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EP2018445B1 - Procédé pour produire des contacts cuivre-chrome pour des interrupteurs à vide - Google Patents

Procédé pour produire des contacts cuivre-chrome pour des interrupteurs à vide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2018445B1
EP2018445B1 EP07728906A EP07728906A EP2018445B1 EP 2018445 B1 EP2018445 B1 EP 2018445B1 EP 07728906 A EP07728906 A EP 07728906A EP 07728906 A EP07728906 A EP 07728906A EP 2018445 B1 EP2018445 B1 EP 2018445B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chromium
copper
strip
contact
sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07728906A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2018445A2 (fr
Inventor
Werner Hartmann
Roman Renz
Andreas Stelzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2018445A2 publication Critical patent/EP2018445A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2018445B1 publication Critical patent/EP2018445B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B22D11/004—Copper alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0611—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a single casting wheel, e.g. for casting amorphous metal strips or wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production of copper-chrome contacts for vacuum switches.
  • Vacuum interrupters for the power supply and distribution require electrical switching contacts made of an arc-resistant material, which the high thermal loads of z. T. over 5 MW / cm 2 , no gaseous or other harmful impurities is released and in particular can be produced economically.
  • Most copper-containing materials are used for switching contacts in vacuum interrupters, predominantly a mixture of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr), where i. a. the chromium content is between 20% -m (mass%) and 50% (mass%).
  • the special contact shapes used in vacuum switching technology button or disc contact, spiral contact, pot contact, or axial magnetic field contact) require that the contact area must be machined so that material thicknesses of at least 2 to 3 mm are required.
  • remelting materials can be produced by remelting a coarsely pre-sintered cylinder made of CuCr to a high-density, homogeneous, fine-grained material using an electric arc in a noble gas atmosphere. Slices are then sawn from the cylindrical blanks obtained therefrom, which are subsequently machined again in order to obtain suitable end contours, slots and / or surfaces of the contacts. In particular, the necessary elimination of burrs which are produced during machining forms leads to high costs of contacts made in this way.
  • a CuCr material Due to the high chromium content, a CuCr material is only suitable for the simplest forms of contact for contouring through punching. When machining the hard material, high tool wear with correspondingly high tool costs is unavoidable.
  • the US 4,780,582 discloses a switching contact of copper and chrome for vacuum interrupters. Furthermore, be on the JP 10-287939 which discloses a method of making contacts of copper, such as electronic components such as switches or vacuum switches.
  • the inventive method is based on the processing of a melt of CuCr by rapid solidification to thin, typically 1 to 2 mm thick strips or sheets, which can be set by the cooling rate of the melt, a Cr concentration profile perpendicular to the sheet surface targeted. It is made use of the technology of manufacturing amorphous metals, in which by rapid solidification, the metal is converted into a thermodynamic non-equilibrium. Such amorphous metals are also referred to as metal glasses.
  • the chromium (Cr) naturally accumulates on the surface and the resulting density profile is "frozen” during solidification.
  • Post-processing of the switching contacts is advantageously only in the region of the connection points to the contact carriers, i. in the solder range, necessary to produce the necessary tolerances and surface qualities.
  • the inexpensive punched contacts thus produced can be connected as contact pads with contact-bearing structures, for. B. by brazing to achieve the required mechanical strength.
  • the main advantages of the described method are on the one hand in the material savings by eliminating machining (sawing, turning, milling) as well as by targeted adjustment of electrical engineering necessary material thickness.
  • machining sawing, turning, milling
  • punching process results in shorter production times and lower operating costs, since punching is easier to automate instead of turning and milling.
  • the decisive advantage of the invention on the electro-technical side is a considerably improved switching behavior on the one hand by the natural setting of a fine-grained structure near the surface, on the other hand also by the improved heat conduction through the positive Cu gradient to the contact bottom.
  • the chrome-copper state diagram shows 100% chrome on the left side and 100% copper on the right side.
  • the chromium is known to have a comparatively high Melting point, namely 1550 ° C.
  • copper has a comparatively low melting point, namely 1083 ° C.
  • a eutectic is formed at a copper content of 98.2.
  • Below the melting point of copper there is a narrow range of solubility for chromium. Otherwise, in the solid state below 700 ° C copper and chromium are not soluble in each other.
  • the state diagram chromium-copper furthermore exhibits the peculiarity of a miscibility gap in the liquid state, whereby a monotectic is formed: above the monotectic temperature of 1470 ° C., the range is between about 6% copper and 58% copper up to a temperature of about 2000 ° C two different CuCr melts, which are not miscible with each other.
  • the latter means that first of all a homogeneous melt of more than 2000 ° C. has to be produced, which is then cooled rapidly in order to obtain the "homogeneous state"("freeze”). This can, for example, by arc remelting according to the EP 0 115 292 B1 be achieved.
  • FIG. 2 A microstructure of a copper-chromium material produced by the arc remelting process is shown in FIG. 2 shown. Specifically, in FIG. 2 Reference numeral 21 is a copper matrix in which chromium particles 22 are precipitated. Overall, the predetermined chromium content results in a largely isotropic size and concentration distribution of the chromium particles 22 in the copper matrix 21.
  • FIG. 3 an arrangement is shown as it is commonly known for the production of amorphous metal films ("supercooled glasses").
