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EP2530065B1 - Masse active à grande puissance pour une cible à rayonnement infrarouge à émission spectrale lors d'une combustion - Google Patents

Masse active à grande puissance pour une cible à rayonnement infrarouge à émission spectrale lors d'une combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2530065B1
EP2530065B1 EP12004098.5A EP12004098A EP2530065B1 EP 2530065 B1 EP2530065 B1 EP 2530065B1 EP 12004098 A EP12004098 A EP 12004098A EP 2530065 B1 EP2530065 B1 EP 2530065B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substance
fuel
active composition
intensity active
oxidizer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12004098.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2530065A3 (fr
EP2530065A2 (fr
Inventor
Arno Dr. Hahma
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2530065A2 publication Critical patent/EP2530065A2/fr
Publication of EP2530065A3 publication Critical patent/EP2530065A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2530065B1 publication Critical patent/EP2530065B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-performance active compound for a pyrotechnic infrared target that emits spectrally during combustion.
  • a pyrotechnic infrared target which radiates spectrally when burned, emits predominantly radiation with a wavelength of 3.5 to 4.6 ⁇ m when burned. H. radiation in the so-called B-band, and only to a lesser extent radiation in the range of a wavelength of 1.8 to 2.6 ⁇ m, the so-called A-band.
  • the A-band and the B-band are the wavelengths that are detected by conventional seeker heads.
  • Known spectrally emitting compositions for black body emitters contain nitrocellulose or ammonium perchlorate or potassium perchlorate and a binding agent such as hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene.
  • Active compounds with ammonium perchlorate are mechanically and thermally very sensitive and therefore do not meet the criteria of insensitive ammunition. Splintering, fire and slow heating can trigger a violent explosion with these active ingredients.
  • the practically achievable density of these active masses is a maximum of approx. 1500 kg / m 3 , so that relatively little of them can be accommodated in a decoy target of a given caliber.
  • Another disadvantage of such active compounds is that ammonium perchlorate is only compatible with other chemicals and / or materials to a very limited extent. On the one hand, this leads to safety problems and, on the other hand, to the fact that a large number of effective firing sets, e.g. B.
  • Active compositions containing nitrocellulose are also not insensitive and can easily explode. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that such active masses only burn at low wind speeds and their radiant power is not high when burned off. To ensure that it burns up in the wind, complex devices are required which, because of their space requirements, reduce the effective mass to be effectively transported in a decoy target.
  • the density of an active composition containing nitrocellulose is also a maximum of about 1500 kg / m 3 .
  • a major disadvantage of such an active mass is that its ignition requires a strong ignition pulse, which causes a strong, often non-spectral flash. This lightning bolt can tell a seeker head that the burning active mass is only a decoy target.
  • the DE 26 14 196 A1 relates to an infrared heater made from incendiary devices that are in direct contact with a metal foil, the incendiary device consisting of an intimate mixture of potassium nitrate and metallic boron.
  • the incendiary device consisting of an intimate mixture of potassium nitrate and metallic boron.
  • a mixture of potassium nitrate and boron is mixed with a nitrocellulose lacquer and the dispersion obtained in this way is drawn onto an aluminum foil.
  • the nitrocellulose lacquer is produced by mixing butanone with a mixture of nitrocellulose and glycerine nitrate.
  • a black powder mixture is dispersed in the nitrocellulose lacquer and the resulting dispersion is applied to an aluminum foil.
  • a sea marker for emergency approach procedures for aircraft on board ships is known.
  • This comprises a tube with a pyrotechnic charge arranged therein, the tube having a flare which can be overlaid by an intermediate charge.
  • the intermediate set may include barium nitrate, sulfur, charcoal, flour black powder, methyl cellulose, silica, and a binder.
  • An accentuation made of barium nitrate, potassium perchlorate and zirconium / nickel can be arranged on the intermediate set.
  • U.S. 5,834,680 A discloses a decoy active composition comprising 20-60% by weight magnesium, 5-50% by weight ammonium perchlorate, 8-30% by weight of a polymeric binder and 5-30% by weight anthracene or decacylene.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an active composition which, when burned, radiates spectrally with high radiation power, ie radiation in the B-band emitted, which is far more intense than the radiation emitted when burning in the A-band.
  • the active mass should be relatively insensitive, but should nonetheless be able to ignite quickly and easily, and should have a relatively low loss of radiant power when the surrounding air burns up as the speed of the surrounding air increases.
