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EP2540145B1 - Source de haute tension continue et accélérateur de particules - Google Patents

Source de haute tension continue et accélérateur de particules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2540145B1
EP2540145B1 EP11703635.0A EP11703635A EP2540145B1 EP 2540145 B1 EP2540145 B1 EP 2540145B1 EP 11703635 A EP11703635 A EP 11703635A EP 2540145 B1 EP2540145 B1 EP 2540145B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrodes
voltage
voltage source
cascade
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EP11703635.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2540145A1 (fr
Inventor
Oliver Heid
Timothy Hughes
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H5/00—Direct voltage accelerators; Accelerators using single pulses
    • H05H5/04—Direct voltage accelerators; Accelerators using single pulses energised by electrostatic generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H5/00—Direct voltage accelerators; Accelerators using single pulses
    • H05H5/06—Multistage accelerators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a DC high voltage source and a particle accelerator with a capacitor stack of concentrically arranged electrodes.
  • particle accelerators in which charged particles are accelerated to high energies.
  • particle accelerators are also becoming increasingly important in medicine and for many industrial purposes.
  • linear accelerators and cyclotrons are used to produce a particle beam in the MV range, which are usually very complex and expensive equipment.
  • One form of known particle accelerators are so-called electrostatic particle accelerators with a DC high voltage source.
  • the particles to be accelerated are exposed to a static electric field.
  • Cascade accelerator also Cockcroft-Walton accelerator
  • Greinacher circuit which is repeatedly connected in series (cascaded)
  • generates a high DC voltage by multiplying and rectifying an AC voltage, thus providing a strong electric field.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a DC high voltage source that enables a particularly high achievable DC voltage in a compact design and at the same time an advantageous FeldschverBefit division around the high voltage electrode allows.
  • the invention is further based on the object to provide an accelerator for the acceleration of charged particles, which has a particularly high achievable particle energy in a compact design.
  • a switching device connects the electrodes of the capacitor stack-that is, the first electrode, the second electrode and the intermediate electrodes-and is designed such that, when the switching device is in operation, the electrodes of the capacitor stack arranged concentrically with one another are brought to increasing potential levels.
  • the electrodes of the capacitor stack are arranged such that the distance between the electrodes of the capacitor stack decreases towards the central electrode.
  • the invention is based on the idea of the most efficient, ie space-saving configuration of the high voltage source to enable and at the same time to provide an electrode assembly, which makes it possible to easily charge with favorable field strength distribution in the high voltage source.
  • the concentric arrangement allows a total of a compact design.
  • the high voltage electrode may be the central electrode in the concentric arrangement, while the outer electrode may be e.g. may be a ground electrode.
  • the outer electrode may be e.g. may be a ground electrode.
  • a plurality of concentric intermediate electrodes are brought to successively increasing potential levels.
  • the potential levels can be selected such that a substantially uniform field strength results inside the entire volume.
  • the inserted intermediate electrodes also increase the breakdown field strength limit, so that higher DC voltages can be generated than without intermediate electrodes. This is because the breakdown field strength in vacuum is approximately inversely proportional to the square root of the electrode distances.
  • the inserted / n intermediate electrode / n, with which the electric field in the interior of the DC voltage source is more uniform, at the same time contribute to an advantageous increase in the possible achievable field strength.
  • the decreasing distance between the electrodes and the center of the high-voltage source counteracts a uniform field strength distribution between the first and the second electrodes. Due to the decreasing distance, the electrodes near the center must in fact have a smaller potential difference in order to achieve a substantially constant field strength distribution around the high-voltage electrode. Lower potential differences, however, are easier to realize via the switching device interconnecting the electrodes when charging through the electrodes by the switching device. Losses when charging through the switching device can occur because the elements of the switching device itself are lossy, and the effect of increased potential levels amplified, can be intercepted by the decreasing electrode spacing.
