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EP2399035A1 - Erosion indicator for a compressor wheel - Google Patents

Erosion indicator for a compressor wheel

Info

Publication number
EP2399035A1
EP2399035A1 EP10708305A EP10708305A EP2399035A1 EP 2399035 A1 EP2399035 A1 EP 2399035A1 EP 10708305 A EP10708305 A EP 10708305A EP 10708305 A EP10708305 A EP 10708305A EP 2399035 A1 EP2399035 A1 EP 2399035A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
erosion
compressor wheel
rib
wheel
web
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10708305A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2399035B1 (en
Inventor
Geoffroy Billotey
Olivier Descubes
Sylvain Gourdant
Olivier Tuot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Helicopter Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Turbomeca SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Turbomeca SA filed Critical Turbomeca SA
Priority to PL10708305T priority Critical patent/PL2399035T3/en
Publication of EP2399035A1 publication Critical patent/EP2399035A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2399035B1 publication Critical patent/EP2399035B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/289—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps having provision against erosion or for dust-separation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/30—Vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/80—Diagnostics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of compression stages of turbomachines, such as, for example, but not exclusively, aircraft turbine engines and, in particular, to the problem of wear of the constituent elements of these turboshaft engines. compression stages.
  • the present invention more specifically relates to one of these constituent elements, namely a centrifugal compressor wheel which comprises a hub, a web extending radially from the hub and carrying a plurality of blades.
  • a centrifugal compressor wheel which comprises a hub, a web extending radially from the hub and carrying a plurality of blades.
  • the adjectives "axial” and “radial” are considered with respect to the axis of rotation of the compressor wheel.
  • each of the blades extends between a leading edge and a trailing edge and has a lower surface and an upper surface.
  • the compressor wheel tends to erode due in particular to the ingestion particles, such as sand in the compression stage.
  • the recoil of the leading edges can lead to a degradation of the performance and the aerodynamic stability of the compressor, as well as a degradation of the mechanical strength of the blades.
  • the groove degrades the mechanical strength of the disk of the wheel. Erosion at the leading edge is easily detectable by conventional means (camera by the engine air inlet) and may be weaker than furrow erosion. It is therefore also necessary to control this type of erosion, and so that when the compressor wheel is too much eroded by this groove, it is necessary to change it. In general, the erosion profile is very thin and not very visible, so that it is difficult to estimate rapidly whether erosion is tolerable or not.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a centrifugal compressor wheel whose furrow-type erosion can be controlled quickly and simply.
  • the invention achieves its purpose by the fact that the web includes an indicator of erosion of the wheel.
  • the erosion witness is chosen so that when it is completely eroded, the level of erosion of the compressor wheel is such that it is necessary to replace it.
  • the erosion indicator erodes as the furrow is formed in the web of the compressor wheel.
  • the control is arranged in such a way that the erosion causes a decrease in the axial thickness of the haze and, therefore, of the erosion control.
  • the erosion indicator is located on an outer peripheral edge of the web, whereby the formation of the groove is easily controllable, and, in addition, the erosion control thus positioned does not disturb the flow of the in the compressor wheel.
  • the wear indicator comprises at least one rib projecting radially from a peripheral edge of the web, the rib having an axial thickness less than that of the web so as to form a step between a section of the web. rib and a surface of the veil from which the blades extend.
  • the rib has a radial height slightly greater than that of the associated blade, it being understood that radial height means the radial distance considered from the axis of rotation of the compressor wheel.
  • this rib constitutes a radial extra thickness of the peripheral edge of the web.
  • axial height means the distance between the flange of the rib and the inner surface of the sail carrying the blade. This axial height also corresponds to the difference between the axial thickness of the web taken at its peripheral edge and the axial thickness of the rib. Then, when all the walk has been eroded because of the formation of the furrow, the furrow begins to form on the side of the rib.
  • the inventors have found that the beginning of the erosion of the rib is particularly visible on the side of the rib, so that it is advantageously easy to identify the end of the erosion of the erosion control. .
  • the mechanic will know that it is necessary to replace the compressor wheel as soon as he has found a trace of erosion in the rib.
  • the axial height of the step is advantageously calibrated.
  • the step has an axial height between
  • the radial height of the rib is preferably between 0.5 and 3 mm.
  • the wear indicator may consist of one or more ribs.
  • a single rib extending along the circumference of the peripheral edge of the web will preferably be selected.
  • Such disassembly generally performed during a revision or a repair of the turbomachine, is usually long and expensive and, moreover, causes the grounding of the aircraft.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a compression stage of a turbomachine comprising a compressor wheel according to the invention, and to a casing provided with an inlet for allowing the introduction of a camera into the compression stage of the invention. to control the wear of the erosion witness.
