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EP2459815B1 - Covering comprising panels that can be connected to each other mechanically - Google Patents

Covering comprising panels that can be connected to each other mechanically Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2459815B1
EP2459815B1 EP10744855.7A EP10744855A EP2459815B1 EP 2459815 B1 EP2459815 B1 EP 2459815B1 EP 10744855 A EP10744855 A EP 10744855A EP 2459815 B1 EP2459815 B1 EP 2459815B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
groove
panels
locking
covering according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10744855.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2459815A1 (en
Inventor
Guido Schulte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PL10744855T priority Critical patent/PL2459815T3/en
Publication of EP2459815A1 publication Critical patent/EP2459815A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2459815B1 publication Critical patent/EP2459815B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00Flooring
    • E04F15/02Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0107Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges
    • E04F2201/0115Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges with snap action of the edge connectors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0153Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • E04F2201/0541Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape adapted to be moved along the joint edge
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49815Disassembling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a covering of mechanically interconnectable panels as well as a laying and a dismantling method for such a covering.
  • Wall, ceiling and floor coverings such as prefinished parquet, real wood floors or laminate flooring, consist of several rows of predominantly rectangular panels in their configuration.
  • the panels have on a longitudinal side and on a head side continuous grooves and on the respective opposite longitudinal side or head side continuous springs, which are adapted to the grooves form-fitting manner.
  • tongue and groove By connecting tongue and groove the panels are laid, the panels of the second adjacent rows are offset from one another.
  • mechanical locking means on the grooves and springs which engage with one another in a floor covering adjacent panels in latching engagement. This is to a joint formation in the laid floor covering by stretching or shrinking operations be avoided.
  • Adjacent to the tongue and groove of the panels are mating locking elements in the form of recesses, recesses or projections to hold bonded floor panels in the assembled position glueless.
  • the panels are rotated along their longitudinal sides into each other or clicked and then moved laterally, so that locking strips on the head sides engage.
  • light hammer blows can be applied from the opposite side of the head with the aid of an impact pad. There is a risk that damage to the floor panels may occur even during the most careful work.
  • a floor panel which comprises coupling parts on at least two opposite sides, with which two such coupling panels can be coupled to one another.
  • a so-called insert can be used, which projects in combination of two panels at least partially under a projection of another panel and has a back part with an elastically movable blocking body. This is connected by means of a hinge part directly or indirectly with the back part.
  • the blocking body forms a stop-forming locking part which engages in a V-shaped groove on the other panel.
  • the WO 2007/081267 A1 discloses a covering of mechanically interconnectable panels, wherein adjacent first and second panels each have a groove on their mutually complementary sides.
  • a relative to the panel relatively displaceable spring is arranged, which is adapted to engage in the connection of the adjacent panels in the groove of the adjacent panel.
  • the spring-holding panel has a locking strip engaging under the adjacent panel.
  • the locking bar is geeigente to secure adjacent panels against tensile stress in a laying plane, wherein the attacked by the locking bar panel is supported on both the locking bar and on a support bar.
  • the support strip is arranged at a greater distance from the locking bar than the groove.
  • This game is preferably as small as possible so that it does not come to a height offset in the area of the butt joint of two panels. Due to the principle, however, a particular game can not be avoided.
  • the invention has for its object to show a covering of mechanically interconnectable panels, in which the height offset in the area of the butt joint is minimal and which is designed so that it can be easily moved and resumed.
  • the panels of the invention are intended and adapted to be mechanically connected to other similar panels.
  • the connection is made via arranged on the complementary sides of the panels connecting elements in the form of tongue and groove joints.
  • the complementary sides can be head sides and / or long sides of the panels.
  • a relative to the panel relatively displaceable spring is arranged, which is adapted to engage in connecting the adjacent panels in a groove of the adjacent panel.
  • the latching or connection of the panels preferably takes place only when another panel engages with its longitudinal side with the longitudinal sides of the preceding row of panels while pushing with its longitudinal side protruding from the groove end of the spring in the groove, so that this shifting causing a head-side locking of the mutually complementary head sides of the adjacent panels.
  • the panel originally holding the spring has a locking strip which engages under the adjacent panel and which is suitable for securing adjacent panels against tensile stress in a laying plane.
  • the locking strips thus serve to couple the panels in the laying plane, while the springs are intended to prevent the panels from shifting relative to one another in the vertical direction. Since the locking strip which engages under the adjacent panel, is arranged at a relatively large distance from the top of the panels, it is additionally provided that the attacked by the locking bar panel is primarily supported on a support strip. This is arranged at a greater distance from the locking bar than the groove. In other words, the groove is between the support bar and the locking bar.
  • the support bar has the function of reducing the distance of the support point from the top of the panels, which is particularly advantageous for very thin-walled and softer materials. Due to the proximity of the support bar to the top of the panels will be close to points a vertical joint attacking vertical forces acting on the underride panel, introduced in a shorter way in the adjacent, underarching panel than is possible via the lower locking bar. Due to the support in the immediate vicinity of the point of force application, the height offset between two panels in the load case is much lower.
  • the support bar can take in the same or the same groove in which the spring is displaced.
  • the groove is correspondingly wider than the spring provided for locking.
  • the distance of the support bar from the top of the panel is preferably 10% to 35% of a total thickness of the panel.
  • the support strip can therefore preferably be arranged no more than 3 mm to 5 mm apart from the top of the panel.
  • the actual distance depends largely on the thickness of the decorative layer of the panel.
  • the panel itself may have a relatively small thickness of 8 mm to 10 mm.
  • the support strip can be arranged directly adjacent to the groove.
  • a lower edge of the support bar may even be part of an upper groove cheek of the groove.
  • the height range of the panel, which extends above the support ledge to the top is set back slightly in relation to the groove mouth. This also makes the desired support strip is formed.
  • the support strip is pre-displaced as a narrow web opposite the Nutmündung with the result that a lower groove cheek of the groove is shorter than the upper groove cheek of the groove.
  • a depression is arranged on one side of the panel adjacent to the upper side of the support strip.
  • the recess does not relate to the already projecting support strip, but on those height range of the panel, which is above the depression to the top of the panel followed.
  • Such a recess makes it easier to manufacture the support edge in the corner without disturbing rounding or bevel, which would reduce the support area.
  • the corner area is moved into the panel, so to speak, so that the projecting area of the support bar is completely available as a support for support. This is important as the support bar should not be made larger than necessary. Under certain circumstances, even a projection of less than 1 mm is sufficient, preferably of the order of 0.5 mm.
  • the width of the groove into which the spring is to be displaced at the narrowest point may be greater than 1.1 times the width of the spring.
  • the support strip has a thickness that corresponds to at least about 10% of the thickness of the spring.
  • the spring adjacent the support bar is supported in the locking position of the spring directly from the top of the spring, which in turn rests against the lower groove cheek of the respective grooves and thereby initiates the attacking forces in the lower half of the panel and thus in the ground.
  • support strips relatively small thickness can be used without the risk that the support bar breaks off.
  • this also means that other design options exist with regard to the locking strips, since the vertically acting forces are now introduced into the support strip and only conditionally into the locking strip.
  • the underride panel is supported primarily on the support bar, while the locking bar primarily serves to bind the panels in the horizontal direction to each other. For this purpose, an oblique surface is provided on the locking bar.
  • a force acting here can be divided into a horizontal and a vertical force vector.
  • the horizontal force vector determines the force with which the panels are pressed together in the horizontal direction.
  • a smaller, vertical force vector is present, since the panels must be folded down with a certain minimum effort. Pushes the folded down panel onto the beveled surface, slides it on the inclined surface in the correct position.
  • the inclined surface is preferably convex. In one embodiment of the convex oblique surface, two or more convex portions having different radii merge into each other. In the contact region, that is in the installed position, the angle to the horizontal is ⁇ 90 °, preferably ⁇ 60 °, in particular ⁇ 55 °.
  • This extension may consist of a slope or in a convex curve, which is for example elliptical.
  • the purpose of such, on the mouth side widening groove cheek is that the spring must be displaced with increasing depth of penetration into the groove from the lower groove cheek toward the upper groove cheek. The displacement is, however, inhibited by the fact that the spring against the underside of the support strip, which at least partially forms the upper groove cheek, is urged. The underside of the spring runs so to speak on the ramp-shaped or wedge-shaped inclined surface of the lower groove cheek and thereby pulls the underride panel down against the support bar.
  • the spring Due to the emergence of the spring on the wedge-shaped inclined surface of the lower groove cheek, the spring is twisted in the direction of the upper groove cheek, so that it is easily wedged between the grooves and thus subjected to a bending stress.
  • the spring preferably consists of a rigid material to absorb the bending stresses occurring.
  • the spring is biased so that it pushes horizontally in the mounting position in the complementary groove. As a result, the panels are automatically pulled in height against each other.
  • the assembly of the panels according to the invention is particularly simple if a front tip of the lower groove cheek can be passed without jamming at the front edge of the support strip.
  • the lower height range of the panel which is located in the installed position below the groove and above the locking bar, compared to the upper height range, which is located above the support bar, slightly set back, the dimensioning of the support strip determines how far the Kuppelwulst should be set back.
  • the tip is located the lower groove cheek and thus the dome bulge in the same vertical plane as the front edge of the support strip.
  • the panel according to the invention it is possible to optimize floor coverings in their connection area in terms of height adjustment, even if relatively thin panels, especially in the laminate area, are used.
  • the material for the spring may be both a wood material, that is, it may be wood or a material containing wood fibers, or a material made of wood as a base material, such as liquid wood.
  • Metal and metal alloys are also suitable for the springs as well as composites.
  • the use of bimetallic or mixed plastics is just as possible as the use of materials based on thermoplastic or duoplastic plastics.
  • the spring can also consist of a fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • the concept of the invention is applicable to all floor systems in which an upper covering is arranged on a carrier, such as real wood coverings, laminate, support with painted surfaces as a top covering, linoleum, cork on support plates, etc.
  • the cover layer can in particular consist of a decorative paper with overlay, which determines the appearance of the element plate.
  • a floor covering may thus be a parquet floor, a finished parquet floor, a real wood floor or a laminate floor.
  • Variation a relates to a nearly exclusive horizontal displacement in the laying plane, which corresponds to a certain extent the known horizontal impact, but with the difference that no increased effort is necessary because the panel to be laid simply slides over the locking bar of the previously installed panel.
  • Variation b relates to the pivoting about a certain pivot point, which is defined by the decorative edge, that is, by the top edges of the panels.
  • Variant c) detects the pinch-free depositing or bending, for example in the head area of two panels.
  • the lock, that is Move the spring is then through a third panel, which is in operative connection with the spring.
  • the installer has the choice between horizontal insertion, pivoting, dropping and bending. All laying methods are possible with one and the same configuration on the front, which considerably simplifies installation not only for laymen.
  • Claim 18 relates to a disassembly method for a covering with the features described above. It is essential that when extended, extending in both grooves spring that panel which is attacked by the locking bar to an upper edge, which adjoins the panel with the locking bar, can be pivoted and thus removal even when the spring is extended , Basically, this removal corresponds to the reverse procedure to variant b) of the laying method described above.
  • FIG. 1a shows a cross section through two panels 1, 2. This may be a longitudinal or head-side cross-section of the panels 1, 2 act.
  • FIG. 1 Here a shows two adjacent panels 1, 2 before the procedure.
  • the illustration on the left shows a first panel 1 and on the right a second panel 2, which is intended to be connected to the first panel 1.
  • the first panel 1 has a locking strip 3 and the second panel 2 has a downwardly open dome channel 4 and a subsequent downwardly directed end Kuppelwulst 5.
  • the locking bar 3 of the first panel 1 is opposite a head side, in this embodiment only referred to as page 6, before.
  • Panel 2 is arranged relative to panel 1, that when lowering in the direction of arrow P Kuppelwulst 5 of the second panel 2 with the dome channel 7 of the locking bar 3 and the dome channel 4 of the second panel 2 with the dome bead 8 of the locking bar 3 engage.
  • a tip 26 of the dome bead 5 of the second panel slides along a front edge of the bearing strip 10 projecting from the side 10 of the first panel 1 until an upper groove cheek 27 of the groove 17 of the second panel 2 is placed on a top side 24 of the support ledge 11 of the first panel 1 rests and the side 6 of the second panel 2 rests against the side 10 of the first panel 1.
  • a contact region 9 is formed between the dome channel 4 of the second panel 2 and the dome bulge 8 of the locking bar 3 of the first panel 1.
  • the second panel 2 engages with the first panel 1 in such a way that the second panel 2 is under pretension and is moved over the contact area 9 (FIG. FIG. 1b ) between the dome channel 4 and the dome 8 is pressed with its side 6 against the side 10.
  • the spring 16 is still arranged in this position in the groove 17.
  • This spring passes out of the groove 12 in the groove 17 and locks the panels 1, 2 together
  • the second panel 2 is located on a support bar 11 above a groove 12.
  • the support strip 11 is thus located at a smaller distance from the top 13 of the right panel 2 as the locking bar 3, on the Panel 2 is usually supported in the vertical direction. Due to the smaller distance of the support strip 11 to the top 13 tighter tolerances can be met, so that with this solution, any height offset between the panels 1, 2 can be minimized.
  • the support strip 11 directly adjoins the groove 12, so that its lower edge 14 is a component of an upper groove cheek 15 of the groove 12.
  • the support strip 11 thus extends together with the already displaced from the first panel 1 in the second panel 2 spring 16 in the corresponding groove 17 in the right panel 2.
  • the groove width of the groove 17 is correspondingly larger than the thickness measured in the vertical direction of the spring sixteenth
  • the groove 17 in the right panel 2 not only has a larger groove width, but also a lower groove cheek 18, which is convexly curved in contrast to the lower groove cheek 23 of the left groove 12, so that the groove 17th expanded on the mouth side.
  • the curvature of the groove cheek 18 is elliptical, so that the spring 16 runs during displacement in the direction of the arrow P1 on the groove cheek 18 and slightly tilted in this case with respect to the groove 12 and the groove 17.
  • the upper side 19 of the spring 16 is pressed from below against the upper groove cheek 15 in the region of the support strip 11, so that the spring 16 via the contact region K with the lower groove cheek 18, the right panel 2 deeper down into the dome channel 7 of the first panel pulls or the right panel 2 down against the top 24 of the support strip 11 of the first panel 1 presses.
  • a convex oblique surface of the coupling bead 8 is formed by two convex sections with different radii R1, R2 merging into one another.
  • the angle between the inclined surface and the horizontal is about 60 °. Due to the angle of the inclined surface, a later release of the connection, that is lifting the panel can be facilitated.
  • the spring 16 can accumulate better on the groove cheek 18 of the groove 17, a front lower corner of the spring 16 is provided with a chamfer 20.
  • a chamfer 21 can also be seen in the region of the upper groove cheek of the right in the image plane 17. This chamfer 21 and a recess 22 in the opposite side 6 of the first panel 1 allow any contamination can not lead to a vertical offset between the panels 1, 2 and can be moved into the recess 22.
  • the panels 1, 2 touch only at certain support and holding points.
  • the locking strip 3 and the dome 5 touch in this embodiment, only in the above-described contact area 9.
  • the remaining space between the locking bar 3 and the Kuppelwulst 5 are so small column that with an extreme vertical load and a touch can not be excluded due to the limited elasticity of the materials. Due to the free space also manufacturing tolerances can be compensated.
  • a vertical plane V drawn with a broken line runs in the plane of a front edge 25 of the support strip 11.
  • an outermost tip 26 the Kuppelwulstes 5 and the lower groove cheek 18 does not extend beyond this vertical plane V in the direction of the adjacent panel 1.
  • the tip 26 is located in the image plane rather to the right than to the left of the vertical plane V, so that when swinging down the right in the image plane panel 2 on the left panel 1 of the dome 5 and the top 26 of the Kuppelwulstes 5 at the front edge 25 of the support strip 11 can be passed.
  • the tip 26 of the dome bulge 5 it is also theoretically possible for the tip 26 of the dome bulge 5 to lie somewhat to the left of the vertical plane V in the locking position, which can be achieved by sliding the "upper" panel 2 in the contact region 9 of the locking strip 3 and thereby moving in the image plane shifted to the left.
  • this always presupposes that the end faces 6, 10) of the panels are initially arranged at a distance from each other, which then decreases when locking.
  • the force required to lower the panel 2 force due to the resulting friction forces slightly higher than when the tip 26 can be smoothly passed past the front edge 25 of the support bar 11.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a further possibility of how the panels 1, 2 can be engaged with each other.
  • the left panel 1 is already laid.
  • the right panel 2 is at an angle to the laying plane, ie brought at an angle to the laid panel 1 to this panel 1 until the panels 1, 2 touch in the region of their tops at the edges.
  • This contact point or this contact line defines the pivot point D, or the axis of rotation, which coincides with the decorative edge.
  • the right panel 2 is pivoted about the pivot point D down ( FIG. 3 ), wherein the Kuppelwulst 5 of the right panel 2 is introduced past the dome bulge 8 of the locking bar 3 in the dome channel 7 of the locking bar 3.
  • the dome bulge 8 of the locking strip 3 slides into the dome channel 4 of the other panel 2 until the panels 1, 2 are supported in the contact region 9.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates that the right panel 2 not only laid in this way, but also can be raised again, which is possible even with extended spring 16, as in Figure 1c is shown.
  • the variant according to FIG. 4 shows the horizontal insertion of the right panel 2 in the left, already laid panel 1.
  • the panels 1, 2 remain substantially parallel to each other.
  • the Kuppelwulst 5 of the right panel 2 is slightly raised and introduced past the dome bulge 8 of the locking bar 3 in the dome channel 7 of the locking bar 3.
  • the dome bulge 8 of the locking bar 3 slides into the dome channel 4 of the other panel 2 until the panels 1, 2 are supported in the contact area 9.
  • the spring 16 is displaced. The spring 16 thus does not interfere with the horizontal insertion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Belag aus mechanisch miteinander verbindbaren Paneelen sowie ein Verlege- und ein Demontageverfahren für einen solchen Belag.The invention relates to a covering of mechanically interconnectable panels as well as a laying and a dismantling method for such a covering.

