EP2512681B1 - Hammer with a cutting attachment and a base body - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a flail, in particular for crushing devices with a rotor or at least one shaft, on or on which the flail is fastened.

Crushing devices, which are equipped with at least one mallet, which are arranged on a rotor or on a rotating shaft in the comminution device and which cooperate for comminuting the material to be comminuted with a counter-blade arranged in the device, are known. The problem with the maintenance of equipped with flail shredders is usually that the blades or the blade carrier wear very quickly and thereby at least the blades or the blade carrier must be changed at regular intervals. The change of the blades is a time-consuming affair, which leads to prolonged downtime of the crushing device.

From the publication DE G 94 15 108.3 a comminution unit is known, on whose circumference cutting tools, in particular flails are arranged, which are preferably rotatably mounted and which are equipped with counter blades outside of the rotor. This shredding unit is characterized by the fact that the flail is provided with a replaceable cutting tip, which is connected by an interlocking profile with the flail. In this case, the meshing profile of grooves and ribs is formed, wherein the cutting tip and the flail are connected by a securing element.

From the publication DE 10 2005 023 339 A1 is a flail known for a rotary shredder. This mallet comprises an elongated base body with a pivot bearing, by means of which the flail is pivotally engageable on a rotor about a pivot axis parallel to the rotor axis and with a support surface extending towards the free end of the base body. Furthermore, the flail has a cutting head with cutting edges projecting at opposite ends, wherein the cutting head is supported on the base body via the support surface and complementary interengaging structures on the support surface and cutting head provided on the support surface. Furthermore is a releasable connection means for connecting the base body and cutting head provided, which is passed through the complementary structures. In this case, to increase the stability, the complementary structures are formed by a depression formed in the support surface of the main body and a complementary projection of the cutting head. Furthermore, here the cutting head is protected, which has the particular advantage that it is rotatable by 180 degrees, so that after the wear of the first cutting edge, the second cutting edge can be used.

Furthermore, from the document DE 195 34 033 A1 a racket for hammer crushers and mills known. The advantage of this embodiment is given by the fact that the head is completely embedded with an inner portion in a recess of the body.

It is still the same DE 20 2007 013 269 U1 known. This is an earlier application of the applicant. Here, a mallet is beaten before, which is characterized in that in the lower body arranged in the interior of the lower body recess is provided, in which at least one provided on the cutting head connection lug engages positively. It is provided that a lower body and a cutting head cooperate with each other in a form-fitting manner to form a flail. However, this flail has the disadvantage that the proportion of material of the cutting head or cutting body is much too high compared to the total material content of the flail. This results in the fact that the production of the Schlegel according to the prior art, of course, is significantly more material consuming and in particular cause the spare parts for the Schlegel overall too high costs. Another disadvantage of the known from the prior art solution is that, although it has an excellent self-centering positive connection. However, their production is extremely complicated by there, for example, V-shaped expiring support surfaces must be created both on the cutting body and on the lower body. For this purpose, it is necessary to hold certain tools or shapes, for example, to press the parts of the bowl. The production of in particular J-shaped form-fitting connections, both in the lower body and in the Cutting body must be included, is also very expensive, so that the overall task is to reduce these expenses for the production.

The DE 3 545 708 A1 relates to a rotating flail for shredding wood waste in Kompostiergeräten.

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a flail, in particular for crushing devices, which no longer has the disadvantages known in the prior art, which in particular is much easier to manufacture and has a proportion of material with respect to the cutting body, the significantly lower is, as is the case with the solutions of the prior art.

Based on this prior art, the invention proposes a Schlegelmit the features of claim 1 before.

