EP2759345B1 - Method and apparatus for the decompaction of material - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for the decomposition of material comprising two parallel rollers, wherein the rollers rotate against each other and between the two rollers, a gap for receiving material remains. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for compacting material, wherein material to be compacted by two counter rotating rolls is drawn into a nip between the rolls.

State of the art

Waste, in particular municipal and household waste, may only be disposed of in a landfill in Germany if it has been pretreated, since the waste destined for landfilling must comply with certain prescribed properties. In order to fulfill the properties prescribed in the Landfill Ordinance (Deponieverordnung, DepV), the biogenic fraction and the combustible constituents must be significantly reduced, essentially in the considered waste. For such a treatment of the waste mechanical-biological waste treatment plants have proven. These waste treatment plants include as mechanical treatment stages, for example, a screening, screening and crushing. The biological treatment stages are used to compost waste, for example, to ferment biogas production. Furthermore, a biological drying is carried out in order to subsequently intensively separate constituents, so that the ingredients can be used as easily as possible material streams for different recycling purposes.

The biological drying has over composting the advantage that the treatment time is only about 10 days compared to several weeks in the composting. As a result, the systems can be made smaller. Drying is usually done in closed tunnels or boxes, making harmful Emissions can be largely avoided. The biological drying is energetically advantageous because in the aerobic process microorganisms generate heat energy in order to evaporate water present in the waste. After biological drying, the residual water content is in the range of about 10%.

As a result of the drying, clumping, matting or adhesion of different constituents form in the treated waste, which would lead to impurities in the material streams during subsequent mechanical separation steps and therefore have to be dissolved by decomposing or comminuting the waste. Various methods are known for decomposing the waste. As a rule, so-called shredders are used, which shred the material with knife works.

The wastes to be processed always consist of mixtures of substances which contain, for example, tough-elastic substances such as plastics, hard and brittle minerals such as glass and stones, metals and other massive impurities. In the comminution of such mixtures large forces and thus a considerable expenditure of energy are required. Furthermore, the tools used in the units wear very quickly due to containing hard materials.

Out DE 1 077 949 is a hammer mill known for shredding garbage. The mill comprises two rotating in the same direction rotors with attached impactors whose club circles touch each other at shaft height. The material supply is arranged above the rotor moving in the direction of the other rotor. A given material is ground by the counter-rotating impactors. To compensate for the shortening of the impactors caused by wear, the distance between the two rotors can be adjusted.

The known from the prior art hammer or impact mills are less prone to wear compared to a shredder, but have a similar high energy consumption as a shredder. In addition, there is the problem that the mills are high-speed aggregates, which can form sparks at high speeds, which requires effective fire and explosion protection.

US 2007/170291 A1 discloses a corrugating mill for grinding cereals. The rolling mill comprises two cylindrical rollers which are driven independently of each other via their own motor, gearbox and inverter.

Out US 2005/0205701 A1 For example, a material processing apparatus with pairs of corrugated rolls is known. The apparatus comprises a pair of counter-rotating rollers, each roller being provided with its own drive.

WO 01/46304 A2 describes a device for comminuting polymer foams. For shredding two rollers are used, which rotate in opposite directions and their speeds are chosen differently.

Out GB 2 182 584 A For example, an apparatus for selectively crushing soft particles in a mixture of softer and harder particles is known. The apparatus comprises at least one pair of adjacently arranged rollers which form a gap into which the mixture is introduced.

Out GB 404,894 is a roller for processing of plastic materials known. To obtain a kneading surface, a warp is wound around the roll.

Object of the invention

An object of the invention is to provide a device for compacting material which has low wear during the treatment of the waste and enables safe treatment of the materials while avoiding the formation of sparks. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a corresponding method for decomposing material.

Disclosure of the invention

A device for decomposing material having the features of claim 1 is proposed.

The device, which is preferably completely surrounded by a housing to avoid emissions, is entered via a material task, the material to be treated. From this material task, the material to be compacted preferably reaches the rollers from above. These rotate against each other, so that the discontinued material is drawn into the gap between the two rollers. The treated material exits down the gap and is recovered below the rollers.

For the supply and removal of the material, a suitable conveying and metering technique can be used. For example, conveyor belts can be used to remove the treated, decompacted material. Other conveying devices known to those skilled in the art, such as metering screws, conveyor belts, chain belt conveyors, screw conveyors, trough chain conveyors, can also be used.