Wand-, Decken- und Bodenbeläge, wie zum Beispiel Fertigparkett, Echtholzböden oder Laminatfußböden, bestehen aus mehreren Reihen von in ihrer Konfiguration vorwiegend rechteckigen Paneelen. Konventionell besitzen die Paneele auf einer Längsseite und auf einer Kopfseite durchgehende Nuten und auf der jeweils gegenüberliegenden Längsseite bzw. Kopfseite durchgehende Federn, die an die Nuten formschlüssig angepasst sind. Durch die Verbindung von Nut und Feder werden die Paneele verlegt, wobei die Paneele zweiter benachbarter Reihen versetzt zueinander angeordnet werden. Es ist bekannt, an den Nuten und Federn mechanische Verriegelungsmittel auszubilden, welche bei in einem Fußbodenbelag benachbarten Paneelen miteinander in rastenden Eingriff gelangen. Hierdurch soll eine Fugenbildung im verlegten Fußbodenbelag durch Dehnungs- oder Schrumpfungsvorgänge vermieden werden. An die Nut und Feder der Paneele sind aneinander angepasste Verriegelungselemente in Form von Vertiefungen, Ausnehmungen oder Vorsprüngen ausgebildet, um verbundene Fußbodenpaneele in der zusammengefügten Lage leimlos zu halten. In der Regel werden die Paneele entlang ihrer Längsseiten ineinander gedreht oder geklickt und anschließend seitlich verschoben, so dass Verriegelungsleisten an den Kopfseiten in Eingriff gelangen. Um dieses zu erleichtern, können von der gegenüberliegenden Kopfseite her leichte Hammerschläge unter Zuhilfenahme eines Schlagklotzes angewandt werden. Hierbei besteht die Gefahr, dass es selbst bei sorgfältigstem Arbeiten zu Schäden an den Fußbodenpaneelen kommen kann.Wall, ceiling and floor coverings, such as prefinished parquet, real wood floors or laminate flooring, consist of several rows of predominantly rectangular panels in their configuration. Conventionally, the panels have on a longitudinal side and on a head side continuous grooves and on the respective opposite longitudinal side or head side continuous springs, which are adapted to the grooves form-fitting manner. By connecting tongue and groove the panels are laid, the panels of the second adjacent rows are offset from one another. It is known to form mechanical locking means on the grooves and springs, which engage with one another in a floor covering adjacent panels in latching engagement. This is to a joint formation in the laid floor covering by stretching or shrinking operations be avoided. Adjacent to the tongue and groove of the panels are mating locking elements in the form of recesses, recesses or projections to hold bonded floor panels in the assembled position glueless. In general, the panels are rotated along their longitudinal sides into each other or clicked and then moved laterally, so that locking strips on the head sides engage. In order to facilitate this, light hammer blows can be applied from the opposite side of the head with the aid of an impact pad. There is a risk that damage to the floor panels may occur even during the most careful work.

