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EP2789811B1 - Wärmerückgewinnungsanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents

Wärmerückgewinnungsanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2789811B1
EP2789811B1 EP13162727.5A EP13162727A EP2789811B1 EP 2789811 B1 EP2789811 B1 EP 2789811B1 EP 13162727 A EP13162727 A EP 13162727A EP 2789811 B1 EP2789811 B1 EP 2789811B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
whr
engine
combustion engine
medium
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13162727.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2789811A1 (de
Inventor
Harald Fessler
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FPT Motorenforschung AG
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FPT Motorenforschung AG
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Priority to EP13162727.5A priority Critical patent/EP2789811B1/de
Priority to ES13162727.5T priority patent/ES2635548T3/es
Publication of EP2789811A1 publication Critical patent/EP2789811A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2789811B1 publication Critical patent/EP2789811B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K15/00—Adaptations of plants for special use
    • F01K15/02—Adaptations of plants for special use for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a System for heat recovery of a combustion engine, in particular in the field of large displacement engines.
  • Waste heat recovery (WHR) systems use heat sources of the engine, such as the hot exhaust gas, to convert some of this energy into mechanical power by means of an expander (Ex) exploiting Rankine Cycle.
  • WHR Waste heat recovery
  • thermodynamic cycle works between a high temperature source and a low temperature source.
  • the cold source is the refreshed coolant coming out from the engine radiator to cool the condenser, and then the combustion engine.
  • the condenser develops the phase where the gaseous WHR media, at the expander exit, is converted into liquid before entering the WHR pump (P).
  • FIG. 1 A classical prior art scheme is drawn in figure 1 , wherein a supercharged combustion engine is coupled to a waste heat recovery system.
  • a pump P pumps the WHR medium clockwise according to the dashed circuit drawn in figure 1 .
  • the heater H1 exploits the high temperature of the exhaust gasses downstream of the SCR filter. Therefore the Heater H1 is a gas to WHR medium (independently from its nature: gas/liquid) heat exchanger.
  • An expander Ex generates mechanical power that could be transferred to the combustion engine or to an electric generator.
  • the ambient air refreshes the CAC, namely the intercooler, and the engine coolant cooler.
  • the CAC is commonly an air/air exchanger.
  • the condenser C uses the engine coolant to cool the WHR media, by defining the abovementioned cold source of the cycle. Therefore, the condenser is a "WHR medium to liquid exchanger".
  • the "to ambient air" exchangers employ a significant amount of space.
  • the heat sources used are conventionally exhaust gas and EGR cooler power.
  • CA2812160 discloses a Rankine circuit equipped with multiple heat exchangers, i.e., an EGR cooler arranged in an EGR circuit and an exhaust gas heat exchanger arranged in a gas discharge passage, wherein the EGR cooler and the exhaust gas heat exchanger are so arranged that the EGR cooler is located upstream from the exhaust gas heat exchanger when observed in the direction of flow of a working fluid in the Rankine circuit.
  • the condenser is of the type WHR medium to air exchanger
  • the engine coolant cooler is a liquid/liquid or "liquid to vapor” heat exchanger according to the functioning conditions.
  • liquid to WHR media we will use the expression "liquid to WHR media” exchanger.
  • the condenser is dimensioned not only for condensing/refreshing the WHR medium, but also for refreshing the engine coolant and preferably also the compressed air at the engine intake. Therefore, the engine coolant cooler in this context develops the function of preheating/evaporating the WHR medium instead of cooperating with the condenser in refreshing the WHR medium. Hence more heat sources are used for the WHR process and the fuel consumption gain increases.
  • the intercooler is of the liquid/liquid exchanger type, so that the space for the "to ambient air” heat release is mainly reserved to the condenser.
  • bypass means are provided in order to avoid the heating of the system medium in certain critical operation conditions of the combustion engine, so that the heat rejection of the combustion engine is not compromised.
  • FIG. 2 A preferred embodiment of the system for heat recovering, WHR, is shown on figure 2 .
  • the invention is particularly adapted but not limited to a combustion engine E provided with a supercharging unit, namely a turbine TB fed by the exhaust gases and a compressor COM driven by said turbine TB for compressing fresh air entering in the combustion engine E.
  • the engine E could be further provided with an intercooler CAC' for refreshing the fresh air compressed by the compressor COM and/or with an EGR means with an EGR cooler.
  • the condenser COND is of the type WHR medium (WHR working Media) to ambient air type.
  • WHR medium WHR working Media
  • ambient air ambient air
  • the medium used for the Rankine Cycle in the following WHR medium, is pumped by the pump P' through the ECC'- engine coolant exchanger and, preferably, through the intercooler CAC'. Therefore, the ECC' is a liquid to WHR medium heat exchanger, while the CAC' is an air to WHR medium heat exchanger. At the CAC' the WHR medium is in a liquid phase.
  • both the CAC' and ECC' do not need to be disposed in a specific point of the engine compartment, for example in the front side or under the hood, but on the contrary they can be disposed in any place within the engine compartment, for a better optimization of the components disposition.
  • the WHR medium When both the ECC' and CAC' are refreshed by the WHR medium, the WHR medium receives a preheating at the CAC' and then preheating & evaporation [namely the energy for causing the evaporation of the WHR medium] at ECC'.
  • the EGR cooler is cooled by engine water and the energy is hence rejected with the engine water and hence to the WHR media at the ECC'.
  • the cold source for the Rankine Cycle is directly the ambient air and not the ambient air through the engine coolant.
  • the known systems reach about 85°, while, according to the present invention the coolant temperature can be maintained at a temperature higher than 90°C and about 105°. This helps to extract more energy ad increase the WHR efficiency, without compromising the life of the combustion engine and also means that the efficiency of the Rankine Cycle is improved due to the reduced condensation temperature and the usage of more and potentially any heat vehicular source, without the problem of overheating the WHR media.
  • said heater H2 (exhaust gas heat exchanger) is disposed downstream of the ATS, namely after (according to the exhaust gas flow direction) one or more devices for reducing the pollution emissions, for example the SCR' catalyst or further components, such as DOC, traps and/or ammonia clean-up filters.
  • the circuit of the WHR system includes means for bypassing WHRB the heater H2.
