EP2147191B1 - Hydraulic ram comprising square-section locking wires - Google Patents

Abstract

A hydraulic prop 1 is provided for use in underground mining and tunnel construction and is to be used above all in the shield support. In this shield support or in the hydraulic prop 1, the exterior pipe 15 having the foot connection part 16 and the handle 17 and the interior pipe 19 having the head plate 20 are effectively connected together via spring steel wire ties 35 which are disposed or are to be disposed in corresponding connecting grooves 36, 37, 38 or 39, 40 41 such that in the transition region 42 sufficiently high forces can be transferred so as to ensure a connection between the components which is effective and remains effective. A setting pressure of 600 t can be realized at about 700 bar with the corresponding equipment. The connecting technique permits the use of high-strength thinner-walled pipes.

Description

The invention relates to a hydraulic ram for use in underground mining and tunneling with an outer tube endseitigem Fußanschlussteil and attached to the opposite end of the tube handle and a displaceable in the outer tube inner tube with end-side top plate and associated filling / robbery valve, pressure relief valve and insertable in connecting grooves security wires for Outer tube, foot connection part and handle as well as inner tube and top plate.

Such hydraulic rams are used both as a single stamp as well as in Ausbauugestellen and Schildausbaugestellen. To actuate the cylinder they are acted upon by a hydraulic fluid, which may be oil, water, water in oil, plasma or other liquid or air. The used in underground mining and tunneling for safety reasons water-oil emulsion is first compressed in a high-pressure pump and then fed via hose or similar lines the hydraulic ram or the cylinder. About valves, the extension and retraction of the hydraulic ram is controlled, being always worked with one and the same pressure, namely the dependent of the performance of the high-pressure pump pressure, today usually around 360 bar. Especially in underground mining and tunneling, however, a higher pressure level is desired. Since with conventional inner and outer tubes by the necessary wall thickness already at today's 360 - 400 bar considerable weights are to cope with, and conventional pumps do not provide a higher pressure level, it is previously forced to do it in the present circumstances leave. From the DE 102 29 303.1 A1 It is known that the outer and inner tubes forming the hydraulic ram as well as the required additional parts such as head plate, Fußanschlussteil and handle to connect via so-called security wires together. The used in the cross-section round fuse wires allow it in the design shown there to dispense with the otherwise necessary welding to connect these individual components. For this purpose, the round safety wires shown here can be inserted into the same configuration connecting grooves, so as to achieve the connection of the individual components. These fuse wires are preformed, made of spring steel round wires, which have a smaller diameter than conventional safety wires and yet can transmit high forces up to about 40 t. Although two such security wires are used in the particularly loaded connection areas, namely between the outer tube and base plate and the inner tube and top plate in this prior art, thereby the forces to be absorbed or absorbed are not significantly higher.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a suitable for the - high pressure area, thin-walled and thus easy to handle hydraulic ram, which is therefore also used with a set pressure of about 600 t.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that the fuse wires are designed as rectangular wire anchors, preferably made of spring steel, which can be stored in a width corresponding to the "spring steel wire anchors" connecting groove and from this in the transition region and thus in the opposite trained and in the width corresponding connecting groove displaceable and where the pipe parts are designed to connect together.

By the corresponding change in the cross sections of these fuse wires, it is possible to provide a spring steel wire anchor, the Although it can no longer be inserted into the connecting groove, but can be inserted into a corresponding connecting groove and pushed out of this in the connection area to the other component to perform there the necessary coupling or connection work. The rectangular spring steel wire is arranged so that it can be loaded over the longer axis when connecting the individual components or during their later activity. It has been found that with the help of such spring steel wire anchor very high forces can be taken without the risk that the individual hydraulic stamp components are detached from each other or be solved. Instead, setting pressures of up to about 600 t and more can be absorbed or applied, ie if such a hydraulic ram is provided with a device by which the pressure within the cylinder is increased well above 400 bar, preferably up to about 700 bar. Such a method and such a cylinder are known from DE 103 06 128 A1 known. Above all, it is possible, because of this connection technique, to use tubes made of carbon steels, which have an enormous strength, so that it is possible to work with thin-walled tubes as a whole. Thin-walled carbon steel tubes are much lighter than previous weldable tubes. Such high-strength pipes have strengths of over 80 kg.

