EP2109343B1 - Electric surface heater - Google Patents

Abstract

The body (1) has a plate (2) made of heat-conductive material such as natural stone, ceramic, glass or metal which radiates heat during heating. An electrical heating device stays in connection with the plate for heating the plate. A holder fixes the body at a wall, where a base is provided for setting up of the body. Carbon fibers (5) are provided as electrical heating device and are the components of a temperature-resistant carrier (3) which stays in contact with the plate. The distance (A) between the carbon fibers varies from each other.

Description

The present invention relates to an electric surface heater according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the DE 37 11 035C2 is a generic surface heating known, As an electric heater here is a heating element in the form of a flat wire on a radiation foil meandering printed, laminated or applied in a similar manner. The radiation film is in turn connected to a thermal insulation panel to form a structural unit. The assembly consisting of heat conductor, radiation foil and thermal insulation board is attached to the back of a plate made of thermally conductive material. The construction is expensive to manufacture and therefore expensive.

From the WO 03/073792 A2 is a surface heater known, which is a plate of thermally conductive material, eg. As marble, as well as an additional support plate having a heated cover layer for heating the plate. According to one embodiment of this idea finely distributed graphite particles are housed in a heat-resistant plastic film as a heating element. This arrangement is complex in construction and expensive to implement.

The DE 10 2005 042 635 A1 discloses an electrically conductive carbon fabric used to make a ceramic or glass heating element. For example, the carbon fabric may be surrounded by a thermoformable plastic in sandwich technology or other arbitrary shape, or otherwise melted down, cast in, or sintered into glass or ceramic or the like.

The WO 02/19771 A1 relates to a heating foil or heating paper comprising a plurality of more or less oriented carbon fibers in the form of short fibers (staple fibers). The carbon fibers are used to generate the heating energy, in addition to the material embedded ceramic fibers or the embedded ceramic powder or the like. Serve for the transmission of heat generated.

The DE 196 47 935 A1 relates to a composite resistance heater for caravans, etc. with an electrically conductive heating layer, which is composed of a mixture of carbon, graphite and / or carbon fibers and a curable binder.

The WO 99/38357 describes a heating device having a plurality of sandwiched electrically conductive layers, for example individual carbon fabric layers, in which the electrically conductive layers are clamped between electrodes and by varying the distance of the electrodes from each other and the degree of compression of the electrical resistance and as a consequence of which Heat can be varied.

From the WO 98/09 478 a heating element is known in which a carbon fabric is impregnated with a filler material such as a polymer. After hardening of the resulting material, this is cut into suitable shapes and used depending on the desired arrangement.

The object of the present invention is to provide a novel electric surface heater of the type mentioned above, which is a particularly easy to implement construction ensured, but at the same time unfolds an increased compared to the prior art heating efficiency.

The above object is achieved in the generic surface heating element by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. According to the invention serving as heating elements carbon fibers are woven into the sheet carrier. The use of the carbon fibers ensures advantageous efficiency and high flexibility in heating the plate. Furthermore, the carrier is a fabric of temperature-resistant fibers. This fabric can be made based on conventional weaving techniques.

Conveniently, the fabric is a glass fiber fabric. This is particularly suitable because of its temperature resistance to absorb carbon fibers.

According to the invention, the weaving of the carbon fibers into the fabric can take place, for example, in the form of so-called weft threads. The nature of the use of carbon fibers also makes it possible to provide a different arrangement of the same on the carrier in a simple manner. This serves to heat certain areas of the carrier, for example its edge areas, more strongly, in turn, to achieve a better ratio of heating power of the surface heating element and necessary electrical energy. In particular, the plate can thereby be operated with an ideal heating power distribution.

The arrangement of the carbon fibers on the carrier is preferably different, so that the heating power in the edge region of the carrier, for example, is higher than in the central region.

In particular, the distance of the carbon fibers in the fabric from each other can be varied to ensure such a different arrangement.

The carrier is connected in a simple manner with the plate by sticking, so that expensive installation work or processing of the plate omitted.

Conveniently, a preferably inside heat-reflecting cover plate may be provided on the side opposite the plate of the carrier for protection against mechanical impairment.

Alternatively or additionally, the carbon fibers can be operated in regions with different electrical power, so that this sets a different heating effect with respect to the respective position on the plate,

Alternatively or additionally, the carbon fibers may also have a different electrical resistance so that different heating powers result when a current is applied.

Those carbon fibers which have a higher electrical resistance, are expediently in the edge region of the carrier.

According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, a part of the carbon fibers is activated so that this part of the carbon fibers can generate heat energy, whereas the other part of the carbon fibers is deactivated and does not generate heat energy. In this way, by appropriate choice of the deactivated carbon fibers, an energy profile can be created across the surface of the carrier.

Moreover, it is possible, starting from standard fabrics in which a uniform distance of the carbon fibers is set, yet to achieve a different heating profile by corresponding deactivation of individual carbon fibers. Thus, an individual heating characteristic can be created by a carrier material that is comparatively easy and cheap to provide.

The deactivation is conveniently carried out by simply cutting the carbon fibers at the areas where the heat is to be withdrawn something.

Fig. 1

eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung einer Ausgestaltung eines Flächenheizkörpers gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht des Flächenheizkörpers gemäß Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine stark vereinfachte schematische Teildarstellung des Trägers als Bestandteil des erfindungsgemäßen Flächenheizkörpers.