  • a three-way valve controls the WHR medium flow crossing the heater.
  • the exhaust gasses can bypass the heater H2, through an exhaust gas bypass EGB, that can comprise a bypass conduct and a flap for controlling the gas flow.
  • the WHR system is managed by a control unit that checks the working conditions of the combustion engine E, the engine coolant temperature and commands said three-way valve and/or said flap to guarantee the required cooling of engine water at ECC' and of the compressed fresh air at the intake CAC'.
  • a control unit that checks the working conditions of the combustion engine E, the engine coolant temperature and commands said three-way valve and/or said flap to guarantee the required cooling of engine water at ECC' and of the compressed fresh air at the intake CAC'.
  • said heat sources are engine water (thus the ECC' itself), EGR cooler and, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said heat sources may also be CAC', the conditioning condenser.
  • said heat sources may also be CAC', the conditioning condenser.
  • efficiency improvements are feasible even at (high-critical) loads where state of the art recovery systems have to be turned off due to cooling capacity limitations.
  • the other heat sources permit, in any case, to perform a Rankine cycle, but without compromising the life of the combustion engine.
  • the capacity of heat rejection of the combustion engine is strongly increased with respect to the engine not provided of WHR systems and with respect to the known engines provided with WHR systems of the prior art.
  • the benefit in engine fuel consumption can increase from common values of 4 to 5% to 8 to 10% for a medium speed 50% load point typical load condition for a heavy duty truck with 85km/h.
  • the vapor pressure at the condenser is fitted to the required condensation temperature and can be strongly reduced by extending the range of suitable fluids to be employed as WHR medium.
  • the vapor pressure at the condenser can be about 1 bar or lower.
  • the expander can produce either mechanical, electrical, hydraulic energy to be supplied to the combustion engine.
  • the pump can be driven by the combustion engine, the expander or by an electric motor.
  • control unit could be integrated into an engine control unit.
  • the expander can be known per se.
  • the combustion engine can be of the turbo-compound type.
  • a turbo-compound scheme has a turbine TBC, driven by the exhaust gasses, and having its shaft connected with the engine crankshaft in order to provide it with mechanical energy.
  • control of the several architectural components described above can be implemented advantageously in a computer program comprising program code means for performing one or more steps of such method, when such program is run on a computer.
  • patent shall also cover such computer program and the computer-readable medium that comprises a recorded message, such computer-readable medium comprising the program code means for performing one or more steps of such method, when such program is run on a computer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. System zur Wärmerückgewinnung (WHR) einer Brennkraftmaschine (E), wobei das System Rückgewinnungsmittel zum Entwickeln eines Rankine-Prozesses durch Nutzung der Wärme, die durch die Brennkraftmaschine erzeugt wird, umfasst, wobei die Rückgewinnungsmittel einen Kondensator zum Kondensieren eines WHR-Mediums umfassen, wobei der Kondensator (COND) ein Tauscher des Typs WHR-Medium zu Umgebungsluft ist, wobei die Maschine (E) ferner zweite Mittel zum Auffrischen (ECC') eines Maschinenkühlmittels umfasst und wobei die zweiten Auffrischungsmittel (ECC') einen Tauscher des Typs Flüssigkeit zu den WHR-Medien ist, wobei die Rückgewinnungsmittel ferner Tauscher von Luft zu dem WHR-Medium umfassen, um das WHR-Medium zu erhitzen, wobei die Tauscher Luft zu dem WHR-Medium eine erste Heizeinheit (H2) umfassen, die die Wärme nutzt, die in den Abgasen der Brennkraftmaschine enthalten ist,
    gekennzeichnet durch Mittel zum Auffrischen der umlaufenden Gase (EGR) des Typs von Luft zu Flüssigkeit, wobei die Auffrischungsflüssigkeit das Maschinenkühlmittel ist.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Maschine (E) ferner erste Mittel zum Auffrischen (CAC') von Frischluft bei dem Maschineneinlass umfasst und wobei die ersten Auffrischungsmittel einen Tauscher des Typs Luft zu dem WHR-Medium umfassen.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Kondensator (COND) der einzige Tauscher "zu Umgebungsluft" sowohl des Rückgewinnungssystems als auch der Brennkraftmaschine (E) ist.
  4. System nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Maschine (E) ferner dritte Mittel zum Auffrischen (CAC') der Frischluft bei dem Maschineneinlass umfasst und wobei die dritten Auffrischungsmittel einen Tauscher des Typs Luft zu dem WHR-Medium umfassen.
  5. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Tauscher von Luft zu dem WHR-Medium eine zweite Heizeinheit umfassen, die die Wärme nutzt, die bei dem Kondensator des Konditionierungssystems abgegeben wird.
  6. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 5, das ferner Umleitungsmittel (WHRB) zum Umleiten des WHR-Mediums anstelle des Durchlaufens einer oder mehrerer der Heizeinheiten und/oder Mittel (EGB) zum Umleiten der Abgase anstelle des Durchlaufens der ersten Heizeinheit (H2) umfasst.
  7. System nach Anspruch 6, das ferner Steuermittel der Umleitungsmittel (WHRB, EGB) umfasst, die konfiguriert sind, die Wärmerückgewinnung bei kritisch hohen Lastbedingungen der Brennkraftmaschine zu verringern.
  8. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Maschinenkühlwassertemperatur (heiße Quelle) mehr als 90 °C beträgt.
  9. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Dampfdruck bei dem Kondensator (COND) etwa 1 bar oder weniger beträgt.
  10. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das ferner einen Expander (Ex') umfasst, der mechanische Energie vom Rankine-Prozess erzeugen kann.
  11. System nach Anspruch 10, wobei die mechanische Energie der Brennkraftmaschine (E) zur Verfügung gestellt wird oder zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie mittels eines elektrischen Generators genutzt wird.
  12. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei die Maschine (E) ein Nachbehandlungssystem (ATS) umfasst, das wenigstens einen Katalysator aufweist, und wobei die erste Heizeinheit (H2) in Übereinstimmung mit einer Strömungsrichtung von Abgasen stromabwärts des Katalysators angeordnet ist.
  13. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine (E) Turboladermittel umfasst, die wenigstens eine Turboladergruppe (TB, COM) aufweisen.
  14. Bodenfahrzeug, das mit einer Brennkraftmaschine (E) und einem System zur Wärmerückgewinnung (WHR) der Brennkraftmaschine (E) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche von 1 bis 13 versehen ist.
EP13162727.5A 2013-04-08 2013-04-08 Wärmerückgewinnungsanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine Active EP2789811B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13162727.5A EP2789811B1 (de) 2013-04-08 2013-04-08 Wärmerückgewinnungsanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine
ES13162727.5T ES2635548T3 (es) 2013-04-08 2013-04-08 Sistema para la recuperación de calor de un motor de combustión