  • the camera is an endoscope.
  • the present invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a compression stage according to the invention.
  • the turbomachine is a helicopter turbine engine or any other aircraft.
  • the present invention finally relates to a method for determining the erosion of a centrifugal compressor wheel of a turbomachine according to the invention, in which process an endoscope is introduced into the compression stage to control the wear of the control lamp. erosion of said wheel.
  • the endoscope is introduced through an opening made in the housing, preferably a boss, and then penetrates through the diffuser until it is possible to observe the peripheral edge of the veil and therefore the control panel. 'erosion.
  • monitoring the level of erosion can be done directly in service and no longer during an overall maintenance of the turbomachine.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a compressor wheel according to the invention comprising a wear indicator consisting of a rib extending along the circumference of the peripheral edge of the web;
  • Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of a compression stage showing a downstream end of the wheel of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial detailed view of Figure 2 showing the erosion indicator of the wheel of Figure 1 and a portion of a diffuser housing of the compression stage;
  • Figure 4 is a partial view of the trailing edge of a blade of the wheel of Figure 1 when said wheel is not eroded;
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a compressor wheel according to the invention comprising a wear indicator consisting of a rib extending along the circumference of the peripheral edge of the web
  • Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of a compression stage showing a downstream end of the wheel of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a partial detailed view of Figure 2 showing the erosion indicator of the wheel of Figure 1 and a portion of a diffuser housing of the compression stage
  • FIG. 5 is a partial view of the trailing edge of a blade of the wheel of FIG. 1 when said wheel is slightly eroded, the erosion control being partially consumed
  • FIG. 6 is a partial view of the trailing edge of a blade of the wheel of FIG. 1 when said wheel is severely eroded, the erosion witness being totally consumed
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a helicopter gas turbine having the compressor wheel of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a compressor wheel 10 that is usually found in helicopter gas turbines.
  • the present invention also applies to other types of turbomachine which comprise a compressor wheel.
  • the compressor wheel 10 comprises a hub 12 intended to cooperate with a drive shaft (not shown here) to drive the wheel 10 in rotation about its axis A.
  • a drive shaft not shown here
  • This compressor wheel 10 is intended to be mounted in a housing opposite a diffuser 11 of a compression stage 13 visible on Figure 7.
  • the compressor wheel 10 also comprises a web 14, better visible in FIG. 2, which extends radially from the hub 12.
  • the compressor wheel 10 carries a plurality of blades 16, each extending between a leading edge 16a and a trailing edge 16b. It is also known that these blades 16 are carried by the hub 12 and the web 14. As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, in this example, the leak edges 16b of the blades 16 are flush with a peripheral edge 22 of the web 14 .
  • the web 14 of the compressor wheel 10 comprises an erosion control 18 which, in this case, comprises a rib 20, preferably corn not necessarily unique, said rib 20 projecting radially from the edge peripheral 22 of the veil
  • the rib 20 has an axial thickness EN less than the axial thickness IV of the web so as to form a step M between a section 20a of the rib 20 and a surface S of the web 14 from where the blades 16 extend in other words, this step M constitutes a downward movement in the direction F of air flow in the compressor wheel 10.
  • the rib 20 is disposed at an axial end of the peripheral edge, which is opposite the surface S carrying the blades 16.
  • the rib 20 has a radial height HN preferably between 0.5 and 3 mm, so as to leave a radial clearance between the end of the rib 20 and the diffuser 11 of the compression stage 13.
  • This step 20 has an axial height HM preferably between 0.5 and 1.5 mm, the interest of which will be explained below.
  • the sail 14 When the wheel is not eroded, which is the case of a new wheel for example, the sail 14 has no erosion profile at the bottom of the blade as shown in FIG.
  • the groove 30, at the trailing edge 16b has a depth less than the axial height HM of the step M.
  • the step M is not completely eroded and the rib 20 was not attacked.
  • the wear of the compressor wheel 10 is still acceptable as long as the erosion has not attacked the rib 20.
  • the erosion control wear control 18 is advantageously carried out by means of a camera, preferably an endoscope 40, which is introduced through an inlet 42 of the housing 15 of the compression stage 13, in this case a boss, as shown schematically in Figure 7. The introduction of the endoscope 40 is performed through a radial diffuser 44 that is usually found in the compression stages.
  • the endoscope 40 makes it possible to observe and control the state of wear of the erosion witness 18 without requiring complete disassembly of the wheel 10.
  • the inventors have discovered that the beginning of the erosion of the rib 20, reflecting the total wear of the erosion witness 18, is easily detectable using the endoscope. Indeed, the disappearance of the step M associated with the erosion of the rib is easily seen.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a centrifugal compressor wheel (10) that comprises a hub (12), a web (14) radially extending from the hub and supporting a plurality of blades (16). The invention is characterised in that the web includes a wheel erosion indicator (18).

