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EP2320002A1 - Holz-glas-strukturverbundplatte und herstellungsverfahren dafür - Google Patents

Holz-glas-strukturverbundplatte und herstellungsverfahren dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2320002A1
EP2320002A1 EP09727148A EP09727148A EP2320002A1 EP 2320002 A1 EP2320002 A1 EP 2320002A1 EP 09727148 A EP09727148 A EP 09727148A EP 09727148 A EP09727148 A EP 09727148A EP 2320002 A1 EP2320002 A1 EP 2320002A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
timber
glass
boards
structural
substructure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09727148A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2320002B1 (de
Inventor
José Manuel BOTAS PEQUENO
Paulo Jorge De Sousa Cruz
José Alberto LEAL PACHECO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Domingos Da Silva Teixeira Sa
Universidade do Minho
Original Assignee
Domingos Da Silva Teixeira Sa
Universidade do Minho
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Domingos Da Silva Teixeira Sa, Universidade do Minho filed Critical Domingos Da Silva Teixeira Sa
Publication of EP2320002A1 publication Critical patent/EP2320002A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2320002B1 publication Critical patent/EP2320002B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
    • E04C2/543—Hollow multi-walled panels with integrated webs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2002/3488—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by frame like structures

Definitions

  • Glass which is tempered, laminated, coloured, with thermal and acoustic control, curved, U-profiled (described, for example, in US6546690 ), photovoltaic, prismatic, bonded exterior glass or fastened exterior glass are just some of the types or variants of glass which currently constitute the state of the art of this material.
  • Resistant structural glass has mainly been deployed in linear elements as is the case of beams or columns. In the latter glass is tested on its own or in conjunction with other materials.
  • Several examples are available such as the studies undertaken by De La Rochefocault and Manisse Olivier (when studying resistant elements in glass and their affixation system and connections - W02006128887 ), by Seele GMBH & CO (when developing a metal-glass composite column for supporting building façade- DE102006044649 ), by Ulrich Knaack (also for the support and self-restraining of glass façades - DE19651444 ) by the Technological University of Delft (when strengthening glass beams with metal), by Michel Palumbo (when strengthening glass beams with carbon fibres and in other complementary safety studies - WO03023162 ), by the Technological University of Graz through Bernard Freytag (with concrete-glass composite beams), by the University of Dortmund in conjunction with RWTH Aachen (with mixed metal-glass beams), or finally EPFL of Laus
  • the later has been shown as the only case conjugating glass and timber, but referring to a linear element instead of a surface element, in other words, without the capacity to be constituted autonomously as a construction system.
  • the glass only works structurally in residual fashion, bearing in mind that it is not laminated, with the timber ensuring the whole safety margin required for this construction element.
  • the connection between timber and glass is achieved by way of a rigid adhesive which immediately transmits the strains to the glass which makes the latter brittle.
  • the composite elements allow the best of the characteristics of two different materials to be brought together for a common purpose.
  • the timber assumes good bending behaviour, being ductile to compression, whilst the glass presents a very positive result in terms of the compression force.
  • a composite structural solution shall manage to incorporate, contextualise and glean the potential of the advantages put forward, which can be observed in the results obtained from the tests of the present invention.
  • the bonding system of timber and glass elements uses an acrylic bi-adhesive tape which merely seeks to ensure the positioning between the glass and the timber and which, as it is unnecessary in this context, only allows low loads to be borne. It is thus an adhesive bonding system which simply would not withstand heavy structural situations as occurs with the current invention.
  • the sole structural function of timber is the definition of the positioning of the glass, with solely the latter withstanding the transmission of forces in the structure by way of axial forces, with the specific detail that all the parts are different from each other.
  • Yoshiaki Amino with the technical support of Jan Hamm, developed a family residence in Fuji in Japan where the outdoor shutters are made up of a wooden frame to which a glass sheet is stuck on the exterior. Contrarily to the usual door and window frame system, the glass pane ends up working as a timber protector, though it does not bestow a structural role on the building, and it is not even clear whether it could do so, with the structural system of the building in question being porticoed in a beam column, thus constituting a traditional system, far removed from the new, contemporary tectonics of wooden construction.