  • the distances from electrode to electrode of the capacitor stack thus decrease towards the central electrode and can in particular be selected such that a substantially constant field strength is formed between adjacent electrodes.
  • This can e.g. mean that the field strength between a pair of electrodes differ by less than 30%, by less than 20%, in particular by less than 10% or most particularly by less than 5% from the field strength of adjacent electrode pairs, in particular in the unloaded case.
  • the electrical breakdown probability within the capacitor stack also remains essentially the same. If the relieved case ensures stable operation with a minimized probability of breakdown, it is generally also possible during operation of the DC high voltage cascade, e.g. in operation as a voltage source for a particle accelerator that ensures safe operation.
  • the switching device is advantageously designed such that the electrodes of the capacitor stack from the outside, in particular via the outermost electrode, are loadable by means of a pump AC voltage and thereby brought to the growing potential levels to the central electrode.
  • Such a DC high voltage source is e.g. is used to generate a beam of particles such as electrons, ions, elementary particles - or generally charged particles - can be achieved in a compact design, a particle energy in the MV range.
  • the switching device comprises a high-voltage cascade, in particular a Greinacher cascade or a Cockcroft-Walton cascade.
  • the electrodes of the capacitor stack that is to say the first electrode, the second electrode and the intermediate electrodes, can be charged to generate the DC voltage by means of a comparatively low alternating voltage.
  • the AC voltage may be applied to the outermost electrode.
  • This embodiment is based on the idea of high-voltage generation, as is made possible by a Greinacher rectifier cascade, for example.
  • the electric potential energy serves to convert kinetic energy of the particles by applying the high potential between the particle source and the end of the acceleration path.
  • the capacitor stack is divided into two separate capacitor chains through a gap extending through the electrodes.
  • the two capacitor chains can be advantageously used for the formation of a cascaded switching device such as a Greinacher or Cockcroft-Walton cascade.
  • Each capacitor chain thereby represents an arrangement of their part concentrically arranged (partial) electrodes.
  • the separation may be e.g. through a cut along the equator, which then leads to two hemisphere stacks.
  • the individual capacitors of the chains can be loaded in such a circuit respectively to the peak-to-peak voltage of the primary AC input voltage, which is used to charge the high voltage source, so that at constant shell thickness above potential equilibration, a uniform electric field distribution and thus an optimal Exploitation of the isolation distance is achieved in a simple manner.
  • the switching device which comprises a high-voltage cascade, connect the two separate capacitor chains with each other and in particular be arranged in the gap.
  • the input AC voltage for the high voltage cascade can be applied between the two outermost electrodes of the capacitor chains, since these are e.g. be accessible from the outside.
  • the diode strings of a rectifier circuit can then be mounted in the equatorial gap, thereby saving space.
  • the two capacitor strings represent the capacitive charge impedances of a pumping line voltage transmission line.
  • the capacitance between the two capacitor string stacks acts as a shunt impedance, and the waveguide is also split by AC and DC distribution Transformation of the same into charging and load direct current by means of the diodes - twice damped.
  • the alternating voltage amplitude therefore decreases towards the high-voltage electrode - and thus the DC voltage obtained per radial unit length.
  • the voltages between the inner electrodes and therewith the E field would be lower and the insulation distances less effectively utilized. This can be prevented by the decreasing electrode spacing.
  • the inner electrodes can also be exposed to a constantly high electric field strength. It can At the same time the dielectric strength of the diodes inside are reduced.
  • the electrodes of the capacitor stack may be shaped such that they lie on an ellipsoidal surface, in particular a spherical surface, or on a cylinder surface. These forms are physically cheap. Particularly favorable is the choice of the shape of the electrodes as in a hollow sphere or the ball capacitor. Similar shapes, e.g. in a cylinder are also possible, the latter, however, usually has a comparatively inhomogeneous electric field distribution.
  • the low inductance of the shell-like potential electrodes allows the use of high operating frequencies, so that the voltage drop remains limited at current consumption despite relatively small capacitance of the individual capacitors.