Description

Témoin d'érosion pour roue de compresseur La présente invention a trait au domaine des étages de compression des turbomachines, tels par exemple, mais non exclusivement, les turbomoteurs d'aéronefs et, notamment, au problème de l'usure des éléments constitutifs de ces étages de compression. The present invention relates to the field of compression stages of turbomachines, such as, for example, but not exclusively, aircraft turbine engines and, in particular, to the problem of wear of the constituent elements of these turboshaft engines. compression stages.

La présente invention concerne plus précisément l'un de ces éléments constitutifs, à savoir une roue de compresseur centrifuge qui comporte un moyeu, un voile s'étendant radialement depuis le moyeu et portant une pluralité de pales. Dans la suite, les adjectifs « axial » et « radial » sont considérés par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la roue de compresseur.The present invention more specifically relates to one of these constituent elements, namely a centrifugal compressor wheel which comprises a hub, a web extending radially from the hub and carrying a plurality of blades. In the following, the adjectives "axial" and "radial" are considered with respect to the axis of rotation of the compressor wheel.

Une telle roue de compresseur centrifuge, bien connue par ailleurs, participe avec un diffuseur radial à la compression de l'air qui entre axialement dans l'étage de compression, avant d'en sortir radialement. De manière connue, chacune des pales s'étend entre un bord d'attaque et un bord de fuite et présente un intrados et un extrados.Such a centrifugal compressor wheel, which is also well known, participates with a radial diffuser in the compression of the air which enters axially into the compression stage, before emerging radially therefrom. In known manner, each of the blades extends between a leading edge and a trailing edge and has a lower surface and an upper surface.

Lors du fonctionnement de l'étage de compression, notamment mais pas exclusivement lorsqu'il équipe un turbomoteur d'aéronef, telle une turbine à gaz d'un hélicoptère, la roue de compresseur tend à s'éroder à cause notamment de l'ingestion de particules, comme du sable dans l'étage de compression.During the operation of the compression stage, especially but not exclusively when it equips an aircraft turbine engine, such as a gas turbine of a helicopter, the compressor wheel tends to erode due in particular to the ingestion particles, such as sand in the compression stage.

Après plusieurs heures de fonctionnement, on constate généralement la présence de profils d'érosion, notamment un recul du bord d'attaque, et la formation d'un sillon en pied de pale du côté de l'intrados et s'étendant vers le bord de fuite. En d'autres termes, la présence d'un sillon à cet endroit de la roue résulte d'une érosion de cette dernière.After several hours of operation, it is generally found the presence of erosion profiles, including a recoil of the leading edge, and the formation of a furrow at the foot of the blade on the side of the intrados and extending towards the edge leak. In other words, the presence of a groove at this point of the wheel results from an erosion of the latter.

Le recul des bords d'attaque peut entraîner une dégradation des performances et de la stabilité aérodynamique du compresseur, ainsi qu'une dégradation de la tenue mécanique des pales. De plus, le sillon dégrade la tenue mécanique du disque du rouet. L'érosion en bord d'attaque est facilement détectable par des moyens classiques (caméra par l'entrée d'air du moteur) et il peut arriver qu'elle soit plus faible que l'érosion de type sillon. Il est donc aussi nécessaire de contrôler aussi ce type d'érosion, et si bien que lorsque la roue de compresseur est par trop érodée par ce sillon, il est nécessaire de la changer. Généralement le profil d'érosion est très fin et peu visible si bien qu'il est difficile d'estimer rapidement si l'érosion apparue est tolérable ou non.The recoil of the leading edges can lead to a degradation of the performance and the aerodynamic stability of the compressor, as well as a degradation of the mechanical strength of the blades. In addition, the groove degrades the mechanical strength of the disk of the wheel. Erosion at the leading edge is easily detectable by conventional means (camera by the engine air inlet) and may be weaker than furrow erosion. It is therefore also necessary to control this type of erosion, and so that when the compressor wheel is too much eroded by this groove, it is necessary to change it. In general, the erosion profile is very thin and not very visible, so that it is difficult to estimate rapidly whether erosion is tolerable or not.

Un but de Ia présente invention est de proposer une roue de compresseur centrifuge dont l'érosion de type sillon peut être contrôlée rapidement et simplement.An object of the present invention is to provide a centrifugal compressor wheel whose furrow-type erosion can be controlled quickly and simply.

L'invention atteint son but par le fait que le voile comporte un témoin d'érosion de la roue.The invention achieves its purpose by the fact that the web includes an indicator of erosion of the wheel.

Le témoin d'érosion est choisi de telle sorte que lorsqu'il est complètement érodé, le niveau d'érosion de la roue de compresseur est tel qu'il est nécessaire de la remplacer.The erosion witness is chosen so that when it is completely eroded, the level of erosion of the compressor wheel is such that it is necessary to replace it.

On comprend aussi que ce témoin d'érosion est bien visible de sorte qu'un mécanicien peut facilement et rapidement contrôler l'état d'usure de la roue de compresseur.It is also understood that this erosion witness is clearly visible so that a mechanic can easily and quickly check the state of wear of the compressor wheel.