  • the "Multifunctional glazing prototype for composite insulating glass unit with integrated solar shading" by Jan Wurm refers to a panel system integrating a shading system. However, its structural use is very limited, resisting at a low load capacity and, as a result of the low thickness, preventing the integration of other functionalities, with the shading itself proving ineffective - this prototype by Jan Wurm also has the basic difference that it is not glass-timber, but rather glass-carbon fibre.
  • the Walch Window 04 uses the adhesive bonding system as the central element in the union between the timber and the exterior glass that protects it, slightly similar to that which occurs with the Amino project which has already been mentioned herein. However, the glass does not exercise any structural function.
  • the challenge is the fact that the adhesive combines resistance and flexibility in view of the basic differences between glass (fragile) and timber (ductile under compression) which allows an even distribution of forces, the reduction in the fragility of the glass preventing boreholes and occasional tensions on the glass surfaces.
  • the characteristics of the new proposed panels allow integrating passive solar systems and bioclimatic, eco-efficient principles. These objectives are only possible by dint of the transparency that the glass affords and the natural lighting it conveys, in the case in point being combined with its structural aspect, transforming the product into a constructible "skin".
  • elements with a major thermal storage capacity is interesting, such as concrete, exposed to the south and accumulating energy, subsequently releasing it into the interior of the space as proposed by the "ventilated Trombe wall”
  • this is not compatible with prefabricated constructions endowed with light, luminous features such as those desired in the present invention.
  • This obstacle is overcome by the inclusion of gabions introduced into the spacing between the timber boards incorporated into the innovative structure of the present invention.
  • the present construction solution in addition to the advantages of combining glass-timber in structural fashion, natural lighting and translucidity, it has a range of features which, when combined with each other, set it apart in terms of innovation:
  • the composite timber-glass structural panel put forward by the present invention constitutes the basis for a new construction system wherein these constituent materials, by dint of the way in which they are combined, simultaneously assume a functional, aesthetic and structural nature.
  • This particular feature places this product in the joint field of engineering and architecture, in the specific field of innovative construction technologies both in new buildings and in the rehabilitation of existing buildings.
  • This system is made up of a timber substructure which dictates the size of the panels. It is made up of solid timber boards arranged in parallel, interspersed by timber blocks, which are also solid, and at a constant height. Three blocks are always placed between the two boards: two at the ends and one half way along the span. All these parts are drilled beforehand such that, when aligning each block, two threaded steel bars can be introduced. These bars allow the final affixation and the mechanical adjustment of the timber substructure.
  • a glass pane is stuck with around the same length as said substructure.
  • the characteristics of the two structural glass panes differ from each other depending on whether they are located in the interior or in the exterior.
  • single laminated glass is deployed.
  • double-glazing should be used comprising a single laminated glass pane on the interior side and a tempered glass pane on the exterior side.
  • the adhesive bonding of glass to timber is carried out in all of the exposed area on the side faces of the timber boards.
  • the glass is only placed as from the second board, inclusive.
  • This solution requires the placement of small parts arranged transversally between the first and second boards with the main purpose of distributing the loads in an area in which the glass will not have a structural function.
  • sliding door and window frames are placed on both sides of the panel whose purpose shall be the possibility of inner ventilation of the panel.
  • the standard panel by way of example, has a total size of 3200 mm in length, 1600 mm wide and is 220 mm thick. Worthy of special mention as regards this size is the proportion of 1 ⁇ 2 between length and width which enables the possibility of different combinations. Notwithstanding, and as a way of complementing the range of applications of this system, there are other dimensions as is the case of panels measuring 2600 x 1600 mm, or 1600 x 1600 mm. Other panel thicknesses are also possible.
  • the timber substructure - in the specific case, and for cost-effectiveness purposes, of resinous timber such as Scots pine, Pinus Sylvestris - is mainly made up - in the total proportion of eight out of eleven units - of 30 mm thick boards, with the sole exception being the last and the first two boards which incorporate different thicknesses.
  • the solid timber boards (1) in a standard situation which is 220 mm wide and 3200 mm long (and with shafts going lengthwise in the part), are arranged in parallel and inter-spaced by way of solid timber blocks (2) at a constant height of 120 mm which constitutes said spacing.