  • the reference numeral 31 a rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the paper plane I rotatable copper wheel, 32 a trough with a cooling bath for the copper wheel 31 and 33 a reservoir for a CuCr melt.
  • the electric heater and other control means are in FIG. 3 not shown.
  • the solidification process in contrast to the process used in the production of metallic glasses, so led that the resulting CuCr layer is not homogeneous over the thickness of the resulting metal strip, but a concentration gradient of the excreted chromium is such that Preferably, the lighter chromium accumulates on the top surface of the belt. This is facilitated by the fact that the underside first solidifies, the upper portion of the resulting strip (sheet) but remains liquid longer and thus migrate the deposited Cr particles by their buoyancy in the heavier liquid copper to the top, where a concentration of chromium takes place.
  • a thin strip 50 or a sheet of predetermined thickness thus results with a copper and chromium concentration corresponding to the melt.
  • the width of the band 50 is predetermined by the transverse extent of the copper roller 31. With appropriate dimensioning can also produce sheets of greater width.
  • the particular advantage of the specified production method is that segregation of the constituents can be predetermined according to their specific weight of the components during the cooling process. This means that the lighter components, in this case the chrome particles or droplets, diffuse to the surface.
  • FIG. 4 A microstructure of such a band-shaped contact material is in FIG. 4 shown.
  • the grinding is done in the direction perpendicular to the band 50 FIG. 3 ,
  • FIG. 4 51 denotes the copper matrix and 52 denotes the chromium particles present therein.
  • a now anisotropic concentration distribution of the chromium portion perpendicular to the surface of the strip 50 is recognized. On the surface of the strip 50 results a high chromium concentration and a finely dispersed distribution of the chromium particles. On the underside of the band 50, on the other hand, a low chromium concentration is present.
  • the overall thermal conductivity perpendicular to the contact surface is greatly positively influenced, resulting in an improved switching behavior, especially in terms of a higher switching capacity, compared to homogeneous, the prior art corresponding contacts.
  • the latter facilitates in particular the connection of the contact pad to contact carriers, which usually consist of copper.
  • contact carriers usually consist of copper.
  • the chromium content is of particular importance. This is now concentrated on the surface of the contact pads.
  • FIG. 5 50 means the alloy band out FIG. 3 , which for example has a thickness of 2 mm.
  • disks 60 with, for example, four radial slots 61 to 64 can be punched out with a tool (not shown in detail). It is essential that only a single appropriately trained tool is needed and that in particular a subsequent machining is no longer required. This achieves a further reduction of the manufacturing costs compared to the prior art.
  • FIG. 6 A complete vacuum switch contact 100 for use as a radial field or axial field contact in vacuum switching devices is in FIG. 6 shown.
  • the vacuum switch contact 100 consists of a contact pin 110 for current conduction and a contact pot 120 with slits 121 to 124 in the pot wall.
  • the contact disk 60 On the upper edge of the contact pot 120, the contact disk 60 is made FIG. 5 fixed by brazing in such a way that the slots 61 to 64 connect to the slots 121 to 124 in the wall of the contact pot 120.
  • FIG. 6 form the complete contact arrangement for a vacuum switch. Depending on whether the slits in the contact wells in the same direction or against each other, a total of a radial or axially extending to the contact arrangement magnetic field is generated, which has an effect on the switching behavior.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de production de contacts en cuivre ( Cu ) et en chrome ( Cr ) comme contacts de commutation pour des interrupteurs à vide, dans lequel on établit, à partir d'un matériau fusible en CuCr par refroidissement rapide à température ambiante, une concentration prescrite de chrome à l'équilibre non thermodynamique,
    comprenant les stades de procédé suivants :
    - on produit au moyen d'un procédé de coulée avec refroidissement rapide, comme matériau de contact pour les contacts de commutation, un feuillard ou une tôle mince en cuivre ( Cu ) et en chrome ( Cr ), dans lequel
    - pour la production du feuillard ou de la tôle, on coule du cuivre-chrome liquide d'une concentration prescrite à une température haute sur un cylindre tournant, des moyens de refroidissement étant associés à ce cylindre, de manière à refroidir l'alliage métallique liquide,
    - on découpe dans le feuillard ou dans la tôle un support de contact et
    - on fixe la partie découpée sur un porte-contact.
  2. Procédé de production suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le feuillard ou la tôle a une épaisseur de 1 à 2 mm.
  3. Procédé de production suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on règle de manière définie la vitesse de refroidissement.
  4. Procédé de production suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, par la vitesse de refroidissement réglée de manière définie, on établit un profil de concentration de chrome prescrit perpendiculairement à la surface du feuillard/de la tôle.
  5. Procédé de production suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que, sur la base de différences de masse volumique du chrome et du cuivre, la surface du feuillard ou de la tôle s'enrichit en chrome.
  6. Procédé de production suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la fixation de la pièce découpée sur le porte-contact s'effectue par brasage dur.
  7. Procédé de production suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un support de contact sur le porte-contact est formé par la pièce découpée.
EP07728906A 2006-05-10 2007-05-08 Procédé pour produire des contacts cuivre-chrome pour des interrupteurs à vide Not-in-force EP2018445B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006021772A DE102006021772B4 (de) 2006-05-10 2006-05-10 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kupfer-Chrom-Kontakten für Vakuumschalter und zugehörige Schaltkontakte
PCT/EP2007/054453 WO2007128819A2 (fr) 2006-05-10 2007-05-08 Procédé pour produire des contacts cuivre-chrome pour des interrupteurs à vide et contacts de commutation correspondants