The flail, in particular for crushing devices with a rotor or at least one shaft before, on or on which the flail is fastened, consists of a provided with a through hole body, wherein the through hole for connecting the flail is provided with the rotor or the shaft, and a cutting insert, which is detachably / firmly connectable to the base body by at least one positive connection and by at least one connecting means, which is characterized in that the connecting means exerts a force in the direction of an axis of symmetry of the connecting means, the cutting insert in the positive connection of the base body pulls, and on the basis of a first force (P), a second force (P1) results that the cutting insert at a decreasing angle (α) between 91 to 145 degrees with respect to a parallel to the resultant Kraf (P1) erstr cornering axis (Y) of the flail and the axis of symmetry of the connecting means substantially parallel to the axis (Y) of the flail in the body pulls or presses. Between the base body and the cutting insert a sickle-like chamber is provided, through which the connecting means is passed. It is now achieved that the positive connection can be performed much less complicated due to the design of the connecting means. The usual J-shape and In particular, the execution of Abstützflachen that are V-shaped or tapered outward expiring, are no longer necessary.

Furthermore, it is possible by this design, just to further reduce the material content of the cutting body or the cutting insert relative to the main body on. The at least one connecting means, which positively connects the main body to the cutting body, or supports the positive connection by an additional frictional connection, is designed such that the force P, which pulls or presses the cutting insert into the positive connection of the main body, in a slightly sloping Angle α is provided with respect to the Y axis of the bracket and the axis of symmetry of the connecting means. By this type of embodiment, it is possible to design the flail for crushing devices so that the entire flail consists only of two parts, namely the cutting insert and the base body, the material content of the cutting insert, as already mentioned, is relatively low. The previously known in the prior art advantages, according to which the cutting body, for example, can be universally aligned to different cutting tasks, of course, remain. Furthermore, it turns out that the wear is just aligned with the cutting part of the cutting insert and the body is not affected by the wear substantially. There are a number of design options, which then further develop these advantages of the first embodiment of the invention. Compared to the prior art, the support surfaces, which extend in a wedge shape inward, completely saved. The main body is pulled upwards according to the invention and made stronger in terms of weight and volume. The cutting insert, which is inserted into the base body, is no longer completely J-shaped on the side cooperating with the main body, but only semi-circular. The fact that the connecting means is inserted at an angle sloping counter to the cutting direction or against the Y-axis of the body, it follows that due to an upper, now not seen wedge-shaped, but just running surface, a pressure is applied downward, then presses the rounding on the correspondingly formed rounding on the body. With a single connection means, for example a screw connection, one thus achieves a double effect here. Furthermore, by the The invention achieves that the knife or the cutting insert as a whole has a much higher cutting attachment, which can then be processed almost to the base body in its intended use. In addition, there are great manufacturing advantages, since it is no longer necessary to train in the prior art complicated or auszubenden, wedge-shaped inwardly or outwardly sloping extending support surfaces.

The invention is characterized in a development of the invention in that the force is provided at a decreasing angle with respect to the Y axis of the bracket and the axis of symmetry of the connecting means. The advantages that provide this embodiment have been previously described and will be obtained here in the same way again.

Another aspect of the present invention is specified in that the connecting means, corresponding to the angle α sloping against the cutting direction, is arranged in the mallet and generates or causes the force P in the tightened state.

The angle a, which, as already mentioned, results between the Y axis of the baffle and the axis of symmetry of the connecting means, is provided at an angle between 91 ° to 145 °, preferably 105 °. As a result of this configuration, it follows that, based on the force P, a force P1 results, which pulls or presses the cutting insert into the main body.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the connecting means is formed by a screw connection consisting of correspondingly provided connecting holes in the base body and in the cutting insert, preferably designed as a machine screw screw and a nut, which preferably supports by means of a washer and optionally by means of a Circlip is secured against unintentional loosening.

In this case, it is provided according to the invention that the connecting bores are formed conically sloping counter to the cutting direction. This causes that The screw of the screw can be inserted easier. Of course, it is also possible to provide corresponding conical bolts, which then correspond to the cone of the connecting hole, in order to obtain an additional securing composite here.

The invention further proposes that the base body extends on its side facing the cutting insert up to a defined distance from a circle defined by the knife tip of the cutting insert to form a support region and / or a cutout for the cutting insert , This defined distance from the circle of the blade therefore indicates the extent to which the blade tip or the cutting insert is intended for processing. When this area is finished, the cutting insert must be changed. It is advantageous if, starting from the circle of the knife tip, a free cut is formed at the desired distance, which is essentially obtained by a rounding of the body in the cutting direction, which is located exactly in the area where the cutting body angling in the direction of the knife tip experiences.