  • All these elements are drilled beforehand (with boreholes whose diameter is of 14 mm) such that, when aligning each block, two M12 threaded steel bars (3) can be introduced.
  • These bars there being a total of six per panel, allow the final affixation and mechanical adjustment of the timber substructure using a dynamometric wrench which controls the tightening strength for washers and bolts which, introduced at low levels carried out on the exterior faces of the two boards placed at the end of the panel, ensure their alignment vis-a-vis the exterior plane of the timber parts.
  • the three timber boards whose thickness varies with regard to the usual 30 mm, are the first, second and last, respectively, measuring 115, 55 and 15 mm. Of the latter, the first two may suffer some variations in thickness - and this may cause the second to maintain the same 30 mm as the majority should the panel be serving as a slab - so as to adjust the adaptation of each panel to the context in which it is used.
  • these first two boards in the case of the panel to which they belong, serving as a vertical load-bearing element (structural wall) - having twenty 30 mm grooves throughout the width of the boards with a depth of 15 mm and inter-spaced 120 mm, so as to fit between them a total of twenty small timber boards (4) with dimensions of 125 x 220 x 30 mm, positioned transversally - just like the direction of their shafts - with regard to the two aforementioned boards.
  • the main function of these smaller parts is the distribution of loads in an area in which the glass shall not have a structural function as shall be looked at below.
  • the panel serves as a load-bearing wall, for there to be a series of grooves with a depth of 50 mm - 120 mm apart and with a width of 30 mm - on its exterior face, so as to receive the slotting of other panels situated perpendicularly to said panel, to wit when serving as a slab.
  • each pane of glass shall always have a size which coincides with the working length of the panel (15) on each of its faces - interior and exterior -, which in a standard situation corresponds to 3200 mm.
  • the width of said panes of glass may vary between 1515 mm - in the case of a horizontal structural element (slab) - or 1375 mm - should it serve as a load-bearing vertical element (structural wall).
  • This operation of the panel as a resistant vertical element ensures the possibility of operating in two different positions: in the first, suitable for Southward orientations, the positioning of the boards is horizontal (16a, 16b and 16c) (with the blocks serving as columns); in the second, particularly designed for Eastward and Westward orientations, the boards are arranged vertically (with the latter serving as columns) (17a and 17b).
  • This is precisely the same panel but turned 90°, attesting to part of its multifunctionality which can only be attained based on its structural versatility.
  • the two structural glass panes differ from each other by dint of the fact that they are in the interior or in the exterior. In the interior, single laminated glass is deployed - in the trials carried out, glass measuring 6 + 6 mm - with an edge was always tested.
  • double-glazing shall be deployed comprising a single laminated glass pane (similar to the interior) on the interior face and a temperate glass pane (13) on the exterior face.
  • This solution allows this exterior glass to work both as a structural element - by means of the laminated glass - and as a functional element during thermal and acoustic control and control of humidity which is harmful to timber - by means of the double-glazing solution.
  • temperate glass is being used on the exterior face allows a substantial increase in the resistance thereof to mechanical impact and also the assurance of safety as regards the thermal amplitude registered on the exterior face of the glass, something which is particularly relevant with glass of major dimensions.
  • the exterior glass shall also foresee on the interior faces between the two panes, and on the precise projection of the adhesive bonding areas, a serigraphic black bar, with a view to protecting the adhesive connection of the ultraviolet radiation and preventing the viewing of any adhesive bonding imperfections.
  • An important aspect is the possibility of the exterior laminated glass being photovoltaic, combining the structural function with the active energy function.
  • the adhesive bonding of the glass to the timber is carried out in the vast majority of the area exposed on the side faces of the timber boards.
  • Its purpose shall be to prevent the adhesive from spreading beyond said board, safeguarding the quality of the final finishing.
  • the fact that the tape is bi-adhesive allows bonding to the timber and to the glass in effective fashion.
  • the fact that it is spongy ensures that the air can be expelled and allows its crushing until the final adjustment at the height of the glue line.
  • the adhesive bonding area thus corresponds to 20 mm x 3200 mm on both sides of each board.