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2018445A2 EP2018445A2 (fr) 2009-01-28
EP2018445B1 true EP2018445B1 (fr) 2010-09-22

Family

ID=38579926

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07728906A Not-in-force EP2018445B1 (fr) 2006-05-10 2007-05-08 Procédé pour produire des contacts cuivre-chrome pour des interrupteurs à vide

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2018445B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101460640B (fr)
AT (1) ATE482295T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102006021772B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007128819A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT11814U1 (de) 2010-08-03 2011-05-15 Plansee Powertech Ag Verfahren zum pulvermetallurgischen herstellen eines cu-cr-werkstoffs
CN112683057B (zh) * 2020-12-25 2021-09-14 东北大学 一种用于制备固态电解质材料的多模块真空设备
CN113084129B (zh) * 2021-04-09 2022-04-01 江苏瑞德磁性材料有限公司 一种金属薄膜的制备装置及制备方法
CN116574937B (zh) * 2023-05-08 2023-10-03 江苏爱斯凯电气有限公司 一种用作真空开关的触头材料及其制备方法
CN118989353B (zh) * 2024-10-25 2025-04-08 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 基于slm对混粉烧结铜铬触头表面致密度改性的方法及铜铬触头

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2509406C3 (de) * 1975-03-04 1979-02-22 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren zur automatischen Herstellung einer elektrischen Widerstandsschweißverbindung zwischen einem aus einem Metallband herausgestanzten Kontakt und einem Kontaktträger sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US4221257A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-09-09 Allied Chemical Corporation Continuous casting method for metallic amorphous strips
DE3303170A1 (de) * 1983-01-31 1984-08-02 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zum herstellen von kupfer-chrom-schmelzlegierungen als kontaktwerkstoff fuer vakuum-leistungsschalter
DE3565907D1 (en) * 1984-07-30 1988-12-01 Siemens Ag Vacuum contactor with contact pieces of cucr and process for the production of such contact pieces
JPS6149753A (ja) * 1984-08-13 1986-03-11 Nippon Steel Corp 金属薄帯および線の製造方法
CH671534A5 (fr) * 1986-03-14 1989-09-15 Escher Wyss Ag
DE3829250A1 (de) * 1988-08-29 1990-03-01 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines kontaktwerkstoffes fuer vakuumschalter
DE3938234A1 (de) * 1988-11-19 1990-05-31 Glyco Metall Werke Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines schichtwerkstoffes fuer gleitelemente
DE3842919C2 (de) * 1988-12-21 1995-04-27 Calor Emag Elektrizitaets Ag Schaltstück für einen Vakuumschalter
DE4003018A1 (de) * 1990-02-02 1991-08-08 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur herstellung monotektischer legierungen
GB2274656B (en) * 1993-01-29 1996-12-11 London Scandinavian Metall Alloying additive
JPH10287939A (ja) * 1997-04-17 1998-10-27 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The 打抜加工性に優れた電気電子機器用銅合金
CN1264143A (zh) * 2000-02-24 2000-08-23 周武平 真空开关铜铬系触头材料的制造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2018445A2 (fr) 2009-01-28
CN101460640B (zh) 2015-05-20
WO2007128819A3 (fr) 2008-11-20
DE102006021772B4 (de) 2009-02-05
CN101460640A (zh) 2009-06-17
WO2007128819A2 (fr) 2007-11-15
DE102006021772A1 (de) 2007-11-15
ATE482295T1 (de) 2010-10-15
DE502007005146D1 (de) 2010-11-04

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