The distance that emanates from the circle of the blade tip of the cutting insert is further defined by the body circle at its point farthest from the axis of rotation. Now it is clear which distance is actually available for a material removal of the cutting insert. This is inventively much larger than in all the flails in the prior art, which have been used so far and are known. The further advantage, according to which, despite this increase in the processing height, the proportion of material of the cutting insert relative to the base body is kept extremely low, is surprisingly obtained simultaneously by the embodiment according to the invention.

The cutting insert according to the invention is supported, similar, as in the solutions of the prior art, in its entire width on or on the base body. This ensures better power transmission from the cutting insert to the base body.

A further aspect of the solution according to the invention is specified by the fact that the cutting insert is designed to be insertable into the basic body at least partially, in particular with its part of the positive connection. It is preferred if this part of the positive connection of the main body is enclosed on all sides, so that only the tip of the insert protrudes from the body. This ensures that the positive connection can not be damaged by the material to be shredded or by any impurities in the material to be shredded. The positive connection of the cutting insert to the main body is no longer completely J-shaped, as in the prior art, but only semi-circular shaped. Despite this minimalized form-fitting connection to obtain an excellent fit by the solution such that the screw as a connecting means exerts a force that precisely pulls the cutting insert precisely in this positive connection of the Grundkör pers or presses. Of course, the respective mating surfaces are formed corresponding to each other.

As an advantage, it has proven thereby, when the support region is provided in the base body in a connecting recess, which is bounded at least laterally by a respective web. This also serves to protect the positive connection and in particular a better composite.

According to the invention, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the base body and the cutting insert or the ratio of the mass of base body to cutting insert is between 1: 2 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 3.

The invention is also characterized in that the cutting insert has a web in the area in which the connecting means is provided. The web may in this case have the same width as the connecting recess in the base body or, in the installed or assembled state, preferably extend laterally beyond the edge of the main body at least to the edge of the base body. This embodiment has the advantage that thereby the base body is even better protected against wear and that in an area that could still be reached by material so far, resulting in wear. In the narrower design is this Bridge still designed so that here a wear effect can arise. This is completely avoided by the wider configuration namely the extent up to the edge of the body or beyond.

The invention furthermore proposes that, to form the positive connection, a connecting projection is provided on the cutting insert and a connecting nub in the base body, and the connecting projection and the connecting nub have a mutually corresponding shape. The advantages of such a design have already been described. Overall, it should be noted that this type of positive connection is not so complicated to produce, as is the case with the solutions of the prior art so far.

It is advantageous if the connecting nub and the connection lug have an outer or inner radius of 15-20 mm, based on a third circle of the outer or inner rounding of the connecting nub and connecting lug.

It is advantageous in this case if the connecting nub is provided in the front part of the main body viewed in the cutting direction.

Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention that the cutting body is designed as an exchange knife, which has at least two cutting tips. Thus, such a mallet can also be used for comminution tasks of fibrous and soft wood, such as eucalyptus wood.

The invention also proposes, in a further development, that hardened areas, armorings, welds, hard metal supports or the like are provided as cutting tips on the cutting body at the edges and / or sides pointing in the cutting direction. This design serves to keep the wear effects low and to extend the life of the flail tip or the cutting body.

Of course, it is also provided according to the invention that at least the cutting edges of the cutting body are formed of hard metal.

The variants of flails already known in the prior art, which are characterized by different cutting tips, are also retained in the solution according to the invention. Accordingly, a development is characterized in that the cutting tips are marked on the cutting insert by different tip shapes.

It is also advantageous if the cutting tip or the cutting tips are wedge-shaped and / or V-shaped in the direction of the cutting direction. The main body for the flail according to the invention, as already known in the prior art, at least one opening which is preferably provided on the side facing away from the cutting direction of the lower body, which extends at least to the through hole and serves to receive a lubricating device. In the simplest form, this may for example be a grease nipple, which is operated by means of a grease gun, for example. Of course, it is also possible to provide other lubricating devices there.