Zum Stand der Technik ist die DE 20 2009 004 530 U1 zu nennen. Es wird ein Fußbodenpaneel beschrieben, das an mindestens zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten Kupplungsteile umfasst, womit zwei derartige Kupplungspaneele aneinander gekoppelt werden können. Zum Verbinden kann ein sogenanntes Einsatzstück verwendet werden, das in Kombination zweier Paneele zumindest teilweise unter einen Vorsprung eines anderen Paneels ragt und einen Rückenteil besitzt mit einem elastisch bewegbaren Blockierkörper. Dieser ist mittels eines Scharnierteils direkt oder indirekt mit dem Rückenteil verbunden. Der Blockierkörper bildet ein Anschlag bildendes Verriegelungsteil, das in eine V-förmige Nut am anderen Paneel fasst.The state of the art is the DE 20 2009 004 530 U1 to call. A floor panel is described which comprises coupling parts on at least two opposite sides, with which two such coupling panels can be coupled to one another. For connecting a so-called insert can be used, which projects in combination of two panels at least partially under a projection of another panel and has a back part with an elastically movable blocking body. This is connected by means of a hinge part directly or indirectly with the back part. The blocking body forms a stop-forming locking part which engages in a V-shaped groove on the other panel.

Aus der EP 2 037 128 A1 ist eine ähnliche Einrichtungsverbindung und Verriegelung zweier Bauteile bekannt, bei der ein abknickbares Verriegelungselement vorgesehen ist. Auch dieses Verriegelungselement kann beim Anlegen eines weiteren Paneels in eine V-förmige Nut schnappen und die beiden Paneele miteinander verbinden.From the EP 2 037 128 A1 a similar device connection and locking two components is known in which a kinkickbares locking element is provided. Also, this locking element can snap when creating another panel in a V-shaped groove and connect the two panels together.

Es gibt auch Lösungen, bei denen die aneinander stoßenden Kopfseiten durch eine in ihre Längsrichtung verlagerbare Feder miteinander verbunden werden. Dadurch entfällt das manuelle Einschlagen mittels eines Hammers. Die Federn sind vormontiert, wodurch auch das nachträgliche Einfügen entfällt. Ein solcher Bodenbelag ist Gegenstand der WO 2008/017301 . Hierbei wird ein überstehendes Ende einer Feder in eine kopfseitige Nut hineinverlagert, um die Feder teilweise von einer Nut in die korrespondierende Nut des benachbarten Paneels zu verlagern. Auf diese Weise sind die Paneele miteinander verriegelt.There are also solutions in which the abutting head sides are joined together by a spring which can be displaced in its longitudinal direction. This eliminates the manual hammering by means of a hammer. The springs are pre-assembled, eliminating the need for subsequent insertion. Such a floor covering is the subject of WO 2008/017301 , This is a projecting end of a spring in a head-side groove hineinverlagert to partially displace the spring from one groove into the corresponding groove of the adjacent panel. In this way, the panels are locked together.

Die WO 2007/081267 A1 offenbart einen Belag aus mechanisch miteinander verbindbaren Paneelen, wobei benachbarte erste und zweite Paneele an ihren zueinander komplementären Seiten jeweils eine Nut besitzen. In eine der Nuten ist eine gegenüber dem Paneel relativ verlagerbare Feder angeordnet, die geeignet ist, beim Verbinden der benachbarten Paneele in die Nut des benachbarten Paneels einzugreifen. Das die Feder haltende Paneel weist eine unter das benachbarte Paneel greifende Verriegelungsleiste auf. Die Verriegelungsleiste ist geeigente, benachbarte Paneele gegen Zugbelastung in einer Verlegeebene zu sichern, wobei das von der Verriegelungsleiste untergriffene Paneel sich sowohl auf der Verriegelungsleiste als auch auf einer Auflagerleiste abstützt. Die Auflagerleiste ist dabei in größerem Abstand von der Verriegelungsleiste angeordnet als die Nut.The WO 2007/081267 A1 discloses a covering of mechanically interconnectable panels, wherein adjacent first and second panels each have a groove on their mutually complementary sides. In one of the grooves, a relative to the panel relatively displaceable spring is arranged, which is adapted to engage in the connection of the adjacent panels in the groove of the adjacent panel. The spring-holding panel has a locking strip engaging under the adjacent panel. The locking bar is geeigente to secure adjacent panels against tensile stress in a laying plane, wherein the attacked by the locking bar panel is supported on both the locking bar and on a support bar. The support strip is arranged at a greater distance from the locking bar than the groove.

Damit die Verlagerbarkeit der Feder überhaupt möglich ist, muss sie mit gewissem Spiel gehalten werden und in die entsprechend exakt ausgerichtete gegenüberliegende Nut des komplementären Paneels eingesetzt werden. Dieses Spiel ist vorzugsweise möglichst gering, damit es im Bereich der Stoßfuge zweier Paneele nicht zu einem Höhenversatz kommt. Prinzipbedingt kann ein bestimmtes Spiel jedoch nicht vermieden werden.So that the displaceability of the spring is even possible, it must be kept with a certain amount of play and inserted into the correspondingly precisely aligned opposite groove of the complementary panel. This game is preferably as small as possible so that it does not come to a height offset in the area of the butt joint of two panels. Due to the principle, however, a particular game can not be avoided.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Belag aus mechanisch miteinander verbindbaren Paneelen aufzuzeigen, bei welchem der Höhenversatz im Bereich der Stoßfuge minimal ist und welcher so konzipiert ist, dass er besonders leicht verlegt und wieder aufgenommen werden kann.The invention has for its object to show a covering of mechanically interconnectable panels, in which the height offset in the area of the butt joint is minimal and which is designed so that it can be easily moved and resumed.

Der gegenständliche Teil dieser Aufgabe ist bei einem Belag mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The objective part of this object is achieved in a covering with the features of claim 1.

Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Paneele sind dafür vorgesehen und dazu geeignet, mit anderen gleichartigen Paneelen mechanisch verbunden zu werden. Die Verbindung erfolgt über an den komplementären Seiten der Paneele angeordnete Verbindungselemente in Form von Nut- und Federverbindungen. Bei den komplementären Seiten kann es sich um Kopfseiten und/oder Längsseiten der Paneele handeln. Im Rahmen der Erfindung besitzen daher benachbarte erste und zweite Paneele an ihren zueinander komplementären Seiten jeweils eine Nut. In eine der Nuten ist eine gegenüber dem Paneel relativ verlagerbare Feder angeordnet, die geeignet ist, beim Verbinden der benachbarten Paneele in eine Nut des benachbarten Paneels einzugreifen. Die Verrastung bzw. Verbindung der Paneele erfolgt vorzugsweise erst dann, wenn ein weiteres Paneel mit seiner Längsseite mit den Längsseiten der vorgehenden Paneelreihe in Eingriff gelangt und dabei mit seiner Längsseite ein aus der Nut überstehendes Ende der Feder in die Nut schiebt, so dass dieses Verschieben ein kopfseitiges Verriegeln der einander komplementären Kopfseiten der benachbarten Paneele bewirkt.The panels of the invention are intended and adapted to be mechanically connected to other similar panels. The connection is made via arranged on the complementary sides of the panels connecting elements in the form of tongue and groove joints. The complementary sides can be head sides and / or long sides of the panels. In the context of the invention therefore have adjacent first and second panels at their mutually complementary sides each have a groove. In one of the grooves, a relative to the panel relatively displaceable spring is arranged, which is adapted to engage in connecting the adjacent panels in a groove of the adjacent panel. The latching or connection of the panels preferably takes place only when another panel engages with its longitudinal side with the longitudinal sides of the preceding row of panels while pushing with its longitudinal side protruding from the groove end of the spring in the groove, so that this shifting causing a head-side locking of the mutually complementary head sides of the adjacent panels.

Zusätzlich zu der Feder weist das die Feder ursprünglich haltende Paneel eine unter das benachbarte Paneel greifende Verriegelungsleiste auf, welche geeignet ist, benachbarte Paneele gegen Zugbelastung in einer Verlegeebene zu sichern. Die Verriegelungsleisten dienen also zur Kopplung der Paneele in der Verlegeebene, während die Federn verhindern sollen, dass sich die Paneele relativ zueinander in Hochrichtung verlagern. Da die Verriegelungsleiste, welche unter das benachbarte Paneel greift, in relativ großem Abstand zur Oberseite der Paneele angeordnet ist, ist zusätzlich vorgesehen, dass das von der Verriegelungsleiste untergriffene Paneel sich primär auf einer Auflagerleiste abstützt. Diese ist in größerem Abstand von der Verriegelungsleiste angeordnet als die Nut. Mit anderen Worten befindet sich die Nut zwischen der Auflagerleiste und der Verriegelungsleiste. Die Auflagerleiste hat die Funktion, den Abstand des Auflagerpunktes von der Oberseite der Paneele zu reduzieren, was insbesondere bei sehr dünnwandigen und weicheren Materialien von Vorteil ist. Aufgrund der Nähe der Auflagerleiste zur Oberseite der Paneele werden punktuell in der Nähe einer Stoßfuge angreifende Vertikalkräfte, die auf das untergriffene Paneel wirken, auf kürzerem Wege in das angrenzende, untergreifende Paneel eingeleitet als dies über die tiefer liegende Verriegelungsleiste möglich ist. Aufgrund der Abstützung in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Kraftangriffspunkt ist der Höhenversatz zwischen zwei Paneelen im Belastungsfall wesentlich geringer.In addition to the spring, the panel originally holding the spring has a locking strip which engages under the adjacent panel and which is suitable for securing adjacent panels against tensile stress in a laying plane. The locking strips thus serve to couple the panels in the laying plane, while the springs are intended to prevent the panels from shifting relative to one another in the vertical direction. Since the locking strip which engages under the adjacent panel, is arranged at a relatively large distance from the top of the panels, it is additionally provided that the attacked by the locking bar panel is primarily supported on a support strip. This is arranged at a greater distance from the locking bar than the groove. In other words, the groove is between the support bar and the locking bar. The support bar has the function of reducing the distance of the support point from the top of the panels, which is particularly advantageous for very thin-walled and softer materials. Due to the proximity of the support bar to the top of the panels will be close to points a vertical joint attacking vertical forces acting on the underride panel, introduced in a shorter way in the adjacent, underarching panel than is possible via the lower locking bar. Due to the support in the immediate vicinity of the point of force application, the height offset between two panels in the load case is much lower.

