EP2376615B1 - Automatic dishwashing detergent composition protecting colour - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a machine dishwashing detergent containing a color transfer inhibitor in the form of certain porous polyamide particles and / or synthetic phyllosilicate. It relates to uses of said color transfer inhibitors in connection with their use in an automatic dishwashing machine. It also relates to a machine dishwashing process.

If discoloration occurs in the course of machine dishwashing on plastic, this is usually the result of very color intensive foods, such as, for example, Curry, peppers, tomatoes, red cabbage, ketchup, carrots, etc., which are introduced in the form of leftovers in the dishwasher. Discolorations of the plastic, e.g. of plastic crockery, lead to dissatisfaction with the consumer, because the plastic crockery in question remains true on a purely functional level unimpaired, but appears many consumers as visually devalued, but at least disturbs the aesthetic sensibility.

The object of the present invention was therefore to make it possible to at least reduce the occurrence of discoloration on plastics in the course of automatic dishwashing as a result of colored food residues.

1. (a) porösen Polyamidpartikeln, welche
   • einen zahlenmittleren Partikeldurchmesser von 0,1 bis 100 µm,
   • eine spezifische Oberfläche nach BET (gemäß DIN 66131) von 5 m²/g oder mehr,
   • eine Ölabsorptionskapazität (boiled linseed oil) von 160 ml/100 g oder mehr,
   • eine Kristallinität (DSC-Messung) von 40% oder größer, und
   • einen Quotienten von volumenmittlerem Partikeldurchmesser zu zahlenmittlerem Partikeldurchmesser von 1,0 bis 1,5 aufweisen, und
2. (b) synthetischem Schichtsilikat (vorzugsweise Magnesiumsilikat, insbesondere Natrium-Magnesium-Lithium-Silikat), vorzugsweise mit einer mittleren Teilchengröße von 5 bis 800 nm, vorteilhafterweise 25 bis 500 nm, insbesondere von 100 bis 400 nm.

This object is solved by the subject matter of the invention. The invention relates to a machine dishwashing detergent containing a color transfer inhibitor in the form of

1. (a) porous polyamide particles which
   • a number average particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm,
   • a BET specific surface area (according to DIN 66131) of 5 m ² / g or more,
   • an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml / 100 g or more,
   • a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or greater, and
   • have a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to number-average particle diameter of 1.0 to 1.5, and
2. (B) synthetic phyllosilicate (preferably magnesium silicate, in particular sodium magnesium lithium silicate), preferably having an average particle size of 5 to 800 nm, advantageously 25 to 500 nm, in particular from 100 to 400 nm.

The layered silicate is in particular a phyllosilicate forming a colloidal gel in water. Sheet silicates suitable according to the invention are commercially available, for example Laponite® RD (Rockwood Additives Limited, UK) is particularly suitable. It is also possible to use mixtures of the synthetic sheet silicates.

• rote bis blaue Anthocyanfarbstoffe, wie z.B. Cyanidin, z.B. aus Kirschen oder Heidelbeeren,
• rotes Betanidin, z.B. aus der roten Beete,
• orangerote Carotinoide wie z.B. Lycopin oder beta-Carotin, z.B. aus Tomaten, Ketchup oder Möhren,
• gelbe Curcumafarbstoffe, wie z.B. Curcumin, z.B. aus Curry und Senf,
• braune Gerbstoffe, z.B. aus Tee, Obst, Rotwein
• tiefbraune Huminsäure, z.B. aus Kaffee, Tee, Kakao,
• grünes Chlorophyll, z.B, aus grünen Kräutern.

Surprisingly, it has been found that, in particular, the abovementioned porous polyamide particles make it possible to substantially prevent or significantly reduce the discoloration of plastic materials during the automatic dishwashing process. The change in the color impression of plastic dishes during its cleaning in an automatic dishwashing machine can be avoided or at least reduced. The transfer of dyes, resulting from colored food residues on plastic utensils when it is cleaned in an automatic dishwasher can be suppressed or at least reduced. Particularly effective, the transmission of the following dyes can be inhibited or at least reduced:

• red to blue anthocyanin dyes, such as cyanidin, for example from cherries or blueberries,
• red betanidin, eg from the red bed,
• orange-red carotenoids such as lycopene or beta-carotene, for example from tomatoes, ketchup or carrots,
• yellow curcuma dyes, such as curcumin, eg from curry and mustard,
• brown tannins, eg from tea, fruit, red wine
• deep brown humic acid, eg from coffee, tea, cocoa,
• green chlorophyll, for example, from green herbs.

It is conceivable that the polymer particles in the cleaning liquor located dye molecules by their large surface, which may be formed in particularly preferred cases dendritic or has a fractal geometry record, not return and thus prevent the deposition of the dyes on the plastic utensils or at least can reduce.

The already mentioned synthetic phyllosilicate (preferably magnesium silicate) can also prevent or reduce the discoloration of plastic materials during the automatic dishwashing process. In particular, white and light-colored plastic materials benefit from the invention.

The preparation of the porous polyamide particles can generally be carried out by mixing a solution of polyamide in a suitable solvent with a liquid phase in which polyamides are insoluble. Usually, the liquid phase is water-based, whereby it can be achieved by suitable further solvents that when mixing the liquids first of all a clear solution is formed, from which the polyamide particles precipitate. In particular, mixing ratios of polyamide solution to liquid phase of from 1 to 999 to 300 to 700, preferably from 2 to 998 to 250 to 750, have proven useful in the production.

Polyamide solutions can be provided, for example, with the solvents o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, chlorophenol, phenol or mixtures thereof. Formic acid has also proven itself.

The liquid phase in which polyamides are insoluble is preferably miscible with the aforementioned solvents and, moreover, water-miscible. Preferred liquid phases are aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ketones and mixtures of these. Methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and mixtures of these have proven particularly useful.