The invention is also distinguished by the fact that the base body and / or cutting body has been at least partially obtained as a forged stamped part. This is a very cheap production, which makes the cost of producing the Schlegels invention quite cheap.

Of course, the invention also proposes a crusher, in particular a hacker with at least one flail, as previously described.

Fig. 1a bis 1c

eine erste Ausführungsform eines Schlegels nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 1d bis 1f

verschiedene Ansichten eines Schneidkörpers nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 2

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Schlegels nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 2a und 2b

verschiedene Ansichten des Schlegels nach Fig. 2,

Fig. 3

dreidimensionale Darstellung eines Grundkörpers nach der Erfindung. Fig. 4-6 weitere Ausgestaltung eines Schlegels nach der Erfindung

Fig. 4a-4c

verschiedene Ansichten eines Schneidkörpers mit breitem Steg nach der Erfindung

Fig. 5a-5c

weitere Ansichten eines weiteren nach der Erfindung gebildeten Schneidkörpers

The invention will be further described by means of embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1a to 1c

a first embodiment of a fork according to the invention,

Fig. 1d to 1f

different views of a cutting body according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a further embodiment of a fork according to the invention,

Fig. 2a and 2b

different views of the Schlegel after Fig. 2 .

Fig. 3

three-dimensional representation of a basic body according to the invention. Fig. 4-6 further embodiment of a bracket according to the invention

Fig. 4a-4c

various views of a cutter with a broad ridge according to the invention

Fig. 5a-5c

further views of another according to the invention formed cutting body

The Fig. 1a shows in a three-dimensional representation of a flail 1 according to the invention. In this case, the base body 2 is provided with a through bore B, which serves to connect the flail 1 with the rotor or a shaft of the crushing device, which is not shown. The main body 2 is provided with a cutting insert 3, which, as can be seen, is enclosed by the basic body 2 in a relatively full-surface manner at its form-locking connection V. The cutting insert 3 has cutting edges or blade tips 31, 31 '. In the embodiment shown according to Fig. 1a For example, these tips are soldered as tungsten carbide plates. However, this is not a limiting embodiment, but only one of many possible variants. The flail carries, indicated schematically by an arrow, a total of the reference numeral 1. The positive connection V is in the illustration shown in accordance with Fig. 1b clearly better to recognize. It is marked with a V and is formed on the base body 2 by a connecting nub 23, which is in the cutting direction S front of the base body 2. Correspondingly, a corresponding connection projection 32 with a downwardly extending taper is provided on the cutting insert 3, which of course follows the shape of the connecting projection 23 on the base body 2 in a corresponding manner. The connecting means 4, in the form of the screw 43, is provided at a decreasing angle α with respect to the Y-axis of the bracket 1. It is clear that the lanyard 4 generates a force P in the tensioned state, from which a force P1 results which pulls or presses the cutting insert 3 into the positive connection V of the main body 2.

The angle α with respect to the Y-axis to the axis of symmetry A of the screw 43 is in the illustrated embodiment about 105 °. However, this angle can be between 91 ° to 145 °. The axis of rotation R of the flail is located in the through hole B.

Starting from the axis of rotation R, a cutout 25 is formed at the location of the main body 2 furthest from the axis of rotation R. This serves to ensure that shredded material can be better dissipated and in particular also to keep the wear on the base body 2 low. At 21, the support area is designated on the base body 2, on which the cutting insert 3 is supported during intended use. In the embodiment not shown here is now a V-shaped configuration, which is provided on both sides expiring in the prior art, now not required. The cutting insert 3 has in Fig. 1b a receiving pocket 34 for the knife tips 31.

