EP2369161B1 - Exhaust discharge assembly - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an exhaust gas discharge arrangement for a multi-cylinder motor vehicle internal combustion engine having a cylinder head comprising at least one valve outlet channel per cylinder, wherein a single valve outlet channel of a cylinder forms a cylinder outlet channel or a plurality of valve outlet channels of a cylinder within the cylinder head to a cylinder outlet. Outlet channel are merged, wherein at least two cylinder outlet passages are merged within the cylinder head to a cylinder head exhaust passage, and an exhaust manifold with a first exhaust gas receiving channel for receiving directly exhaust gases of a plurality of cylinders and at least one further exhaust gas receiving channel for receiving more directly exhaust gases Cylinder, with a gas transfer from the cylinder head to the exhaust manifold cylinder head outlet channel depends on individually.

Usually, in multi-cylinder motor vehicle internal combustion engines with a plurality of valve outlet channels per cylinder, the valve outlet passages are first combined cylinder by cylinder inside the cylinder head and then guided out of the cylinder head into cylinder outlet passages and fed to an exhaust manifold. In this case, the axes of the valve outlet passages are at least approximately in the cylinder axis direction, in the outflow direction takes place within the cylinder head an at least approximately 90 ° deflection, so that a transition from the cylinder head to the exhaust manifold takes place at least approximately perpendicular to the cylinder head exhaust manifold connection level. With adjacent cylinders, such an exhaust gas flow guide is provided identically for each cylinder. Accordingly, the exhaust manifold has an exhaust gas receiving channel for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine. In the manifold takes place a merger of the exhaust gas flows of the individual Cylinder and a deflection and guidance in the required direction. A transfer of the exhaust gas flows from the cylinder head to the exhaust manifold is oriented at the cylinder head exhaust manifold plane such that an exhaust gas transfer occurs approximately perpendicular to this plane. Such a cylinder head, for example, goes from the DE 35 16 453 A1 out.

The disadvantage here is the comparatively long and lossy flow guidance. Since the accessibility of the screw connections must be ensured when screwing the exhaust manifold on the cylinder head, further restrictions on the design freedom in the flow guide arise. In particular, if the exhaust gas flow is to be fed to an exhaust gas turbocharger, the loss of kinetic exhaust gas energy is disadvantageous. In thermal terms, especially in the warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine disadvantages, since due to the long flow paths heat is lost, so that extends the time required to reach the operating temperature of a catalyst. In addition, the heat radiating in the extended flow path leads to a high thermal load on the surrounding components. The long flow paths also cause increased acoustic emission. Finally, due to the long flow paths during heating and cooling of the exhaust system due to thermal expansion considerable shift lengths and thus stresses, which are the more difficult to compensate, the longer the exhaust manifold builds. Not least are associated with a long flow guide space disadvantages.

From the EP 1 006 272 A2 a cylinder head structure is known in a multi-cylinder engine, comprising: a Sammelauslasskanal, which is formed from Auslaßkanalabschnitten, each extending from a plurality along a row of cylinders arranged combustion chambers and are integrally merged in a defined in a cylinder head exhaust collecting section, wherein the structure includes a projection , which is provided on a side surface of the cylinder head, so that it from a A side surface of a cylinder block, to which the cylinder head is connected, protrudes outward, wherein the projection in the outlet collecting portion protrudes outward by a largest amount, and wherein the cylinder head includes a spark plug insertion tube and a water jacket between an ignition coil, in an opening at the top end of the Spark plug insertion tube is mounted, and the collecting outlet channel is arranged to ensure that the cylinder head, in which the collecting outlet channel is integrally provided, can be made more compact.

From the DE 10 2008 058 852 A1 an engine is known with an exhaust manifold integrally formed with a cylinder head, the engine comprising: an exhaust manifold in which at least first and second passages are formed, the first passage being connected to at least one exhaust port formed in a first cylinder; and the second passage is connected to at least one outlet port formed in a second cylinder; wherein the first passage and the second passage are interconnected to communicate with a first single exhaust outlet.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a Abgasabströmanordnung mentioned above, which substantially increases the freedom of design with respect to the exhaust gas flow, allows a shorter, lossless flow while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned, has a reduced space requirement and especially the enthalpy loss during warm-up the internal combustion engine limited.

