EP2009189A1 - Solid and stable construction material with adhesive layer - Google Patents

Abstract

The solid, shape-retaining building material (1) to construct stationary buildings e.g. in the form of a stone for producing brickwork as brick, lime sandstone and gas- or aerated concrete stone and/or in form of a plate-shaped element for overlaying brickwork as tile, slab-stone, insulation plate, ethernet plate, slate slab, roofing tile, roofing shingle and wooden plate or wooden board, comprises a flat surface (2) partially provided with an adhesive layer (3) having three layers, which are formed as carrier. The building material has a basic shape in the form of cuboid or plate-shaped. The solid, shape-retaining building material (1) to construct stationary buildings e.g. in the form of a stone for producing brickwork as brick, lime sandstone and gas- or aerated concrete stone and/or in form of a plate-shaped element for overlaying brickwork as tile, slab-stone, insulation plate, ethernet plate, slate slab, roofing tile, roofing shingle and wooden plate or wooden board, comprises a flat surface (2) partially provided with an adhesive layer (3) having three layers, which is formed as carrier. The building material has a basic shape in the form of cuboid or plate-shaped, two rectangular or quadratic base surfaces oppositely lying with each other and four front surfaces connecting with one another. The external layers of the adhesive layer consist of different materials. The external areas or layers of the adhesive layer consists of physically-active and/or hardened adhesive, and pressure-sensitive adhesive, and has high viscosity of 15.000 mPas or more, and a glass transition temperature of -30[deg] C or less. The flat surface has non-coherent adhesive areas. Gaps between the areas of the adhesive layer are provided with constant width of 15 cm or more. The individual areas of the adhesive layer have a prolate shape with a constant width of 20 mm or less. The outwardly turned side of the adhesive layer is covered with a detachable covering layer (4) e.g. a removable film and/or a removable paper.

Description

The invention is directed to a solid, dimensionally stable building material for creating stationary structures, for example. In the form of a stone for the production of masonry, especially as bricks, lime sandstone, gas or aerated concrete block, etc., and / or in the form of a plate-shaped element for covering of masonry, in particular as a tile, tile, insulation board, Ethernitplatte, slate, roof tiles, shingles, wooden board or board, etc.

Usually such building materials are bonded together by a chemically setting compound, for example. Mortar, tile adhesive, etc. This is on the one hand very labor intensive, because such a mass must be mixed on the spot and processed by a professional. Then, such substances require a setting time of several hours, usually about one day, so that on a working day usually only a limited daily work can be created and then this must first be given opportunity to solidify.

From these disadvantages of the described prior art, the problem initiating the invention results in finding a way in which the creation of structures from individual components can be made more economical in terms of labor.

The solution to this problem is achieved in that at least one approximately flat surface of a generic component is preferably partially provided with an immediately adhesive layer of adhesive.

In contrast to the adhesives used hitherto, this is not a chemically setting adhesive which can only be kept in a stickable state for a limited period of time, but a non-chemically setting adhesive which remains adhesive over very long periods of time and, if required ie when creating a building, immediately available.

It has proven to be favorable that the solid, dimensionally stable building material consists of a non-metallic material. For example, inorganic materials, in particular ceramics, concrete or the like, are also particularly suitable. Further, stones which are commonly used for creating masonry, such as bricks, are also hollow blocks, etc., as well as organic, foamed material, in particular polystyrene, and building material from a renewable resource, especially from wood. Of great advantage are substances which are not subject to progressive oxidation, because the only superficial adhesive needs a solid surface structure to permanently set a solid component can. Low-grade, rusting or oxidizing metals are hardly suitable.

For the adhesive system according to the invention, it is advantageous that the surfaces to be bonded are tight and as parallel as possible to each other; which is particularly given when the solid, dimensionally stable building material at least partially has approximately flat surfaces, or even an approximately parallelepiped and / or plate-shaped basic shape, preferably with two opposite, square, in particular rectangular or square base surfaces and four interconnecting these end surfaces ,

Such components are for the production of masonry with their faces up and / or juxtaposed, if the bases are approximately perpendicular to this, these are lined up in a common escape side and / or one above the other and together form a wall of the masonry.

In order for an adhesive layer to fulfill its purpose-the strongest possible connection of the component to at least one neighboring component-it should be applied to at least one such end face of a component which adjoins a similar component when placed against other similar components.

If such an adhesive layer is applied so that it extends completely between those edges of an end face, which border on adjacent end faces of other components, it may - just in the Gap between two adjacent components - bring about a complete seal, so that, for example. Even with untrimmed exposed masonry no scratches remain where a draft and thus possibly heat loss could occur.