  • the central high voltage electrode may be embedded in a solid or liquid insulating material.
  • the intermediate electrodes can also be insulated from each other by vacuum.
  • the use of insulating materials has the disadvantage that the materials are subject to stress due to a direct electrical field for the application of internal charges - which are caused in particular by ionizing radiation during operation of the accelerator.
  • the accumulated, migrating charges cause in all physical insulators a strong inhomogeneous electric field strength, which then leads to the local crossing of the breakdown limit and thus formation of spark channels.
  • Isolation by high vacuum avoids such disadvantages.
  • the exploitable in stable operation electric field strength can be increased thereby.
  • the arrangement is thus essentially - except for a few components such as the suspension of the electrodes - free of insulator materials.
  • the charged particle accelerator according to the invention comprises a DC high voltage source according to the invention, wherein an acceleration channel is formed, which is formed by openings in the electrodes of the capacitor stack, so that particles charged by the acceleration channel can be accelerated.
  • the electric potential energy provided by the high voltage source is utilized to accelerate the charged particles.
  • the potential difference is applied between particle source and target.
  • the central high voltage electrode may include, for example, the particle source.
  • the use of vacuum to isolate the electrodes also has the advantage that no separate jet pipe must be provided, which in turn at least partially has an insulator surface. Again, it is avoided that critical problems of wall discharge would occur along the insulator surfaces, since the acceleration channel now does not have to have insulator surfaces.
  • an AC voltage U is applied.
  • the first half-wave charges the capacitor 15 to the voltage U via the diode 13.
  • the voltage U from the capacitor 13 is added to the voltage U at the input 11, so that the capacitor 17 is now charged via the diode 19 to the voltage 2U.
  • This process is repeated in the subsequent diodes and capacitors, so that in the in Fig. 1 shown circuit total at the output 21, the voltage 6U is achieved.
  • the Fig. 2 also clearly shows how each of the first set 23 of capacitors forms a first capacitor chain and the second set 25 of capacitors forms a second capacitor chain by means of the illustrated circuit.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic section through a high voltage source 31 with a central electrode 37, an outer electrode 39 and a series of intermediate electrodes 33, which by a high voltage cascade 35, the principle in Fig. 1 have been explained, are interconnected and can be loaded by this high voltage cascade 35.
  • the electrodes 39, 37, 33 are hollow-spherical and arranged concentrically with each other.
  • the maximum electric field strength that can be applied is proportional to the curvature of the electrodes. Therefore, a spherical shell geometry is particularly favorable.
  • the outermost electrode 39 may be a ground electrode.
  • the electrodes 37, 39, 33 are divided into two hemispherical stacks separated from each other by a gap.
  • the first hemisphere stack forms a first condenser chain 41
  • the second hemisphere stack forms a second condenser chain 43.
  • the voltage U of an AC voltage source 45 is applied to the outermost electrode shell halves 39 ', 39 "in each case form the cross connections between the two capacitor chains 41, 43, the two sets 23, 25 of capacitors Fig. 1 correspond.
  • an acceleration channel 51 which starts from a particle source 52, for example, located inside, and allows extraction of the particle flow, passes through the second condenser chain 43.
  • the particle flow of charged particles undergoes a high acceleration voltage from the hollow-sphere high-voltage electrode 37.
  • the high voltage source 31 and the particle accelerator have the advantage that the high voltage generator and the particle accelerator are integrated with each other, since then all electrodes and intermediate electrodes can be accommodated in the smallest possible volume.
  • the entire electrode assembly is isolated by vacuum insulation.
  • particularly high voltages of the high voltage electrode 37 can be generated, resulting in a particularly high particle energy result.
  • isolation of the high voltage electrode by means of solid or liquid insulation.
  • vacuum as an insulator and the use of an inter-electrode distance of the order of 1 cm make it possible to achieve electric field strengths of values above 20 MV / m.