The object is achieved with a Abgasabströmanordnung with the features of claim 1 by the exhaust manifold has an eccentrically arranged to the cylinders exhaust outlet channel, so that the first exhaust gas receiving channel of the exhaust manifold longer and the at least one further exhaust gas receiving channel of the exhaust manifold is shorter ,

By merging at least two cylinder outlet ports within the cylinder head to a cylinder head exhaust passage, a portion of the directionally predetermined flow guide is already displaced into the cylinder head. In the case of a coolant-cooled cylinder head and air-cooled exhaust manifold, the ratio of air-cooled to coolant-cooled surface is advantageously shifted, so that the exhaust gas tip temperatures are reduced in the full-load range. Overall, the flow surface and thus the enthalpy loss are reduced by heat transfer during warm-up of the internal combustion engine. In addition, the exhaust manifold side is no longer required for each cylinder outlet channel a separate exhaust gas receiving channel with flange and screw connection; but it is sufficient for several combined in a cylinder head exhaust duct cylinder outlet ducts a common exhaust gas receiving channel with reduced screw. This mass and flow surface are reduced, which is particularly advantageous for supercharged internal combustion engines during warm-up.

At least one exhaust gas receiving channel is provided for connection to the at least one cylinder head exhaust passage for directly receiving exhaust gases from a plurality of cylinders.

Particularly preferred embodiments and developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Preferably, in the exhaust gas discharge arrangement according to the invention, the merging of the valve outlet channels and / or the cylinder outlet channels is individually directed in the outflow direction. Thus, for each outlet channel, a fluidically, thermally and with regard to the installation space optimal flow path can be selected in particular also with respect to the flow of an exhaust gas turbocharger.

Conveniently, at least one valve outlet channel, cylinder outlet channel and / or cylinder head outlet channel is individually curved within the cylinder head in the outflow direction. Thus, independently of the further exhaust ducts for each exhaust duct, a separate optimum gas duct can be achieved.

It is particularly preferred if a plurality of cylinders of the internal combustion engine are arranged next to one another, the cylinder outlet channels of a first cylinder group are combined in a first cylinder head outlet channel and the cylinder outlet channels of at least one further cylinder group are combined in at least one further cylinder head outlet channel. In this way, in addition to an optimal gas flow, a particularly good gas dynamics can be achieved.

An embodiment of the exhaust gas discharge arrangement according to the invention in which the first cylinder head outlet channel and the at least one further cylinder head outlet channel have an elongated cross section extending substantially in the cylinder head longitudinal direction is very advantageous. Such a configuration is favorable in particular construction space and gas dynamic.

Advantages of an exhaust manifold, wherein the first exhaust gas receiving channel and the at least one further exhaust gas receiving channel exhaust gas intake side have an elongated cross-section.

It is considered very useful if the first exhaust gas receiving channel and the at least one further exhaust gas receiving channel are combined in an exhaust gas outlet channel. The entire exhaust energy is bundled and optimally directed for further use. The aim of this bundling is the reduction of flow losses and flow surface.

Preferably, the exhaust gas outlet channel is suitable and intended for connection to an exhaust gas turbocharger. This can be done energetically, thermally and structurally optimal connection of the exhaust gas turbocharger.