Da die Auflagerleiste vorzugsweise unmittelbar benachbart zur Feder angeordnet ist, kann die Auflagerleiste in die gleiche bzw. dieselbe Nut fassen, in welche auch die Feder verlagerbar ist. Die Nut ist entsprechend breiter ausgebildet als die zur Verriegelung vorgesehene Feder.Since the support strip is preferably arranged immediately adjacent to the spring, the support bar can take in the same or the same groove in which the spring is displaced. The groove is correspondingly wider than the spring provided for locking.

Der Abstand der Auflagerleiste von der Oberseite des Paneels beträgt vorzugsweise 10% bis 35% einer Gesamtdicke des Paneels. In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung kann die Auflagerleiste daher bevorzugt nicht mehr als 3 mm bis 5 mm im Abstand zur Oberseite des Paneels eingeordnet sein. Der konkrete Abstand ist natürlich maßgeblich abhängig von der Dicke der Dekorschicht des Paneels. Das Paneel selbst kann eine relativ geringe Dicke von 8 mm bis 10 mm besitzen.The distance of the support bar from the top of the panel is preferably 10% to 35% of a total thickness of the panel. In an advantageous development, the support strip can therefore preferably be arranged no more than 3 mm to 5 mm apart from the top of the panel. Of course, the actual distance depends largely on the thickness of the decorative layer of the panel. The panel itself may have a relatively small thickness of 8 mm to 10 mm.

Da im Laminatbereich sehr geringe Dicken angestrebt werden, kann die Auflagerleiste unmittelbar benachbart der Nut angeordnet sein. In diesem Fall kann eine Unterkante der Auflagerleiste sogar Bestandteil einer oberen Nutwange der Nut sein. Anders ausgedrückt ist der Höhenbereich des Paneels, der sich oberhalb der Auflagerleiste bis zur Oberseite erstreckt, gegenüber der Nutmündung etwas zurückversetzt. Auch dadurch wird die gewünschte Auflagerleiste ausgebildet.Since very small thicknesses are desired in the laminate area, the support strip can be arranged directly adjacent to the groove. In this case, a lower edge of the support bar may even be part of an upper groove cheek of the groove. In other words, the height range of the panel, which extends above the support ledge to the top, is set back slightly in relation to the groove mouth. This also makes the desired support strip is formed.

Es ist natürlich auch denkbar, dass die Auflagerleiste als schmaler Steg gegenüber der Nutmündung vorverlagert ist mit der Folge, dass eine untere Nutwange der Nut kürzer ist als die obere Nutwange der Nut. Ebenso ist es möglich, dass angrenzend an die Oberseite der Auflagerleiste eine Vertiefung an einer Seite des Paneels angeordnet ist. Die Vertiefung bezieht sich nicht auf die ohnehin vorstehende Auflagerleiste, sondern auf denjenigen Höhenbereich des Paneels, der sich oberhalb der Vertiefung bis zur Oberseite des Paneels anschließt. Durch eine solche Vertiefung ist es fertigungstechnisch einfacher, die Auflagerkante im Eckbereich ohne störende Rundung oder Fase auszubilden, die den Auflagerbereich verkleinern würde. Der Eckbereich wird quasi tiefer in das Paneel hineinverlagert, so dass der vorstehende Bereich der Auflagerleiste komplett als Auflager zur Abstützung zur Verfügung steht. Dies ist wichtig, da die Auflagerleiste nicht größer als notwendig gestaltet werden sollte. Unter Umständen reicht schon ein Vorsprung von weniger als 1 mm aus, vorzugsweise in der Größenordnung von 0,5 mm.It is of course also conceivable that the support strip is pre-displaced as a narrow web opposite the Nutmündung with the result that a lower groove cheek of the groove is shorter than the upper groove cheek of the groove. It is also possible that a depression is arranged on one side of the panel adjacent to the upper side of the support strip. The recess does not relate to the already projecting support strip, but on those height range of the panel, which is above the depression to the top of the panel followed. Such a recess makes it easier to manufacture the support edge in the corner without disturbing rounding or bevel, which would reduce the support area. The corner area is moved into the panel, so to speak, so that the projecting area of the support bar is completely available as a support for support. This is important as the support bar should not be made larger than necessary. Under certain circumstances, even a projection of less than 1 mm is sufficient, preferably of the order of 0.5 mm.

Beispielsweise kann die Breite der Nut, in welche die Feder verlagert werden soll, an der engsten Stelle größer als das 1,1fache der Breite der Feder sein. Mit anderen Worten besitzt die Auflagerleiste eine Dicke, die wenigstens etwa 10 % der Dicke der Feder entspricht.For example, the width of the groove into which the spring is to be displaced at the narrowest point may be greater than 1.1 times the width of the spring. In other words, the support strip has a thickness that corresponds to at least about 10% of the thickness of the spring.

Die der Feder benachbarte Auflagerleiste stützt sich in der Verriegelungsposition der Feder unmittelbar an der Oberseite der Feder ab, die wiederum an der unteren Nutwange der jeweiligen Nuten anliegt und dadurch die angreifenden Kräfte in die untere Hälfte des Paneels und somit in den Untergrund einleitet. Somit können auch Auflagerleisten relativ geringer Dicke zum Einsatz kommen, ohne dass die Gefahr besteht, dass die Auflagerleiste abbricht. Das bedeutet aber auch, dass hinsichtlich der Verriegelungsleisten andere konstruktive Möglichkeiten bestehen, da die vertikal angreifenden Kräfte nunmehr in die Auflagerleiste und nur bedingt in die Verriegelungsleiste eingeleitet werden. Zur Vermeidung einer Doppelpassung stützt sich das untergriffene Paneel primär auf der Auflagerleiste ab, während die Verriegelungsleiste primär dazu dient, die Paneele in horizontaler Richtung aneinander zu binden. Hierzu ist an der Verriegelungsleiste eine Schrägfläche vorgesehen. Eine hier angreifende Kraft kann in einen horizontalen und einen vertikalen Kraftvektor eingeteilt werden. Der horizontale Kraftvektor bestimmt, mit welcher Kraft die Paneele in horizontaler Richtung aneinandergedrückt werden. Zusätzlich ist aber auch ein kleinerer, vertikaler Kraftvektor vorhanden, da die Paneele mit einem gewissen minimalen Kraftaufwand heruntergeklappt werden müssen. Stößt das heruntergeklappte Paneel auf die Schrägfläche, gleitet es auf der Schrägfläche in die richtige Position. Die Schrägfläche ist vorzugsweise konvex gestaltet. In einer Ausführungsform der konvexen Schrägfläche gehen zwei oder mehrere konvexe Abschnitte mit unterschiedlichen Radien ineinander über. Im Kontaktbereich, das heißt in der Einbaulage, ist der Winkel zur Horizontalen < 90°, vorzugsweise < 60°, insbesondere < 55°. Durch den Winkel der Schrägfläche kann ein späteres Lösen der Verbindung, das heißt Anheben des Paneels, erleichtert werden. Bei Winkeln > 70° erfolgt zwar eine sehr gute Verriegelung, allerdings wird eine zerstörungsfreie Wiederaufnahme des Paneels, das heißt ein späteres Anheben, erschwert oder sogar unmöglich gemacht.The spring adjacent the support bar is supported in the locking position of the spring directly from the top of the spring, which in turn rests against the lower groove cheek of the respective grooves and thereby initiates the attacking forces in the lower half of the panel and thus in the ground. Thus, also support strips relatively small thickness can be used without the risk that the support bar breaks off. But this also means that other design options exist with regard to the locking strips, since the vertically acting forces are now introduced into the support strip and only conditionally into the locking strip. To avoid a double fit, the underride panel is supported primarily on the support bar, while the locking bar primarily serves to bind the panels in the horizontal direction to each other. For this purpose, an oblique surface is provided on the locking bar. A force acting here can be divided into a horizontal and a vertical force vector. The horizontal force vector determines the force with which the panels are pressed together in the horizontal direction. In addition, however, a smaller, vertical force vector is present, since the panels must be folded down with a certain minimum effort. Pushes the folded down panel onto the beveled surface, slides it on the inclined surface in the correct position. The inclined surface is preferably convex. In one embodiment of the convex oblique surface, two or more convex portions having different radii merge into each other. In the contact region, that is in the installed position, the angle to the horizontal is <90 °, preferably <60 °, in particular <55 °. Due to the angle of the inclined surface, a later release of the connection, that is lifting the panel can be facilitated. At angles> 70 °, although a very good locking, but a non-destructive resumption of the panel, that is, a later lifting, made difficult or even impossible.