  • the exceptions to this rule are only the final board - which is only 15 mm and thus undergoes sticking throughout its width -, the second board - where the sticking is carried out throughout the length of the part, but along a constant width of 40 mm as it is a sensitive load distribution area - and on the first board which, as it is 115 mm thick, the glass is only stuck to it over 30 mm of its thickness face and only when the panel serves as a slab. This is because in situations where the panel serves as a structural wall, the glass is only stuck as from the second board, inclusive.
  • This solution in place between the first and second boards - and in the projection of the set of twenty small timber boards with dimensions of 125 x 220 x 30 mm referred to above -, allows sliding door and window frames to be introduced here on both sides of the panel whose purpose shall be the possibility of interior ventilation of the panel.
  • These door and window frames which may be made of aluminium, shall allow the inclusion of an interior (6) and exterior (14) window, and form an integral, essential part of the passive solar system which integrates this panel.
  • This window opening and closing exercise shall be responsible for controlling the flow and movement in the natural circulation of air via the interior of the air lock to be found at the panel.
  • the natural position shall be that of closing the interior spans and opening the exterior ones, allowing the circulation of air so as to refresh the thermal mass which shall be inserted in the panel; in the Winter, the natural position of the spans shall be the opposite which will allow natural heating system inside the habitable space and, simultaneously, protection of the timber parts by way of the waterproofing provided by the exterior glass (12).
  • the face shall thus have fenestration at the top and another at its base, allowing the effective operation of the idealized bioclimatic system.
  • an effective air lock where said air can circulate fluidly, as well as the existence of an element with enough thermal mass to be assumed as a thermal accumulator.
  • there shall be small gabions (11) - comprising, for example, stone from the region where the construction is eventually carried out, and with granolumetry which allows suitable luminic permeability -, prefabricated with a constant size of 120 x 120 x 1450 mm.
  • This small space shall be completed by translucid thermal insulation (9) - as with the capillarity of the Okalux system and with thickness of 20 mm - which shall allow optimising the thermal performance of the product, as well as the protection of the interior glass by way of stone abrasion.
  • the gabions have a vertical projection of 120 mm, they must be 80 mm away from the interior face of the exterior glass: this interval shall constitute the aforementioned air lock - it should be noted that this 80 mm protuberance by the exterior face of the boards with regard to the exterior face of the gabions is vital so that in the Summer, contrarily to that which occurs in Winter when the Sun is lower in the sky, the timber parts exercise a necessary shading effect on the stones.
  • the timber boards In complementary fashion, and so that the air lock is fully operational, the timber boards must be, throughout their length and for a width equivalent to 80 mm on the exterior side, crossed by numerous small holes (10) which are 5 mm in diameter and 25 mm apart from each other, carried out in the workshop on a CNC machine. Said holes shall be proven not to constitute any reduction in the mechanical resistance of the whole, but rather make the necessary circulation of air feasible.
  • a metallic, stainless steel mesh shall be affixed onto a metallic guide attached to the upper board of the façade - of the Haver & Boecker type, for example - with standard dimensions of 2970 x 3200 mm. It shall serve the purpose of complementing the shading required by this system in the Summer.
  • the latter shall also be prefabricated and capable of incorporating systems for slotting and affixation between each other, insofar as they shall be inserted within the panels, to wit inside the spaces which are to be filled by the gabions. Under normal circumstances, the tubes shall pass inside the gabions adapted to receive them at the course to be found between the 2 nd and 3 rd boards.
  • a press shall exert the force suitable for the union between the elements, in such a way that the thickness of the glue line is between 2 and 3 mm.
  • the process shall subsequently be repeated for the other glass pane and the other side of the panel, but not without waiting for 72 hours. Self-evidently, when placing the gabions and the thermal insulation inside the panels, this will have to be carried out before bonding the second glass pane which shall always be the exterior glass. After bonding the second glass pane, the panel shall be put away for 2 weeks, fully supported on a horizontal surface until it can be handled. Only then can the sliding frames be assembled at the interior and exterior tops and bases, where applicable.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
EP09727148A 2008-04-03 2009-04-02 Holz-glas-strukturverbundplatte und herstellungsverfahren dafür Not-in-force EP2320002B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT104012A PT104012B (pt) 2008-04-03 2008-04-03 Painel estrutural misto madeira-vidro e seu processo de produção
PCT/IB2009/005158 WO2009122269A1 (pt) 2008-04-03 2009-04-02 Painel estrutural misto madeira-vidro e seu processo de produção