Figur 1

eine unabhängig von einer Zylinderkopf-AbgaskrümmerTrennebene kanalindividuelle Abgasströmungsführung undzusammenführung bei einer Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine,

Figur 2

einen Zylinderkopf einer Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine mit unabhängig von einer Zylinderkopf-Abgaskrümmer-Trennebene kanalindividuell gerichteten und zusammengeführten Abgaskanälen,

Figur 3a

einen Abgaskrümmer einer Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine mit unabhängig von einer Zylinderkopf-Abgaskrümmer-Trennebene kanalindividuell gerichteten und zusammengeführten Abgaskanälen von hinten,

Figur 3b

einen Abgaskrümmer einer Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine mit unabhängig von einer Zylinderkopf-Abgaskrümmer-Trennebene kanalindividuell gerichteten und zusammengeführten Abgaskanälen von vorne,

Figur 4

eine zwischen Zylinderkopf und Abgaskrümmer anzuordnende Dichtung für eine Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine mit unabhängig von einer Zylinderkopf-Abgaskrümmer-Trennebene kanalindividuell gerichteten und zusammengeführten Abgaskanälen und

Figur 5

eine Abgasabströmanordnung einer Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschine mit unabhängig von einer Zylinderkopf-Abgaskrümmer-Trennebene kanalindividuell gerichteten und zusammengeführten Abgaskanälen und Abgasturbolader.

Below is a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to figures explained in more detail, showing schematically and by way of example

FIG. 1

independent of a cylinder head exhaust manifold split-plane channel-specific exhaust flow guide and merging in an automotive internal combustion engine,

FIG. 2

a cylinder head of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine with independently of a cylinder head exhaust manifold parting plane channel individually directed and merged exhaust ducts,

FIG. 3a

an exhaust manifold of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine with independently of a cylinder head exhaust manifold separating plane channel-individually directed and merged exhaust ducts from behind,

FIG. 3b

an exhaust manifold of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine with independently of a cylinder head exhaust manifold separating plane channel individually directed and merged exhaust ducts from the front,

FIG. 4

a to be arranged between the cylinder head and the exhaust manifold gasket for a motor vehicle internal combustion engine with independently of a cylinder head exhaust manifold parting plane channel individually directed and merged exhaust ducts and

FIG. 5

an exhaust gas discharge arrangement of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine with independent of a cylinder head exhaust manifold parting plane Channel-specific directed and merged exhaust ducts and exhaust gas turbocharger.

In the present case, the invention will be explained with reference to a six-cylinder in-line internal combustion engine. However, in principle, the invention can also be used in internal combustion engines with a different number and arrangement of cylinders. In particular, the invention can be used in internal combustion engines with three or four cylinders in a row arrangement or with eight, ten or twelve cylinders in V arrangement. The internal combustion engine is in particular diesel or gasoline-powered.

FIG. 1 FIG. 12 shows a single channel exhaust flow guide and merge 100 in an automotive internal combustion engine, independent of a cylinder head exhaust manifold separation plane 103. The exhaust flow guide 100 is provided by means of exhaust passages in an exhaust effluent assembly 500, which in FIG FIG. 5 is shown together with an exhaust gas turbocharger 554 formed. The exhaust flow guide 100 includes a cylinder head 202 which is in FIG. 2 is shown as well as one with the FIGS. 2a, 2b shown exhaust manifold. Further details of the internal combustion engine are not shown.

The internal combustion engine comprises a crankcase and a cylinder head 102, 202, 502 and has six cylinders 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270 arranged in series. For each cylinder 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270, two valve-controlled valve outlet passages are provided, which are first combined inside the cylinder head 102, 202, 502 respectively to a cylinder outlet channel and downstream in the cylinder head outlet channels.

From the in FIG. 1 illustrated exhaust flow channel 100, the valve outlet channel streams are seen, which merged within the cylinder head 102 in the downstream direction first in cylinder outlet channel streams are. The valve outlet channel streams 106, 108 of the first cylinder 260 in the cylinder outlet channel stream 130, the valve outlet channel streams 110, 112 of the second cylinder 262 in the cylinder outlet channel stream 132, the valve outlet channel streams 114, 116 of the third cylinder 264 in the cylinder exhaust passageway stream 134, the valve exhaust passageways 118, 120 of the fourth cylinder 266 in the cylinder exhaust passageway 136, the valve exhaust passageways 122, 124 of the fifth cylinder 268 in the cylinder Outlet channel stream 138, the valve outlet channel streams 126, 128 of the sixth cylinder 270 in the cylinder outlet channel stream 140 merged.