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13162727.5A EP2789811B1 (de) 2013-04-08 2013-04-08 Wärmerückgewinnungsanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2789811A1 EP2789811A1 (de) 2014-10-15
EP2789811B1 true EP2789811B1 (de) 2017-05-31

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EP13162727.5A Active EP2789811B1 (de) 2013-04-08 2013-04-08 Wärmerückgewinnungsanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine

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ES (1) ES2635548T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE538836C2 (en) * 2014-12-05 2016-12-20 Scania Cv Ab A cooling arrangement for a WHR system

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006097089A2 (de) * 2005-03-15 2006-09-21 Kuepfer Ewald Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur verbesserung des wirkungsgrades von energieumwandlungseinrichtungen
ES2446941T3 (es) * 2008-03-06 2014-03-10 Iveco Motorenforschung Ag Sistema de recuperación de calor de escape
CA2676502C (en) * 2009-08-24 2018-12-04 Victor Juchymenko Supplementary thermal energy transfer in thermal energy recovery systems
JP2011106302A (ja) * 2009-11-13 2011-06-02 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd エンジン廃熱回収発電ターボシステムおよびこれを備えた往復動エンジンシステム
JP5389710B2 (ja) * 2010-03-24 2014-01-15 サンデン株式会社 内燃機関の廃熱利用システム及び該システムに使用するモータジェネレータ装置
JP5481737B2 (ja) * 2010-09-30 2014-04-23 サンデン株式会社 内燃機関の廃熱利用装置
DE112011104516B4 (de) * 2010-12-23 2017-01-19 Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. System und Verfahren zur Regulierung einer EGR-Kühlung unter Verwendung eines Rankine-Kreisprozesses

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ES2635548T3 (es) 2017-10-04
EP2789811A1 (de) 2014-10-15

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