiches sind ebenfalls möglich, bei dann halt reduzierter Blastleistungsfähigkeit.A μ-range of 1.9 to 3.3 has been found to be optimal. Mass ratios outside this range are also possible, then just reduced Blastleistungsfähigkeit.

Der Mantel mit der Masse MM bietet das größte Optimierungspotential hinsichtlich Blastleistung, aber auch hinsichtlich verfahrenstechnischer Belange, wie Reproduzierbarkeit etc..The jacket with the mass M M offers the greatest potential for optimization in terms of blast performance, but also in terms of process engineering, such as reproducibility etc.

Das Material muss aus Metallpulvern hoher Verbrennungswärme bestehen. Prinzipiell kommen also alle Metallpulver hoher Verbrennungswärme in Frage, die bereits oben genannt wurden (z.B. Al, B, Si, Mg usw.). Diese können theoretisch als Brennstoff eingesetzt werden. In der Praxis ergeben sich allerdings weitere Auswahlkriterien und Merkmale, die gewisse Metallpulver vor anderen in dieser Anwendung auszeichnen. Diese Kriterien sind vielfältig.The material must consist of metal powders of high heat of combustion. In principle, therefore, all metal powders of high heat of combustion, which have already been mentioned above (for example Al, B, Si, Mg, etc.), are suitable. These can theoretically be used as fuel. In practice, however, there are other selection criteria and features that distinguish certain metal powders from others in this application. These criteria are manifold.

Aluminium-Pulver hat sich als bewährtes Material und als sehr gut geeignet hinsichtlich der Blastleistung herausgestellt. Die Korngrößenvariation ergab beste Werte bei mono-modalen Mischungen im Bereich von einigen Mikrometern (Mittelwert etwa 4 µm) und bei bi-modalen Mischungen mit noch einer zusätzlichen Komponente höherer Korngröße (Mittelwert etwa 35 µm), mit einem Anteil von grob:fein von typisch 2:1.Aluminum powder has proven to be a proven material and very suitable for blast performance. The grain size variation gave best values for monomodal mixtures in the range of a few micrometers (mean value about 4 μm) and for bi-modal mixtures with an additional component of higher particle size (mean value about 35 μm), with a coarse: fine fraction of typical 2: 1.

Größere Körner können ebenfalls benutzt werden, brennen aber in der Regel zu langsam und zu lange, was sich negativ auf die Blastleistung auswirkt. Bei kleineren Körnern im Nanometer-Bereich kommt die ganze Palette an Problemen der Nano-Technologie zum Tragen: relative dicke Oxidschicht, hohe Kosten, schlechte Verarbeitbarkeit, hoher notwendiger Binderanteil, problematische Gesundheitsaspekte etc..Larger grains can also be used, but usually burn too slow and too long, which has a negative impact on blast performance. With smaller grains in the nanometer range, the whole range of problems of nano-technology comes into play: relatively thick oxide layer, high costs, poor processability, high necessary binder content, problematic health aspects etc ..

Bor hat bzgl. hoher Verbrennungswärme deutliche Vorteile gegenüber allen anderen Metall-Pulvern. Die Zugabe von Aluminium-Pulver wirkt hier katalysierend. Die Testserie zeigte ähnlich gute Blastergebnisse wie mit Aluminium, sobald das Bor zu B/Al-Pulvermischungen im Verhältnis von etwa 1/5 bis 3/5, mit Maximum bei 2/5, verarbeitet wurde.Boron has significant advantages in terms of high heat of combustion compared to all other metal powders. The addition of aluminum powder acts catalyzing here. The test series showed similarly good blast results as with aluminum once the boron was processed to B / Al powder blends in the ratio of about 1/5 to 3/5, with maximum at 2/5.

Der aus Metallpulver bestehende Mantel hat in ungebundener Pulverform gewisse Vorteile bzgl. der Verbrennung. Die Hohlräume zwischen den Pulverkörnern wirken als so genannte "Hot-Spots" für die Initiierung der Verbrennung. Es ergeben sich allerdings auch deutliche Nachteile, die bewirken, dass das Pulver mit Kunststoff-Binder gebunden werden muss.The existing metal powder coat has certain advantages in unbound powder form with respect. The combustion. The voids between the powder grains act as so-called "hot spots" for the initiation of combustion. However, there are also significant disadvantages that cause the powder must be bound with plastic binder.

Gebundene Pulver erzielen sogar weitere Vorteile:

  • energetische Bindermaterialien liefern nicht nur Strukturfestigkeit, sondern nehmen auch am Verbrennungsprozess teil und liefern somit weitere Blastenergie.
  • Die Dichte des Mantelmaterials wird reproduzierbar und damit verbunden die Blastleistung konstant.
  • die Strukturfestigkeit des Mantel-Materials lässt kleinere äußere Hüllenwand-Stärken zu.
Bound powders achieve even more advantages:
  • Energetic binder materials not only provide structural strength, but also participate in the combustion process, thus providing additional blast energy.
  • The density of the jacket material becomes reproducible and the blast performance remains constant.
  • the structural strength of the cladding material allows for smaller outer cladding wall thicknesses.