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2320002A1 true EP2320002A1 (de) 2011-05-11
EP2320002B1 EP2320002B1 (de) 2011-10-26

Family

ID=40910002

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09727148A Not-in-force EP2320002B1 (de) 2008-04-03 2009-04-02 Holz-glas-strukturverbundplatte und herstellungsverfahren dafür

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2320002B1 (de)
CN (1) CN102046897A (de)
AT (1) ATE530720T1 (de)
PT (1) PT104012B (de)
WO (1) WO2009122269A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014033261A1 (de) * 2012-09-03 2014-03-06 Gerhard Seele Konstruktionselement und verfahren zur herstellung eines konstruktionselements

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT104073B (pt) 2008-05-21 2010-03-09 Univ Do Minho Sistema estrutural porticado misto madeira-vidro e seu processo de produção
ES2538041B1 (es) * 2013-12-16 2016-04-18 Asoc. De Investigación Y Desarrollo En La Industria Del Mueble Y Afines (Aidima) Método para la fabricación de vidrio laminado con chapa de madera modificada y su uso en edificaciones
ES2538032B1 (es) * 2013-12-16 2016-04-12 Asoc. De Investigación Y Desarrollo En La Industria Del Mueble Y Afines (Aidima) Método para la fabricación de vidrio laminado con chapa de madera natural y su uso en edificaciones
CN107395611A (zh) 2017-08-07 2017-11-24 成都牵牛草信息技术有限公司 系统中对授权操作者进行授权的方法

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GB801790A (en) * 1956-06-14 1958-09-24 George Ingram Improvements in heat-insulating panels
CH362202A (de) * 1958-08-21 1962-05-31 Waelli Ernst Lichtdurchlässiges, plattenförmiges Bauelement
DE4207752A1 (de) 1992-03-12 1993-09-16 Holzbau Amann Gmbh Holzbautafel
US5828494A (en) * 1994-05-18 1998-10-27 Stremple; Paul R. Glass panel unit for refracting and dispersing light
DE19521027A1 (de) 1994-06-23 1996-08-01 Wellsteg Ag WELLSTEG-"Kammern-Element" (WE-KA-EL)
DE19651444C2 (de) 1996-12-11 2000-01-05 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh Bauteil aus einem Fachwerkträgersystem
US6134842A (en) * 1997-04-03 2000-10-24 Cheng; Chi Integrated window/light shelf system
EP1058760B1 (de) 1998-02-24 2004-01-14 GLASFABRIK LAMBERTS GMBH & CO. KG Glasbauelement zum bilden eines vorzugsweise selbsttragenden wand-, dach- oder deckenabschnitts oder -elements
FR2775710A1 (fr) * 1998-03-05 1999-09-10 Everlite Concept Sa Cassette polycarbonate pour couverture ou paroi
ITBS20010068A1 (it) 2001-09-12 2003-03-12 Michel Palumbo Elemento strutturale trasparente a sicurezza incrementata
AT5985U1 (de) 2001-11-20 2003-02-25 Klh Massivholz Gesmbh Fertigteilbauelement
BE1016607A3 (fr) 2005-05-31 2007-02-06 Glaverbel Element structurel de construction en verre.
DE102006044649B3 (de) 2006-09-21 2007-11-29 Seele Gmbh & Co. Kg Hohles Bauelement als Stütze, Träger oder frei stehende Säule

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Title
See references of WO2009122269A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014033261A1 (de) * 2012-09-03 2014-03-06 Gerhard Seele Konstruktionselement und verfahren zur herstellung eines konstruktionselements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE530720T1 (de) 2011-11-15
EP2320002B1 (de) 2011-10-26
PT104012A (pt) 2009-10-06
CN102046897A (zh) 2011-05-04
WO2009122269A1 (pt) 2009-10-08
PT104012B (pt) 2010-03-31

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