Es wird als zweckmäßig angesehen, wenn sich die untere Nutwange des von der Verriegelungsleiste untergriffenen Paneels zur Nutmündung hin erweitert. Diese Erweitung kann in einer Schräge bestehen oder auch in einer konvexen Rundung, die beispielsweise elliptisch ausgebildet ist. Der Zweck einer solchen, sich mündungsseitig erweiternden Nutwange besteht darin, dass die Feder mit zunehmender Eindringtiefe in die Nut von der unteren Nutwange in Richtung zur oberen Nutwange verlagert werden muss. Die Verlagerung wird jedoch dadurch gehemmt, dass die Feder gegen die Unterseite der Auflagerleiste, welche zumindest teilweise die obere Nutwange bildet, gedrängt wird. Die Unterseite der Feder läuft also gewissermaßen auf der rampen- oder keilförmigen Schrägfläche der unteren Nutwange auf und zieht dadurch das untergriffene Paneel nach unten gegen die Auflagerleiste. Durch das Auflaufen der Feder auf die keilförmige Schrägfläche der unteren Nutwange wird die Feder in Richtung zur oberen Nutwange tordiert, so dass sie sich zwischen den Nuten leicht verkeilt und so mit einer Biegespannung beaufschlagt wird. Dabei besteht die Feder vorzugsweise aus einem starren Material um die auftretenden Biegespannungen aufnehmen zu können. Durch die unter Biegespannung stehende Feder wird das zweite Paneel mit seiner oberen Nutwange gegen die Auflagerleiste und mit seinem Koppelkanal gegen den Kuppelwulst des ersten Paneels gedrückt. Die Paneele sind dann in der verbundenen Position zusätzlich durch die Feder miteinander verspannt. Wird nun eine Kraft auf das die Auflagerleiste aufweisende Paneel ausgeübt, drückt die Unterseite der Auflagerleiste auf die Feder und somit auf die untere Nutwange des korrespondierenden Paneels, so dass die horizontale Ausrichtung beider Paneele gleich bleibt. Die Höhenanpassung an der Dekoroberseite verändert sich nicht.It is considered useful if the lower groove cheek of the attacked by the locking bar panel widens towards Nutmündung out. This extension may consist of a slope or in a convex curve, which is for example elliptical. The purpose of such, on the mouth side widening groove cheek is that the spring must be displaced with increasing depth of penetration into the groove from the lower groove cheek toward the upper groove cheek. The displacement is, however, inhibited by the fact that the spring against the underside of the support strip, which at least partially forms the upper groove cheek, is urged. The underside of the spring runs so to speak on the ramp-shaped or wedge-shaped inclined surface of the lower groove cheek and thereby pulls the underride panel down against the support bar. Due to the emergence of the spring on the wedge-shaped inclined surface of the lower groove cheek, the spring is twisted in the direction of the upper groove cheek, so that it is easily wedged between the grooves and thus subjected to a bending stress. In this case, the spring preferably consists of a rigid material to absorb the bending stresses occurring. By standing under bending stress spring, the second panel is pressed with its upper groove cheek against the support bar and with its coupling channel against the dome bulge of the first panel. The panels are then additionally clamped together in the connected position by the spring. If a force is now exerted on the panel having the support strip, press the bottom of the support bar on the spring and thus on the lower groove cheek of the corresponding panel, so that the horizontal alignment of both panels remains the same. The height adjustment on the top of the decor does not change.

Dieses Ziel wird insbesondere dann erreicht, wenn die Feder auf einem elliptischen Bogen der unteren Nutwange aufläuft, wobei sich die verschobene Feder ganz leicht verkantet. Dies ist möglich, weil die Feder sehr biegesteif und zudem sehr schmal ausgestaltet ist und weil innerhalb der Nut ein entsprechender Freiraum vorhanden ist, um die Feder in Richtung der oberen Nutwange zu verlagern. Dies ist notwendig, um das gewünschte Verkanten der Verschiebefeder zu erreichen. Dabei kann der Querschnitt der Feder unterschiedlich, beispielsweise rechteckig, rechteckig mit abgerundeten Kanten oder elliptisch ausgestaltet sein. Ebenso ist auch eine in Querrichtung zur Nut stangenähnliche Feder denkbar. Bei der Ausgestaltung der Feder gilt zu beachten, dass die zur Unterseite der Paneele weisende Federfläche zumindest im Verbindungsbereich zweier Paneele an den unteren Nutwangen beider Nuten und dass die zur Oberseite der Paneele weisende Federfläche an zumindest im Verbindungsbereich zweier Paneele an den oberen Nutwangen der sich gegenüberstehenden Nuten anliegt.This goal is achieved in particular when the spring runs on an elliptical arc of the lower groove cheek, with the displaced spring tilted very easily. This is possible because the spring is very rigid and also designed very narrow and because within the groove a corresponding space is available to move the spring in the direction of the upper groove cheek. This is necessary to achieve the desired tilting of the shift spring. In this case, the cross section of the spring can be designed differently, for example rectangular, rectangular with rounded edges or elliptical. Likewise, a rod-like spring in the transverse direction to the groove is conceivable. In the embodiment of the spring, it should be noted that the spring surface facing the underside of the panels at least in the region of connection of two panels to the lower groove cheeks of both grooves and that the spring surface facing the top of the panels at at least in the connecting region of two panels to the upper groove cheeks facing each other Grooves applied.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn die Feder unter Vorspannung steht, so dass sie in der Einbaulage horizontal in die komplementäre Nut drängt. Dadurch werden die Paneele selbsttätig in der Höhe gegeneinander gezogen.It is advantageous if the spring is biased so that it pushes horizontally in the mounting position in the complementary groove. As a result, the panels are automatically pulled in height against each other.

Die Montage der erfindungsgemäßen Paneele ist besonderes einfach, wenn eine vordere Spitze der unteren Nutwange klemmungsfrei an der Vorderkante der Auflagerleiste vorbeigeführt werden kann. Mit anderen Worten ist der untere Höhenbereich des Paneels, der sich in der Einbaulage unterhalb der Nut und oberhalb der Verriegelungsleiste befindet, gegenüber dem oberen Höhenbereich, der sich oberhalb der Auflageleiste befindet, etwas zurückversetzt, wobei die Dimensionierung der Auflagerleiste bestimmt, wie weit der Kuppelwulst zurückversetzt sein sollte. Vorzugsweise liegt die Spitze der unteren Nutwange und damit des Kuppelwulstes in der gleichen Vertikalebene wie die Vorderkante der Auflagerleiste.The assembly of the panels according to the invention is particularly simple if a front tip of the lower groove cheek can be passed without jamming at the front edge of the support strip. In other words, the lower height range of the panel, which is located in the installed position below the groove and above the locking bar, compared to the upper height range, which is located above the support bar, slightly set back, the dimensioning of the support strip determines how far the Kuppelwulst should be set back. Preferably, the tip is located the lower groove cheek and thus the dome bulge in the same vertical plane as the front edge of the support strip.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Paneel ist es möglich, Fußbodenbeläge in ihrem Verbindungsbereich hinsichtlich der Höhenanpassung zu optimieren, und zwar auch dann, wenn relativ dünne Paneele, insbesondere im Laminatbereich, zum Einsatz kommen.With the panel according to the invention, it is possible to optimize floor coverings in their connection area in terms of height adjustment, even if relatively thin panels, especially in the laminate area, are used.

Der Werkstoff für die Feder kann sowohl ein Holzwerkstoff sein, das heißt, es kann sich um Holz oder um einen Holzfasern enthaltenden Werkstoff handeln, oder einen Werkstoff, der aus Holz als Basismaterial hergestellt ist, wie beispielsweise Flüssigholz. Metall und Metalllegierungen kommen für die Federn ebenso in Frage wie Verbundwerkstoffe. Der Einsatz von Bimetallen oder Mischkunststoffen ist ebenso möglich wie die Verwendung von Werkstoffen auf Basis thermoplastischer oder duoplastischer Kunststoffe. Die Feder kann auch aus einem faserverstärkten Kunststoff bestehen.The material for the spring may be both a wood material, that is, it may be wood or a material containing wood fibers, or a material made of wood as a base material, such as liquid wood. Metal and metal alloys are also suitable for the springs as well as composites. The use of bimetallic or mixed plastics is just as possible as the use of materials based on thermoplastic or duoplastic plastics. The spring can also consist of a fiber-reinforced plastic.

Der Erfindungsgedanke ist auf alle Bodensysteme anwendbar, bei denen ein Oberbelag auf einen Träger angeordnet ist, wie beispielsweise Echtholzbeläge, Laminat, Träger mit lackierten Oberflächen als Oberbelag, Linoleum, Kork auf Trägerplatten etc. Die Deckschicht kann insbesondere aus einem Dekorpapier mit Overlay bestehen, welches die Optik der Elementplatte bestimmt. Bei einem Fußbodenbelag kann es sich somit um einen Parkettboden, ein Fertigparkettboden, ein Echtholzboden oder um einen Laminatfußboden handeln.The concept of the invention is applicable to all floor systems in which an upper covering is arranged on a carrier, such as real wood coverings, laminate, support with painted surfaces as a top covering, linoleum, cork on support plates, etc. The cover layer can in particular consist of a decorative paper with overlay, which determines the appearance of the element plate. A floor covering may thus be a parquet floor, a finished parquet floor, a real wood floor or a laminate floor.

Ein Verfahren zum Verlegen des vorstehend beschriebenen Belags ist Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 17. Bei diesem Verfahren werden eine Vielzahl von im Verbund zu verlegenden Paneelen über an ihren Seiten (Kopfseiten oder Längsseiten) angeordnete Verriegelungsleisten miteinander gekoppelt, so dass die einander benachbarten Paneele miteinander in Eingriff gelangen. Die Seiten werden durch die in Nuten eingesetzten Federn gegeneinander verriegelt, wobei die Seiten erst dann verriegelt werden, wenn ein weiteres Paneel mit einem zuvor verlegten Paneel in Eingriff gelangt und dabei das weitere Paneel ein überstehendes Ende der Feder der bereits verlegten Paneele in die Nut schiebt, so dass diese in die Nut der anderen Seite eingreift und die Paneele miteinander verriegelt. Das Besondere ist, dass die Paneele durch jede der drei folgenden Relativbewegungen miteinander verbindbar sind:

  1. a) das weitere Paneel wird mit dem verlegten Paneel durch horizontales Einschieben in Richtung der Verlegeebene verbunden, wobei das weitere Paneel über die Verriegelungsleiste gleitend in die Verriegelungsposition gelangt;
  2. b) eine oberseitige Kante des weiteren Paneels wird an einer Seite eines verlegten Paneel angelegt, wobei das weitere Paneel um die Kante verschwenkt und in die Verriegelungsposition verlagert wird;
  3. c) das weitere Paneel wird von oben auf der Verriegelungsleiste des verlegten Paneels abgelegt, wobei die Nuten der Paneele während des Ablegens entweder parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind oder zu Beginn des Ablegens in einem Winkel zueinander stehen, der beim Ablegen verkleinert wird, wobei die Schwenkachse in der Verlegeebene liegt und senkrecht zur Nut verläuft.
A method for laying the covering described above is the subject of patent claim 17. In this method, a plurality of panels to be laid in the composite are coupled together on their sides (head sides or longitudinal sides) locking strips so that the adjacent panels engage with each other , The sides are locked against each other by the springs inserted in grooves, the sides being locked only when another panel engages with a previously installed panel and while the other panel pushes a projecting end of the spring of the already laid panels in the groove so that it engages in the groove of the other side and the panels locked together. The special feature is that the panels can be connected to each other by any of the following three relative movements:
  1. a) the other panel is connected to the laid panel by pushing horizontally in the direction of the laying plane, wherein the further panel via the locking bar slidably enters the locking position;
  2. b) a top edge of the further panel is applied to one side of a laid panel, the further panel being pivoted about the edge and displaced to the locking position;
  3. c) the further panel is deposited from the top of the locking bar of the laid panel, wherein the grooves of the panels during placement are either aligned parallel to each other or at the beginning of depositing at an angle to each other, which is reduced when depositing, the pivot axis in the laying plane is located and perpendicular to the groove.