Ein sehr gutes Ergebnis kann auch mit einem Binder HTPB (Hydroxyl-Terminiertes Polybutadien) erzielt werden. HTPB nimmt auch an der chemischen Reaktion teil. Die großen Vorteile aber sind die verfahrenstechnisch leichte Verarbeitbarkeit und die feste Phase des HTPB, erwirkt durch die ablaufende Polymerisation des Binders. Damit einher geht die Strukturfestigkeit. HTPB zeigt somit deutlich bessere Vorteile gegenüber DOA (Dioctyladipat)und IPN (Isopropylnitrat). Als geeignetste Zusammensetzung von Metall-Pulver zu HTPB haben sich Massen-% im Bereich von etwa 70% zu 30% ergeben, wobei einige Prozentpunkte in beiden Richtungen keine Resultatsverschlechterung ergeben.A very good result can also be achieved with a binder HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene). HTPB also participates in the chemical reaction. The great advantages, however, are the technically easy processability and the solid phase of the HTPB obtained by the ongoing polymerization of the binder. This is accompanied by the structural strength. HTPB shows thus significantly better advantages over DOA (dioctyl adipate) and IPN (isopropyl nitrate). The most suitable composition of metal powder to HTPB has been found to be mass% in the range of about 70% to 30%, with several percentage points in both directions not giving rise to a result.

Es genügt somit die gesamte Mantelladung (Kern und Mantel) zum Schutz in z.B. dünne Aluminium-Hüllen einzulaborieren. Der feste Mantel gibt genügend Strukturfestigkeit um Handlings/Transport-, Abschuss- und Perforations-Belastungen widerstehen zu können.Thus, the entire shell charge (core and shell) is sufficient for protection in e.g. To work in thin aluminum cases. The solid shell gives enough structural strength to withstand handling / transportation, launch and perforation loads.

Ein wesentliches Konzept der Bindung und des Schutzes der Metallpulver-Matrix ist deren Sinterung, ohne Zugabe von organischen Bindermaterialien wie z.B. HTPB. Das Sinterungsverfahren ist nicht das klassische Verfahren, das zu einem kontinuierlichen porenfreien Metallstück führt, sondern vielmehr dergestalt, dass eine starke Stoßwelle (verursacht durch die Detonation der Kernladung) das teilgesinterte Metallpulver wieder in seine einzelnen Bestandteile zerlegt, wodurch seine anschließende Verbrennung unbehindert ablaufen kann. Die Machbarkeit derartiger Sintertechnologien wurde bereits experimentell erbracht. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine Art "Verklebung" (durch Anschmelzung) der einzelnen Metallpartikel.An essential concept of bonding and protecting the metal powder matrix is its sintering, without the addition of organic binder materials such as e.g. HTPB. The sintering process is not the classical process that results in a continuous non-porous piece of metal, but rather such that a strong shock wave (caused by the detonation of the nuclear charge) re-disassembles the partially sintered metal powder into its constituent parts, allowing its subsequent combustion to proceed unimpeded. The feasibility of such sintering technologies has already been provided experimentally. This is a kind of "gluing" (by melting) of the individual metal particles.

Die so gesinterte Metallpulver-Hülle verleiht der Ladung Strukturfestigkeit. Darüber hinaus weist diese Sintermatrix zusätzlich Luftporen auf, die als "Hot Spots" wirken und die Verbrennung dadurch weiter anregen und unterstützen. Es kann die komplette Metallpulver-Hülle auf diese Weise gesintert werden, oder aber nur der äußere Bruchteil, der für die Strukturfestigkeit maßgeblich ist.The so sintered metal powder shell gives the charge structural strength. In addition, this sintered matrix additionally has air pores which act as "hot spots" and thus further stimulate and support the combustion. It can be sintered in this way, the entire metal powder shell, or only the outer fraction, which is relevant to the structural strength.

Bei Bedarf kann auch hier eine dünne Al-Abschlußhülle zum erweiterten Schutz der Ladung vorgesehen werden.If necessary, a thin Al end cover for extended protection of the cargo can also be provided here.

Claims (2)

  1. Performance-enhanced cylindrical explosive charge consisting of RDX (hexogen) or HMX (octogen), mixed with a plastics binder HTPB and a metal powder such as aluminium, boron, silicon or magnesium,
    characterised by:
    - a cylindrical explosive charge core, consisting of RDX (hexogen) or HMX (octogen) in a proportion of 85 - 96 percent by weight mixed with a plastics binder in a proportion of 15 - 4 percent by weight consisting of HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene),
    - a tubular mantle directly enclosing the cylindrical explosive charge core, said mantle consisting of a metal powder such as aluminium, boron, silicon or magnesium, wherein the average of the metal powder grain sizes is 4 µm +/- 10%, and wherein at least one portion of the grains of metal powder is mutually adherent as a result of sintering,
    - wherein the ratio of length to outer diameter (L/D) of the cylindrical explosive charge core is in the region of L/D = 1 - 5,
    - wherein the ratio µ of the mantle mass (MM) to the mass of the explosive charge core (MK) is in the region of µ = 1.9 to 3.3.
  2. Performance-enhanced cylindrical explosive charge according to any one of the features in claim 1, characterised in that the mantle is surrounded by a thin-walled aluminium envelope.
EP14001249.3A 2013-04-15 2014-04-04 Improved performance cylindrical explosive charge Not-in-force EP2792661B1 (en)

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DE102013006440.6A DE102013006440A1 (en) 2013-04-15 2013-04-15 Upgraded cylindrical explosive charge

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CN104803813A (en) * 2015-04-21 2015-07-29 南京理工科技化工有限责任公司 Allochroic detonating tube with high detonation sensitivity

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FR2086881A5 (en) * 1970-04-13 1971-12-31 France Etat
DE10208228B4 (en) * 2002-02-26 2005-03-17 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Blast grenade
US6969434B1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2005-11-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Castable thermobaric explosive formulations
US6846372B1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2005-01-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Reactively induced fragmentating explosives

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EP2792661A3 (en) 2015-01-21
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