The two rollers of the device operate at different speeds, so that arise on the surfaces of the rollers different peripheral speeds. The peripheral speeds of the rollers are in a range of slightly> 0, for example, 0.1 m / s to about 10 m / s. Preferably, the peripheral speed of the slower rotating roll is in the range of 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s and the peripheral speed of the faster rotating roll is in the range of about 5 m / s to 10 m / s. Particularly preferred is for the slower rotating roller a Circumferential speed of about 2 m / s and used for the faster rotating roller, a peripheral speed of about 7 m / s. By virtue of their rotation, both rollers secure the feed or the intake of the material to be treated and can be variably adapted to different conditions.

Due to the different peripheral speeds of the two rollers, shear forces act on the material to be compacted and a rasping process is produced. At the same time, the faster rotating roller accelerates the material while at the same time being decelerated by the slowly rotating roller. As a result, the material in the gap between the rollers is equalized or dekompactiert.

In the adjustable different rotational speeds is taken into account that a defined maximum relative speed or a defined maximum relative movement between material and rolls or between material components and with each other is maintained. This prevents sparking, which significantly contributes to fire and explosion protection. If a material is decomposed by the device, which was previously treated with a biological drying, the relative movement to maintain the fire and explosion protection should be a maximum of about 7 m / s. The maximum occurring relative speed in the gap is given by the difference in the peripheral speeds of the two rollers.

In one embodiment of the apparatus, the width of the gap between the rolls is adjustable in the range of about 0 to 100 mm. Preferably, the width of the gap between the rollers is about 0 to 20 mm.

By adjusting the width of the gap, the device can be adapted to the material to be treated and it is in addition to the speeds of the rollers, a further parameter for adjusting the forces exerted on the material forces available. The acting forces increase with a reduction in the width of the gap.

In one embodiment of the device, a roller comprises one or more roller bodies.

In this embodiment, the roll consists of an axis and one or more roll bodies arranged on this axis.

In one embodiment, the surface material of the roll body is an elastic material

As elastic materials, for example, natural or synthetic rubbers or rubber can be used. The roll surface is thereby yielding, which reduces the wear and force in the case of hard and massive contaminants in the material. Optionally, additives for adjusting the material properties may be added to the elastic material.

In another embodiment, the surface of the roll body is supported from the inside with pressurized air. In other variants, the interior of the roller body consists of a foamed material or the roller body is solid.

Depending on the embodiment of the roller body, the resilience of the roller surface can be further adjusted. If the surface of the roll body is supported by pressurized air, the resiliency of the surface, and thus the ability to avoid massive contaminants by deformation, can be precisely adjusted via the air pressure. Similarly, by using a foamed material inside a roll body, its ability to yield can be adjusted. In versions with solid roller bodies, in turn, the possibility of evading them is taken as far as possible, whereby higher forces can be exerted on the material, but also a higher wear must be accepted.

In one embodiment of the device, standard tires are used as roller bodies, wherein the running surface of the tires is modified so that it is essentially flat.

In this embodiment, a roller body having an elastic surface supported from inside with pressurized air is easily obtained by machining a standard tire. This standard tire may be any large tire, if any, along with the associated rim, such as are common in the construction industry, trucks, or passenger cars. However, the standard tires initially have a somewhat spherical shape on the surface or the running surface, so that an uneven gap between the rollers would arise when used directly as a roller body. The standard tires are therefore mechanical edited so that the tread is substantially flat. For this purpose, for example, by turning or milling about 20 mm profile height removed.

The roller surface is covered with chains.

From such a combination of a chain and a resilient roller body, a roller can be constructed, which is wear-resistant, but can escape elastically due to the elasticity of the roller body occurring solid or hard contaminants to prevent increased wear and excessive force. Furthermore, due to the chain geometry many individual compartments are formed on the roll surface, in which material accumulates. The different materials in or between the compartments partly overhang the chain height or the chain strength, so that materials that are in the compartments, such as stones, glass components and metals, similar to knives and knife bars act against each other. Since the materials to be compacted thereby act against one another, comminution is achieved by the materials themselves, without resulting in wear on the aggregates or the tools. The occurring wear is effectively transferred to the material to be treated itself, which relieves the unit accordingly.

As chains for stringing the rollers are so-called quarry or rock chains, which are particularly solid. Such a chain is available, for example, under the name Terra Plus X 14 from Erlau AG. These chains have special chain links, the geometry of which acts aggressively on the materials while at the same time protecting the tires or roller bodies according to the original purpose.

Sharp edges on the chain links are not needed for comminuting the material due to the described interaction of material received in the chains.

In one embodiment of the invention, the rollers are electrically driven. For this purpose, electric motors can be connected via a gear with the axes of the rollers.

Depending on the embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable to operate both rollers with the aid of a common motor via a corresponding transmission or to provide a separate drive for each of the rollers.

In one embodiment of the invention, the speed of a roller is controlled by a frequency converter.