Selon l'invention, le témoin d'érosion s'érode au fur et à mesure de la formation du sillon dans le voile de la roue de compresseur. De préférence, le témoin est arrangé de telle sorte que l'érosion entraîne une diminution de l'épaisseur axiale du voile et, donc, du témoin d'érosion.According to the invention, the erosion indicator erodes as the furrow is formed in the web of the compressor wheel. Preferably, the control is arranged in such a way that the erosion causes a decrease in the axial thickness of the haze and, therefore, of the erosion control.

De manière préférentielle, le témoin d'érosion est situé sur un bord périphérique extérieur du voile, grâce à quoi la formation du sillon est aisément contrôlable, et, de plus, le témoin d'érosion ainsi positionné ne perturbe pas l'écoulement de l'air dans la roue de compresseur.Preferably, the erosion indicator is located on an outer peripheral edge of the web, whereby the formation of the groove is easily controllable, and, in addition, the erosion control thus positioned does not disturb the flow of the in the compressor wheel.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, le témoin d'usure comprend au moins une nervure faisant radialement saillie depuis un bord périphérique du voile, la nervure présentant une épaisseur axiale inférieure à celle du voile de manière à former une marche entre un pan de la nervure et une surface du voile d'où s'étendent les pales.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the wear indicator comprises at least one rib projecting radially from a peripheral edge of the web, the rib having an axial thickness less than that of the web so as to form a step between a section of the web. rib and a surface of the veil from which the blades extend.

Autrement dit, la nervure présente une hauteur radiale légèrement plus grande que celle de la pale associée, étant entendu que par hauteur radiale, on entend la distance radiale considérée depuis l'axe de rotation de la roue de compresseur.In other words, the rib has a radial height slightly greater than that of the associated blade, it being understood that radial height means the radial distance considered from the axis of rotation of the compressor wheel.

En d'autres termes, cette nervure constitue une surépaisseur radiale du bord périphérique du voile.In other words, this rib constitutes a radial extra thickness of the peripheral edge of the web.

Lors de l'érosion de la roue, le sillon qui se forme en pied de pale tend à consommer axialement l'épaisseur du voile, notamment au bord de fuite. Il s'ensuit donc une érosion progressive de la marche selon sa hauteur axiale, étant précisé que par hauteur axiale on entend Ia distance entre Ie pan de la nervure et la surface intérieure du voile portant la pale. Cette hauteur axiale correspond aussi à la différence entre l'épaisseur axiale du voile prise en son bord périphérique et l'épaisseur axiale de la nervure. Puis, lorsque toute la marche a été érodée du fait de la formation du sillon, ce dernier commence à se former sur le pan de la nervure.During the erosion of the wheel, the furrow which forms at the foot of the blade tends to consume axially the thickness of the sail, especially at the trailing edge. It follows then a progressive erosion of the march according to its axial height, it being specified that axial height means the distance between the flange of the rib and the inner surface of the sail carrying the blade. This axial height also corresponds to the difference between the axial thickness of the web taken at its peripheral edge and the axial thickness of the rib. Then, when all the walk has been eroded because of the formation of the furrow, the furrow begins to form on the side of the rib.

Les inventeurs ont constaté que le début de l'érosion de la nervure est particulièrement visible sur le pan de la nervure, de sorte qu'il est, de manière avantageuse, aisé d'identifier la fin de l'érosion du témoin d'érosion. Ainsi, de manière particulièrement commode, le mécanicien saura qu'il est nécessaire de remplacer la roue de compresseur dès lors qu'il aura constaté une trace d'érosion dans la nervure.The inventors have found that the beginning of the erosion of the rib is particularly visible on the side of the rib, so that it is advantageously easy to identify the end of the erosion of the erosion control. . Thus, in a particularly convenient way, the mechanic will know that it is necessary to replace the compressor wheel as soon as he has found a trace of erosion in the rib.

Pour ce faire, la hauteur axiale de la marche est avantageusement calibrée. De préférence, la marche présente une hauteur axiale comprise entreTo do this, the axial height of the step is advantageously calibrated. Preferably, the step has an axial height between

0,5 et 1,5 mm.0.5 and 1.5 mm.

Par ailleurs, la hauteur radiale de la nervure est de préférence comprise entre 0,5 et 3 mm.Moreover, the radial height of the rib is preferably between 0.5 and 3 mm.

Selon l'invention, le témoin d'usure peut être constitué d'une ou plusieurs nervures. Cependant, on choisira de préférence une unique nervure s'étendant le long de la circonférence du bord périphérique du voile.According to the invention, the wear indicator may consist of one or more ribs. However, a single rib extending along the circumference of the peripheral edge of the web will preferably be selected.