Preferably, mixtures of 10 to 98% by weight of aliphatic alcohols and / or ketones with 2 to 90% by weight of water can be used as the liquid phase from which the polyamide particles precipitate. For nucleation, the liquid phase may contain high molecular weight polyalkylene glycols, e.g. PEG or PPG, in amounts of, for example, 0.5 to 10 wt .-% (based on the liquid phase).

• werden aliphatische Alkohole und/oder Ketone und Wasser gleichzeitig aber getrennt voneinander zu einer Polyamidlösung gegeben oder
• wird eine zuvor bereitete Mischung aus aliphatischen Alkoholen und/oder Ketonen und Wasser zu einer Polyamidlösung gegeben oder
• werden aliphatische Alkohole und/oder Ketone zu einer Polyamidlösung gegeben, wonach Wasser hinzugefügt wird oder
• wird Wasser zu einer Polyamidlösung gegeben, wonach aliphatische Alkohole und/oder Ketone zugegeben werden oder
• wird eine Polyamidlösung zu einer zuvor bereiteten Mischung aus aliphatischen Alkoholen und/oder Ketonen und Wasser gegeben oder
• wird eine Polyamidlösung zu aliphatischen Alkoholen und/oder Ketonen und Wasser gegeben und anschließen Wasser hinzugefügt.

The order of mixing is not critical to the manufacturing process. In preferred method

• Aliphatic alcohols and / or ketones and water are simultaneously but separately added to a polyamide solution or
• a previously prepared mixture of aliphatic alcohols and / or ketones and water is added to a polyamide solution or
• Aliphatic alcohols and / or ketones are added to a polyamide solution, after which water is added or
• Water is added to a polyamide solution, after which aliphatic alcohols and / or ketones are added or
• a polyamide solution is added to a previously prepared mixture of aliphatic alcohols and / or ketones and water or
• Add a polyamide solution to aliphatic alcohols and / or ketones and water and then add water.

The formation of the porous polyamide particles by precipitation usually takes place in periods of 1 second to 2 hours and can be assisted by stirring. Preferably, the mixing of the liquids and formation of the particles takes place at temperatures of 5 to 70 ° C, more preferably at 15 to 60 ° C.

After the above period, the polyamide particles can be easily separated from the solvent mixture by decantation, filtration or centrifugation. This is preferably followed by washing with methanol and / or acetone and drying in vacuo.

Very particularly preferred processes for the preparation use a solution of polyamide 11 and / or polyamide 12 in phenol, which contains 0.1 to 50 wt .-% Polymaid (e) based on their weight. As the liquid phase in such preferred method, a mixture of ethanol (preferably 50 to 90 wt .-%, based on the liquid phase), ethylene glycol (preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the liquid phase) and glycerol (preferably 1 to 12% by weight, based on the liquid phase). The polyamide solution in phenol (preferably 30 to 70 wt .-%, based on the mixture), the liquid phase (preferably 40 to 65 wt .-%, based on the mixture) and polyethylene glycol and / or polypropylene glycol having molecular weights> 1000 daltons ( preferably 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, based on the mixture) are stirred together to form a mixture containing 0.05 to 20 wt .-% polyamide (e). This mixture, which ideally has a viscosity below 200 Pas, is stirred at 20 to 80 ° C, preferably at 25 to 65 ° C for 30 to 60 minutes.

The spherical porous polyamide particles produced by the above-described processes which are used in preferred embodiments of the invention usually have number average particle diameters of from 0.1 μm to 100 μm, preferably from 0.3 μm to 50 μm, in particular from 0.5 μm to 35 μm, eg 1 μm to 30 μm. The ratio of volume-average particle diameter (Dv) to number-average particle diameter (Dn), which is also called particle size distribution index (PDI = Dv / Dn), is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 1.3.

The porous polyamide particles have a BET specific surface area (according to DIN 66131) of 5 m ² / g or more. Particles which are particularly preferred according to the invention have a BET specific surface area (according to DIN 66131) of 5 m ² / g to 80 m ² / g, preferably of 6 m ² / g to 60 m ² / g and in particular of 7.5 m ² / g to 50 m ² / g. Very particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are characterized in that the porous polyamide particles have a BET specific surface area (according to DIN 66131) of 6 m ² / g or more, preferably 7 m ² / g or more and in particular 8 m ² / g or more.

Preferred porous polyamide particles have a porosity index RI (RI = S / S0, where S0 is the specific surface area, based on the number average particle diameter and the formula S0 = 6 / (ρ × Dn) in the ρ the density of the particles and Dn the number average Particle diameter, and where S is BET specific surface area) in the range of 3 to 100, more preferably in the range of 5 to 70.

The porous polyamide particles have an average pore diameter of 0.01 μm to 0.20 μm, particularly 0.02 μm to 0.1 μm, and a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or greater.

The standard enthalpy (or specific heat of fusion) of the porous polyamide particles is measured by DSC. In this case, the sample is heated under nitrogen atmosphere from room temperature (20 ° C) at a rate of increase of 5 ° C / min. The standard enthalpy is calculated from the area of the heat absorption peak between 120 ° C and 230 ° C. The crystallinity of the porous polyamide particles is the quotient of the measured specific heat of fusion and the standard enthalpy of crystalline polyamide, the latter for polyamide 12 being about 209 J / g.

With respect to the oil absorption capacity of the particles employable in the compositions of the invention, agents according to the invention are preferred in which the porous polyamide particles have an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml / 100 g or more, preferably 170 ml / 100 g or more.

The production of porous polyamide particles is also, for example, in the Japanese Patent Application 2,002 to 80,629 disclosed. Preferably, the porous polyamide particles are spherical.

While the porous polyamide particles are preferably incorporated into the subject wash solution as a component of a machine dishwashing detergent, the porous polyamide particles can readily be added separately to the wash solution by a machine dishwashing process, e.g. as an additive. The same applies to the usable synthetic phyllosilicate.

An agent according to the invention preferably contains from 0.05% by weight to 30% by weight, in particular from 0.5% by weight to 10% by weight, of the abovementioned porous polyamide particles.