In this embodiment, a separate electric motor is preferably used for each of the rollers, which is controlled in each case via its own frequency converter. The speed of the rollers and thus their peripheral speed can then be adjusted by driving the associated frequency converter.

In one embodiment of the invention, the slower rotating roll is braked.

If material is drawn in between the two rollers, this is accelerated by the faster rotating roller. In this case, forces are transmitted to the slower rotating roller on the treated material, which would increase their speed without slowing down. To brake the slower rotating roller either a separate brake can be provided or the electric drive can be used. In this case, deceleration with the aid of a corresponding control of the drive is preferred.

In one embodiment of the invention, a roller is braked, wherein this roller is associated with a regenerative frequency converter, with which the braking energy of the braked roller is converted into electrical energy.

In this embodiment, each roller is assigned its own electric drive with its own frequency converter. Each frequency converter is connected to the mains as well as to the other frequency converter. For each roller, the setpoint speed is specified on the frequency inverter. Each of the electric drives associated with the rollers can be used both as a motor for driving and as a generator to decelerate the respective roller. The braking energy of the braked roller can then be recovered via the generator. The recovered electrical energy can either be used again to drive the unit, or be transferred back to the grid after switching to mains frequency. Even with retransmission into the power grid, the electrical energy can be used in part again to operate the faster rotating roller. If the entire unit is stopped, both drives can be operated as generators to decelerate both rollers simultaneously.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a bottom is arranged below the rollers, wherein the bottom also extends below the gap between the rollers and a gap between the rollers and the bottom is arranged. The bottom preferably has below the rollers a round shape with a radius which is greater than the radii of the rollers. In the area below the nip between the rolls, the bottom forms a vertex, with the bottom rounded off at the vertex, so that no material can get caught. The width of the gap between the rollers and the bottom is between about 0 and 200 mm.

Material drawn in by the rollers enters the gap formed between the bottom and the rollers at the apex of the bottom and is pulled by the rollers over the ground. At the lateral ends of the bottom, the material exits the gap again and can be removed. In order to promote the material targeted to the gap exit and to prevent leakage of material in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rollers, side walls can be arranged around the bottom and the rollers.

In one embodiment of the invention, the gap between the rollers and the bottom in the region below the gap between the rollers has its greatest extent and tapers from there, viewed in each case in the direction of rotation of the rollers. In the region below the gap between the rollers, that is to say in the entry region of the gap, this preferably has a width of between 50 and 200 mm, with a width of approximately 100 mm being particularly preferred. At the other end, at which the material emerges from the gap, this preferably has a width between about 0 and 100 mm, more preferably a gap width of about 20 mm.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the bottom below the rollers on screen areas. The screen areas comprise a plurality of preferably round screen openings. The largest width of the screen openings is for example about 60 mm, with circular or oval openings are preferred. By providing a screen region, the material to be treated is separated into two fractions, for example, a coarse fraction having particles larger than 60 mm and a finer fraction having particles smaller than 60 mm. By arranging a further conveyor system below the screen areas, the separated fraction can be removed separately from the remaining material. Preferably, the individual fractions are transported away parallel to the orientation of the roll axes. Furthermore, it is conceivable to provide a plurality of screen areas with possibly different sized screen openings in order to carry out a further subdivision.

In a further embodiment of the invention, cylindrical tubes are arranged under each sieve opening. The connection between the tubes and the screen openings is rounded off to prevent material from getting caught.

In another embodiment, the floor is provided with an armor to roughen it. The armor can be performed for example in the form of a weld. The weld is preferably applied flat, for example in the form of points, lines or diamonds.

In one embodiment of the invention, the bottom is spring-mounted below the rollers. Preferably, the spring force and the gap width can be adjusted variably. Furthermore, it is preferable to choose the spring force such that the bottom can yield elastically in order to allow hard materials contained in the material to pass through the gap without being comminuted.

In another embodiment of the invention, a vibration exciter may be placed on the ground to vibrate the ground.

Furthermore, a method of compacting material is proposed, wherein material to be compacted by two counter rotating rolls is drawn into a nip between the rolls and wherein the rolls rotate at different rotational speeds, so that shear forces are transferred to the drawn material via the rolls.

The material to be treated is passed over a suitable feeding device, preferably via the two rollers and entered there into the gap. The two rollers rotate in such a way that the material placed on them is moved in the direction of the gap and then retracted into the gap. Inside the gap, shear forces act on the material as the material is accelerated by the faster spinning roll and decelerated by the slower spinning roll. In this case, the material is pulled apart in a kind of rasping process and thus dekompactiert and / or crushed.