Il faut ajouter que, jusqu'à présent, le contrôle de l'érosion de la roue de compresseur nécessite le démontage complet de la roue de compresseur.It should be added that, until now, erosion control of the compressor wheel requires complete disassembly of the compressor wheel.

Un tel démontage, opéré généralement lors d'une révision ou d'une réparation de la turbomachine, est Ie plus souvent long et coûteux et, au surplus, entraîne l'immobilisation au sol de l'aéronef.Such disassembly, generally performed during a revision or a repair of the turbomachine, is usually long and expensive and, moreover, causes the grounding of the aircraft.

La présente invention concerne en outre un étage de compression d'une turbomachine comportant une roue de compresseur selon l'invention, ainsi qu'un carter muni d'une entrée pour permettre l'introduction d'une caméra dans l'étage de compression de manière à contrôler l'usure du témoin d'érosion.The present invention furthermore relates to a compression stage of a turbomachine comprising a compressor wheel according to the invention, and to a casing provided with an inlet for allowing the introduction of a camera into the compression stage of the invention. to control the wear of the erosion witness.

Ainsi, grâce à l'invention, il n'est plus nécessaire de démonter la roue de compresseur pour contrôler son érosion dans la mesure où le mécanicien peut contrôler l'usure de la roue en pointant la caméra sur le témoin d'usure. En faisant tourner la roue de compresseur, le mécanicien peut contrôler aisément l'érosion produite par les sillons formés au pied de chacune des pales de la roue.Thus, thanks to the invention, it is no longer necessary to disassemble the compressor wheel to control its erosion insofar as the mechanic can control the wear of the wheel by pointing the camera at the wear indicator. By turning the compressor wheel, the mechanic can control easily the erosion produced by the grooves formed at the foot of each blade of the wheel.

De préférence, la caméra est un endoscope. La présente invention concerne aussi une turbomachine comportant un étage de compression selon l'invention. De préférence, la turbomachine est un turbomoteur d'hélicoptère ou de tout autre aéronef.Preferably, the camera is an endoscope. The present invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a compression stage according to the invention. Preferably, the turbomachine is a helicopter turbine engine or any other aircraft.

La présente invention concerne enfin un procédé de détermination de l'érosion d'une roue de compresseur centrifuge d'une turbomachine selon l'invention, procédé dans lequel on introduit un endoscope dans l'étage de compression pour contrôler l'usure du témoin d'érosion de ladite roue.The present invention finally relates to a method for determining the erosion of a centrifugal compressor wheel of a turbomachine according to the invention, in which process an endoscope is introduced into the compression stage to control the wear of the control lamp. erosion of said wheel.

Dans ce procédé, l'endoscope est introduit par une ouverture réalisée dans le carter, de préférence un bossage, puis pénètre à travers le diffuseur jusqu'à ce qu'il soit possible d'observer le bord périphérique du voile et donc le témoin d'érosion. Ainsi, grâce à ce procédé, le suivi du niveau d'érosion peut se faire directement en service et non plus à l'occasion d'une maintenance globale de la turbomachine.In this method, the endoscope is introduced through an opening made in the housing, preferably a boss, and then penetrates through the diffuser until it is possible to observe the peripheral edge of the veil and therefore the control panel. 'erosion. Thus, thanks to this method, monitoring the level of erosion can be done directly in service and no longer during an overall maintenance of the turbomachine.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit, d'un mode de réalisation indiqué à titre d'exemple non limitatif. La description se réfère aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une roue de compresseur selon l'invention comportant un témoin d'usure constitué par une nervure s'étendant selon la circonférence du bord périphérique du voile ; la figure 2 est une vue partielle en coupe d'un étage de compression représentant une extrémité aval de la roue de la figure 1 ; la figure 3 est une vue partielle détaillée de la figure 2 montrant le témoin d'érosion de la roue de la figure 1 et une portion d'un carter de diffuseur de l'étage de compression ; la figure 4 est une vue partielle du bord de fuite d'une pale de la roue de la figure 1 lorsque ladite roue n'est pas érodée ; Ia figure 5 est une vue partielle du bord de fuite d'une pale de la roue de la figure 1 lorsque ladite roue est légèrement érodée, le témoin d'érosion étant partiellement consommé ; la figure 6 est une vue partielle du bord de fuite d'une pale de la roue de la figure 1 lorsque ladite roue est sévèrement érodée, le témoin d'érosion étant totalement consommé ; et la figure 7 est une vue en coupe d'une turbine à gaz d'hélicoptère comportant la roue de compresseur de la figure 1. La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une roue de compresseur 10 que l'on trouve habituellement dans les turbines à gaz d'hélicoptère. Bien entendu, la présente invention s'applique également à d'autres types de turbomachine qui comportent une roue de compresseur.The invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear better on reading the description which follows, of an embodiment indicated by way of non-limiting example. The description refers to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a compressor wheel according to the invention comprising a wear indicator consisting of a rib extending along the circumference of the peripheral edge of the web; Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of a compression stage showing a downstream end of the wheel of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a partial detailed view of Figure 2 showing the erosion indicator of the wheel of Figure 1 and a portion of a diffuser housing of the compression stage; Figure 4 is a partial view of the trailing edge of a blade of the wheel of Figure 1 when said wheel is not eroded; FIG. 5 is a partial view of the trailing edge of a blade of the wheel of FIG. 1 when said wheel is slightly eroded, the erosion control being partially consumed; FIG. 6 is a partial view of the trailing edge of a blade of the wheel of FIG. 1 when said wheel is severely eroded, the erosion witness being totally consumed; and FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a helicopter gas turbine having the compressor wheel of FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a compressor wheel 10 that is usually found in helicopter gas turbines. Of course, the present invention also applies to other types of turbomachine which comprise a compressor wheel.