If the synthetic phyllosilicate (preferably magnesium silicate) is used, an agent according to the invention preferably contains 0.05% by weight to 30% by weight, in particular 0.5% by weight to 10% by weight, of the synthetic phyllosilicate.

In particular, it is possible and advantageous to use both the porous polyamide particles and the synthetic phyllosilicate.

If desired, an agent according to the invention may, in addition to the active ingredients mentioned, additionally comprise a further, known color transfer inhibitor, then preferably in Amounts of 0.01 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 wt .-% to 1 wt .-%, contain. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, for example, a polymer of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylimidazole, vinylpyridine-N-oxide or a copolymer of these is used. Useful are both polyvinylpyrrolidones having molecular weights of from 15,000 to 50,000 and also polyvinylpyrrolidones having molecular weights of more than 1,000,000, in particular from 1,500,000 to 4,000,000, N-vinylimidazole / N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, polyvinyl oxazolidones, polyamine N-oxide Polymers, polyvinyl alcohols and copolymers based on acrylamidoalkenylsulfonic acids.

However, it is also possible to use enzymatic systems comprising a peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide or a substance which produces hydrogen peroxide in water. The addition of a mediator compound for the peroxidase, for example an acetosyringone, a phenol derivative or a phenotiazine or phenoxazine, is preferred in this case, with the above-mentioned conventional polymeric color transfer inhibiting agents can additionally be used.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone preferably has an average molecular weight in the range from 10 000 to 60 000, in particular in the range from 25 000 to 50 000, for use in compositions according to the invention. Among the copolymers, those of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole in a molar ratio of 5: 1 to 1: 1 having an average molecular weight in the range of 5,000 to 50,000, especially 10,000 to 20,000 are preferred.

The dishwashing agents according to the invention, which may be solid or liquid and may be in the form of homogeneous solutions or suspensions in powdered form, may in principle contain, in addition to the ingredients used according to the invention, all known ingredients customary in such agents, substances from the Group of builders, surfactants, polymers, bleach, bleach activators, enzymes, glass corrosion inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, disintegration aids, fragrances and perfume carriers are particularly preferred. These and other preferred ingredients will be described in more detail later.

1. (a) porösen Polyamidpartikeln, welche
   • einen zahlenmittleren Partikeldurchmesser von 0,1 bis 100 µm,
   • eine spezifische Oberfläche nach BET (gemäß DIN 66131) von 5 m²/g oder mehr,
   • eine Ölabsorptionskapazität (boiled linseed oil) von 160 ml/100 g oder mehr,
   • eine Kristallinität (DSC-Messung) von 40% oder größer, und
   • einen Quotienten von volumenmittlerem Partikeldurchmesser zu zahlenmittlerem Partikeldurchmesser von 1,0 bis 1,5 aufweisen,

zur Verhinderung der Verfärbung von Kunststoffmaterialien während des maschinellen Geschirrspülprozesses. Verhinderung der Verfärbung von Kunststoffmaterialien während des maschinellen Geschirrspülprozesses bedeutet hier, dass das Ausmaß der Verfärbung von Kunststoffmaterialien zumindest reduziert wird, im besten Falle die Verfärbung von Kunststoffmaterialien ganz unterdrückt wird.Another object of the invention is the use of

1. (a) porous polyamide particles which
   • a number average particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm,
   • a BET specific surface area (according to DIN 66131) of 5 m ² / g or more,
   • an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml / 100 g or more,
   • a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or greater, and
   • have a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to number-average particle diameter of 1.0 to 1.5,

for preventing discoloration of plastic materials during the automatic dishwashing process. Preventing the discoloration of plastic materials during the automatic dishwashing process here means that the extent of discoloration of plastic materials is at least reduced, in the best case, the discoloration of plastic materials is completely suppressed.

1. (a) porösen Polyamidpartikeln, welche
   • einen zahlenmittleren Partikeldurchmesser von 0,1 bis 100 µm,
   • eine spezifische Oberfläche nach BET (gemäß DIN 66131) von 5 m²/g oder mehr,
   • eine Ölabsorptionskapazität (boiled linseed oil) von 160 ml/100 g oder mehr,
   • eine Kristallinität (DSC-Messung) von 40% oder größer, und
   • einen Quotienten von volumenmittlerem Partikeldurchmesser zu zahlenmittlerem
   Partikel-durchmesser von 1,0 bis 1,5 aufweisen, zur Vermeidung der Übertragung von Farbstoffen, resultierend aus farbigen Lebensmittelrückständen, auf Kunststoffgeschirr bei dessen Reinigung in einer automatischen Geschirrspülmaschine. Vermeidung der Übertragung von Farbstoffen auf Kunststoffgeschirr bedeutet hier, dass das Ausmaß der Übertragung von Farbstoffen auf Kunststoffgeschirr zumindest reduziert wird, im besten Falle die Übertragung von Farbstoffen auf Kunststoffgeschirr ganz unterdrückt wird.

Another object of the invention is the use of

1. (a) porous polyamide particles which
   • a number average particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm,
   • a BET specific surface area (according to DIN 66131) of 5 m ² / g or more,
   • an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml / 100 g or more,
   • a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or greater, and
   • a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to the number average
   Have particle diameter of 1.0 to 1.5, to avoid the transfer of dyes resulting from colored food residues, on plastic utensils when cleaning in an automatic dishwasher. Avoiding the transfer of dyes to plastic dishes here means that the extent of the transfer of dyes to plastic dishes is at least reduced, in the best case, the transfer of dyes on plastic dishes is completely suppressed.