According to an expedient embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the securing wire receiving connection groove is formed in the top plate or in the handle and the Fußanschlussteil and the oppositely formed connecting groove is assigned to the outer tube or the inner tube. Thus, it is initially possible to insert the relatively stiff spring steel wire anchor or the corresponding fuse wire in the connecting groove, for example in the top plate, in the handle or in Fußanschlussteil and then insert the outer tube or inner tube accordingly. Since the fuse wire so the spring steel wire anchor is in its groove, the insertion process can not be hindered by the fuse wire. In addition, the safety wire is now from the outside to influence so that it partially pushes into the connecting groove in the outer tube or inner tube, so bridged the transition region between the two grooves and the connection is made effectively. It is understood that the fuse wire is fixed in this transition region is, for which further explanations follow.

In order to ensure the insertion process described above and on the other hand to achieve that the fuse wire exactly in the transition region, d. H. Thus, when positioned in both grooves, the invention provides that the securing wire receiving connecting groove has a securing wire completely receiving depth, while the opposite connecting groove is designed with an approximately 50% of the security wire thickness corresponding depth. The fuse wire can thus be pushed as described only limited in the opposite connection groove so that it remains with the other half in the original groove, so that the connection described between the two components is guaranteed. Too much displacement of the fuse wire is thus effectively prevented.

The shifting of the safety wire from the receiving connecting groove into the opposite connecting groove has already been described several times in a simple and expedient manner in that adjusting screws acting on the respective securing wire are arranged over the circumference of the inner tube surround of the head plate and the outer tube surround of the foot connection part or the handle. These adjusting screws can be actuated by the outer wall of the top plate or the Fußanschlussteils and the handle to evenly move the fuse wire from the female - connecting groove into the opposite Verbindungsnut.

Since no closed ring can be used as a security wire, since it changes its length when moving, safe handling and at the same time a secure fixing of the fuse wire in the "end position" is ensured by the invention, the distance of the screws to the Security wire ends reduced, preferably halved. The fuse wire is thus fixed and held all around, without the protruding in some respects security wire ends are kept free of the connection effect. Rather, the entire fuse wire is an advantageous secure connection element.

In order to make screwing in the screws quickly and safely and on the other hand to avoid protruding components, the invention provides that the screws on the opposite end of the support surface have an Allen. Thus, the set screw can be completely turned into the corresponding hole and used to effectively push the safety wire into the connecting position.

The rotation process or, more precisely, the displacement process is facilitated by the fact that the support surface of the screws is slightly curved outward, so that when screwing the screws advantageously reduced friction occurs.

Earlier it has already been pointed out that the spring steel wire anchor receiving connecting groove and the opposite connecting groove have a corresponding width, so that the movement of the spring steel wire anchor or the fuse wires can be done easily, which is still optimized according to the invention in that the security wires rounded Have edges. It is actually sufficient if the edges are rounded, which face the opposite connecting groove, because only these have to move into this connection groove, but automatically slide into the receiving connection groove when relieving

It has been pointed out earlier that setting loads of 600 t can be achieved, this being the case in particular when the securing wires are at least 100 kg and at 5 - 7 mm, preferably 6 mm in height, a width of 15 - 20 mm, preferably 17 mm. especially the Choosing the appropriate width is important to be able to safely absorb the necessary forces and to ensure the connection between the individual components of the hydraulic ram.

From the DE 103 06 128 A1 is known a method and a corresponding cylinder over which the described pressure increases are possible. According to the present invention, such a so-called packer is integrated into the hydraulic ram, for which the invention provides that the head plate is associated with a so-called packer consisting of a displaceably arranged in the piston rod tensioning piston with insertable into the cylinder chamber clamping piston rod, wherein the clamping piston the pressure fluid in the cylinder chamber is once again highly compressible. The top plate is to be designed accordingly to safely receive the so-called packer and also provided with the necessary connections to move the clamping piston or the clamping piston rod so that in the cylinder chamber, a substantially increased pressure. It is understood that the pressure fluid is already applied during the normal setting process with the known 360 or 400 bar, so that appropriate set pressures are achieved. These are then brought into the further described amount of about 600 t by the clamping piston rod is pressed into the cylinder chamber, so as to further tension the hydraulic fluid.