Particular advantages arise when (each) an adhesive layer is applied to two adjacent end faces. Thus, all joints between adjacent components of masonry can be sealed; Two joints in the vicinity of one stone self seal the adhesive coating, the other two are sealed by the adhesive coatings of stones placed thereon.

Since in such cases preferably components of the material are lined up, in this case particularly adhesive layer (s) are suitable, which consists of (each) a single layer (exist). The adhesive coating then adheres optimally to both, mutually facing surfaces in the region of a masonry joint.

On the other hand, it is also possible for a (partial) adhesive layer to be applied to at least one base area of a component which does not adjoin a similar component when placed against other components. Of these, mainly covering plates are covered, which are either for isolation purposes or as a decor on a substrate, for example. A masonry attached. In this case, the individual plates are less connected with each other than rather in each case with the supporting ground, on which they rest with one of its two large base areas. For this purpose, therefore, a base is provided with the adhesive layer according to the invention.

In this case, the invention recommends applying an adhesive layer in such a way that it extends completely between two mutually opposite edges of a base surface of the component, preferably between the two shorter edges of the base concerned. Usually lining plates are cut or sawed off when needed transverse to its longitudinal direction.

In this case remains on each part sufficient for its fixation on a substrate adhesive area.

For the connection between an insulating and / or decorative plate and a supporting substrate is particularly suitable an adhesive layer of several layers. Because it usually applies different materials to connect with each other, for example. Styrofoam, wood or Ethernit panels on the one hand and brick masonry or concrete on the other. By using an adhesive with layers of different compositions, each ply can be optimized for the material to be adhered thereto.

Although the connection of the two outer adhesive layers could be done directly; However, further advantages arise when providing an intermediate layer between the two outer layers, so that the adhesive layer consists of a total of three layers.

The intermediate layer can be selected equally suitably for the connection with the two outer adhesive layers. In addition, it may be formed as a carrier, which facilitates the application of the adhesive layer to a component.

As the main constituent for the carrier layer, the following organic substances are particularly suitable: a woven fabric, for example, rayon-woven fabric; a nonwoven, for example paper fleece; or a solid paper as such; also a film, for example polyester film, polypropylene film, acetate film, PVC film, UPVC film, PET; or a foam, for example open-cell polyurethane foam, closed-cell soft PVC foam, closed-cell PE foam.

As already stated above, the two outer layers consist predominantly of different materials or material compositions in order to allow an optimal connection between different components.

It has been proven that at least outer regions or layers of the adhesive layer of a physically acting or bonding adhesive, and not - as most adhesives or binders that are used in construction - from chemically setting substances, change these substances hence their chemical structure is not; the adhesion is rather achieved physically, for example by hydrogen bonding with the building material to be bonded, or by electrostatic forces of attraction.

Furthermore, at least outer regions or layers of the adhesive layer should consist of a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Such substances do not bind, so do not solidify. They are set to low viscous and maintain their viscosity throughout their lifetime. This is a special form of physically setting adhesives. The actual adhesive is in the preparation of a pressure-sensitive adhesive as a solution in organic solvents, such as acrylates or rubbers; or in a dispersion of water, such as in an acrylate dispersion.

In the case of a pressure-sensitive adhesive, the base monomer is responsible for the cohesion and the resins, and plasticizers for the adhesion to the surface; all other additives are there for special properties.

A pressure sensitive adhesive need not set to form a cohesive and adhesive layer. It is capable of doing so immediately and must only be applied by pressure on the surface to adhere, such a pressure should be at least 0.2 MPa.

In addition, the surface of the parts to be joined and the viscosity of the pressure-sensitive adhesive plays a role. The lower the viscosity setting of the adhesive, the better the adhesive adapts to a surface. Even with coarse surfaces of the parts to be joined a good adhesion force prevails. On the other hand, the lower the viscosity of the adhesive, the worse the internal intermolecular strength of the adhesive, its cohesive strength, and the final strength are limited. It must So when choosing the viscosity setting to compromise between a high adhesive force at the beginning and a high final strength. The invention recommends a viscosity (at room temperature) of 5,000 mPa * s or more, preferably a viscosity of 10,000 mPa ^* s or more, in particular a viscosity of 15,000 mPa ^* s or more.

The invention gives the permanently adhesive pressure-sensitive adhesives preference over the soluble pressure-sensitive adhesives. For the permanent-adhesive types, the viscosity adjustment is very high; the pressure-sensitive adhesive forms a high final strength, but requires a correspondingly long contact pressure, since it has no quick initial adhesion. This is because the wetting of the surface does not take place as quickly as with the low viscosity adhesives. Here, the invention offers the possibility to combine adhesives with different adhesive properties, for example by spatially separated areas along the surfaces of the parts to be joined, so that, for example, one area is equipped with a high-viscosity pressure-sensitive adhesive, another with a lower-viscosity pressure-sensitive adhesive.