The rotational speeds of the two rolls are preferably selected such that the peripheral speed of a roll is in the range of somewhat> 0 m / s to 10 m / s. Preferably, a speed in the range of 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s is selected as the peripheral speed for the slower rotating roller, while for the faster a circumferential speed in the range of about 5 m / s to 10 m / s is selected. Particularly preferably, a peripheral speed of 2 m / s is selected for the slower rotating roller and a peripheral speed of 7 m / s for the faster rotating roller.

After decompressing the material is collected below the rollers and removed with a suitable transport device. This can for example be designed as a conveyor belt.

In one embodiment of the method, the maximum relative movement between a roller and the material depending on the treated material is limited so that fire and explosion protection are guaranteed. If, for example, the treated material is the starting material of a biological drying, the permissible relative movement should be limited to a maximum of 7 m / s.

In one embodiment of the method, portions of the material are received in cavities disposed on the rollers and rub against other parts of the material due to the movement of the rollers, so that the materials are comminuted, thereby reducing wear of the rollers.

The depressions on the roll surfaces can be formed, for example, by a chain or members arranged on the roll surface. In these recesses formed in this way, different materials can accumulate, such as stones, glass components and metals. These materials are moved in the wells together with the roller and act similar to knives on the material to be treated. Since the roll surface is covered in this way with the material to be treated, any wear occurring during comminution is shifted into the material to be treated itself and the unit is relieved accordingly.

In one embodiment of the method, one of the rollers is braked, wherein the braking energy is converted into electrical energy.

In this embodiment, electrical drives are used for the rollers, wherein the electric drive of a roller is operated as a generator. The recovered via this generator braking energy can either be returned to the power grid, or supplied to the drive of the other roller.

In a further embodiment of the method, the material drawn in by the rollers is drawn after passing through the gap between the rollers via a bottom arranged below the rollers. The floor may be roughened by the provision of armor to enhance contact between the material and the floor.

In one embodiment of the method, the material is divided into at least two fractions. For this purpose, sieve areas with a plurality of sieve openings are arranged in the bottom below the rollers. If the width of the sieve openings is, for example, 60 mm, the material is separated into a fraction having particle sizes of less than 60 mm and into a fraction having particle sizes of more than 60 mm.

Advantages of the invention

In the proposed device or method, the input materials are treated in a nip between two counter-rotating rollers. The rollers rotate at different speeds, so that acting on the material to be treated shear forces. The material is accelerated on one side by the faster rotating roller and braked on the other side by the slower rotating roller. Advantageously, this results in a rasping process whereby the material in the gap is equalized or decomposed and / or comminuted.

Furthermore, the proposed method or the proposed device allows to set a defined relative speed between the rollers and the material to be treated. This can prevent sparking, such as occurs in high-speed tools, and thus make an important contribution to fire and explosion protection.

In one embodiment of the device rolls are used with roller bodies, which on the one hand have a surface of an elastic material, on the other hand are supported, for example, with a compressible medium such as air or a foamed material. This makes it possible to avoid the roller bodies with occurring disturbing bodies such as solid stones or larger metal parts by an elastic deformation. The impurities can then pass through the device without comminution, since the gap width is temporarily increased by the elastic deformation of the rollers. This allows selective comminution, at the hard and massive contaminants go through the device uncrushed and only the softer materials are dekompactiert. An increased wear on the device or an increased energy requirement is thus avoided.

Furthermore, it is provided to arrange recesses on the surface of the rollers, for example by attaching a chain. Parts of the material to be treated are received in these depressions, these projects at least partially beyond the height of the chain or the depression. Due to the rotation of the rollers, the entrained materials act on the remaining material, so that the material comminuted or decomposed itself, without causing wear on the unit or the rollers. As a result, the life of the unit is increased and it operating costs, for example, caused by the replacement of wearing parts, reduced.

The residence time of the material in the apparatus can be further extended by placing a tray beneath the rollers which also extends below the nip between the rollers. The material to be processed is drawn after passing the gap between the rollers of the rollers on the ground, while continuing to act on this forces. The material can thereby be more compacted and crushed. This effect can be further increased by the provision of ground armor.

If a bottom is arranged below the rollers, this can be further equipped with screen areas, so that the device decomposes the material in one operation and divided into different fractions. By providing a separate Abtransports the individual fractions, these can then be processed more targeted.

Furthermore, it is possible to operate the drive of the slower rotating roller as a generator when using electric drives. As a result, energy that occurs by slowing down the slower rotating roller can be recovered. As a result, a part of the energy necessary for comminution can be recovered. In contrast, aggregates that break down or decompact with beating, bouncing or cutting processes dissipate the reaction forces into the foundations of the aggregate without energy being recovered.