To actuate the hydraulic ram, ie for extension and also for screwing a switching device is required, the invention provides that the outer tube is associated with a switching device with pressure relief valve via a releasable clamp. This design has the advantage that movements and influences of the connecting pipes on the outer tube remain harmless to the fixation of the switching device. The detachable clamp allows a limited movement easily, without causing damage.

According to the invention, it is provided that the clamp has two half-shells which can be connected to one another via screws and on which the housing of the switching device and possibly a second one provided for safety. Pressure relief valve is welded. Since the switching device, in particular the connecting parts to the pressure relief valves thus limited "move" relative to the outer tube, damage can not come and also the welds between the housing or other components and the half shells are completely unaffected by vibrations occurring. Above all, however, the components can be so securely connected to the non-weldable, made of high-strength steel tubes.

The possibly also affecting the components of the pressure relief valve vibrations remain innocuous even for this important component because it is provided according to the invention that the switching device associated pressure relief valve on the input side has a flow regulator. This flow regulator ensures that, when the pressure limiting valve responds, it remains free of vibration due to the pressure fluid flowing through it, which has a positive effect on the components of the pressure limiting valve. Damage in or on the pressure relief valve and on the hydraulic ram does not occur.

Since working with very high pressures, appropriate seals must be used. In particular, in the case of the moving components, but also in the fixed components, it is advantageous if additional support rings are arranged in metal in the grooves in which the seals associated with the fuse wires are arranged. This increases the service life of such seals and additionally secures the sealing process.

In order to avoid friction when pushing out the inner tube from the outer tube, it is advantageous if both ends of the tube of the inner tube, a wide Teflon ring is assigned arranged in a Breitnut. Such a Teflon ring or the wide groove can have a length of 10 mm and more and contribute to this significantly that when pushing out of the inner tube from the outer tube as well as when reinserting no friction losses occur, at the same time also seal these Teflon rings advantageous additional.

The invention is characterized in particular by the fact that a hydraulic ram has been created, which can be used as a single stamp, but above all in the shield, the items are welded together without welding and with a technique that works well and thus for The rough operation underground is ideally suited. The hydraulic punches can be used due to the described connection technology with extremely high setting pressure and up to 600 t and thus for the first time fully meet the high demands in today's mining and tunneling underground. The hydraulic rams consist of the inner and outer tubes as well as the connecting parts to the horizontal sleeper and to the hang-end cap of, for example, a walking frame. All parts are effectively connected as described only on the safety wires special design without these connections could be affected by the high pressures and loads. Due to this special bonding technique, materials can be used which make it possible to use very thin-walled pipes (eg by 30 mm). Above all, carbon steels have enormous strength and can be used here because just about any welding work has become superfluous. This is made possible mainly by the rectangular spring steel wire anchor, which can be effectively used in correspondingly formed grooves in the connection area between the components.

Figur 1

einen im untertägigen Bergbau eingesetzten Hydraulikstempel in einem hydraulischen Ausbau,

Figur 2

einen solchen Hydraulikstempel im Längsschnitt,

Figur 3

den Verbindungsbereich zur Liegendschwelle in vergrößerter Wiedergabe,

Figur 4

eine Querschnitt durch den Hydraulikstempel im Verbindungsbereich des so genannten Handgriffes,

Figur 5

eine vergrößerte Wiedergabe des Übergangsbereiches zwischen den Verbindungsnuten in den zu verbindenden Bauteilen, links in der Ausgangsstellung und rechts in der Verbindungsstellung und

Figur 6

einen Querschnitt durch den Hydraulikstempel im Bereich des Anschlusses für die Schalteinrichtung und die Druckbegrenzungsventile.