Furthermore, in Fig. 1b denotes the opening 200 in the base body 2, which serves as a lubricating opening. It is for example suitable for receiving a grease nipple. Of course, you can also provide there a lubricant approach or a lubricant supply, by means of which metered lubricant can be supplied. In Fig. 1c are the same reference numerals, as used in FIGS. 1a and 1b, so that a new representation can essentially be dispensed with. However, in Fig. 1c It can be seen very clearly that the distance h, starting from an imaginary line F, extends as a circle of circles for the blade tip 31 up to a line G, which is defined as being farthest from the rotation axis R of the base body 2 , Between the base body 2 and the cutting insert 3 is still a sickle-like chamber 24 is provided, which optionally serves to cushion the clamping force of the screw 43 and the clamping force of the connecting means 4. Even when used correctly as intended forces can be cushioned accordingly.

The Fig. 1d to 1f show an embodiment of the inventive Schlegels 1 according to the invention. However, only the cutting insert 3 is shown. As can be seen, the cutting insert 3 has receiving pockets 34 accommodating knives on its cutting edge. The connecting bore 42 shows that the representations of Figs. 1d and 1e have been made from different angular positions. Fig. 1d shows the cutting insert 3 according to the invention in an embodiment in a side view. On the cutting insert, a shoulder edge 33 is defined on the side facing away from the cutting direction S, which can likewise define the removal height of the material of the cutting insert 3. In addition, there is the starting point to find where in the Fig. 1b and 1c the cutout 25 is shown. As can be seen, the cutting insert 3 is supported at least in its upper region in its entire width on the base body 2. For this purpose, the support region 21 is defined on the base body 2. The connection insert 32 on the cutting body 3 is, as can be seen, formed so corresponding that it fits to the connecting nub 23 of the base body 2 accordingly. Only by this embodiment of a semicircular or knob-shaped design of this positive connection V has been able to reduce the corresponding savings in the production of the cutting body according to the invention. In the interaction of the positive connection V with the connecting means 4, it has been possible to obtain an extremely efficient solution which meets all the requirements and in particular reduces the proportion of material of the cutting insert 3 in the entire material portion of the bracket 1. This makes it possible to minimize repair expenditures in the proper use of a corresponding shredding device.

The Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a bracket 1 according to the invention. Here, the same features are denoted by the same reference numerals here again, which is why a renewed presentation can be omitted here. The cutting insert 3 has in the illustration according to Fig. 2 two cutting tips 31, 31 ". Otherwise, this mallet 1 corresponds to the in the Fig. 1 illustrated embodiments substantially. In the Fig. 3 It can be seen that the base body 2 has a connecting recess 22 which is limited at least laterally by a respective web 26, 27. Furthermore, in the illustration according to Fig. 3 very nice to see where the connection knob 23 is arranged. Furthermore, it is also readily apparent that the support region 21 is only semicircular is formed and has no conical configuration with respect to a lateral extent. Accordingly, such a body, as well as the cutting insert 3 is relatively inexpensive to manufacture.

The Fig. 2a to 2c show different views of the Schlegel after the Fig. 2 , In this case, the corresponding reference numerals have already been presented, so that dispenses with a new idea.

The FIGS. 4 to 6 show further embodiments of a dish according to the invention. Here, the web 50, which is located in the region of the connecting means on the cutting insert 3, designed wider than in the previous figures. The advantage is that the cutting tip extends over the edge of the main body 2 and so additionally protects it in the upper region. In the FIG. 6 is indicated that the cutting insert 3 in the direction of arrow a in the main body 2 can be pivoted, inserted or retracted. At the positive connection V, which is equipped analogous to the previously described embodiments, while the cutting insert 3 can move very nicely into the base body 2, which greatly facilitates the installation and subsequent replacement. In this case, a better protection of the body 2 is achieved in total, so that the service life for the body is further increased significantly. Otherwise, the reference numbers already presented are also used here, which is why a new idea can be dispensed with. The FIGS. 4a to 4c show a cutting insert 3, with two cutting tips, wherein the cutting insert 3 also has the wide web 50.

Also the FIGS. 5a to 5c show a cutting insert 3 which is, however, formed here with a compact cutting portion 34. Depending on the different tasks, these cutting inserts are equipped accordingly. Otherwise, the same reference numerals have been used as before, so that express reference can be made here.