1. (a) porösen Polyamidpartikeln, welche
   • einen zahlenmittleren Partikeldurchmesser von 0,1 bis 100 µm,
   • eine spezifische Oberfläche nach BET (gemäß DIN 66131) von 5 m²/g oder mehr,
   • eine Ölabsorptionskapazität (boiled linseed oil) von 160 ml/100 g oder mehr,
   • eine Kristallinität (DSC-Messung) von 40% oder größer, und
   • einen Quotienten von volumenmittlerem Partikeldurchmesser zu zahlenmittlerem Partikeldurchmesser von 1,0 bis 1,5 aufweisen,

zur Vermeidung der Veränderung des Farbeindrucks von Kunststoffgeschirr bei dessen Reinigung in einer automatischen Geschirrspülmaschine. Vermeidung der Veränderung des Farbeindrucks von Kunststoffgeschirr bedeutet hier, dass das Ausmaß der Veränderung des Farbeindrucks zumindest reduziert wird, im besten Falle die Veränderung des Farbeindrucks ganz unterdrückt wird.Another object of the invention is the use of

1. (a) porous polyamide particles which
   • a number average particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm,
   • a BET specific surface area (according to DIN 66131) of 5 m ² / g or more,
   • an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml / 100 g or more,
   • a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or greater, and
   • have a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to number-average particle diameter of 1.0 to 1.5,

to avoid the change in the color impression of plastic dishes when it is being cleaned in an automatic dishwashing machine. Avoiding the change in the color impression of plastic dishes here means that the extent of the change in the color impression is at least reduced, in the best case, the change in the color impression is completely suppressed.

With regard to the usable porous polyamide particles as well as the synthetic synthetic phyllosilicate which can be used, the previous descriptions also apply to the aforementioned uses. This also applies to the following procedure.

1. (a) poröse Polyamidpartikel, welche
   • einen zahlenmittleren Partikeldurchmesser von 0,1 bis 100 µm,
   • eine spezifische Oberfläche nach BET (gemäß DIN 66131) von 5 m2/g oder mehr,
   • eine Ölabsorptionskapazität (boiled linseed oil) von 160 ml/100 g oder mehr,
   • eine Kristallinität (DSC-Messung) von 40% oder größer, und
   • einen Quotienten von volumenmittlerem Partikeldurchmesser zu zahlenmittlerem Partikel-durchmesser von 1,0 bis 1,5 aufweisen, und
2. (b) synthetisches Schichtsilikat (vorzugsweise Magnesiumsilikat, insbesondere Natrium-Magnesium-Lithium-Silikat), vorzugsweise mit einer mittleren Teilchengröße von 5 bis 800 nm, vorteilhafterweise 25 bis 500 nm, insbesondere von 100 bis 400 nm.

Another object of the invention is a method for automatic dishwashing with aqueous solutions, in which one uses an aqueous solution containing

1. (a) porous polyamide particles which
   • a number average particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm,
   • a BET specific surface area (according to DIN 66131) of 5 m2 / g or more,
   • an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml / 100 g or more,
   • a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or greater, and
   • have a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to number-average particle diameter of 1.0 to 1.5, and
2. (B) synthetic phyllosilicate (preferably magnesium silicate, in particular sodium magnesium lithium silicate), preferably having an average particle size of 5 to 800 nm, advantageously 25 to 500 nm, in particular from 100 to 400 nm.

The following describes possible ingredients which can be advantageously used in the machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention.

Advantageously, builders can be used. The builders include, in particular, the zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and, where there are no ecological prejudices against their use, also the phosphates.

Preference is given to using crystalline layered silicates of the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .yH ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 22, preferably from 1.9 to 4, where especially preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4, and y is a number from 0 to 33, preferably from 0 to 20. The crystalline layered silicates of the formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .yH ₂ O are sold, for example, by the company Clariant GmbH (Germany) under the trade name Na-SKS. Examples of these silicates are Na-SKS-1 (Na ₂ Si ₂₂ O ₄₅ .xH ₂ O, Kenyaite), Na-SKS-2 (Na ₂ Si ₁₄ O ₂₉ .xH ₂ O, magadiite), Na-SKS -3 (Na ₂ Si ₈ O ₁₇ .xH ₂ O) or Na-SKS-4 (Na ₂ Si ₄ O ₉ .xH ₂ O, Makatite).

Particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention are crystalline phyllosilicates of the formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .yH ₂ O, in which x is 2. In particular, both .beta.- and δ-sodium Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ · y H ₂ O, and further in particular Na-SKS-5 (α-Na ₂ Si ₂ O _5), Na-SKS-7 (.beta.-Na ₂ Si ₂ O _5, natrosilite), Na-SKS-9 (NaHSi ₂ O ₅ · H ₂ O), Na-SKS-10 (NaHSi ₂ O ₅ · 3 H ₂ O, kanemite), Na-SKS-11 ( t-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ) and Na-SKS-13 (NaHSi ₂ O ₅ ), but especially Na-SKS-6 (δ-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ).

Machine dishwashing detergents preferably contain a weight fraction of the crystalline layered silicate of the formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .yH ₂ O of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight and in particular of 0, 4 to 10 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of these agents.

It is also possible to use amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which preferably delayed release and have secondary washing properties. The dissolution delay compared with conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term "amorphous" is understood to mean that the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances in X-ray diffraction experiments, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays having a width of several degrees of diffraction angle , cause.

Alternatively or in combination with the abovementioned amorphous sodium silicates, it is possible to use X-ray-amorphous silicates whose silicate particles produce blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of the size of ten to a few hundred nm, with values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such X-ray amorphous silicates also have a dissolution delay compared to conventional water glasses. Particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.

In the context of the present invention, it is preferred that these silicate (s), preferably alkali metal silicates, particularly preferably crystalline or amorphous Alkalidisilikate, in the compositions in amounts of from 3 to 60 wt .-%, preferably from 8 to 50 wt. % and in particular from 20 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent are included.

Of course, a use of the well-known phosphates as builders is possible, unless such use should not be avoided for environmental reasons. Among the large number of commercially available phosphates, the alkali metal phosphates, with a particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), have the greatest importance in the washing and cleaning agent industry.

Alkali metal phosphates is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish metaphosphoric acids (HPO ₃ ) _n and orthophosphoric H ₃ PO _{4 in} addition to higher molecular weight representatives. The phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent lime deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and also contribute to the cleaning performance.