In order to ensure a high adhesive force and the required sufficient wetting of the surface of a component to be bonded, the adhesive layer must be in a permanently liquid state with very high viscosity. The requirement for a pseudo-liquid state requires that the glass transition temperature T _{g of} the pressure-sensitive adhesive or at least its main component should be well below 0 ° C, if possible at -10 ° C or below, preferably at -20 ° C or below, even better at -30 ° C or less, preferably at -40 ° C or below. Such substances have viscoelastic behavior at usual temperatures above their glass transition temperature.

It is also important for the development of the optimal adhesive strength for pressure-sensitive adhesives that the surface is relatively smooth, so that the pressure-sensitive adhesive can adhere quickly and easily. On the other hand, it does not require very much preparation of the surface or the surface. The adherends to be bonded should only be clean, because pressure-sensitive adhesives have a low surface tension and thus adhere well. It however, it should be noted that at high temperatures the shear strength and peel resistance is affected; furthermore, creeping phenomena could occur at high loads; Therefore, a given maximum load (shear strength) should not be exceeded.

In the case of single-layer adhesive layers and also at least for the outer (surface) regions or layers of a multilayer adhesive layer, organic-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, in particular in the form of polymers, are particularly suitable. Suitable base polymers include, for example, polyacrylates, polyesters, styrene-butadiene copolymers and / or rubbers. Preferably, they are physically setting one-component adhesives, which may be dissolved in solvents or dispersed in water. In the processed state, however, the solvent volatilizes to a low level of less than about 1%. Furthermore, these substances may have additives, for example fillers with specific properties.

As the main constituent of the adhesive layers, besides rubber, preferably synthetic rubber, in particular silicone rubber, and / or rubber resin, in particular also pure or modified, polymerized acrylic ester monomers, optionally with admixed synthetic resins, are preferred.

The total thickness of the adhesive layer should be less than 10 mm, preferably less than 8 mm, in particular less than 6 mm, so as to maintain a common joint strength. On the other hand, the thickness should not be less than at least 1 mm, so that joints with irregular thickness are completely sealed.

For safety reasons, the flash point of the material of the adhesive layer should be above 100 ° C., preferably above 120 ° C., in particular above 140 ° C.

Further advantages result from the fact that at least one approximately flat surface is only partially, ie, not completely, provided with an adhesive layer. As a result, a manually generated contact pressure is distributed to a correspondingly small Surface, and even at a moderate contact pressure a comparatively large pressure force is exerted, which has a high adhesive force.

By at least one approximately flat surface having a plurality of non-contiguous adhesive regions, on the one hand the required compressive force can be easily applied, while a high adhesive force is generated by the approximately uniform distribution of the adhesive regions over the surface to be bonded at all their areas.

In order to produce a high compressive force during pressing and thus also the highest possible adhesive force, gaps of approximately constant width should be provided between individual regions of the adhesive layer, for example with a width of 5 cm or more, preferably 10 cm or more, in particular of 15 cm or more.

A uniform distribution of the adhesive layer over the surface to be bonded can be achieved in that the individual regions of the adhesive layer each have an elongated shape with approximately constant width, for example. With a width of 40 mm or less, preferably with a width of 30 mm or less, in particular with a width of 20 mm or less.

In order to avoid unwanted adhesion to accidental contact with other objects, the invention provides that the outwardly facing side of the adhesive layer is covered, for example. With a peelable film, a peelable paper od. The like. The material of this cover should be chosen that it unfolds in combination with the actual adhesive only a very limited adhesive effect and therefore can be easily removed if necessary.

Finally, it is the teaching of the invention that the cover layer, for example. A peelable film, a peelable paper od. Like., Over the outline of the adhesive layer at least partially protruding, preferably along at least one (longitudinal) edge of the adhesive layer. These protruding areas can be easily attacked by a person, for example, with a Fingernail to replace the cover layer of the actual adhesive layer and thus prepare the latter for the actual bonding process. This cover layer should only be deducted immediately before the obstruction of the relevant component, so that not by trapping dust particles, etc., the adhesive force of the adhesive layer is reduced prematurely.

Further features, properties, advantages and effects on the basis of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and from the drawing. This shows a device according to the invention in a perspective view.

One recognizes a Styrofoam plate 1 with an approximately rectangular base. This Styrofoam plate od for thermal insulation purposes on a wall or the like. Be mounted.

For this purpose, a plurality of strips 3 of an adhesive layer are provided on the inner base 2 - which faces the installation of the house wall.