Further downstream, within the cylinder head 102, the cylinder exhaust passage streams are combined into cylinder head exhaust passage streams. It is the cylinder exhaust passageways 130, 132, 134 of the cylinders 260, 262, 264 forming a first cylinder group in a cylinder head exhaust passage flow and the cylinder exhaust passage streams 136, 138, 140 of the cylinders 266, 268, 270 forming a second cylinder group are combined in a second cylinder head exhaust passage stream.

The cylinder head exhaust passageways are transferred via the cylinder head exhaust manifold connection plane 103 into an exhaust manifold 104, 304, 504. In exhaust manifold 104, 304, 504, the first cylinder head exhaust passage stream is referred to as the exhaust stream 142 and the second cylinder head exhaust passage stream is referred to as exhaust stream 144. The exhaust gas flow 142 discharges into an outlet flow 146, the exhaust gas flow 144 opens into an outlet flow 148.

In the present case, the valve outlets with respect to the coordinate system in FIG. 1 directed in the -z direction, there is an approximately 90 ° deflection of the exhaust gas flows first in the -x direction and in the outflow or discharge direction, then again there is an approximately 90 ° deflection in the z direction. The outlet flows 146, 148 lie approximately in the region of the fifth cylinder 268 in the y direction, so that in addition to the deflection in the xz plane, the exhaust gas flows are in the xy plane from the respective valve outlet to the outlet streams 146, 148 extend.

Starting from the valve outlets to the outlet streams 146, 148, an individually directed flow guidance and merging takes place. This depends in particular on aerodynamic, thermal and installation space aspects and is fundamentally independent of the position of the cylinder head exhaust manifold connection plane 103.

Obviously out FIG. 2 For example, the cylinder outlet passages 230, 232, 234 for guiding the cylinder exhaust passage 130, 132, 134, the cylinder head exhaust passage 242 for guiding the first cylinder head exhaust passage, the cylinder exhaust passages 236, 238, 240 for guiding the cylinder exhaust passage 136, 138, 140 and the cylinder head exhaust passage 244 for guiding the second cylinder head exhaust passage.

In FIG. 3a For example, the exhaust gas receiving passage 342 for guiding the exhaust gas flow 142 and the exhaust gas receiving passage 344 of the exhaust manifold 304 for guiding the exhaust gas flow 144 and the diversion and guiding of the exhaust gas flow to the exhaust gas discharge passages 346, 348 of the exhaust manifold 304.

The exhaust manifold 104, 304, 504 is bolted to the cylinder head 102, 202, 502 when assembled. For the exhaust manifold 104, 304, 504 is provided with a mounting flange 351 having attachment points 352. The mounting flange 351 frames the exhaust gas receiving channels 342, 344 of the exhaust manifold 104, 304, 504. Cylinder head side with the attachment points 351 of the exhaust manifold 104, 304, 504 corresponding attachment points 252 are provided. In these attachment points 252 on the cylinder head 102, 202, 502 bolts for receiving the exhaust manifold 104, 304, 504 are screwed at its attachment points 352.

Between the cylinder head 102, 202, 502 and exhaust manifold 104, 304, 504, a gasket seal 450, 550 is provided for gas-tight sealing, which has an opening 442 associated with the exhaust gas receiving channel 342 and an opening 444 associated with the exhaust gas receiving channel 344. The openings 442, 444 are each surrounded by a sealing area 541, 543. To fix and secure the seal 450, 550, fastening points 452 assigned to the attachment points 352 of the exhaust manifold 104, 304, 504 are provided on the seal 450, 550.

The exhaust gas outlet channels 346, 348 of the exhaust manifold 304 are suitable for connection to an exhaust gas turbocharger 554. For this, the exhaust manifold 104, 304, 504 on the outlet channel side has a flange-like region which surrounds the exhaust gas outlet channels 346, 348. An exhaust gas turbocharger 554 with its input channel can be connected to this flange-like region by means of a fastening clamp, for example.