Technically particularly important phosphates are the pentasodium triphosphate, Na ₅ P ₃ O ₁₀ (sodium tripolyphosphate) and the corresponding potassium salt pentapotassium triphosphate, K ₅ P ₃ O ₁₀ (potassium tripolyphosphate). Preferably usable according to the invention are the sodium potassium tripolyphosphates.

If phosphates are used as washing or cleaning substances in machine dishwashing detergent in the present application, preferred agents comprise this phosphate (s), preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), particularly preferably pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate ), in amounts of 5 to 80 wt .-%, preferably from 15 to 75 wt .-% and in particular from 20 to 70 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent.

Further builders are the alkali carriers. Suitable alkali carriers are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, the alkali silicates, alkali metal silicates and mixtures of the abovementioned substances, it being possible to use the alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate, for the purposes of this invention. Particularly preferred is a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate. Also particularly preferred is a builder system comprising a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate. Because of her in the Compared with other builders of low chemical compatibility with the other ingredients of automatic dishwashing detergents, the optional alkali metal hydroxides are preferably only in small amounts, preferably in amounts below 10 wt .-%, preferably below 6 wt .-%, more preferably below 4 wt. % and in particular below 2 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent used. Particularly preferred are agents which, based on their total weight, contain less than 0.5% by weight and in particular no alkali metal hydroxides.

Particularly preferred is the use of carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonate (s), more preferably sodium carbonate, in amounts of 2 to 50 wt .-%, preferably from 5 to 40 wt .-% and in particular from 7.5 to 30 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent. Particular preference is given to compositions which, based on the weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent, are less than 20% by weight, preferably less than 17% by weight, preferably less than 13% by weight and in particular less than 9% by weight of carbonate (e) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonate (s), particularly preferably sodium carbonate.
Particularly suitable organic co-builders are polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, further organic cobuilders and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.

Useful organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of the free acid and / or their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these. In addition to their builder effect, the free acids also typically have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of the automatic dishwashing detergents. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.

The use of citric acid and / or citrates in these compositions has proved to be particularly advantageous for the cleaning and rinsing performance of agents according to the invention. Therefore, automatic dishwashing detergents are preferred according to the invention in that the automatic dishwashing agent contains citric acid or a salt of citric acid and the weight fraction of citric acid or of the salt of citric acid is preferably more than 10% by weight, preferably more than 15% by weight in particular between 20 and 40 wt .-% is.

Further suitable builders are polymeric polycarboxylates, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or of polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of from 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

For the purposes of this document, the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M _{w of} the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.

Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable. Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular from 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution. The content of the automatic dishwashing agents in (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight and in particular from 3 to 10% by weight.

To improve the water solubility, the polymers may also contain allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as a monomer.

Also particularly preferred are biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units, for example those which contain as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives ,

Further preferred copolymers are those which have as their monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.

Effective polymers as softeners are, for example, the sulfonic acid-containing polymers which can be used with particular preference.

Particularly preferred as sulfonic acid-containing polymers are copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, sulfonic acid-containing monomers and optionally other ionic or nonionic monomers.

With particular preference, the automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention contain methylglycinediacetic acid or a salt of methylglycinediacetic acid, wherein the proportion by weight of methylglycinediacetic acid or of the salt of methylglycinediacetic acid is preferably between 0.5 and 15% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 10% by weight and in particular between 0.5 and 6 wt .-% is.

In addition, all compounds capable of forming complexes with alkaline earth ions can be used as builders.

The compositions of the invention may contain surfactants, wherein the nonionic, the anionic, the cationic and the amphoteric surfactants are counted among the group of surfactants.

As nonionic surfactants, it is possible to use all nonionic surfactants known to the person skilled in the art. Suitable nonionic surfactants are, for example, alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x in which R corresponds to a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially methyl-branched, 2-position aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is the symbol which is a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants which can be used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.

Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.

in der R für einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹ für Wasserstoff, einen Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und [Z] für einen linearen oder verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht. Bei den Polyhydroxyfettsäureamiden handelt es sich um bekannte Stoffe, die üblicherweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines reduzierenden Zuckers mit Ammoniak, einem Alkylamin oder einem Alkanolamin und nachfolgender Acylierung mit einer Fettsäure, einem Fettsäurealkylester oder einem Fettsäurechlorid erhalten werden können.Further suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula

wherein R is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

Low-foaming nonionic surfactants can be used as preferred surfactants. With particular preference, the automatic dishwashing detergents contain nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols. The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 moles of EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C _12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO. The stated degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which may correspond to a particular product of an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Particular preference is given to nonionic surfactants which have a melting point above room temperature. Nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ° C, preferably above 25 ° C, more preferably between 25 and 60 ° C and especially between 26.6 and 43.3 ° C, is / are particularly preferred ,

Preferably used surfactants come from the groups of alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene ((PO / EO / PO) surfactants). Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.

bevorzugt, in der R¹ für einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ein- bzw. mehrfach ungesättigten C_6-24-Alkyl- oder -Alkenylrest steht; jede Gruppe R² bzw. R³ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus -CH₃, -CH₂CH₃, -CH₂CH₂-CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂ und die Indizes w, x, y, z unabhängig voneinander für ganze Zahlen von 1 bis 6 stehen.In the context of the present invention, particularly preferred nonionic surfactants have been low foaming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units. Among these, in turn, surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AO groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows. Here are nichionic surfactants of the general formula

in which R ^{1 is} a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C _6-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R ² or R ^{3 is} independently selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ , CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ and the indices w, x, y, z independently stand for integers from 1 to 6.

The stated C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the abovementioned nonionic surfactants represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Due to the manufacturing process, commercial products of the formulas mentioned are usually not made of an individual representative, but of mixtures, which may result in mean values for the C chain lengths as well as for the degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation and subsequently broken numbers.