Variante a) betrifft eine nahezu ausschließliche horizontale Verlagerung in der Verlegeebene, die gewissermaßen dem bekannten horizontalen Einschlagen entspricht, allerdings mit dem Unterschied, dass kein erhöhter Kraftaufwand notwendig ist, da das zu verlegende Paneel einfach über die Verriegelungsleiste des zuvor verlegten Paneels gleitet.Variation a) relates to a nearly exclusive horizontal displacement in the laying plane, which corresponds to a certain extent the known horizontal impact, but with the difference that no increased effort is necessary because the panel to be laid simply slides over the locking bar of the previously installed panel.

Variante b) betrifft das Einschwenken um einen bestimmen Drehpunkt, der durch die Dekorkante, das heißt durch die oberseitigen Kanten der Paneele, definiert wird.Variation b) relates to the pivoting about a certain pivot point, which is defined by the decorative edge, that is, by the top edges of the panels.

Variante c) erfasst das klemmungsfreie Ablegen oder Abwinkeln, beispielsweise im Kopfbereich zweier Paneele. Die Verriegelung, das heißt das Verschieben der Feder erfolgt dann durch ein drittes Paneel, was im Wirkzusammenhang mit der Feder steht.Variant c) detects the pinch-free depositing or bending, for example in the head area of two panels. The lock, that is Move the spring is then through a third panel, which is in operative connection with the spring.

Der Monteur hat also die Wahl zwischen dem horizontalen Einschieben, dem Einschwenken, dem Ablegen und dem Abwinkeln. Alle Verlegemethoden sind bei ein und derselben stirnseitigen Konfiguration möglich, was die Montage nicht nur für Laien erheblich vereinfacht.The installer has the choice between horizontal insertion, pivoting, dropping and bending. All laying methods are possible with one and the same configuration on the front, which considerably simplifies installation not only for laymen.

Mit der Erfindung ist auch eine vereinfachte Demontage des Belags möglich. Patentanspruch 18 betrifft ein Demontageverfahren für einen Belag mit den vorstehend beschriebenen Merkmalen. Wesentlich ist, dass bei ausgefahrener, sich in beide Nuten erstreckender Feder dasjenige Paneel, das von der Verriegelungsleiste untergriffen wird, um eine oberseitige Kante, die an das Paneel mit der Verriegelungsleiste grenzt, verschwenkt werden kann und somit eine Entnahme auch bei ausgefahrener Feder möglich ist. Im Grunde entspricht diese Entnahme der umgekehrten Verfahrensweise zu Variante b) des oben beschriebenen Verlegeverfahrens.With the invention, a simplified disassembly of the covering is possible. Claim 18 relates to a disassembly method for a covering with the features described above. It is essential that when extended, extending in both grooves spring that panel which is attacked by the locking bar to an upper edge, which adjoins the panel with the locking bar, can be pivoted and thus removal even when the spring is extended , Basically, this removal corresponds to the reverse procedure to variant b) of the laying method described above.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in den schematischen Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figuren 1a bis 1c
jeweils einen Querschnitt durch den Verbindungsbereich zweier benachbarter Paneele in unterschiedlichen Montagestellungen,
Figuren 2 und 3
jeweils einen Querschnitt durch den Verbindungsbereich zweier benachbarter Paneele in zwei weiteren Montagestellungen und
Figur 4
einen Querschnitt durch den Verbindungsbereich zweier benachbarter Paneele in einer weiteren Montagestellung
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the schematic drawings. Show it:
FIGS. 1a to 1c
each a cross section through the connecting region of two adjacent panels in different mounting positions,
FIGS. 2 and 3
in each case a cross section through the connecting region of two adjacent panels in two further mounting positions and
FIG. 4
a cross section through the connecting region of two adjacent panels in another mounting position

Figur 1a zeigt einen Querschnitt durch zwei Paneele 1, 2. Es kann sich hierbei um einen längsseitigen oder kopfseitigen Querschnitt der Paneele 1, 2 handeln. FIG. 1a shows a cross section through two panels 1, 2. This may be a longitudinal or head-side cross-section of the panels 1, 2 act.

Die Paneele 1, 2 sind identisch konfiguriert, so dass die Paneele 1, 2 zu einem Fußbodenbelag zusammengesetzt werden können. Figur 1 a zeigt hier zwei benachbarte Paneele 1, 2 vor dem Eingriff. Hierbei zeigt die Darstellung links ein erstes Paneel 1 und rechts ein zweites Paneel 2, welches dafür vorgesehen ist, mit dem ersten Paneel 1 verbunden zu werden. Das erste Paneel 1 weist eine Verriegelungsleiste 3 auf und das zweite Paneel 2 besitzt einen nach unten offenen Kuppelkanal 4 und eine sich hieran anschließende, nach unten gerichtete endseitige Kuppelwulst 5. Die Verriegelungsleiste 3 des ersten Paneels 1 steht gegenüber einer Kopfseite, die bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel nur als Seite 6 bezeichnet wird, vor. Paneel 2 wird so gegenüber Paneel 1 angeordnet, dass beim Absenken in Pfeilrichtung P Kuppelwulst 5 der zweiten Paneele 2 mit dem Kuppelkanal 7 der Verriegelungsleiste 3 und der Kuppelkanal 4 der zweiten Paneele 2 mit der Kuppelwulst 8 der Verriegelungsleiste 3 in Eingriff gelangen. Dabei gleitet eine Spitze 26 des Kuppelwulstes 5 der zweiten Paneele an einer Vorderkante der von der Seite 10 der ersten Paneele 1 vorstehenden Auflagerleiste entlang, bis eine obere Nutwange 27 der Nut 17 des zweiten Paneels 2 auf einer Oberseite 24 der Auflageleiste 11 des ersten Paneels 1 aufliegt und die Seite 6 des zweiten Paneels 2 an der Seite 10 des ersten Paneels 1 anliegt. In dieser Position bildet sich zwischen dem Kuppelkanal 4 des zweiten Paneels 2 und der Kuppelwulst 8 der Verriegelungsleiste 3 des ersten Paneels 1 ein Kontaktbereich 9 aus. Das zweite Paneel 2 gelangt dabei so mit dem ersten Paneel 1 in Eingriff, dass das zweite Paneel 2 unter Vorspannung steht und über den Kontaktbereich 9 (Figur 1b) zwischen dem Kuppelkanal 4 und der Kuppelwulst 8 mit seiner Seite 6 gegen die Seite 10 gedrückt wird. Die Feder 16 ist in dieser Position noch in der Nut 17 angeordnet. Im dritten Schritt (Figur 1c) gelangt diese Feder aus der Nut 12 in die Nut 17 und verriegelt die Paneele 1, 2 miteinanderThe panels 1, 2 are identically configured so that the panels 1, 2 can be assembled into a floor covering. FIG. 1 Here a shows two adjacent panels 1, 2 before the procedure. Here, the illustration on the left shows a first panel 1 and on the right a second panel 2, which is intended to be connected to the first panel 1. The first panel 1 has a locking strip 3 and the second panel 2 has a downwardly open dome channel 4 and a subsequent downwardly directed end Kuppelwulst 5. The locking bar 3 of the first panel 1 is opposite a head side, in this embodiment only referred to as page 6, before. Panel 2 is arranged relative to panel 1, that when lowering in the direction of arrow P Kuppelwulst 5 of the second panel 2 with the dome channel 7 of the locking bar 3 and the dome channel 4 of the second panel 2 with the dome bead 8 of the locking bar 3 engage. In this case, a tip 26 of the dome bead 5 of the second panel slides along a front edge of the bearing strip 10 projecting from the side 10 of the first panel 1 until an upper groove cheek 27 of the groove 17 of the second panel 2 is placed on a top side 24 of the support ledge 11 of the first panel 1 rests and the side 6 of the second panel 2 rests against the side 10 of the first panel 1. In this position, a contact region 9 is formed between the dome channel 4 of the second panel 2 and the dome bulge 8 of the locking bar 3 of the first panel 1. The second panel 2 engages with the first panel 1 in such a way that the second panel 2 is under pretension and is moved over the contact area 9 (FIG. FIG. 1b ) between the dome channel 4 and the dome 8 is pressed with its side 6 against the side 10. The spring 16 is still arranged in this position in the groove 17. In the third step ( Figure 1c ) This spring passes out of the groove 12 in the groove 17 and locks the panels 1, 2 together

Durch die Hinterschneidung der Kuppelwülste 5, 8 sind die beiden Paneele 1, 2 in der Verlegeebene, das heißt in horizontaler Richtung des verlegten Bodenbelags, gegen Verlagerung gesichert. Dadurch, dass die Kuppelwülste 5, 8 in ihrem Kontaktbereich 9 schräg in einem Winkel von ca. 55° bis 60° zur Verlegeebene aneinander anliegen, wird beim Herunterschwenken des zweiten Paneels 2 in Richtung des Pfeils P auf das bereits verlegte erste Paneel 1 das zweite Paneel 2 mit seiner, zur Seite 6 des ersten Paneels 1 komplementären Seite 10 gegen das erste Paneel 1 gezogen, so dass die Seiten 6, 10 der Paneele 1, 2 aneinander anliegen.By the undercut of Kuppelwülste 5, 8, the two panels 1, 2 in the laying plane, that is secured in the horizontal direction of the laid flooring, against displacement. The fact that the Kuppelwülste 5, 8 in their contact area 9 obliquely at an angle of about 55 ° to 60 ° to Laying laying plane abut each other, is pulled down the second panel 2 in the direction of arrow P on the already laid first panel 1, the second panel 2 with its, complementary to the side 6 of the first panel 1 side 10 against the first panel 1, so that the Pages 6, 10 of the panels 1, 2 abut each other.