The invention has been described above with reference to exemplary embodiments. The claims now filed later and with the application are attempts to formulate without prejudice to the attainment of further protection.

The references cited in the dependent claims indicate the further development of the subject matter of the main claim by the features of the respective subclaim. However, these are not to be understood as a waiver of obtaining independent, objective protection for the features of the dependent claims.

Features that have hitherto been disclosed only in the description may be claimed in the course of the method as of essential importance to the invention, for example to distinguish from the prior art.

Claims (15)

1. Mallet, particularly for comminuting devices having a rotor and/or at least one shaft on and/or to which the mallet (1) can be fixed, consisting of a main body (2) provided with a through bore (B), wherein the through bore (B) is provided to connect the mallet (1) to the rotor and/or shaft, and a cutting insert (3), which can be connected detachable/firmly to the main body (2) by at least one form-fit connection (V) and by at least one connecting means (4), the connecting means (4) exerts a force (P) in the direction of a symmetrical axis (A) of the connecting means (4), which pulls and/or pushes the cutting insert (3) into the form-fit connection (V) of the main body (2),
   wherein the force (P) results in a force (P1), which pulls and/or pushes the cutting insert (3) into the main body (2) at a decreasing angle (α) between 91 and 145° with regard to an axis (Y) of the mallet (1) extending parallelly to the resulting force (P1), and the symmetrical axis (A) of the connecting means (4) substantially parallel to the axis (Y),
   characterised in that
   between the main body (2) and the cutting insert (3) a crescent-shaped chamber (24) is provided, through which the connecting means (4) is passed through.
2. Mallet according to claim 1, characterised in that to make the form-fit connection (V), a contact projection (32) is provided on the cutting insert (3) and a connecting nub (23) is provided in the main body (2) and the contact projection (32) and connecting nub (23) have compatible shapes.
3. Mallet according to claim 2, characterised in that, together with a connecting recess (22) in the main body (2) and/or the side boundaries thereof, the connecting nub (23) forms a guide for swiveling in the cutting insert (3).
4. Mallet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the connecting means (4) is arranged in the mallet (1) according to the decreasing angle (α) towards the direction of cutting (S) and creates and/or causes the force (P) in the tightened state.
5. Mallet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the angle (α) is 105°.
6. Mallet according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the connecting means (4) is formed by a screw connection consisting of connecting holes (41, 42) provided in a mutually corresponding manner in the main body (2) and in the cutting insert (3), a screw (43), which is preferably designed as a machine bolt, and a nut (44), which is preferably supported by means of a washer (45) and possibly secured against unintentional loosening by means of a locking ring.
7. Mallet according to claim 6, characterised in that the connecting holes (41, 42) are designed to decrease conically counter to the direction of cutting (S).
8. Mallet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the main body (2), at its side pointing to the cutting insert (3), extends up to a defined distance (h) from a circle of rotation (F) defined by the blade tip (31) of the cutting insert (3), in order to form a support region (21) and/or a clearance (25) for the cutting insert (3).
9. Mallet according to claim 8, characterised in that the distance (h) from the circle of rotation (F) of the blade tip (31) of the cutting insert (3) and the main-body circle of rotation (G) is defined by its furthest point from the axis of rotation (R).
10. Mallet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a contact edge (33) is defined on the cutting insert (3) at the side pointing away from the direction of cutting (S) and defines the distance to the clearance (25) and thus the removal height of the material of the cutting insert.
11. Mallet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cutting insert (3) is supported over its entire width on and/or against the main body (2).
12. Mallet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cutting insert (3) is designed in such a way that it can be at least partially inserted into the main body (2), particularly by its part of the form-fit connection (V).
13. Mallet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the support region (21) in the main body (2) is provided in a connecting recess (22), which is delimited by webs (26, 27) at least at the sides.
14. Mallet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the main body (2) and cutting insert (3) and/or the ratio of the mass of the main body (2) to cutting insert (3) is between 1:2 and 1:5, preferably is 1:3.
15. Mallet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cutting insert (3) has a web (50) in the region in which the connecting means (4) is provided.

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