If anionic surfactants are used as constituents of automatic dishwasher detergents, their content, based on the total weight of the compositions, is preferably less than 4% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight and very particularly preferably less than 1% by weight. Machine dishwashing detergents which do not contain anionic surfactants are particularly preferred.

worin jede Gruppe R¹ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus C_1-6-Alkyl-, -Alkenyl- oder -Hydroxyalkylgruppen; jede Gruppe R² unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus C_8-28-Alkyl- oder -Alkenylgruppen; R³ = R¹ oder (CH₂)_n-T-R²; R⁴ = R¹ oder R² oder (CH₂)_n-T-R²; T = -CH₂-, -O-CO- oder -CO-O- und n eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 5 ist.Instead of the surfactants mentioned or in conjunction with them, it is also possible to use cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants. As cationic active substances, for example, cationic compounds of the following formulas can be used:

wherein each R ^{1 group is} independently selected from C _1-6 alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl groups; each R ^{2 group is} independently selected from C _8-28 alkyl or alkenyl groups; R ³ = R ¹ or (CH ₂ ) _n -TR ² ; R ⁴ = R ¹ or R ² or (CH ₂ ) _n -TR ² ; T = -CH ₂ -, -O-CO- or -CO-O- and n is an integer from 0 to 5.

In automatic dishwashing detergents, the content of cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants is preferably less than 6% by weight, preferably less than 4% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 2% by weight and in particular less than 1% by weight. %. Automatic dishwashing detergents containing no cationic or amphoteric surfactants are particularly preferred.

The group of polymers includes, in particular, the washing or cleaning-active polymers, for example the rinse aid polymers and / or polymers which act as softeners. In general, cationic, anionic and amphoteric polymers can be used in machine dishwashing detergents in addition to nonionic polymers.

"Cationic polymers" in the context of the present invention are polymers which carry a positive charge in the polymer molecule. This can be realized, for example, by (alkyl) ammonium groups or other positively charged groups present in the polymer chain. Particularly preferred cationic polymers come from the groups of quaternized cellulose derivatives, the polysiloxanes with quaternary groups, the cationic guar derivatives, the polymeric dimethyldiallylammonium salts and their copolymers with esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, the copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with quaternized derivatives of dialkylaminoacrylate and methacrylate, the vinylpyrrolidone-methoimidazolinium chloride copolymers, the quaternized polyvinyl alcohols or the INCI names Polyquaternium 2, Polyquaternium 17, Polyquaternium 18 and Polyquaternium 27 indicated polymers.

For the purposes of the present invention, "amphoteric polymers" further comprise, in addition to a positively charged group in the polymer chain, also negatively charged groups or monomer units. These groups may be e.g. to act carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.

Preferred employable amphoteric polymers are selected from the group of the alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / alkymethacrylate / alkylaminoethylmethacrylate / alkylmethacrylate copolymers and the copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, cationically derivatized unsaturated carboxylic acids and optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers.

Preferably usable zwitterionic polymers are selected from the group of acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts, the acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts and the methacroylethylbetaine / methacrylate copolymers.

• die Verkapselung der Polymere mittels wasserlöslicher oder wasserdispergierbarer Beschichtungsmittel, vorzugsweise mittels wasserlöslicher oder wasserdispergierbarer natürlicher oder synthetischer Polymere;
• die Verkapselung der Polymere mittels wasserunlöslicher, schmelzbarer Beschichtungsmittel, vorzugsweise mittels wasserunlöslicher Beschichtungsmittel aus der Gruppe der Wachse oder Paraffine mit einem Schmelzpunkt oberhalb 30°C;
• die Cogranulation der Polymere mit inerten Trägermaterialien, vorzugsweise mit Trägermaterialien aus der Gruppe der wasch- oder reinigungsaktiven Substanzen, besonders bevorzugt aus der Gruppe der Builder (Gerüststoffe) oder Cobuilder.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymers are present in prefabricated form. For the preparation of the polymers is suitable inter alia

• the encapsulation of the polymers by means of water-soluble or water-dispersible coating compositions, preferably by means of water-soluble or water-dispersible natural or synthetic polymers;
• the encapsulation of the polymers by means of water-insoluble, meltable coating compositions, preferably by means of water-insoluble coating agents from the group of waxes or paraffins having a melting point above 30 ° C;
• the co-granulation of the polymers with inert carrier materials, preferably with carrier materials from the group of washing- or cleaning-active substances, more preferably from the group of builders or cobuilders.

Machine dishwashing detergents preferably contain the abovementioned cationic and / or amphoteric polymers in amounts of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent. In the context of the present application, however, preference is given to those automatic dishwasher detergents in which the weight fraction of the cationic and / or amphoteric polymers is between 0.01 and 8% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 6% by weight, preferably between 0, 01 and 4 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 0.01 and 2 wt .-% and in particular between 0.01 and 1 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent is.

The bleaching agents are a substance which can be used with particular preference for washing or cleaning. Among the compounds serving as bleaches in water H ₂ O ₂ , sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloimino peracid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Furthermore, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [phthaliminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)] , o-Carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-Nonenylamidoperadipic Acid and N-Nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-Diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-Diperoxyazelaic acid, Diperocysebacic acid, Diperoxybrassic acid, the Diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-Decyldiperoxybutan-1,4- diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronate).

As a bleaching agent and chlorine or bromine releasing substances can be used. Among the suitable chlorine or bromine releasing materials are, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or salts thereof with cations such as potassium and sodium. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin are also suitable.

According to the invention, automatic dishwashing agents are preferred which contain from 1 to 35% by weight, preferably from 2.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 3.5 to 20% by weight and in particular from 5 to 15% by weight of bleaching agent, preferably sodium percarbonate , contain.

The active oxygen content of the automatic dishwashing agents, in each case based on the total weight of the composition, is preferably between 0.4 and 10% by weight, more preferably between 0.5 and 8% by weight and in particular between 0.6 and 5% by weight. %. Particularly preferred compositions have an active oxygen content above 0.3 wt .-%, preferably above 0.7 wt .-%, more preferably above 0.8 wt .-% and in particular above 1.0 wt .-% to.