  • a high-performance active compound for a pyrotechnic infrared target which is spectrally radiating when it is burned off.
  • the high-performance active material comprises a fuel, an oxidizing agent, a binding agent and a substance containing carbon.
  • the fuel and the oxidizing agent are selected in such a way that the oxidizing agent can oxidize the fuel in an exothermic primary reaction with the development of a temperature of at least 1000 K after it has been ignited.
  • Combustion temperatures are known for a large number of known combinations of a fuel and an oxidizer. If the resulting temperature is not known, it can be estimated from known combustion temperatures and / or determined without great effort by measuring during the combustion.
  • the substance is chosen so that the substance is endothermic pyrolysed by the heat released in the primary reaction and in the process releases flammable gas in air, in particular with a non-sooting flame.
  • suitable substances are known to the skilled person.
  • natural substances such as wood or lignite come into consideration for this.
  • the specialist knowledge of the person skilled in the art is sufficient for the selection of such a substance. If there is any doubt about a substance that is highly likely to be considered, it is sufficient to carry out a single experiment to determine whether the substance is pyrolysed with the release of a gas that is combustible in air when the heat is released.
  • the fuel is not so strongly reducing that the resulting CO 2 can be reduced to carbon.
  • the substance and its proportion in the high-performance active compound are selected so that the temperature of the high-performance active compound does not exceed 2000 K after it has been ignited because of the heat extraction due to the endothermic pyrolysis.
  • the selection of a substance from the substances in question according to the above conditions and its proportion in the active mass only requires the implementation of a very limited number of routine experiments.
  • the results of the routine experiments such as, for example, the measured temperature of the high-performance active substance after its ignition, can be estimated before carrying out the experiments on the basis of known parameters of the substance, such as the specific heat requirement for its pyrolysis.
  • a more precise specification of the features according to the invention is not possible without unduly restricting the invention. For the average person skilled in the art, however, the selection specified by the features does not pose a problem.
  • the carbon can be contained in the substance in elemental form or in the form of at least one carbon atom in a molecule comprised by the substance.
  • the redox potential of the fuel is at least as high as the redox potential of carbon, ie the fuel is at most as strongly reducing as carbon.
  • the redox potential may also be slightly lower, so that CO 2 is reduced to CO, as CO in the air burns immediately to CO 2 , creating a large flame that increases the power and the spatial effect. This means that the free enthalpy of a reaction of the fuel with CO at the resulting temperature is greater than or equal to 0, i.e. a reaction of the fuel with CO under the given conditions does not take place voluntarily.
  • the resulting CO 2 which generates strong radiation in the desired B-band, cannot be reduced to carbon.
  • the radiation power of the burning high-performance active composition according to the invention exceeds the radiation power of conventional ammonium perchlorate-containing active compositions in some cases by more than three times and can, under operating conditions, i. H. at high speed of the surrounding air, even exceed the radiation power of the blackbody radiator MTV in the B-band.
  • the fuel can also contain carbon. At least the material properties of the substance and the fuel can be identical. If the material composition is identical, however, the material can be in a different form, for example as a compressed material in a loose fill of the fuel. Even if the fuel and the substance are identical in nature, part of them can serve as fuel and the remainder as substance, if only the amount of the oxidizing agent sufficient for the oxidation of the part serving as fuel. The rest is pyrolysed as a substance. The substance and the fuel can also have a different material composition.
  • the oxygen balance of a high-performance active composition according to the invention is generally negative, and yet the avoidance of the formation of soot avoids intense radiation in the A-band, which is otherwise common with active compositions that are not balanced with oxygen.
  • a feature of the high-performance active composition according to the invention is that the primary reaction generates a temperature which is reduced by the endothermic pyrolysis. There is a spatial separation of the primary reaction and the reaction of the gas with the oxygen in the air.
  • the gas produced during pyrolysis enlarges a flame that is produced, which can consist of a primary flame formed by the primary reaction and a secondary flame formed by the reaction of the gas with atmospheric oxygen.
  • a primary flame is understood to mean a flame in which there is no reaction with the oxygen in the air, i.e. H. an anaerobic flame.
  • a secondary flame is understood to mean a flame in which a reaction with oxygen takes place, i.e. H. an aerobic flame.