Further details and advantages of the subject invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings in which a preferred embodiment with the necessary details and individual parts is shown. Show it:

FIG. 1

a hydraulic punch used in underground mining in a hydraulic expansion,

FIG. 2

such a hydraulic ram in longitudinal section,

FIG. 3

the connection area to the horizontal threshold in enlarged reproduction,

FIG. 4

a cross section through the hydraulic ram in the connecting region of the so-called handle,

FIG. 5

an enlarged view of the transition region between the connecting grooves in the components to be connected, left in the starting position and right in the connecting position and

FIG. 6

a cross section through the hydraulic ram in the region of the connection for the switching device and the pressure relief valves.

A used in underground mining and tunneling hydraulic ram 1 is in FIG. 1 played. It is part of the hydraulic expansion 2, here a shield construction, which is used in the strut 3 to support the hanging wall 4 and 5 lying against each other and so to keep the created cavity open. The Hangendkappe 6 is also formed in several parts, such as the horizontal sleeper 7, wherein in the horizontal sleeper 7, a push cylinder 9 is housed, over which the longwall conveyor 8 can be moved in the direction of coal blast 10. Behind the shield removal of the break falls 11 and closes the cavity created again, the breaker plate 12 is employed and supported so that both during the extended hydraulic ram 1 as well as the retracted hydraulic ram 1 always enough security in the longwall 3 is guaranteed.

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through the hydraulic ram 1, wherein the outer tube is denoted by 15 and the inner tube 19. The outer tube 15 with the Fußanschlussteil 16 rests in the horizontal sleeper 7, not shown here, while the handle 17 forms the upper end portion of the outer tube 15. When the shield is removed, the actual handle can be dispensed with However, corresponding ring 18 is absolutely necessary, which simultaneously represents a insertion limit for the inner tube 19.

Between outer tube 15 and inner tube 19 remains an annular space 14, which is needed to support the insertion of the inner tube 19. Further details will be explained later.

The inner tube 19 is open at the tube end 74 with respect to the outer tube 15, so that when filling hydraulic fluid via the filling / predamper valve 21 or the switching device 24 into the cylinder chamber 80, the inner tube 19 is pushed out of the outer tube 15. This is at the im FIG. 1 shown expansion the hanging end cap 6 pressed against the hanging wall 4. In the process, the corresponding pressure then builds up in the cylinder space 80, which in the embodiment shown here can be built up to a set pressure of up to approximately 600 t. The cylinder chamber 80 is closed at the top by the top plate 20, which is fixed to the pipe end 73 of the inner tube 19. Further explanations will be given below.

The filling and also relieving takes place via the switching device 24, in which case additionally a pressure limiting valve 22 with a flow regulator 26 is provided. If, due to an overload in the cylinder chamber 80, the pressure there is too high, this pressure relief valve 22 opens without the vibrations possibly occurring through the connecting pipe 28 being able to have a disadvantageous effect. This prevents the described flow regulator 26. The switching device 24 and the pressure relief valve 22 are connected via a connecting pipe 28 with the cylinder chamber 80, said connecting pipe 28 via brackets 27, 27 'is easy and safe to connect. On the other hand, a safety pressure relief valve 23 is shown, which is not absolutely necessary, but can be used for safety reasons. Both this safety pressure limiting valve 23 and the housing 65 of the switching device 24 are fixed via a detachable clamp 25 on the outer tube 15.

As already mentioned, when the switching device 24 and the connecting tube 28 respond, the cylinder chamber 80 is filled with hydraulic fluid. If the inner tube 19 is then retracted later, so the hydraulic ram 1 are relieved, this movement is supported by pressurizing the Einschubbeschleunigeranschlusses 33 with hydraulic fluid. The pressure fluid then acts on the piston 29 of the inner tube 19 and ensures a rapid retraction of the inner tube 19th

To connect the items of the hydraulic ram 1 here fuse wires 30, 31, 32 are used. All fuse wires 30, 31, 32 are formed as rectangular spring steel wire anchors 35. They sit in connecting grooves 36, 37, 38 and can be inserted via adjusting screws 48, 49, 50, 51 in the opposite connecting grooves 39, 40, 41, so that they then bridge the transition region 42 and ensure that the corresponding components effectively connected are.