Bleach activators are used in automatic dishwashing detergents, for example, to achieve improved bleaching performance when cleaned at temperatures of 60 ° C and below. As bleach activators, it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy- 2,5-dihydrofuran, n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methylsulfate (MMA) and also acetylated sorbitol and mannitol or mixtures thereof (SORMAN), acylated sugar derivatives, in particular pentaacetylglucose (PAG), pentaacetyl-fructose, tetraacetyl-xylose and octaacetyl lactose as well as acetylated, optionally N- alkylated glucamine and gluconolactone, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoyl-caprolactam. Hydrophilic substituted acyl acetals and acyl lactams are also preferably used. Combinations of conventional bleach activators can also be used. These bleach activators are preferably used in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1% by weight to 8% by weight, especially from 2 to 8% by weight and more preferably from 2 to 6% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of bleach activator-containing agents.

Enzymes can be used to increase the washing or cleaning performance of automatic dishwashing detergents. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases, perhydrolases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically of natural origin; starting from the Natural molecules are for use in automatic dishwashing improved variants available, which can be used according to preferred. Machine dishwashing detergents preferably contain enzymes in total amounts of from 1 × 10 ^-6 to 5% by weight, based on active protein. The protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.

The enzymes can be used in any form known in the art. These include, for example, the solid preparations obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization or, especially in the case of liquid or gel-form detergents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, sparing in water and / or added with stabilizers.

Alternatively, the enzymes may be encapsulated for both the solid and liquid dosage forms, for example by spray-drying or extruding the enzyme solution together with a preferably natural polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped as in a solidified gel or in those of the core-shell type, in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water, air and / or chemical impermeable protective layer. In deposited layers, further active ingredients, for example stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaches or dyes, may additionally be applied. Such capsules are applied by methods known per se, for example by shaking or rolling granulation or in fluid-bed processes. Advantageously, such granules, for example by applying polymeric film-forming agent, low in dust and storage stable due to the coating. Furthermore, it is possible to assemble two or more enzymes together so that a single granule has several enzyme activities. Preferably, one or more enzymes and / or enzyme preparations, preferably solid protease preparations and / or amylase preparations, in amounts of from 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably from 0.2 to 4.5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.4 to 4 wt .-%, each based on the total enzyme-containing agent used.

Glass corrosion inhibitors prevent the occurrence of haze, streaks and scratches, but also iridescence of the glass surface of machine-cleaned glasses. Preferred glass corrosion inhibitors come from the group of magnesium and zinc salts and magnesium and zinc complexes. In the context of the present invention, the content of zinc salt in dishwasher detergents is preferably between 0.1 and 5 wt.%, Preferably between 0.2 and 4 wt.% And in particular between 0.4 and 3 wt the content of zinc in oxidized form (calculated as Zn 2+) is between 0.01 and 1% by weight, preferably between 0.02 and 0.5% by weight and in particular between 0.04 and 0.2% by weight. %, in each case based on the total weight of the glass corrosion inhibitor-containing agent.

In order to facilitate the disintegration of preformed moldings, it is possible to incorporate disintegration aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, into these compositions in order to shorten the disintegration times. By tablet disintegrants or disintegrants are meant excipients which ensure the rapid disintegration of tablets in water or other media and for the rapid release of the active ingredients. Desintegration aids may preferably be used in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the disintegration assistant-containing agent.

As perfume oils or perfumes, within the scope of the present invention, individual fragrance compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used. Preferably, however, mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance. Such perfume oils may also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as are available from vegetable sources, e.g. Pine, Citrus, Jasmine, Patchouly, Rose or Ylang-Ylang oil.

The preparation of automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention can take place in different ways. The agents may be in solid or liquid form as well as in a combination of solid and liquid forms. Powder, granules, extrudates, compacts, in particular tablets, are particularly suitable as firm supply forms. The liquid supply forms based on water and / or organic solvents may be thickened, in the form of gels. Inventive agents can be formulated in the form of single-phase or multi-phase products. In particular, automatic dishwashing detergents with one, two, three or four phases are preferred. Machine dishwashing detergent, characterized in that it is in the form of a prefabricated dosing unit with two or more phases, are particularly preferred. The individual phases of multiphase agents may have the same or different states of aggregation. Machine dishwashing detergents which have at least two different solid phases and / or at least two liquid phases and / or at least one solid and at least one solid phase are preferred.

Automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention are preferably prefabricated to form metering units. These metering units preferably comprise the necessary for a cleaning cycle amount of washing or cleaning-active substances. Preferred metering units have a weight between 12 and 30 g, preferably between 14 and 26 g and in particular between 16 and 22 g. In order to achieve an optimum cleaning and rinse-aid result, preference is given to those automatic dishwashing agents which are present in the form of a prefabricated dosing unit and between 0.001 and 1 g, preferably between 0.01 and 0.1 g, particularly preferably between 0.01 and 0, 07 g and in particular between 0.01 and 0.05 g of the polymer a) or between 0.1 and 2.5 g, preferably between 0.2 and 2.2 g, particularly preferably between 0.3 and 1.9 g and especially between 0.4 and 1.5 g of nonionic surfactant (s) b). The volume of the aforementioned metering units and their spatial form are selected with particular preference so that a metering of the prefabricated units is ensured via the metering chamber of a dishwasher. The volume of the dosing unit is therefore preferably between 10 and 35 ml, preferably between 12 and 30 ml.

The automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention, in particular the prefabricated metering units, have a water-soluble coating, with particular preference.

The subject matter of the present application is furthermore a method for cleaning dishes in a dishwashing machine, in which the agent according to the invention is metered into the interior of a dishwasher during the passage of a dishwashing program before the main wash cycle or during the main wash cycle. The metering or the entry of the agent according to the invention into the interior of the dishwasher can be done manually, but preferably the agent is metered by means of the metering chamber into the interior of the dishwasher.