  • the use of vacuum has the advantage that the accelerator must not be under stress during operation, since the radiation occurring during acceleration can lead to problems for insulator materials. This allows the construction of smaller and more compact machines.
  • Fig. 5 shows the development of the invention based on Fig. 2 explained principle of the high voltage source, in which the distance between the electrodes 39, 37, 33 decreases toward the center.
  • a substantially identical field strength still exists between adjacent electrode pairs.
  • a largely constant field strength along the acceleration channel 51 can be achieved.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further education in Fig. 2 shown high voltage source to the tandem accelerator 61.
  • the switching device 35 off Fig. 2 is not shown for clarity, but is in the in Fig. 3 identical high voltage source shown.
  • the principle of the tandem accelerator is explained.
  • An embodiment according to Fig. 5 with decreasing towards the center electrode spacing is also applicable. In Fig. 3 However, this is not shown because it is not necessary for the explanation of the basic principle of the tandem accelerator 61.
  • the first capacitor chain 41 also has an acceleration channel 53 which leads through the electrodes 33, 37, 39.
  • a carbon film 55 for charge stripping is disposed instead of the particle source. Then, negatively charged ions may be generated outside the high voltage source 61, accelerated along the acceleration channel 53 through the first capacitor chain 41 to the central high voltage electrode 37, converted into positively charged ions when passing through the carbon foil 55, and then through the acceleration channel 51 of the second Condenser chain 43 are further accelerated and exit from the high voltage source 31 again.
  • the outermost spherical shell 39 can remain largely closed and thus take over the function of a grounded housing.
  • the hemispherical shell immediately below can then be the capacity of an LC resonant circuit and part of the drive connection of the switching device.
  • Such a tandem accelerator uses negatively charged particles.
  • the negatively charged particles are accelerated by the first acceleration path 53 from the outer electrode 39 toward the central high-voltage electrode 37. at the central high voltage electrode 37, a charge conversion process takes place.
  • the resulting positively charged particles are further accelerated by the second acceleration path 51 from the high voltage electrode 37 to the outer electrode 39.
  • the charge conversion can also take place in such a way that multiply positively charged particles, such as, for example, C 4+, are formed, which are accelerated particularly strongly by the second acceleration section 51.
  • tandem accelerator is to generate a 1 mA proton beam with an energy of 20 MeV.
  • a continuous stream of particles from an H - particle source is introduced into the first acceleration section 53 and accelerated to the central +10 MV electrode.
  • the particle hit a carbon charge stripper, removing both electrons from the protons.
  • the load current of the Greinach cascade is therefore twice as large as the current of the particle beam.
  • the protons gain another 10 MeV of energy as they exit the accelerator through the second acceleration section 53.
  • N 50 stages, ie, a total of 100 diodes and capacitors.
  • the outer radius is 0.55 m. In each hemisphere find 50 spaces at a distance of 1 cm between adjacent spherical shells.
  • a smaller number of stages reduces the number of charge cycles and the effective internal source impedance, but increases the pump charge voltage requirements.
  • the diodes arranged in the equatorial gap, which connect the two hemispherical stacks together, may be e.g. be arranged in a spiral pattern.
  • the total capacity can be 74 pF according to equation (3.4) and the stored energy 3.7 kJ.
  • a charging current of 2 mA requires an operating frequency of approximately 100 kHz.
  • foils are used for charge stripping, foils with a film thickness of t ⁇ 15 ... 30 ⁇ g / cm 2 can be used. This thickness represents a good compromise between particle transparency and effectiveness of the charge stripping.
  • Vapor deposited films have a value of kfoil ⁇ 1.1 C / Vm 2 .
  • Carbon films produced by decomposition of ethylene by means of glow discharge have a thickness-dependent lifetime constant of kfoil ⁇ (0.44 t - 0.60) C / Vm 2 , the thickness being given in ⁇ g / cm 2 .