An embodiment of the present invention will be explained in more detail below. Show it:

Fig. 1

a highly simplified schematic representation of an embodiment of a surface heater according to the present invention;

Fig. 2

a side view of the surface heating according to Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 3

a greatly simplified schematic partial representation of the carrier as part of the surface heating element according to the invention.

Reference numeral 1 in Fig. 1 identifies the surface heating element in its entirety. It includes a massive plate 2 made of good conductive material such. As natural stone such as marble, ceramics or glass. Also metal would be suitable. The plate 2 serves to radiate the heat stored in it to the outside, in particular to the front.

On the in Fig. 1 apparent back of the plate 2 are a flat carrier 3 made of a fabric made of temperature-resistant fibers, for example Glass fibers 4 and carbon fibers 5, which are provided as heating elements. For this purpose, the carbon fibers are connected via a suitable electrical connection 10 to the power grid.

At the bottom of the surface heating element 1, for example, both at the front and at the rear there is a respective foot part 6 or 7, so that the surface heating element 1 can be placed at the desired location.

Only indicated by dashed lines is a cover plate 6 on the back of the surface heating element 1, which serves to protect the carrier 3 from mechanical influences.

The carrier 3 is glued as a fabric in a simple manner on the back of the plate 2. The adhesive layer is in Fig. 2 denoted by the reference numeral 8.

How out Fig. 1 can be seen, the carbon fibers 5 in the carrier 3 in a different arrangement, in the example of Fig. 1 arranged at different distances A. This results in that in the region of the closer arrangement of the carbon fibers 5, ie in the lateral edge region of Fig. 1 , an elevated temperature (for example 110 ° C.) compared to the central part acts on the plate 2 than in the middle region (for example 100 ° C.). By weaving the carbon fibers 5 into the fabric, the aforementioned change in the arrangement of the carbon fibers 5 can be easily performed.

The cover plate 6 has a heat reflection layer 9 which ensures that the heat radiated to the rear by the carbon fibers 5, that is, the heat radiated backwards. H. is reflected in the direction of the plate 2.

Fig. 3 shows in a simplified sectional view of the carrier 3, which represents a tissue. In the tissue of individual crosswise extending glass fibers 4 individual carbon fibers 5 are woven in a corresponding orientation, for example in the weft direction, in Fig. 3 with a constant distance to each other. At a certain point of the carrier 3, the distance between the carbon fibers 5 is then changed as needed or individual carbon fibers 5 in the weave pattern of the carrier 3 is deactivated (see the following), in order to ensure increased or reduced heating power in this area.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, a part of the carbon fibers which are woven into the carrier 3 is deactivated by being severed. Consequently, in the region of these severed carbon fibers, an electric current flow is not possible and thus heating of the relevant carbon fiber is not possible. By selective selection of those carbon fibers that are to be deactivated, the setting of a targeted heating characteristic over the total area of the carrier 3 can be adjusted.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Panel heater

2

plate

3

carrier

4

glass fiber

5

carbon fiber

6

footboard

7

footboard

8th

adhesive layer

9

cover plate

10

electrical connection

Claims (13)

1. An electrical plane heating element, comprising

   - a plate of a heat resistant material, in particular natural stone, ceramic, glass or metal, radiating heat when being heated,

   - electrical heating means being in contact to said plate for heating the same,

   - support means for fixing said plane heating element to a wall or to foot means for erecting said plane heating element,
   with carbon fibers (5) being provided as said electrical heating means and being components of a heat resisting carrier (3) which is in contact with said plate (2),
   characterized in that

   - said carrier (3) is a plane fabric of heat resistant fibers,

   - said carbon fibers (5) are woven into said fabric,

   - and said carbon fibers (5) woven into said fabric are used as heater elements.
2. The electrical plane heating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   said fibers are glass fibers (4).
3. The electrical plane heating element according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   said carbon fibers (5) are arranged in different arrays at said carrier (3).
4. The electrical plane heating element according to claim 3,
   characterized in that
   the mutual distance between said carbon fibers (5) varies.
5. The electrical plane heating element according to claim 4,
   characterized in that
   the distance between said carbon fibers (5) is smaller in the rim area of said carrier (3).
6. The electrical plane heating element according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   that one part of said carbon fibers (5) is activated, i.e. generates heat energy, whereas the other part of said carbon fibers is deactivated, i.e. does not generate heat energy.
7. The electrical plane heating element according to claim 6,
   characterized in that
   that part of said carbon fibers (5) which does not generate heat energy is being deactivated by the carbon fibers being cut off.
8. The electrical plane heating element according to one of claims 1 or 2 and 6 or 7,
   characterized in that
   said carbon fibers (5) are arranged in an evenly spaced order.
9. The electrical plane heating element according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   said carrier (3) is glued to said plate (2).
10. The electrical plane heating element according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a cover plate (6) is being provided with said carrier (3) being located between said cover plate (6) and said plate (2).
11. The electrical plane heating element according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    said carbon fibers (5) are adapted to be operated with different electrical power in different areas.
12. The electrical plane heating element according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    said carbon fibers (5) have different electrical resistances within said carriers (3).
13. The electrical plane heating element according to claim 12,
    characterized in that
    the carbon fibers (5) exhibiting a higher electrical resistance are located at the rim area of said carrier (3).

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