A typical outline recipe for a dishwasher detergent which can preferably be used, for example in tablet form, comprises the following substances: Na tripolyphosphate 20-50% by weight sodium 10-30% by weight sodium 5-18% by weight bleach 0.5-5% by weight bleach catalyst 0.01-1% by weight sulfopolymer 2.5-15% by weight polycarboxylate 0.1-10% by weight nonionic surfactant 0.5-10% by weight phosphonates 0.5-5% by weight amylase 0.1-5% by weight protease 0.1-5% by weight % By weight, based in each case on the total agent.
Instead of the Na tripolyphosphate, it is also possible in particular to use 10-50% by weight of citrate in the formulation.

Example:

Machine dishwashing detergent comprising the following substances: citrate 36% by weight sodium 10-30% by weight sodium 5-18% by weight bleach 0.5-5% by weight bleach catalyst 0.01-1% by weight sulfopolymer 2.5-15% by weight polycarboxylate 0.1-10% by weight nonionic surfactant 0.5-10% by weight phosphonates 0.5-5% by weight amylase 0.1-5% by weight protease 0.1-5% by weight % By weight, based in each case on the total agent.

• einen zahlenmittleren Partikeldurchmesser von 0,1 bis 100 µm,
• eine spezifische Oberfläche nach BET (gemäß DIN 66131) von 5 m²/g oder mehr,
• eine Ölabsorptionskapazität (boiled linseed oil) von 160 ml/100 g oder mehr,
• eine Kristallinität (DSC-Messung) von 40% oder größer, und
• einen Quotienten von volumenmittlerem Partikeldurchmesser zu zahlenmittlerem Partikel-durchmesser von 1,0 bis 1,5.

White plastic boards were rinsed in an automatic dishwashing machine (BOSCH SGS 57M82EU / 80) with the above-mentioned machine dishwashing detergent with the addition of 50 g ketchup with and without porous polyamide particles at 70 ° C. The porous polyamide particles (10 g per pass) had the following properties:

• a number average particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm,
• a BET specific surface area (according to DIN 66131) of 5 m ² / g or more,
• an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml / 100 g or more,
• a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or greater, and
• a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to number-average particle diameter of 1.0 to 1.5.

The boards from the rinsing test with addition of porous polyamide particles showed on visual evaluation a significantly lower red coloration than the boards from the rinsing test without the addition of porous polyamide particles.

Claims (13)

1. An automatic dishwasher detergent containing a dye transfer inhibitor in the form of

   a) porous polyamide particles having

   - a number-average particle diameter of from 0.1 to 100 µm,

   - a specific surface according to BET (pursuant to DIN 66131) of 5 m²/g or more,

   - an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml/100 g or more,

   - a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or more, and

   - a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to number-average particle diameter of from 1.0 to 1.5,
   and

   b) synthetic phyllosilicate (preferably magnesium silicate, in particular sodium magnesium lithium silicate).
2. The detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains from 0.05 wt.% to 30 wt.%, in particular from 0.5 wt.% to 10 wt.% of porous polyamide particles.
3. The detergent according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it contains from 0.05 wt.% to 30 wt.%, in particular from 0.5 wt.% to 10 wt.% of synthetic phyllosilicate.
4. The detergent according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the porous polyamide particles have a number-average particle diameter of from 0.3 µm to 50 µm, preferably from 0.5 µm to 30 µm, in particular from 1 µm to 30 µm.
5. The detergent according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ratio of volume-average particle diameter (Dv) to number-average particle diameter (Dn), also referred to as the particle-size distribution index (PDI=Dv/Dn), for the porous polyamide particles is in the range of from 1.0 to 1.3.
6. The detergent according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the porous polyamide particles have a specific surface according to BET (pursuant to DIN 66131) of from 5 m²/g to 80 m²/g, preferably from 6 m²/g to 60 m²/g, and in particular from 7.5 m²/g to 50 m²/g.
7. The detergent according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the porous polyamide particles have a porosity index RI in the range of from 3 to 100, in particular in the range of from 5 to 70.
8. The detergent according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the porous polyamide particles have an average pore diameter of from 0.01 µm to 0.20 µm, in particular from 0.02 µm to 0.1 µm, and a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or more.
9. The detergent according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it additionally contains a polymer of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylimidazolium, vinylpyridine N-oxide or a copolymer thereof.
10. The use of porous polyamide particles having

    - a number-average particle diameter of from 0.1 to 100 µm,

    - a specific surface according to BET (pursuant to DIN 66131) of 5 m²/g or more,

    - an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml/100 g or more,

    - a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or more, and

    - a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to number-average particle diameter of from 1.0 to 1.5

    for preventing discoloration of plastics materials during the automatic dishwashing process.
11. The use of porous polyamide particles having

    - a number-average particle diameter of from 0.1 to 100 µm,

    - a specific surface according to BET (pursuant to DIN 66131) of 5 m²/g or more,

    - an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml/100 g or more,

    - a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or more, and

    - a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to number-average particle diameter of from 1.0 to 1.5

    for preventing dye transfer, resulting from colored food residues, to plastics crockery while said crockery is being cleaned in an automatic dishwasher.
12. The use of porous polyamide particles having

    - a number-average particle diameter of from 0.1 to 100 µm,

    - a specific surface according to BET (pursuant to DIN 66131) of 5 m²/g or more,

    - an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml/100 g or more,

    - a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or more, and

    - a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to number-average particle diameter of from 1.0 to 1.5

    for preventing a change in the color impression of plastics crockery while it is being cleaned in an automatic dishwasher.
13. A method for automatic dishwashing using aqueous solutions, characterized in that an aqueous solution is used that contains

    (a) porous polyamide particles having

    - a number-average particle diameter of from 0.1 to 100 µm,

    - a specific surface according to BET (pursuant to DIN 66131) of 5 m²/g or more,

    - an oil absorption capacity (boiled linseed oil) of 160 ml/100 g or more,

    - a crystallinity (DSC measurement) of 40% or more, and

    - a quotient of volume-average particle diameter to number-average particle diameter of from 1.0 to 1.5,

    and

    (b) synthetic phyllosilicate (preferably magnesium silicate).