  • the released flammable gas ignites immediately when it comes into contact with the air, as the primary reaction causes it to be heated to a temperature above the ignition temperature. This creates a secondary flame with properties similar to a flame from a jet engine, which is also formed by combustible gases that burn in the air.
  • the spectrum of the secondary flame is similar to the spectrum of a kerosene flame. Due to the spatial separation of the secondary flame from the surface of the high-performance active compound, this surface is not or at least not significantly heated by the secondary flame, thereby avoiding a shift in the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the high-performance active compound from the B-band to the A-band.
  • the oxygen in the air serves as a further oxidizing agent.
  • less oxidizing agent is required and the performance of the high-performance active compound according to the invention and the gas volume that can be generated therefrom are considerably increased in relation to their mass compared to the previously known pyrotechnic active compounds which emit spectrally during combustion.
  • Previous attempts to increase the radiant power of such active materials have always been based on changing the fuel contained therein and the oxidizing agent contained therein or on a change in the quantitative ratio of Fuel to oxidizer. The experiments always resulted in the generation of a higher temperature and thus in a shift in the wavelength of the emitted radiation towards the A-band.
  • the high-performance active compound according to the invention does not have to contain ammonium perchlorate, the high-performance active compound can be made so insensitive that it can be classified as insensitive ammunition.
  • Another advantage of the high-performance active compound according to the invention is that it can be composed of very cost-effective components.
  • the high-performance active material can be bound with almost any binding agent.
  • hardening resins such as HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) nor solvents, for example to dissolve nitrocellulose, have to be used.
  • the production and processing of the high-performance active compound is thereby significantly simplified and helps to keep its costs low.
  • a larger gas volume can be generated per unit mass with the high-performance active mass according to the invention than with known spectrally radiating active masses, because the high-performance active mass according to the invention contains less oxidizing agent and uses the atmospheric oxygen for oxidation.
  • the essential advantage of the high-performance active compound according to the invention is that the radiation spectrum of the burning and moving high-performance active compound very precisely reproduces the spectrum of a moving jet engine.
  • the fuel contains either elemental carbon, e.g. B. in the form of graphite, or comprises boron, silicon, antimony, iron, manganese, cobalt or nickel or a mixture, e.g. B. from powders of these substances, or an alloys of these substances.
  • elemental carbon e.g. B. in the form of graphite
  • the reaction products of the fuel with the oxidizing agent should not be volatile, since volatile reaction products cause a very hot flame and thus the emission of black body radiation.
  • the fuel is preferably selected so that after the primary reaction it leaves behind a solid, ie neither volatile nor liquid, reaction product. This can be ash, for example. The release of this reaction product when the high-performance active compound burns off creates a spectral spatial effect. After the primary reaction, a solid residue, ie a solid reaction product, is left behind Fuels are known in large numbers to the person skilled in the art.
  • the oxidizing agent comprises a perchlorate, chlorate, oxide, sulfate, nitrate, dinitramine, nitrite, peroxide, dinitromethanate, in particular sodium, potassium or ammonium dinitromethanate, a nitro compound, a nitrate ester, hexogen, octogen, nitrocellulose or nitropenta.
  • the substance pyrolyzed by the heat released in the primary reaction includes sugar, wood, in particular in the form of wood flour or sawdust, grain flour, in particular wheat flour, lignite, peat, cellulose, starch, tobacco, an oxalate, in particular calcium oxalate, a formate, in particular magnesium formate, an acetate, in particular calcium acetate, a propionate, in particular calcium propionate, polyethylene glycol, polyoxymethylene, polyamide, in particular nylon®, urea, hexamethylenetetramine, trioxane or paraformaldehyde.
  • the fuel, the oxidizing agent and the substance can, depending on how the respective other constituents of the high-performance active compound are selected, be selected from groups which comprise identical organic compounds. So z. B. Hexogen in combination with a perchlorate can be a fuel, on the other hand it is an oxidizing agent if a metal is used as fuel.
  • the fuel is not sulfur, although sulfur is contained in the high-performance active compound.
  • the sulfur can prevent a primary flame generated in the primary reaction from being blown out at high wind speeds.
  • the fuel, the oxidizing agent and the substance and the amount of the fuel, the oxidizing agent and the substance are preferably selected in such a way that when the high-performance active substance burns off in the air, the ratio between the specific power of the emitted radiation in the wavelength range from 1.8 to 2 .6 ⁇ m for the specific power of the emitted radiation in the wavelength range from 3.5 to 4.6 ⁇ m is at most 1: 3, in particular at most 1: 5, in particular at most 1:10. The said ratio is smaller, the lower the temperature that the high-performance active compound reaches after it has been ignited.