  • a lifetime of 10 to 50 days can be expected. Longer lifetimes can be achieved by increasing the area effectively radiated, e.g. by scanning a rotating disk or a film having a linear band structure.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates an electrode mold in which hollow cylindrical electrodes 33, 37, 39 are arranged concentrically to one another. Through a gap, the electrode stack in split two separate capacitor chains, which with an analogous to Fig. 2 constructed switching device can be interconnected.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the diodes of the switching device shown.
  • the concentrically arranged, hemispherical shell-like electrodes 39, 37, 33 are shown only for the sake of clarity.
  • the diodes are shown here as electron tubes 63 having a cathode 65 and an opposing anode 67. Since the switching device is disposed in the vacuum insulation, the vacuum tube of the electron tubes that would otherwise be required to operate the electrons is eliminated.
  • the arrangement follows the in Fig. 1 shown principle, to arrange the high voltage electrode inside the accelerator and the concentric ground electrode on the outside of the accelerator.
  • the field strength distribution is linearly adjusted over the radius, since for thin-walled hollow spheres the electric field strength is approximately equal to the flat case e ⁇ U R - r , with minimum maximum field strength.
  • Modern avalanche semiconductor diodes (“soft avalanche semiconductor diodes”) have very low parasitic capacitances and have short recovery times.
  • a series circuit does not need resistors for potential equilibration.
  • the operating frequency can be set comparatively high in order to use the relatively small interelectrode capacitances of the two Greinacher capacitor stacks.
  • a voltage of U in ⁇ 100kV, ie 70 kV rms can be used.
  • the diodes must withstand voltages of 200 kV. This can be achieved by using chains of diodes with a lower tolerance. For example, ten 20 kV diodes can be used.
  • Diodes can be, for example, diodes from the company Philips with the designation BY724, diodes from the company EDAL with the designation BR757-200A or diodes from the company Fuji with the designation ESJA5320A.
  • the chain of diodes may be formed by a plurality of mesh-like electrodes of the electron tubes connected to the hemispherical shells. Each electrode acts on the one hand as a cathode, on the other hand as an anode.
  • the central idea is to cut the concentric successively arranged electrodes on an equatorial plane.
  • the two resulting electrode stacks represent the cascade capacitors. It is only necessary to connect the string of diodes to opposite electrodes across the cutting plane. It should be noted that the rectifier automatically stabilizes the potential differences of the successively arranged electrodes to about 2 U in , suggesting constant electrode spacings.
  • the drive voltage is applied between the two outer hemispheres.
  • the rectifier diodes In Greinacher cascades, the rectifier diodes essentially pick up the AC voltage, turn it into DC voltage and accumulate it to a high DC output voltage.
  • the AC voltage is conducted from the two capacitor columns to the high voltage electrode and attenuated by the rectifier currents and stray capacitances between the two columns.
  • this discrete structure can be approximated by a continuous transmission line structure.
  • the capacitor structure represents a longitudinal impedance with a length-specific impedance 3. Stray capacitances between the two columns result in a length-specific shunt admittance one.
  • the voltage stacking of the rectifier diodes causes an additional specific current load J, which is proportional to the DC load current I out and the density of the taps along the transmission line.
  • the optimal electrode spacing ensures a constant DC electric field strength 2 E at the planned DC load current.
  • the AC voltage along the transmission line and hence the DC output voltage is regulated by the G1. (3.27).
  • the diodes essentially tap the AC voltage, direct it and accumulate it along the transmission line.
  • the load-current-related effects correspond to G1. (3.12) and (3.13).
  • a compact machine needs to maximize the electric breakdown field strength.
  • smooth surfaces with low curvature should be chosen for the capacitor electrodes.
  • the breakdown electric field E scales roughly with the inverse square root of the interelectrode distance, so that a large number of closely spaced equipotential surfaces with lower voltage differences than a few large distances with large voltage differences are preferable.