The fuse wire 30 is seated in the connecting groove 38 and 41. The fuse wire 31 is seated in the connecting groove 37 and 40, the fuse wire 32 finally in the connecting groove 36 and 39. Since the corresponding connecting grooves are naturally housed in opposing components, an Innenrohrumfassung 44 for In this way, the various Verbindungsnute 36 - 41 can be conveniently accommodated, with details in particular the Figures 3 . 4 and 5 can be removed.

To increase the set pressure in the hydraulic ram 1, a clamping piston 78 is housed in the region of the top plate 20, which is movable or displaceable with its clamping piston rod 79 in the piston rod 77. The clamping piston rod 79 is thereby pushed into the cylinder space 80, so as to increase the pressure. 81 designates the tensioning piston connection, via which pressure fluid can thus be forced into the area above the tensioning piston 78.

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the footrest used in the sleepers 7 foot connector 16. Here it can be seen that the fuse wire 30 is brought into a position that can extend it in part into the connecting groove 40 and the connecting groove 38. It thus bridges the transition region 42 and ensures that here the Außenrohrumfassung 45 is effectively connected to the outer tube 15. With 34 test ports are designated here, via which the pressure conditions in the cylinder chamber 80 can be checked and monitored. At the lower end of the tube 74, a Teflon ring 75 is shown, which rests in a wide groove 76. This wide Teflon ring 75 ensures that no friction losses occur. At the same time he also writes poetry. An identically formed Teflon ring is also reproduced at the pipe end 73 and also designated there by 75.

Next, a sealing ring 70 is arranged above this Teflon ring 75 in the Breitnut 76, which is fixed on both sides by a support ring 71, 71 '. This sealing ring 70 with the support rings 71, 71 'rests in a groove 69th

The arrangement and design of the connection areas with the spring steel wire anchors 35 in the form of the locking wires 30, 31, 32 is in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 explained in more detail. In FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing both the Außenrohrumfassung 46 as the outer tube 15 and the inner tube 19. Fixed or connected here are the outer tube 15 and the Außenrohrumfassung 46 of the handle 17. The two components interconnecting fuse wire 31 has been here from the fuse wire 31 receiving groove 37 partially pushed into the groove 40 and that via the screws 48, 49, 50 and 51. These screws 48 - 51 influence the fuse wire 31 evenly, it is expedient to start with the adjusting screw 48. Finally, then the tightened set screws 49, 50 rotated from its outer position into the fixing position, where they then fix the fuse wire ends 53, 54. These securing wire ends 53, 54 move towards each other when being set or displaced within the connecting grooves 37, 40 without touching each other. This playback in FIG. 4 clearly shows how these safe security wires 30, 31, 32 moved in their connection position and can be fixed there in a safe and fast manner.

The FIG. 5 shows left the starting position of the spring steel wire anchor 35, wherein the adjusting screw 48 or 49 or 50 or 51 is in a position which ensures that the fuse wire 30, 31, 32 and the spring steel wire anchor 35 when inserting, for example, the outer tube 15 in the handle 17th no obstacle. For effective connection of both components, ie the handle 17 with the outer tube 15 is then the screw 48, 49, 50, 51 via the Imbus 57 at the opposite end of the support surface 55 from the connecting groove 37 in pushed in the connecting groove 40 in such a way that it then completely fills them, but in the transition region 42 always protrudes into the remaining opening of the connecting groove 37. In this way, both components are effectively interconnected.

The support surface 55 is slightly bent outwardly toward the spring steel wire anchor 35 and the edges 58 of the spring steel wire anchor 35 are slightly rounded so as to facilitate and secure insertion into the connection groove 40.

The position of the packer 60 in the region of the top plate 20 has already been mentioned earlier. The name Packer should make it clear that a significant increase in pressure is generated here.

FIG. 6 Finally, the connection of the switching device 24 and the pressure relief valves 22, 23 with the outer tube 15. To the particular through the connecting pipes 28 to make any possible vibrations on this determination on the outer tube 15 harmless, these components are connected via a releasable clamp 25 together. It also supports the use of non-weldable high-strength pipes. This detachable clamp 25 consists of two half-shells 62, 63, which are to be connected by screws 64 together. The housing 65 or the pressure relief valve 22, 23 are defined by welds 66, 67 on this releasable clamp 25, so that occurring movements and the like can not affect the connection with the outer tube 15.