De manière connue, la roue de compresseur 10 comporte un moyeu 12 destiné à coopérer avec un arbre d'entraînement (non représenté ici) afin d'entraîner la roue 10 en rotation autour de son axe A. Dans la suite de la description, les adjectifs « radial » et « axial » seront considérés en référence à cet axe A. Cette roue de compresseur 10 est destinée à être montée dans un carter en vis-à-vis d'un diffuseur 11 d'un étage de compression 13 visible sur la figure 7.In known manner, the compressor wheel 10 comprises a hub 12 intended to cooperate with a drive shaft (not shown here) to drive the wheel 10 in rotation about its axis A. In the following description, the "Radial" and "axial" adjectives will be considered with reference to this axis A. This compressor wheel 10 is intended to be mounted in a housing opposite a diffuser 11 of a compression stage 13 visible on Figure 7.

La roue de compresseur 10 comporte également un voile 14, mieux visible sur la figure 2, qui s'étend radialement depuis le moyeu 12.The compressor wheel 10 also comprises a web 14, better visible in FIG. 2, which extends radially from the hub 12.

Par ailleurs, la roue de compresseur 10 porte une pluralité de pales 16, chacune s'étendant entre un bord d'attaque 16a et un bord de fuite 16b. Il est aussi connu que ces pales 16 sont portées par le moyeu 12 et le voile 14. Comme on le voit sur les figures 2 et 3, dans cet exemple, les bords de fuites 16b des pales 16 affleurent un bord périphérique 22 du voile 14.Furthermore, the compressor wheel 10 carries a plurality of blades 16, each extending between a leading edge 16a and a trailing edge 16b. It is also known that these blades 16 are carried by the hub 12 and the web 14. As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, in this example, the leak edges 16b of the blades 16 are flush with a peripheral edge 22 of the web 14 .

Conformément à la présente invention, le voile 14 de la roue de compresseur 10 comporte un témoin d'érosion 18 qui, en l'espèce, comporte une nervure 20, de préférence maïs non nécessairement unique, ladite nervure 20 faisant radialement saillie depuis le bord périphérique 22 du voileAccording to the present invention, the web 14 of the compressor wheel 10 comprises an erosion control 18 which, in this case, comprises a rib 20, preferably corn not necessarily unique, said rib 20 projecting radially from the edge peripheral 22 of the veil

14, à l'endroit du bord de fuite 16b de chacune des pales 16.14, at the location of the trailing edge 16b of each of the blades 16.

A l'aide des figures 2 et 3, on va maintenant décrire plus en détail Ie témoin d'usure 18 conforme à la présente invention. Comme on le voit sur ces figures, la nervure 20 présente une épaisseur axiale EN inférieure à l'épaisseur axiale IV du voile de manière à former une marche M entre un pan 20a de la nervure 20 et une surface S du voile 14 d'où s'étendent les pales 16, En d'autres termes, cette marche M constitue une marche descendante dans le sens F d'écoulement de l'air dans la roue de compresseur 10. Ainsi, la nervure 20 est disposée à une extrémité axiale du bord périphérique, qui est opposée à la surface S portant les pales 16.With the help of Figures 2 and 3, will now be described in more detail the wear indicator 18 according to the present invention. As seen in these figures, the rib 20 has an axial thickness EN less than the axial thickness IV of the web so as to form a step M between a section 20a of the rib 20 and a surface S of the web 14 from where the blades 16 extend in other words, this step M constitutes a downward movement in the direction F of air flow in the compressor wheel 10. Thus, the rib 20 is disposed at an axial end of the peripheral edge, which is opposite the surface S carrying the blades 16.

Par ailleurs, la nervure 20 présente une hauteur radiale HN comprise de préférence entre 0,5 et 3 mm, de manière à laisser un jeu radial entre l'extrémité de la nervure 20 et le diffuseur 11 de l'étage de compression 13.Furthermore, the rib 20 has a radial height HN preferably between 0.5 and 3 mm, so as to leave a radial clearance between the end of the rib 20 and the diffuser 11 of the compression stage 13.