Each adhesive strip 3 consists of three layers. These are two adhesive layers of a pressure-sensitive adhesive with a polymerized acrylic ester monomer as the main component, between which there is a planar support material, for example a plastic film. Preferably, the carrier material is selected so that it with the two pressure-sensitive adhesive layers - which may consist of unterschidlichen materials - extremely strong adhesive bonds received.

The pressure-sensitive adhesive unfolds its adhesive force due to a high contact pressure with the surface to be bonded. By having the adhesive strips 3 a width of only about 2 cm and a mutual distance of about 10 to 15 cm, the high contact pressure required for bonding can be easily generated by manual pressing. Thus, the proportion of the adhesive-coated area to the total area is 2% or more, preferably 5% or more, more preferably 8% or more. On the other hand, this ratio should be 30% or less, preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15 ° or less.

The adhesive strips 3 run approximately parallel to the longitudinal edges of the styrofoam plate 1, so that after cutting the plate transversely to its longitudinal direction on both parts of the adhesive layer in the same proportion, based on the respective residual surface of the relevant part, is encountered.

The adhesive strips 3 are covered with a cover layer 4, for example of paper. In contrast to the material of the carrier layer, the material of the cover layer 4 is selected so that it forms only a moderately strong compound with the respective pressure-sensitive adhesive and can be easily removed if necessary. This purpose is also an education to the effect that the cover layer 4 is larger, in particular wider than the adhesive strip 3 itself, so survives. A supernatant may be of the order of 0.2 mm or more, preferably 0.5 mm or more; On the other hand, a lateral projection of 3 mm or less, preferably 2.5 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less is sufficient.

The adhesive strips 3 are preferably applied to the component 1 at the factory. For the retrofitting of existing buildings, however, it is also conceivable nachzuliefern the adhesive strip 3 together with at least one cover layer 4 in a separate form, for example. On a roll so that it can be attached to the construction site on site on a component 1.

Since the glass transition temperature T _{g of} the pressure-sensitive adhesive is well below 0 ° C, preferably below 35 ° C, the adhesive force does not decrease even in freezing cold.

Claims (15)

Solid, dimensionally stable building material (1), for example in the form of a stone for the production of masonry, in particular as a brick, sand-lime brick, gas or aerated concrete brick, etc., and / or in the form of a plate-shaped element for covering masonry, in particular as a tile, Tile, insulation plate, Ethernitplatte, slate, rooftile, shingles, wooden board or board, etc., characterized in that at least one approximately flat surface (2) is preferably partially provided with an immediately adherent adhesive layer (3). Building material according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid, dimensionally stable building material (1) has an approximately parallelepiped and / or plate-shaped basic shape, preferably with two opposite, square, in particular rectangular or square base surfaces (2) and four interconnecting these end faces , Building material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the adhesive layer (3) consists of one or more layers, in particular of three layers. Building material according to claim 3, characterized in that a middle layer of the adhesive layer (3) is designed as a carrier. Building material according to claim 4, characterized in that the carrier layer of the adhesive layer (3) consists of one of the following organic substances: cellulose wool, paper, paper fleece, or of a film, for example polyester film, polypropylene film, acetate film, PVC film, UPVC film, PET, or of a foam, for example open-cell polyurethane foam, closed-cell soft PVC foam, closed-cell PE foam. Building material according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the two outer layers of the adhesive layer (3) consist of different materials. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least outer regions or layers of the adhesive layer (3) consist of a physically acting or setting adhesive. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least outer regions or layers of the adhesive layer (3) consist of a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least outer regions or layers of the adhesive layer (3) have a high viscosity, for example of 5,000 mPa ^* s or more, preferably 10,000 mPa ^* s or more, in particular 15,000 mPa ^* s or more. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least outer regions or layers of the adhesive layer (3) have a glass transition temperature T _g , which is below 0 ° C, for example. At -10 ° C or below, preferably at - 20 ° C or below, especially at -30 ° C or below. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least outer regions or layers of the adhesive layer (3) consist of a pure or modified acrylate, for example of a filled acrylate polymer, and / or of a rubber, preferably synthetic rubber, in particular silicone rubber, and / or of a rubber resin. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an at least one approximately flat surface (2) has a plurality of non-contiguous adhesive regions (3). Building material according to claim 12, characterized in that gaps of approximately constant width are provided between individual regions of the adhesive layer (3), for example with a width of 5 cm or more, preferably 10 cm or more, in particular 15 cm or more. Building material according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the individual regions of the adhesive layer (3) each have an elongate shape with approximately constant width, for example. With a width of 40 mm or less, preferably with a width of 30 mm or less, in particular with a width of 20 mm or less. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outwardly facing side of the adhesive layer (3) is covered with a removable cover layer (4), for example. With a peelable film, a peelable paper od. Like.

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