Zusätzlich zu dem Kontakt zwischen den Kuppelwülsten 5, 8 liegt das zweite Paneel 2 auf einer Auflagerleiste 11 oberhalb einer Nut 12. Die Auflagerleiste 11 befindet sich somit in einem geringeren Abstand von der Oberseite 13 des rechten Paneels 2 als die Verriegelungsleiste 3, auf der das Paneel 2 üblicherweise auch in Vertikalrichtung abgestützt ist. Aufgrund des geringeren Abstands der Auflagerleiste 11 zur Oberseite 13 können engere Toleranzen eingehalten werden, so dass mit dieser Lösung ein etwaiger Höhenversatz zwischen den Paneelen 1, 2 minimiert werden kann. Die Auflagerleiste 11 grenzt unmittelbar an die Nut 12, so dass ihre Unterkante 14 ein Bestandteil einer oberen Nutwange 15 der Nut 12 ist. Die Auflagerleiste 11 erstreckt sich somit zusammen mit der bereits vom ersten Paneel 1 in das zweite Paneel 2 verlagerten Feder 16 in die korrespondierende Nut 17 im rechten Paneel 2. Die Nutbreite der Nut 17 ist entsprechend größer als die in Hochrichtung gemessene Dicke der Feder 16.In addition to the contact between the Kuppelwülsten 5, 8, the second panel 2 is located on a support bar 11 above a groove 12. The support strip 11 is thus located at a smaller distance from the top 13 of the right panel 2 as the locking bar 3, on the Panel 2 is usually supported in the vertical direction. Due to the smaller distance of the support strip 11 to the top 13 tighter tolerances can be met, so that with this solution, any height offset between the panels 1, 2 can be minimized. The support strip 11 directly adjoins the groove 12, so that its lower edge 14 is a component of an upper groove cheek 15 of the groove 12. The support strip 11 thus extends together with the already displaced from the first panel 1 in the second panel 2 spring 16 in the corresponding groove 17 in the right panel 2. The groove width of the groove 17 is correspondingly larger than the thickness measured in the vertical direction of the spring sixteenth

Wie anhand der Figuren zu erkennen ist, besitzt die Nut 17 im rechten Paneel 2 nicht nur eine größere Nutbreite, sondern zudem eine untere Nutwange 18, die im Gegensatz zur unteren Nutwange 23 der linken Nut 12 konvex gekrümmt ist, so dass sich die Nut 17 mündungsseitig erweitert. Die Krümmung der Nutwange 18 ist elliptisch ausgebildet, so dass die Feder 16 beim Verlagern in Richtung des Pfeils P1 auf der Nutwange 18 aufläuft und hierbei leicht gegenüber der Nut 12 und der Nut 17 verkantet. Die Oberseite 19 der Feder 16 wird hierbei von unten gegen die obere Nutwange 15 im Bereich der Auflagerleiste 11 gedrückt, so dass die Feder 16 über den Kontaktbereich K mit der unteren Nutwange 18 das rechte Paneel 2 tiefer nach unten in den Kuppelkanal 7 des ersten Paneels zieht bzw. das rechte Paneel 2 nach unten gegen die Oberseite 24 der Auflagerleiste 11 des ersten Paneels 1 drückt.As can be seen from the figures, the groove 17 in the right panel 2 not only has a larger groove width, but also a lower groove cheek 18, which is convexly curved in contrast to the lower groove cheek 23 of the left groove 12, so that the groove 17th expanded on the mouth side. The curvature of the groove cheek 18 is elliptical, so that the spring 16 runs during displacement in the direction of the arrow P1 on the groove cheek 18 and slightly tilted in this case with respect to the groove 12 and the groove 17. The upper side 19 of the spring 16 is pressed from below against the upper groove cheek 15 in the region of the support strip 11, so that the spring 16 via the contact region K with the lower groove cheek 18, the right panel 2 deeper down into the dome channel 7 of the first panel pulls or the right panel 2 down against the top 24 of the support strip 11 of the first panel 1 presses.

Aufgrund dieser abwärts gerichteten Kraft und der Schrägstellung der Kuppelwülste 5, 8 ergibt sich, dass im Kontaktbereich 9 zwischen den Kuppelwülsten 5, 8 sowohl eine horizontal wirkende als auch eine vertikal wirkende Kraft ausgeübt wird, wobei die horizontale Kraftkomponente bewirkt, dass die Seiten 6, 10 der Paneele 1, 2 fest aneinander gedrückt werden.Because of this downward force and the inclination of the Kuppelwülste 5, 8 results in that in the contact region 9 between the Kuppelwülsten 5, 8 both a horizontally acting and a vertically acting force is applied, the horizontal force component causes the sides 6, 10 of the panels 1, 2 are pressed firmly against each other.

In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine konvexe Schrägfläche des Kuppelwulstes 8 durch zwei ineinander übergehende konvexe Abschnitte mit unterschiedlichen Radien R1, R2 gebildet. Im Kontaktbereich, der hier dargestellten Einbaulage, beträgt der Winkel zwischen der Schrägfläche und der Horizontalen etwa 60°. Durch den Winkel der Schrägfläche kann ein späteres Lösen der Verbindung, das heißt Anheben des Paneels, erleichtert werden.In this exemplary embodiment, a convex oblique surface of the coupling bead 8 is formed by two convex sections with different radii R1, R2 merging into one another. In the contact area, the mounting position shown here, the angle between the inclined surface and the horizontal is about 60 °. Due to the angle of the inclined surface, a later release of the connection, that is lifting the panel can be facilitated.

Damit die Feder 16 besser auf der Nutwange 18 der Nut 17 auflaufen kann, ist eine vordere untere Ecke der Feder 16 mit einer Fase 20 versehen. Eine Fase 21 ist ebenfalls im Bereich der oberen Nutwange der in der Bildebene rechten Nut 17 zu erkennen. Diese Fase 21 und eine Vertiefung 22 in der gegenüberliegenden Seite 6 des ersten Paneels 1 ermöglichen, dass etwaige Verschmutzungen nicht zu einem Höhenversatz zwischen den Paneelen 1, 2 führen und in die Vertiefung 22 verlagert werden können.Thus, the spring 16 can accumulate better on the groove cheek 18 of the groove 17, a front lower corner of the spring 16 is provided with a chamfer 20. A chamfer 21 can also be seen in the region of the upper groove cheek of the right in the image plane 17. This chamfer 21 and a recess 22 in the opposite side 6 of the first panel 1 allow any contamination can not lead to a vertical offset between the panels 1, 2 and can be moved into the recess 22.

Die Paneele 1, 2 berühren sich nur an bestimmten Stütz- und Haltepunkten. Die Verriegelungsleiste 3 und der Kuppelwulst 5 berühren sich bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel nur in dem vorstehend beschriebenen Kontaktbereich 9. Allerdings sind die verbleibenden Freiräume zwischen der Verriegelungsleiste 3 und dem Kuppelwulst 5 so kleine Spalte, dass bei einer extremen Vertikalbelastung auch eine Berührung nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann, was auf die begrenzte Elastizität der Werkstoffe zurückzuführen ist. Durch die Freiräume können zudem Fertigungstoleranzen ausgeglichen werden.The panels 1, 2 touch only at certain support and holding points. The locking strip 3 and the dome 5 touch in this embodiment, only in the above-described contact area 9. However, the remaining space between the locking bar 3 and the Kuppelwulst 5 are so small column that with an extreme vertical load and a touch can not be excluded due to the limited elasticity of the materials. Due to the free space also manufacturing tolerances can be compensated.

Es ist in der Darstellung ferner zu erkennen, dass eine mit unterbrochener Linie eingezeichnete Vertikalebene V in der Ebene einer Vorderkante 25 der Auflagerleiste 11 verläuft. Ferner ist zu erkennen, dass eine äußerste Spitze 26 des Kuppelwulstes 5 bzw. der unteren Nutwange 18 sich nicht über diese Vertikalebene V in Richtung zum benachbarten Paneel 1 erstreckt. Vorzugsweise liegt die Spitze 26 in der Bildebene eher weiter rechts als links von der Vertikalebene V, damit beim Herunterschwenken des in der Bildebene rechten Paneels 2 auf das linke Paneel 1 der Kuppelwulst 5 bzw. die Spitze 26 des Kuppelwulstes 5 an der Vorderkante 25 der Auflagerleiste 11 vorbeigeführt werden kann. Es ist theoretisch auch möglich, dass die Spitze 26 des Kuppelwulstes 5 in der Verriegelungsposition etwas links von der Vertikalebene V liegt, was dadurch erreicht werden kann, dass das "obere" Paneel 2 im Kontaktbereich 9 der Verriegelungsleiste 3 abgleitet und sich in der Bildebene dadurch nach links verlagert. Das setzt aber immer voraus, dass die Stirnseiten 6, 10) der Paneele zunächst im Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind, der sich dann beim Verriegeln verkleinert. Allerdings ist in diesem Fall der zum Absenken des Paneels 2 notwendige Kraftaufwand durch die entstehenden Reibungskräfte etwas höher, als wenn die Spitze 26 reibungslos an der Vorderkante 25 der Auflagerleiste 11 vorbeigeführt werden kann.It can also be seen in the illustration that a vertical plane V drawn with a broken line runs in the plane of a front edge 25 of the support strip 11. It can also be seen that an outermost tip 26 the Kuppelwulstes 5 and the lower groove cheek 18 does not extend beyond this vertical plane V in the direction of the adjacent panel 1. Preferably, the tip 26 is located in the image plane rather to the right than to the left of the vertical plane V, so that when swinging down the right in the image plane panel 2 on the left panel 1 of the dome 5 and the top 26 of the Kuppelwulstes 5 at the front edge 25 of the support strip 11 can be passed. It is also theoretically possible for the tip 26 of the dome bulge 5 to lie somewhat to the left of the vertical plane V in the locking position, which can be achieved by sliding the "upper" panel 2 in the contact region 9 of the locking strip 3 and thereby moving in the image plane shifted to the left. However, this always presupposes that the end faces 6, 10) of the panels are initially arranged at a distance from each other, which then decreases when locking. However, in this case, the force required to lower the panel 2 force due to the resulting friction forces slightly higher than when the tip 26 can be smoothly passed past the front edge 25 of the support bar 11.