Cette marche 20 présente une hauteur axiale HM comprise de préférence entre 0,5 et 1,5 mm, dont l'intérêt sera explicité ci-après.This step 20 has an axial height HM preferably between 0.5 and 1.5 mm, the interest of which will be explained below.

A l'aide des figures 4 à 6, on va maintenant expliquer comment le témoin d'érosion fonctionne.With the help of Figures 4 to 6, we will now explain how the erosion control works.

Ces figures montrent l'intrados de l'une des pales 16 à proximité de son bord de fuite 16b.These figures show the underside of one of the blades 16 near its trailing edge 16b.

Lorsque la roue n'est pas érodée, ce qui est le cas d'une roue neuve par exemple, le voile 14 ne présente aucun profil d'érosion en pied de pale comme cela est représenté sur la figure 4.When the wheel is not eroded, which is the case of a new wheel for example, the sail 14 has no erosion profile at the bottom of the blade as shown in FIG.

Après plusieurs centaines d'heures de fonctionnement, les particules charriées par l'écoulement d'air provoquent une érosion qui se traduit par l'apparition d'un sillon 30 en pied de pale du côté intrados I, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 5. La profondeur de ce sillon 30 augmente progressivement et tend à consommer l'épaisseur axiale IV du voile 14.After several hundred hours of operation, the particles carried by the air flow cause erosion which results in the appearance of a groove 30 at the bottom of the blade on the intrados I side, as shown in FIG. 5. The depth of this groove 30 increases gradually and tends to consume the axial thickness IV of the web 14.

Sur la figure 5, on constate que le sillon 30, en bord de fuite 16b, présente une profondeur inférieure à la hauteur axiale HM de la marche M. Autrement dit, dans cet état, la marche M n'est pas complètement érodée et la nervure 20 n'a pas été attaquée.In FIG. 5, it can be seen that the groove 30, at the trailing edge 16b, has a depth less than the axial height HM of the step M. In other words, in this state, the step M is not completely eroded and the rib 20 was not attacked.

De préférence, on considère que l'usure de la roue de compresseur 10 est encore acceptable tant que l'érosion n'a pas attaqué la nervure 20.Preferably, it is considered that the wear of the compressor wheel 10 is still acceptable as long as the erosion has not attacked the rib 20.

Dans un état plus avancé d'érosion, tel que celui représenté sur la figure 6, on constate que le sillon 30 a attaqué la nervure 20 de sorte que la marche M a disparu (au pied de la pale 16 du côté de l'intrados I). En d'autres termes, la profondeur du sillon 30 est supérieure à la hauteur axiale HM de la marche M. Dans cet état, le témoin d'érosion 18 est totalement érodé ce qui implique que la roue de compresseur 10 doit être changée. Conformément à la présente invention, le contrôle de l'usure du témoin d'érosion 18 se fait avantageusement à l'aide d'une caméra, de préférence un endoscope 40, qui est introduite à travers une entrée 42 du carter 15 de l'étage de compression 13, en l'espèce un bossage, comme cela est schématisé sur la figure 7. L'introduction de l'endoscope 40 est réalisée à travers un diffuseur radial 44 que l'on trouve habituellement dans les étages de compression.In a more advanced state of erosion, such as that shown in Figure 6, we see that the groove 30 attacked the rib 20 so that the step M has disappeared (at the foot of the blade 16 on the side of the underside I). In other words, the depth of the groove 30 is greater than the axial height HM of the step M. In this state, the erosion indicator 18 is completely eroded, which implies that the compressor wheel 10 must be changed. According to the present invention, the erosion control wear control 18 is advantageously carried out by means of a camera, preferably an endoscope 40, which is introduced through an inlet 42 of the housing 15 of the compression stage 13, in this case a boss, as shown schematically in Figure 7. The introduction of the endoscope 40 is performed through a radial diffuser 44 that is usually found in the compression stages.

Comme on le comprend à l'aide de la figure 2, l'endoscope 40 permet d'observer et de contrôler l'état d'usure du témoin d'érosion 18 sans nécessiter le démontage complet de la roue 10. En pratique, les inventeurs ont découvert que le début de l'érosion de la nervure 20, traduisant l'usure totale du témoin d'érosion 18, est aisément détectable à l'aide de l'endoscope. En effet la disparition de la marche M associée à l'érosion de la nervure se voit facilement.As can be understood from FIG. 2, the endoscope 40 makes it possible to observe and control the state of wear of the erosion witness 18 without requiring complete disassembly of the wheel 10. In practice, the inventors have discovered that the beginning of the erosion of the rib 20, reflecting the total wear of the erosion witness 18, is easily detectable using the endoscope. Indeed, the disappearance of the step M associated with the erosion of the rib is easily seen.