  • the selection and the determination of the quantity only requires the implementation of routine experiments.
  • the substance is chosen so that the gas that can be released therefrom by pyrolysis is a gas which in the air with a maximum flame temperature below 2000 K burns.
  • the flame temperatures for a large number of gases that can be released by pyrolysis are known from the literature, the temperature can also be easily determined by measurement. The selection of substances whose gases released by pyrolysis have a maximum flame temperature below 2000 K does not exceed the reasonable effort of routine experiments that is usual in this field.
  • the binder is preferably selected so that it does not cause any soot to form when the high-performance active compound burns off.
  • Such binders are known to the person skilled in the art. If it is not known for a binding agent in question whether it produces soot when it burns, a simple experiment is sufficient to answer this question. Soot formation would lead to stronger radiation in the area of the A-band, which is not desired here.
  • the binder can be, for. B. be polychloroprene.
  • the performance of the burning active masses was measured dynamically on a sled at a speed of 75 m / s and 150 m / s. Between 120 and 170 g of active material were used in each case.
  • High-performance active compound according to the invention with boron as fuel, potassium nitrate as oxidizing agent and lignite as substance to be pyrolyzed The sulfur supports the primary reaction at high wind speeds by preventing the primary flame from being blown out.
  • the high-performance active mass generates an approx. 30 m long spectral spatial effect when burned at speeds of 75 m / s and 150 m / s.
  • material Type Weight percent Others Brown coal Heating professional, finely ground, 32.0 TMD 1712 Grain size ⁇ 100 ⁇ m Potassium nitrate finely ground, 53.0 Grain size ⁇ 10 ⁇ m boron Grain size ⁇ 1 ⁇ m 4.0 sulfur finely powdered 8.0 Chloroprene Macroplast 3.0
  • High-performance active compound according to the invention with silicon as fuel and otherwise the same components as the high-performance active compound according to Example 3:
  • the high-performance active compound creates an approx. 30 m long spatial effect when burned at speeds of 75 m / s and 150 m / s.
  • material Type Weight percent Others Brown coal Heating professional, finely ground, 30.0 TMD 1735 Grain size ⁇ 100 ⁇ m Potassium nitrate finely ground, 51.0 Grain size ⁇ 10 ⁇ m silicon fine, grain size ⁇ 30 ⁇ m 8.0 sulfur finely powdered 8.0 Chloroprene Macroplast 3.0
  • % MTV indicates the measured power as a percentage of the power measured for the MTV standard.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Masse active hautes performances pour un leurre infrarouge pyrotechnique présentant une émission spectrale lors de sa combustion, comprenant un combustible, un oxydant, un liant et une substance contenant du carbone, dans laquelle le combustible et l'oxydant sont choisis de telle sorte que l'oxydant puisse oxyder le combustible après son allumage dans le cadre d'une réaction primaire exothermique avec création d'une température d'au moins 1000 K, la substance étant choisie de telle sorte que la substance subisse une pyrolyse endothermique sous l'effet de la chaleur qui se dégage lors de la réaction primaire, en libérant ainsi un gaz pouvant brûler à l'air, le combustible n'ayant pas un effet réducteur important au point que le CO2 formé puisse être réduit en carbone, la substance et sa proportion pondérale par rapport à la masse active hautes performances étant choisies de telle sorte que la température de la masse active hautes performances ne dépasse pas 2000 K après son allumage, du fait de la chaleur prélevée sous l'effet de la pyrolyse ayant lieu d'une manière endothermique, le combustible contenant du carbone ou comprenant du bore, du silicium, de l'antimoine, du fer, du manganèse, du cobalt ou du nickel ou un mélange ou un alliage de ces substances, l'oxydant comprenant un perchlorate, un chlorate, un oxyde, un sulfate, un nitrate, de la dinitramine, un nitrite, un peroxyde, un dinitrométhanate, un composé nitré, un ester nitrate, de l'hexogène, de l'octogène, de la nitrocellulose ou de la nitropenta, la substance comprenant du sucre, du bois, de la farine de céréale, du lignite, de la tourbe, de la cellulose, de l'amidon, du tabac, un oxalate, un formiate, un acétate, un propionate, du polyéthylèneglycol, du polyoxyméthylène, un polyamide, de l'urée, de l'hexaméthylènetétramine, du trioxane ou du paraformaldéhyde, le combustible n'étant pas le soufre, mais du soufre étant contenu dans la masse active hautes performances.