Brief description of the drawings

With reference to the drawings, the invention will be described in more detail below.

Figur 1

eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung von der Seite,

Figur 2

eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung von oben,

Figur 3

eine Walze mit zwei Walzenkörpern,

Figur 4

eine auseinandergefaltete Kette zur Anordnung auf einer Walze,

Figur 5

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt einer auf der Walzenoberfläche angeordneten Kette,

Figur 6

eine weitere Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung mit unter den Walzen angeordnetem Boden und

Figur 7

einen Ausschnitt eines Siebbereichs im Boden.

Show it:

FIG. 1

a schematic representation of the device from the side,

FIG. 2

a schematic representation of the device from above,

FIG. 3

a roller with two roller bodies,

FIG. 4

an unfolded chain for placement on a roller,

FIG. 5

an enlarged section of a chain arranged on the roller surface,

FIG. 6

a further embodiment of the device with arranged under the rollers bottom and

FIG. 7

a section of a sieve area in the ground.

variants

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for decomposing material from the side.

In FIG. 1 a device 10 for decomposing material 40 is shown. The device 10 comprises two rollers 12, 14, which rotate against each other. The first roller 12 rotates in the direction 48, the second roller 14 rotates in the direction 50. The two rollers 12, 14 are arranged in the device 10 so that a gap 66 is formed between them. The width of the gap 66 can be adjusted by moving the two rollers 12, 14. Typically, the width of the gap 66 is set between 0 and about 100 mm. The rollers 12, 14 are surrounded by a housing 11, wherein above the housing 11 is a material feed 44, with the material to be treated 40 can be applied from above to the rollers 12, 14. The housing 11 is in the FIG. 1 shown transparent so as not to obscure the rollers 12, 14. The task is in the FIG. 1 indicated by the arrow with reference numeral 52.

The rollers 12, 14 are each driven with an electric drive 26 and 28, wherein the driving force is transmitted via a gear 30 to the respective roller 12, 14.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1 the first roller 12 is driven by its associated electric motor 26 and the second roller 14 is braked by its associated electric drive 28. The peripheral speeds of the rollers 12, 14 can be adjusted for example in the range of 0.1 m / s to 10 m / s. Preferably, the peripheral speed of the faster rotating roller 12 is selected to be between about 5 m / s and 10 m / s while the peripheral speed of the slower rotating roller 14 is set between about 0.1 m / s and 5 m / s. More preferably, a speed of 7 m / s is selected as peripheral speed for the faster rotating roller 12 and a peripheral speed of 2 m / s for the slower rotating roller 14.

The material 40 introduced from above in the direction 52 into the gap 66 between the rollers 12, 14 is drawn into the gap 66 by the rotation of the rollers 12, 14 and is thereby subjected to shearing forces. The material 40 is accelerated by the faster rotating roller 12 and simultaneously decelerated by the slower rotating roller 14. By the shear forces acting on the material 40 is pulled apart and thereby decompacted. Furthermore, chains 16 can be arranged on the rollers 12, 14. Force is transferred to the material 40 by the chains 16 themselves, but parts of the material 40 are also received between the individual links of the chains 16 and moved with them. If solid or hard materials such as stones, glass components and metals are used, these act like knives on the material. Thus, the input material virtually destroys or decomposes itself, without the roll surfaces themselves being exposed to wear.

After passing through the gap 66, the decomposed material 40 falls out of the gap 66 at the bottom. In the in FIG. 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the decompacted material 42 is collected by means of a conveyor belt 46 and transported away in the transport direction 54.

To avoid emissions such as dust and odor emissions, the two rollers 12, 14 are preferably completely encapsulated by the housing 11.

In FIG. 2 the device for decomposing material is shown from above.

FIG. 2 shows the device 10 for decomposing material in a view from above. The device 10 comprises two rollers 12, 14. Each of the rollers 12, 14 comprises in each case an axis 56 and a plurality of roller bodies 60. The roller bodies 60 are connected to the axles 56 in such a way that a rotation of the axle 56 is transmitted to a roller body 60 and vice versa. A housing 11 encloses the rollers 12, 14, wherein the axes 56 each protrude beyond the housing. The two rollers 12, 14 are arranged spaced apart, so that between the two rollers 12, 14, a gap 66 is formed. By moving one or both rollers 12, 14, the width of the gap 66 can be adjusted. On one side of the housing 11 are connected to the axes 56 of the rollers 12, 14 respectively electric motors 26, 28 via a respective transmission 30, 32 connected. To operate the electric motors 26, 28, a frequency converter 34, 36 is assigned to each of these. About the frequency converter 34, 36, the electric motors 26, 28 are operated, wherein the speed of which is adjustable via the respective inverter 34, 36. To control the device, a controller 38 is provided which communicates with the inverters 34, 36.