Claims (15)

1. A hydraulic prop for underground mining and tunnelling with an outer pipe (15) with connecting base at the lower end (16) and a handle (17) at the opposite end of the pipe; and having an inner pipe (19) slidably arranged within the outer pipe (15) having a top plate (20) at the end face and an associated filling / release valve (21), pressure relief valve (22) and interlocking wires (30) to be inserted into connecting grooves (36) for securing the outer pipe (15), the connecting base (16) and the handle (17), as well as the inner pipe (19) and the top plate (20),
   characterised in that
   the interlocking wires (30, 31, 32) are shaped in the form of rectangular wire anchors (35), preferably made from spring steel and able to be held in a connecting groove (36, 37, 38) the width of which corresponds to the width of the spring steel wire anchors (35), allowing the wires to be moved from said groove to the transition zone (42) and thus to the opposite connecting groove (39, 40, 41); and the pipe components to be connected.
2. The hydraulic prop according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the connecting groove (36, 37, 38) housing the interlocking wire (30, 31, 32) is formed in the top plate (20) or in the handle (17) and the connecting base (16) and that the opposite connecting groove (39, 40, 41) is associated to the outer (15) or the inner pipe (19) respectively.
3. The hydraulic prop according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the connecting groove (36, 37, 38) housing the interlocking wire (30, 31, 32) provides a depth fully receiving the interlocking wire (30, 31, 32) whereas the opposite connecting groove (39, 40, 41) is provided with a depth receiving only about 50 % of the depth of the interlocking wire.
4. The hydraulic prop according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   over the circumference of the collar of the inner pipe (44) of the top plate (20) and the collar of the outer pipe (45, 46) of the connecting base (16) and the handle (17), set screws (48, 49, 50, 51) are arranged which act upon the respective interlocking wire (30, 31, 32).
5. The hydraulic prop according to claim 4,
   characterised in that
   the spacing of the set screws (49, 50) at the ends of the interlocking wire (53, 54) is reduced, preferably halved.
6. The hydraulic prop according to claim 4,
   characterised in that
   the set screws (48, 49, 50, 51) are provided with a socket head (57) at the opposite end (56) of their bearing surface (55).
7. The hydraulic prop according to claim 6,
   characterised in that
   the bearing surface (55) of the set screws (48, 51) is given a slight convex shape.
8. The hydraulic prop according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the edges (58) of the interlocking wires (30, 31, 32) are rounded off.
9. The hydraulic prop according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the interlocking wires (30, 31, 32) have a tensile strength of at least 100 kg, and preferably have a width of 15 - 20 mm, preferably 17 mm at a height of 5 to 7 mm, preferably 6 mm.
10. The hydraulic prop according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    a so-called packer (60) is associated to the top plate (20), which packer comprises of a tension piston (78) slidably arranged in the piston rod (77), allowing the piston rod (79) of the tension piston to be pushed into the cylinder space (80), said tension piston (78) having the capability to further compress the pressurized fluid in the cylinder space (80).
11. The hydraulic prop according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the outer pipe (15) is associated to a control gear (24) with a pressure relief valve (22) secured by a detachable clamp (25).
12. The hydraulic prop according to claim 11,
    characterised in that
    the clamp (25) has two half-shells (62, 63) connectable by screws (64), on which shells the housing of the control gear (24) and if required, a second pressure relief valve (23) acting as safety valve, is welded.
13. The hydraulic prop according to claim 11,
    characterised in that
    the pressure relief valve (22) associated to the control gear (24) is provided with a flow equalizer (26) on the inlet side.
14. The hydraulic prop according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    additional metal backup rings (71) are arranged in the grooves (69), where the seals (70) are arranged which are associated to the interlocking wires (30, 31, 32).
15. The hydraulic prop according to one of the preceding claims
    characterised in that
    a wide Teflon ring (75) is placed in a wide groove (76) provided at both pipe ends (73, 74) of the inner pipe (19).

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