Claims (8)

1. An exhaust discharge assembly (100, 500) for a multi-cylinder motor vehicle internal combustion engine with a cylinder head (102, 202, 502) comprising at least one valve outlet duct (106, 108; 110, 112; 114, 116; 118, 120; 122, 124; 126, 128) per cylinder (260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270), wherein a single valve outlet duct (106, 108; 110, 112; 114, 116; 118, 120; 122, 124; 126, 128) of a cylinder (260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270) forms a cylinder outlet duct (130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240) or a plurality of valve outlet ducts (106, 108; 110, 112; 114, 116; 118, 120; 122, 124; 126, 128) of a cylinder (260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270) are merged within the cylinder head (102, 202, 502) to form a cylinder outlet duct (130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240), wherein at least two cylinder outlet ducts (130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240) are merged within the cylinder head (102, 202, 502) to form a cylinder-head outlet duct (242, 244), and with an exhaust manifold (104, 304, 504) with a first exhaust-receiving duct (142, 342) for directly receiving exhaust from a plurality of cylinders (260, 262, 264), and with at least one further exhaust-receiving duct (144, 344) for directly receiving exhaust from a plurality of cylinders (266, 268, 270), wherein a gas blowby from the cylinder head (102, 202, 502) to the exhaust manifold (104, 304, 504) takes place in individually directed manner dependent on the cylinder-head outlet duct, characterised in that the exhaust manifold (104, 304, 504) has an exhaust discharge duct (146, 148, 346, 348) arranged eccentrically to the cylinders (260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270), so that the first exhaust-receiving duct (142, 342) of the exhaust manifold (104, 304, 504) is longer and the at least one further exhaust-receiving duct (144, 344) of the exhaust manifold (104, 304, 504) is shorter.
2. An exhaust discharge assembly (100, 500) according to Claim 1, characterised in that the merging of the valve outlet ducts (106, 108; 110, 112; 114, 116; 118, 120; 122, 124; 126, 128) and/or of the cylinder outlet ducts (130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240) takes place in individually directed manner in the discharge direction.
3. An exhaust discharge assembly (100, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one valve outlet duct (106, 108; 110, 112; 114, 116; 118, 120; 122, 124; 126, 128), cylinder outlet duct (130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240) and/or cylinder-head outlet duct (242, 244) is individually curved in the discharge direction within the cylinder head (102, 202, 502).
4. An exhaust discharge assembly (100, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that

   - a plurality of cylinders (260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270) of the internal combustion engine are arranged next to one another,

   - the cylinder outlet ducts (130, 132, 134, 230, 232, 234) of a first cylinder group (260, 262, 264) are merged in a first cylinder-head outlet duct (242), and

   - the cylinder outlet ducts (136, 138, 140, 236, 238, 240) of at least one further cylinder group (266, 268, 270) are merged in at least one further cylinder-head outlet duct (244).
5. An exhaust discharge assembly (100, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first cylinder-head outlet duct (242) and the at least one further cylinder-head outlet duct (244) have an elongate cross-section extending substantially in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder head.
6. An exhaust discharge assembly (100, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first exhaust-receiving duct (142, 342) and the at least one further exhaust-receiving duct (144, 344) of the exhaust manifold (104, 304, 504) have an elongate cross-section on the exhaust-receiving side.
7. An exhaust discharge assembly (100, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first exhaust-receiving duct (142, 342) and the at least one further exhaust-receiving duct (144, 344) of the exhaust manifold (104, 304, 504) are merged in an exhaust discharge duct (146, 148, 346, 348).
8. An exhaust discharge assembly (100, 500) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the exhaust discharge duct (146, 148, 346, 348) of the exhaust manifold (104, 304, 504) is suitable and intended for connection to an exhaust gas turbocharger (554).

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