On the roll bodies 60 is in the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment, a chain 16 again arranged. The chain geometry forms a plurality of individual compartments in which input material can accumulate.

Material to be processed is supplied to the device 10 via the material task 44. The material passes from above onto the surfaces of the rollers 12, 14 and is moved by the opposite rotation of the rollers 12, 14 in the direction of the gap 66 and drawn into this.

In the in FIG. 2 1, the first roller 12 is designed as a driven roller and is operated via the electric drive 26 and the first gear 30 so that a peripheral speed between 0.1 m / s and 10 m / s results, particularly preferred is here again Peripheral speed of 7 m / s. The second roller 14 is set in this example to a peripheral speed of 2 m / s. If no material is yet entered into the gap 66, the second roller 14 must also be driven by its associated drive 28 and the second gear 32 become. Material is in the gap 66, this is accelerated by the faster rotating roller 12, wherein on the material in the gap 66 force is transmitted from the faster rotating roller 12 to the slower rotating roller 14. This would lead to an acceleration of the peripheral speed of the roller 14, if it were not decelerated. The braking can also take place via its associated electric drive 28, which is then operated as a generator. Motor energy of the braked roller 14 is then converted via the gear 30 and the motor 28 acting as a generator into electrical energy. The second frequency converter 36, which is assigned to the generator 28, is preferably regenerative in this embodiment, so that the electrical energy recovered from the movement of the roller 14 can either be fed into the mains or via a first regenerative frequency converter 34 for operating the first roller 12 driving motor 26 can be used.

In one embodiment of the device, standard tires modified as roller bodies 60 are used, so that the roller bodies 60 have a surface of an elastic material which is supported by pressurized air. This makes it possible to selectively reduce the input material while avoiding unnecessary wear and excessive power consumption. By this is meant that soft materials, in particular organic components, are decomposed, whereby lumps and mattings or the like are dissolved, while hard materials such as troublesome stones, glass components or metals pass through the device without comminution. If a hard component of the material 40, for example a larger stone, strikes the gap 66, the roller bodies 60 of the rollers 12, 14 are elastically deformed so that the width of the gap 66 is increased in the area of the stone. The stone can pass through the device 10 without comminution, without causing damage to the roller bodies 60 or having to expend an excessive force on its comminution.

FIG. 3 shows a roller with two roller bodies.

In FIG. 3 a roller 12, 14 is shown, which comprises an axis 56 with two roller bodies 60 arranged thereon. As the roller body 60, bodies are used which are substantially circular cylindrical or tire-shaped and have a surface made of an elastic material. The elastic material may be, for example, a natural or synthetic rubber or rubber, with additives optionally being added to this material. The surface of the roller body 60 can be supported in many ways. Depending on the embodiment, the surface of a roller body 60 is supported by pressurized air or by a foamed material in the interior. Furthermore, it is possible to make the roller body 60 solid.

In a preferred embodiment, 60 large standard tires are used as a roll body, as they are common for example in the construction industry, trucks or cars. Likewise, the associated rims may be used to secure the tires to the axle 56. It has a positive effect in the context of the invention that the flexibility or elasticity of the roller body is easily adjustable via the adjustable air pressure in the tire.

The initially crowned shape of the tread 68 of a tire is mechanically processed, for example by means of turning or milling, whereby about 20 mm of the profile are removed. The thus-processed running surface 68 is substantially flat, so that a uniform gap is formed between the rollers in the device.

To be able to act more mechanically on the material to be treated and to reduce the wear of the soft surface of the roller body 60, a chain 16 is preferably arranged on the surface of the roller body 60, which completely surrounds the running surfaces 68 of the roller body 60 and at least partially the side surfaces 67 covered. As a basis for the chains can serve ordinary quarry or rock chains, as they are available, for example, under the name Terra Plus X 14 from Erlau AG. The geometry of the chain links of this chain aggressively affects the materials to be processed while at the same time protecting the surface of the tires from wear. Since a plurality of roller bodies 60, in the FIG. 3 If, for example, two roller bodies 60 are shown, arranged on an axle 56, the chains may have to be modified so that they equally envelop all the roller bodies.

By choosing the size of the roller body 60 or tires used and their number, the diameter and the length of a roller 12, 14 can be adjusted. With the in FIG. 3 illustrated embodiment with two tires as a roller body 60 and using tires with a width of about 80 cm and a diameter of 140 cm results in a usable gap length of about 120 cm.

FIG. 4 shows a chain for placement on a roller in the deployed state.