  • the electrode shape is in Fig. 8 shown.
  • the parameter 0 ⁇ A ⁇ 1 also represents the inverse E field peak due to the presence of the electrodes.
  • the thickness of the electrodes can be arbitrarily small without introducing noticeable E field distortions.
  • a negative curvature, z At the orifices along the beam path, further reduce the E-field amplitude.
  • the optimum shape for freestanding high voltage electrodes are ROGOWSKI and BORDA profiles, with a peak in the E-field amplitude of twice the undistorted field strength.
  • the drive voltage generator must provide high AC voltage at high frequency.
  • the usual approach is to boost an average AC voltage through a high isolation output transformer.
  • An alternative may be a charge pump, ie a periodically operated semiconductor Marx generator.
  • a charge pump ie a periodically operated semiconductor Marx generator.
  • Such a circuit provides an output voltage with a change between ground and a high voltage of a single polarity, and efficiently charges the first capacitor of the capacitor chain.
  • the dielectric SCHWAIGER efficiency factor ⁇ is defined as the inverse of the local E field peak due to field inhomogeneities, i. the ratio of the E field of an ideal flat electrode array and the peak surface E field of the geometry, considering equal reference voltages and spacings.
  • the front sides are flat.
  • An electrode surface represents an equipotential line of the electric field analogous to a free surface of a flowing liquid.
  • a stress-free electrode follows the flow field line.
  • every analytic function w (z) satisfies the POISSON equation.
  • the size of the derivative on the electrode surface can be normalized to one, and the height DE can be referred to as A in comparison to AF (see Fig. 6 ).
  • the curve CD then maps to arc i ⁇ 1 on the unit circle.
  • Fig. 8 A and F 1 / A, B correspond to the origin, C i, D and E correspond to 1.
  • the complete flow pattern is mapped in the first quadrant of the unit circle.
  • the source of the streamlines is 1 / A, that of the sink 1.
  • the potential function ⁇ is thus defined by four sources on ⁇ positions + A, -A, 1 / A, -1 / A and two sinks of magnitude 2 to ⁇ 1.
  • w log ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - A + log ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + A + log ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - 1 A + log ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + 1 A - 2 ⁇ log ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - 1 - 2 ⁇ log ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + 1 ,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Source de haute tension continue (81) pour fournir une tension continue, comprenant :
    un empilage de condensateurs
    - avec une première électrode (37) pouvant être portée à un premier potentiel,
    - avec une deuxième électrode (39) disposée de façon concentrique à la première électrode et pouvant être portée à un deuxième potentiel différent du premier potentiel,
    - avec plusieurs électrodes intermédiaires (33) disposées de façon concentrique les unes aux autres, qui sont disposées de façon concentrique entre la première électrode (37) et la deuxième électrode (39) et qui peuvent être portées à une succession de niveaux de potentiel croissants situés entre le premier et le deuxième potentiel,
    un dispositif de commutation (35) auquel sont reliées les électrodes (33, 37, 39) de l'empilage de condensateurs et qui est conçu de telle sorte que, lorsque le dispositif de commutation (35) est en fonctionnement, les électrodes (33, 37, 39) de l'empilage de condensateurs, disposées de façon concentrique les unes aux autres, puissent être portées auxdits niveaux de potentiel croissants, caractérisée en ce que
    l'espacement des électrodes (33, 37, 39) de l'empilage de condensateurs diminue en direction de l'électrode centrale (37).
  2. Source de haute tension continue (81) selon la revendication 1,
    le dispositif de commutation (35) étant conçu de telle sorte que les électrodes (33, 37, 39) de l'empilage de condensateurs puissent être chargées de l'extérieur, en particulier à travers l'électrode la plus extérieure (39), à l'aide d'une tension alternative de pompage et puissent ainsi être portées auxdits niveaux de potentiel croissants.