Pour résumé, lors du contrôle endoscopique du témoin d'érosion 18, de deux choses l'une : soit la marche M est encore présente et la nervure 20 ne présente pas de trace d'érosion, de sorte que la roue de compresseur 10 peut être encore utilisée, soit la marche M a disparu et la nervure 20 présente une trace d'érosion, auquel cas la roue doit être changée. To summarize, during the endoscopic control of the erosion witness 18, two things one: either the step M is still present and the rib 20 shows no trace of erosion, so that the compressor wheel 10 can still be used, the step M has disappeared and the rib 20 has a trace of erosion, in which case the wheel must be changed.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Roue (10) de compresseur centrifuge qui comporte un moyeu (12), un voile (14) s'étendant radialement depuis le moyeu et portant une pluralité de pales (16), ladite roue étant caractérisée en ce que le voile comporte un témoin d'érosion (18) de la roue (10), et en ce que le témoin d'érosion (18) comprend au moins une nervure (20) faisant radialement saillie depuis un bord périphérique (22) du voile à l'endroit du bord de fuite (16b) de l'une des pales (16), et en ce que la nervure (20) présente une épaisseur axiale (EN) inférieure à l'épaisseur axiale (EV) du voile (14) de manière à former une marche (M) entre un pan (20a) de la nervure et une surface (S) du voile (14) d'où s'étendent les pales.A centrifugal compressor wheel (10) which includes a hub (12), a web (14) extending radially from the hub and carrying a plurality of blades (16), said wheel characterized in that the web comprises a erosion indicator (18) of the wheel (10), and in that the erosion indicator (18) comprises at least one rib (20) radially projecting from a peripheral edge (22) of the veil at the location the trailing edge (16b) of one of the blades (16), and in that the rib (20) has an axial thickness (EN) smaller than the axial thickness (EV) of the web (14) so as to forming a step (M) between a portion (20a) of the rib and a surface (S) of the web (14) from which the blades extend. 2. Roue de compresseur centrifuge selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la marche (M) présente une hauteur axiale (HM) comprise entre 0,5 et 1,5 mm.Centrifugal compressor wheel according to Claim 1, characterized in that the step (M) has an axial height (HM) of between 0.5 and 1.5 mm. 3. Roue de compresseur centrifuge selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la hauteur radiale (EN) de la nervure (20) est comprise entre 0,5 et 3 mm.3. Centrifugal compressor wheel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radial height (EN) of the rib (20) is between 0.5 and 3 mm. 4. Roue de compresseur centrifuge selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la nervure (20) s'étend selon la circonférence du voile (14).4. Centrifugal compressor wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rib (20) extends along the circumference of the web (14). 5. Etage de compression (13) d'une turbomachine comportant une roue de compresseur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à5. A compression stage (13) of a turbomachine comprising a compressor wheel (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, ainsi qu'un carter (15) muni d'une entrée (42) pour permettre l'introduction d'un endoscope (40) dans l'étage de compression de manière à contrôler l'usure du témoin d'érosion.4, and a housing (15) provided with an inlet (42) to allow the introduction of an endoscope (40) into the compression stage so as to control the wear of the erosion witness. 6. Turbomachine comportant un étage de compression (13) selon la revendication 5.6. A turbomachine comprising a compression stage (13) according to claim 5. 7. Procédé de détermination de l'érosion de la roue de compresseur centrifuge d'un étage de compression selon la revendication7. Method for determining the erosion of the centrifugal compressor wheel of a compression stage according to the claim 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on introduit un endoscope (40) dans l'étage de compression (13) pour contrôler l'usure du témoin d'érosion (18) de ladite roue. 5, characterized in that an endoscope (40) is introduced into the compression stage (13) to control the wear of the erosion indicator (18) of said wheel.
EP10708305.7A 2009-02-19 2010-02-09 Erosion indicator for a compressor wheel Active EP2399035B1 (en)

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FR0951085A FR2942267B1 (en) 2009-02-19 2009-02-19 EROSION LAMP FOR COMPRESSOR WHEEL
PCT/FR2010/050205 WO2010094873A1 (en) 2009-02-19 2010-02-09 Erosion indicator for a compressor wheel

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RU2011138200A (en) 2013-03-27
WO2010094873A1 (en) 2010-08-26
FR2942267B1 (en) 2011-05-06
RU2516755C2 (en) 2014-05-20
PL2399035T3 (en) 2016-02-29
FR2942267A1 (en) 2010-08-20
ES2553761T3 (en) 2015-12-11
EP2399035B1 (en) 2015-10-14
KR20110122192A (en) 2011-11-09
CA2752487C (en) 2017-03-14
US8915711B2 (en) 2014-12-23
KR101706795B1 (en) 2017-02-14
CA2752487A1 (en) 2010-08-26
CN102326003B (en) 2014-09-03

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