FIG. 4 shows a chain 16 which can be placed on the surface of a roll in a deployed state. The chain 16 comprises a jacket portion 74 which is wound around the circumferential surface of a roll and two side portions 72 which partially cover the side surfaces of a roll. The jacket region 74 is in the FIG. 4 only shown as a detail. The marking 62 marks the center of the chain 16, which comes to rest after application to a roller in the middle of the roll. For tensioning the chain, in each case a tensioning chain 20 is arranged in the side regions 72, which is connected via pull-through links 64 to the rest of the chain 16. With the help of the tensioning chain 20, the chain 16 can be stretched and tightened after being mounted on a roller on both sides.

If a plurality of roller bodies are arranged on one axle in a roller, additional guide chains can be arranged at the connection points between the roller bodies in order to prevent the chain from being able to move away from the roller surface. The individual chain links are in the FIG. 4 provided with the reference numeral 22.

In FIG. 5 an enlarged section of a chain on a roller with two roller bodies is shown.

FIG. 5 shows two roller body 60 of a roller, wherein about the lateral surface of the roller body 60, a chain 16 is arranged with chain links 22. In order to prevent that the chain can move away from the lateral surface of the roller body 60, a guide chain 21 is provided, which is arranged in the boundary region between the two roller bodies 60. About chain locks 24, the guide chain 21 is connected to the chain links 22 of the chain 16.

Likewise the representation of the FIG. 5 can be taken that formed by the arrangement of the chain 16 on the surface of the roller recesses 70. These can be formed both by the shape of individual chain links 22, as well as by gaps between two chain links 22 are formed. In the recesses 70 may be deposited in the device for decomposing material parts of the treated material, in particular in the wells 70 recorded hard materials such as stones, glass components and metals can act on the material to be treated during the movement of the roller like knives , As a result, the material to be processed crushes or decomposes virtually even, without causing wear on the roller bodies 60 and the chain 16 occurs.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the device for decomposing material with a bottom arranged under the rollers.

In FIG. 6 another embodiment of the device 10 for decomposing material 40 is shown. The device 10 comprises two rollers 12, 14, which rotate against each other. The first roller 12 rotates in the direction 48, the second roller 14 rotates in the direction 50. The two rollers 12, 14 are arranged in the device 10 so that a gap 66 is formed between them. The width of the gap 66 can be adjusted by moving the two rollers 12, 14. Typically, the width of the gap 66 is set between 0 and about 100 mm. The rollers 12, 14 are surrounded by a housing 11, wherein above the housing 11 is a material feed 44, with the material to be treated 40 can be applied from above to the rollers 12, 14.

Material to be treated can be fed onto the rolls 12, 14 via the material feed 44 and is drawn into the gap 66 between the two rolls by the rotation of the rolls. As already described, the rolls are operated at different peripheral speeds, so that the material in the gap 66 is subjected to shearing forces and is thereby decomposed and comminuted. The rollers are, for example, designed as modified standard tires, which are arranged on an axle and whose running surface has been processed so that the roller circumference is uniform. The rollers 12, 14 may be covered with a chain 16 to enhance the action of force on the material.

Below the rollers 12, 14, a bottom 94 is arranged, which also extends below the gap 66 between the rollers 12, 14, so that there is a closed bottom surface from the left roller 12 to the right roller 14. The bottom 94 is curved with the shape of the curvature substantially following the rollers 12,14. The radius of curvature is greater than the radius of the respective roller 12, 14 chosen. In the region below the gap 66 between the rollers 12, 14, the curvature of the bottom 94 has a vertex 90. The vertex 90 is preferably rounded to prevent tangling of materials. Between the bottom 94 and the rollers 12, 14 is a gap 98. In the region of the apex 90, which is located below the gap 66 between the rollers 12, 14, the inlet region 88 is in the closed treating material enters the gap 98 between the rollers 12, 14 and the bottom 94. By the rotation of the rollers 12, 14, the material in the gap 98 between the rollers 12, 14 and the bottom 94 is taken and pulled over the bottom 94 and leaves the gap 98 at the exit points 92.

After exiting the exit points 92, the material can be removed via a conveyor such as a conveyor belt 100. To promote the material selectively to the exit points 92 and to prevent escape of material in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rollers 12, 14, side walls 82 can be arranged around the bottom 94 and the rollers 12, 14.

In the in FIG. 6 illustrated embodiment of the invention, the gap between the rollers 12, 14 and the bottom 94 has no constant width. In the area below the gap 66 between the rollers, the gap between the bottom 94 and the rollers 12, 14 has its greatest extent and tapers from there, viewed in each case in the direction of rotation 48, 50 of the rollers 12, 14. In the region below the gap 66 between the rollers 12, 14, that is, in the entry region of the gap 98, this preferably has a width between 50 and 200 mm, more preferably a width of about 100 mm. At the exit points 92, this preferably has a width between about 0 and 100 mm, more preferably a gap width of about 20 mm.