Die Darstellungen der Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen eine weitere Möglichkeit, wie die Paneele 1, 2 miteinander in Eingriff gebracht werden können. Das linke Paneel 1 ist bereits verlegt. Das rechte Paneel 2 wird im Winkel zur Verlegeebene, d.h. im Winkel zum verlegten Paneel 1 an dieses Paneel 1 herangeführt, bis sich die Paneele 1, 2 im Bereich ihrer Oberseiten an den Kanten berühren. Dieser Berührungspunkt bzw. diese Berührungslinie definiert den Drehpunkt D, bzw. die Drehachse, die mit der Dekorkante zusammenfällt. Im zweiten Schritt wird das rechte Paneel 2 um dem Drehpunkt D nach unten verschwenkt (Figur 3), wobei der Kuppelwulst 5 des rechten Paneels 2 vorbei an dem Kuppelwulst 8 der Verriegelungsleiste 3 in den Kuppelkanal 7 der Verriegelungsleiste 3 eingeführt wird. Gleichzeitig gleitet der Kuppelwulst 8 der Verriegelungsleiste 3 in den Kuppelkanal 4 des anderen Paneels 2 bis sich die Paneele 1, 2 im Kontaktbereich 9 abstützen.The representations of the FIGS. 2 and 3 show a further possibility of how the panels 1, 2 can be engaged with each other. The left panel 1 is already laid. The right panel 2 is at an angle to the laying plane, ie brought at an angle to the laid panel 1 to this panel 1 until the panels 1, 2 touch in the region of their tops at the edges. This contact point or this contact line defines the pivot point D, or the axis of rotation, which coincides with the decorative edge. In the second step, the right panel 2 is pivoted about the pivot point D down ( FIG. 3 ), wherein the Kuppelwulst 5 of the right panel 2 is introduced past the dome bulge 8 of the locking bar 3 in the dome channel 7 of the locking bar 3. At the same time, the dome bulge 8 of the locking strip 3 slides into the dome channel 4 of the other panel 2 until the panels 1, 2 are supported in the contact region 9.

Der Doppelpfeil in Figur 3 verdeutlicht, dass das rechte Paneel 2 nicht nur auf diese Weise verlegt sonder auch wieder angehoben werden kann, was selbst bei ausgefahrener Feder 16 möglich ist, wie sie in Figur 1c dargestellt ist.The double arrow in FIG. 3 illustrates that the right panel 2 not only laid in this way, but also can be raised again, which is possible even with extended spring 16, as in Figure 1c is shown.

Die Variante gemäß Figur 4 zeigt das horizontale Einfügen des rechten Paneels 2 in das linke, bereits verlegte Paneel 1. Die Paneele 1, 2 bleiben im wesentlichen parallel zueinander. Der Kuppelwulst 5 des rechten Paneels 2 wird leicht angehoben und vorbei an dem Kuppelwulst 8 der Verriegelungsleiste 3 in den Kuppelkanal 7 der Verriegelungsleiste 3 eingeführt. Der Kuppelwulst 8 der Verriegelungsleiste 3 gleitet in den Kuppelkanal 4 des anderen Paneels 2 bis sich die Paneele 1, 2 im Kontaktbereich 9 abstützen. Dann wird die Feder 16 verlagert. Die Feder 16 stört also auch nicht beim horizontalen Einschieben.The variant according to FIG. 4 shows the horizontal insertion of the right panel 2 in the left, already laid panel 1. The panels 1, 2 remain substantially parallel to each other. The Kuppelwulst 5 of the right panel 2 is slightly raised and introduced past the dome bulge 8 of the locking bar 3 in the dome channel 7 of the locking bar 3. The dome bulge 8 of the locking bar 3 slides into the dome channel 4 of the other panel 2 until the panels 1, 2 are supported in the contact area 9. Then the spring 16 is displaced. The spring 16 thus does not interfere with the horizontal insertion.

Bezugszeichen:Reference numerals:

11
- Paneel- panel
22
- Paneel- panel
33
- Verriegelungsleiste- locking strip
44
- Kuppelkanal- dome channel
55
- Kuppelwulst- dome bulge
66
- Seite- Page
77
- Kuppelkanal- dome channel
88th
- Kuppelwulst- dome bulge
99
- Kontaktbereich- Contact area
1010
- Seite- Page
1111
- Auflagerleiste- Support bar
1212
- Nut- groove
1313
- Oberseite- top
1414
- Unterkante- lower edge
1515
- obere Nutwange- upper groove cheek
1616
- Feder- Feather
1717
- Nut- groove
1818
- untere Nutwange- lower groove cheek
1919
- Oberseite- top
2020
- Fase- bevel
2121
- Fase- bevel
2222
- Vertiefung- Deepening
2323
- untere Nutwange- lower groove cheek
2424
- Oberseite- top
2525
- Vorderkante- front edge
2626
- Spitze- Top
2727
- obere Nutwange- upper groove cheek
DD
- Drehpunkt- Pivot point
KK
- Kontaktbereich- Contact area
PP
- Pfeil- arrow
P1P1
- Pfeil- arrow
R1R1
- Radius- radius
R1R1
- Radius- radius
VV
- Vertikalebene- vertical plane

Claims (18)

  1. Covering consisting of mechanically interconnectable panels, comprising the following features:
    a) adjacent first and second panels (1, 2) each have a groove (12, 17) on their complementary sides (6, 10),
    b) in the one groove (12) there is arranged a tongue (16), which can move relative to the panel (1) and is suitable for engaging in the other groove (17) of the adjacent panel (2) when the adjacent panels are connected (1, 2),
    c) the panel (1) holding the tongue (16) has a locking ledge (3) which engages below the adjacent panel (2) and is suitable for protecting adjacent panel (1, 2) against tensile forces in a laying plane,
    d) the panel (2) engaged from below by the locking ledge (3) is supported on both the locking ledge (3) and a bearing ledge (11), which is arranged at a greater distance from the locking ledge (3) than the one groove (12),
    e) the bearing ledge (11) engages in the same other groove (17) into which the tongue (16) can move.
  2. Covering according to claim 1, characterised in that atop side of the bearing ledge (11) is arranged at a distance from the top side (13) of the panel (1, 2), which distance is from 10 % to 35 % of a totalthickness of the panel (1, 2).
  3. Covering according to claim 1, characterised in that the bearing ledge (11) is arranged adjacent to the one groove (12).
  4. Covering according to claim 3, characterised in that a lower edge (14) of the bearing ledge (11) is part of an upper groove face (15) of the one groove (12).
  5. Covering according to claim 4, characterised in that the lower groove face (23) of the one groove (12) is shorter than the upper groove face (15) of the one groove (12).
  6. Covering according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a recess (22) is arranged in the side (6) of the panel (1), adjacent to the top side (24) of the bearing ledge (11).
  7. Covering according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that, at the narrowest point, the width of the other groove (17), into which the tongue (16) can move, is greater than 1.1 times the width of the tongue (16).
  8. Covering according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that a lower groove face (18) of the panel (2) that is engaged from below by the locking ledge (3) widens towards the groove opening.
  9. Covering according to claim 8, characterised in that the lower groove face (18) is rounded.
  10. Covering according to claim 9, characterised in that the lower groove face (18) is curved in an elliptical manner.
  11. Covering according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that a front tip (26) of the lower groove face (18) extends in the same vertical plane (V) as a front edge (25) of the bearing ledge (11).
  12. Covering according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the panels (1, 2) come into contact in a contact region (9) of the locking ledge (3), the contact region (9) being formed as an oblique surface which is at an angle of < 90° to the laying plane.
  13. Covering according to claim 12, characterised in that the angle is < 60°.
  14. Covering according to either claim 12 or claim 13, characterised in that the oblique surface is convex.
  15. Covering according to claim 14, characterised in that the convex oblique surface is formed of portions of different radii (R1, R2), which portions at least merge into one another.
  16. Covering according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that, in a locking position, the tongue (16) is twisted at least in part and is tensioned at the transition from the groove (12) of the first panel (1) to the other groove (17) of the second panel (2).
  17. Method for laying a covering having the features of claim 1, in which a plurality of panels (1, 2) to be laid in the composite structure are coupled to one another via locking ledges (3) arranged on their sides (10), so that adjacent panels (1, 2) come to engage with one another and the sides (6, 10) being locked against one another by tongues (16) inserted in grooves (12, 17), the sides (6, 10) only being locked when an additional panel (2) comes to engage with a previously laid panel (1) and thereby pushes a protruding end of the tongue (16) into the one groove (12), so that said tongue engages into the other groove (17) of the other panel (2) and locks the panels (1, 2) together, characterised in that the sides (6, 10) can be interconnected by each of the following three relative movements:
    a) the additional panel (2) is connected to the laid panel (1) by being horizontally slid in the direction of the laying plane, the additional panel slidinglyreaching the locking position via the locking ledge;
    b) an edge on the top side of the additional panel (2) is placed on one side (6) of a laid panel (1), the additional panel (2) pivoting about the edge and being moved into the locking position;
    c) the additional panel (2) is deposited from above on the locking ledge (3) of the laid panel (1), the grooves (12, 17) of the panels (1, 2) either being aligned in parallel during deposition or being at an angle to one another at the start of deposition, which angle is reduced during deposition, the pivot axis being located in the laying plane and extending perpendicular to the groove (12, 17).
  18. Method for disassembling a covering having the features of claim 1, in which a plurality of panels (1, 2) to be laid in the composite structure are coupled to one another via locking ledges (3) arranged on their sides (10), so that adjacent panels (1) are engaged with one another and the sides (6, 10) being locked against one another by tongues (16) inserted in grooves (12, 17), characterised in that, when the tongue (16) is drawn out and extends into the two grooves (12, 17), the panel that is engaged from below by the locking ledge (3) is pivoted about a top-side edge,adjacent to the panel (1) having the locking ledge (3).
EP10744855.7A 2009-07-27 2010-07-13 Covering comprising panels that can be connected to each other mechanically Active EP2459815B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL10744855T PL2459815T3 (en) 2009-07-27 2010-07-13 Covering comprising panels that can be connected to each other mechanically

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009034903A DE102009034903B3 (en) 2009-07-27 2009-07-27 Surface made of mechanically interconnectable panels
PCT/DE2010/000807 WO2011012105A1 (en) 2009-07-27 2010-07-13 Covering comprising panels that can be connected to each other mechanically

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2459815A1 EP2459815A1 (en) 2012-06-06
EP2459815B1 true EP2459815B1 (en) 2014-09-24

Family

ID=43034562

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10744855.7A Active EP2459815B1 (en) 2009-07-27 2010-07-13 Covering comprising panels that can be connected to each other mechanically

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9109366B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2459815B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102009034903B3 (en)
PL (1) PL2459815T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2011012105A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009034903B3 (en) 2011-01-20
EP2459815A1 (en) 2012-06-06
WO2011012105A1 (en) 2011-02-03
US9109366B2 (en) 2015-08-18
US20120174519A1 (en) 2012-07-12
PL2459815T3 (en) 2014-12-31

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