  3. Source de haute tension continue (81) selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    l'espacement des électrodes (33, 37, 39) de l'empilage de condensateurs diminuant en direction de l'électrode centrale (37) étant choisi de telle façon qu'une intensité de champ sensiblement constante se forme entre électrodes adjacentes.
  4. Source de haute tension continue (81) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    le dispositif de commutation comprenant une cascade haute tension (35), en particulier une cascade de Greinacher ou une cascade de Cockcroft-Walton.
  5. Source de haute tension continue (81) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    l'empilage de condensateurs étant divisé, par un interstice (47) traversant les électrodes (33, 37, 39), en deux chaînes de condensateurs (41, 43) séparées l'une de l'autre.
  6. Source de haute tension continue (81) selon la revendication 5,
    le dispositif de commutation comprenant une cascade haute tension (35), qui relie les chaînes de condensateurs (41, 43) séparées l'une de l'autre et qui est en particulier agencée dans l'interstice (47).
  7. Source de haute tension continue (81) selon la revendication 6,
    la cascade haute tension (35) étant une cascade de Greinacher ou une cascade de Cockcroft-Walton.
  8. Source de haute tension continue (81) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    le dispositif de commutation (35) comprenant des diodes (49).
  9. Source de haute tension continue (81) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    les électrodes (33, 37, 39) de l'empilage de condensateurs ayant une forme telle qu'elles reposent sur une surface ellipsoïdale, en particulier une surface sphérique, ou sur une surface cylindrique.
  10. Source de haute tension continue selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    l'électrode centrale (37) étant noyée dans une matière isolante solide ou liquide.
  11. Source de haute tension continue (81) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    l'électrode centrale (37) étant isolée par une isolation sous vide poussé.
  12. Accélérateur pour accélérer des particules chargées, doté d'une source de haute tension continue (81) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel est prévu un canal d'accélération (51) formé par les ouvertures dans les électrodes (33, 37, 39) de l'empilage de condensateurs, le canal d'accélération (51) permettant ainsi d'accélérer les particules chargées.
  13. Accélérateur selon la revendication 12,
    la source de particules (52) étant disposée à l'intérieur de l'électrode centrale (37).
EP11703635.0A 2010-02-24 2011-02-02 Source de haute tension continue et accélérateur de particules Not-in-force EP2540145B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010008992A DE102010008992A1 (de) 2010-02-24 2010-02-24 Gleichspannungs-Hochspannungsquelle und Teilchenbeschleuniger
PCT/EP2011/051463 WO2011104078A1 (fr) 2010-02-24 2011-02-02 Source de haute tension continue et accélérateur de particules

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EP2540145A1 EP2540145A1 (fr) 2013-01-02
EP2540145B1 true EP2540145B1 (fr) 2014-06-18

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US (1) US8629633B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2540145B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5507710B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102771195B (fr)
BR (1) BR112012021441A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2790798C (fr)
DE (1) DE102010008992A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2551364C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011104078A1 (fr)

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DE102009023305B4 (de) * 2009-05-29 2019-05-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kaskadenbeschleuniger
DE102010042517A1 (de) 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verbessertes SPECT-Verfahren
US9655227B2 (en) * 2014-06-13 2017-05-16 Jefferson Science Associates, Llc Slot-coupled CW standing wave accelerating cavity
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JP5507710B2 (ja) 2014-05-28
CN102771195A (zh) 2012-11-07
US8629633B2 (en) 2014-01-14
US20120319624A1 (en) 2012-12-20
CA2790798C (fr) 2017-06-20
DE102010008992A1 (de) 2011-08-25
EP2540145A1 (fr) 2013-01-02
CA2790798A1 (fr) 2011-09-01
BR112012021441A2 (pt) 2016-05-31
CN102771195B (zh) 2015-02-11
JP2013520774A (ja) 2013-06-06
RU2551364C2 (ru) 2015-05-20
WO2011104078A1 (fr) 2011-09-01
RU2012140307A (ru) 2014-03-27

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