In the in FIG. 6 shown embodiment of the device are further arranged under the rollers 12, 14 screening areas 96 in the bottom 94. These have a plurality of screen openings, are separated by the material parts having a size smaller than the screen openings. About their own conveyors 102 for the separated parts they can be transported away regardless of the remaining material. In the illustrated embodiment, the separated material conveyors 102 and the remaining material conveyors 100 are each configured as conveyor belts. The conveyors 100 and 102 are aligned substantially parallel to the roll axes 56.

In order to adjust the width of the gap 98 between the rollers 12, 14 and the bottom 94, a bearing 84 is provided, which is supported by a plurality of spring elements 86. The spring force of the spring elements 86 can also be adjusted and is preferably selected so that the bottom 94 can yield elastically with a hard object contained in the material in order to convey it through the gap 98 between the bottom 94 and the rollers 12, 14 without being comminuted ,

FIG. 7 shows a section of a screening area in the bottom arranged under the rollers.

In FIG. 7 a portion of a screen area 96 of a floor 94 is shown. The bottom 94 with the screen section 96 is placed under a roller 12, 14 to additionally separate the material into different fractions during the decompressing operation. In the sieve region 96 of the bottom 94, a plurality of sieve openings 108 are arranged, which are preferably made round. The largest width of the screen openings is for example about 60 mm, with circular or oval screen openings 108 being preferred. Through the sieve region 96, the material to be treated is separated into two fractions, for example into a coarse fraction with particles larger than 60 mm and a finer fraction with particles smaller than 60 mm. In further embodiments, it is conceivable to provide a plurality of screen regions 96 with possibly different sized screen openings 108 in the bottom 94 in order to carry out a further subdivision.

In the in FIG. 7 illustrated embodiment of the bottom cylindrical tubes 110 are arranged under each sieve opening 108. The connection between the tubes 110 and the screen openings 108 is provided with a rounded portion 106 to prevent tangling of material to the screen openings 108. The tubes 110 have a width 114, which is preferably smaller than the length 112 of the tubes 110. Particularly preferred is a ratio of length 112 to the width 114 of the tubes 110 of 1.5.

In addition, the in FIG. 7 bottom provided with an armor 104 to roughen this. The armor 104 may be performed, for example in the form of a weld. The weld is preferably applied flat, for example in the form of points, lines or diamonds. The execution as a weld is advantageous because no sharp edges are formed on the ground, where material could get caught. <U> REFERENCE LIST </ u> 10 Dekompaktierungsvorrichtung 66 gap 11 casing 67 side surface 12 first roller 68 tread 14 second roller 70 wells 16 Chain 72 page range 74 cladding region 20 tensioning chain 21 encircling chain 22 link 82 Side wall 24 chain lock 84 storage 26 first engine 86 spring element 28 second engine 88 entrance area 30 first transmission 90 vertex 32 second gear 92 output 34 first regenerative frequency converter 94 ground 36 second regenerative frequency converter 96 screening area 38 control 98 gap 40 Material (compact) 100 Removal of rough fraction 42 Material (decompacted) 102 Remove fine fraction 44 material feed 104 armouring 46 conveyor belt 106 Rounded edge 48 Direction of rotation of the first roller 108 sieve opening 50 Direction of rotation second roller 110 tube 52 feeding direction 112 tube length 54 transport direction 114 diameter 56 axis 60 roller body 62 center 64 pulling element

Claims (5)

1. Device (10) for decompacting material, comprising two parallel rollers (12, 14), wherein the rollers (12, 14) are counter-rotating and a gap (66) for receiving material (40) remains between the two rollers (12, 14), wherein the rollers (12, 14) rotate at different rotational speeds such that material (40) to be decompacted enters the gap (66) between the rollers (12, 14) and is exposed to shear forces, characterized in that the roller surfaces are covered with chains (16), wherein the chains (16) comprise a shell region (74) that is wrapped around a shell face of the rollers (12, 14), and wherein the chains (16) comprise lateral regions (72) which partially cover the lateral faces of a roller (12, 14).
2. Device (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that guide chains (71) for preventing movement of the chains (16) in relation to the roller surface are disposed on the roller surfaces.
3. Device (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide chains (71) are connected to the chains (16) by way of chain locks (24).
4. Device (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that chain members (22) of the chains (16) form depressions (70) which are designed to receive parts of the material to be treated by the device (10).
5. Use of a device (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, for decompacting material.

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