  2. Masse active hautes performances selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le combustible comprend du carbone élémentaire.
  3. Masse active hautes performances selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le combustible est choisi de façon à laisser après la réaction primaire un produit de réaction solide.
  4. Masse active hautes performances selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'oxydant dinitrométhanate est le dinitrométhanate de sodium, de potassium ou d'ammonium.
  5. Masse active hautes performances selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la substance bois se présente sous forme de farine de bois ou de sciures, la substance farine de céréale est la farine de blé, la substance oxalate est l'oxalate de calcium, la substance formiate est le formiate de magnésium, la substance acétate est l'acétate de calcium, la substance propionate est le propionate de calcium et la substance dinitrométhanate est le dinitrométhanate de sodium, de potassium ou d'ammonium.
  6. Masse active hautes performances selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le combustible, l'oxydant et la substance, et les quantités du combustible, de l'oxydant et de la substance sont choisis de telle sorte que la température de la masse active hautes performances ne dépasse pas, après l'allumage, 1770 K, en particulier 1270 K, en particulier 970 K.
  7. Masse active hautes performances selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le liant est choisi de façon qu'il n'y ait aucune formation de suie lors de la combustion de la masse active hautes performances.
  8. Masse active hautes performances selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle le liant est le polychloroprène.
EP12004098.5A 2011-06-03 2012-05-26 Masse active à grande puissance pour une cible à rayonnement infrarouge à émission spectrale lors d'une combustion Active EP2530065B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011103482A DE102011103482A1 (de) 2011-06-03 2011-06-03 Hochleistungswirkmasse für ein beim Abbrand spektral strahlendes Infrarotscheinziel

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2530065A2 EP2530065A2 (fr) 2012-12-05
EP2530065A3 EP2530065A3 (fr) 2017-08-30
EP2530065B1 true EP2530065B1 (fr) 2021-07-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12004098.5A Active EP2530065B1 (fr) 2011-06-03 2012-05-26 Masse active à grande puissance pour une cible à rayonnement infrarouge à émission spectrale lors d'une combustion

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2530065B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011103482A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL219821A0 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201203972B (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012023549B4 (de) * 2012-11-28 2014-11-06 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Verwendung eines Dinitromethansalzes
CN103304497B (zh) * 2013-06-05 2016-05-11 西南科技大学 一种硝酸镁辅助直接硝解法合成黑索今的方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE532043A (fr) * 1953-09-25
DE2614196A1 (de) * 1976-04-02 1977-10-13 Dynamit Nobel Ag Infrarotstrahler
DE4013516A1 (de) * 1990-04-27 1991-10-31 Piepenbrock Pyrotechnik Gmbh Seemarkierer fuer notanflugverfahren von bordflugzeugen von schiffen
US5472533A (en) * 1994-09-22 1995-12-05 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Spectrally balanced infrared flare pyrotechnic composition
US5834680A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-11-10 Cordant Technologies Inc. Black body decoy flare compositions for thrusted applications and methods of use
US6427599B1 (en) * 1997-08-29 2002-08-06 Bae Systems Integrated Defense Solutions Inc. Pyrotechnic compositions and uses therefore
GB9802454D0 (en) * 1998-01-28 2000-12-20 Secr Defence Infra-red emitting decoy flare
DE10355507A1 (de) * 2003-11-27 2005-06-30 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Pyrotechnischer Satz zur Erzeugung von IR-Strahlung
DE102008063907B4 (de) * 2008-12-19 2011-04-21 Weco Pyrotechnische Fabrik Gmbh Pyrotechnischer Körper mit Titan und seine Verwendung
DE102010053694A1 (de) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Pyrotechnische Scheinzielwirkmasse für Infrarotscheinziele
DE102010053813A1 (de) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Hochleistungswirkmasse für pyrotechnische Infrarotscheinziele

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL219821A0 (en) 2012-10-31
ZA201203972B (en) 2013-02-27
EP2530065A3 (fr) 2017-08-30
DE102011103482A1 (de) 2012-12-06
EP2530065A2 (fr) 2012-12-05

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