EP2063034A2 - Concrete block for building walls by stacking rows comprising grooves allowing the rows to be spaced when laying them - Google Patents

Abstract

The block i.e. standard block (A), has lateral walls (2, 2') comprising side cells (4, 4') and central cells (3, 3') provided between the walls using central partitions (6). A pair of alignment stripes (S) is provided on a portion of height of the walls, where each wall has a pair of stripes (S1, S3) respectively opposite to the cells (4, 4'). A gap between the stripes (S1, S3) corresponds to a length of a half block such that the stripe (S3) of the block of a row aligns with the stripe (S1) of the block of immediate bottom row and realizes shifting of the half-block between the stripes. An independent claim is also included for a set of concrete elements for modular construction of wall, comprising blocks.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of building materials and more specifically that of concrete blocks for building walls by stacking blocks on top of one another.

For the construction of the constructions we use either the so-called "dry" assembly technique or the so-called "glue" assembly technique, which are explained in the two previous patent applications. FR 0 510 804 and 06 103 599 of the plaintiff.

An object of the invention is to propose a new type of block and a complete set of blocks and accessories for rapid implementation of masonry on site. This objective is attained at least by the presence of vertical alignment grooves on the external faces of a block and / or an accessory in order to ensure the vertical alignment of the cells of the blocks or accessories, these grooves also being able to serve to cut the outer wall of these cells.

More particularly, the invention consists of a concrete block intended for the modular construction of walls by stacking block rows and shifting blocks of a rank N with respect to those of an immediately lower rank N-1, block of the type having two parallel and symmetrical lateral walls with respect to a median vertical plane, each lateral wall including at least one so-called lateral cavity, one or more central cells being provided between the two lateral walls, thanks to the presence of central partitions connecting the walls; , characterized in that alignment grooves are provided in pairs on at least a portion of the height of the side walls, each side wall having at least one pair of grooves, the striations S ₁ and S ₃ being respectively facing a first and a third lateral cavity, the offset between S ₁ and S ₃ corresponding to the length of a half block, so that a streak of a bl oc of a rank N comes to align with a streak of a block of rank immediately below N-1 and to realize between them a shift of a half block.

The invention also relates to a variation of such blocks called "set of blocks", all having alignment marks called "streaks" in the rest of the text.

• figure 1 : vue de dessus d'un bloc selon l'invention et appelé bloc standard dans la description.
• figure 2 : coupe verticale et transversale d'un bloc de la figure 1 comportant des réservations en sous face pour l'emboîtement de cales.
• figure 3 : coupe verticale et transversale d'un bloc de la figure 2 comportant en outre un évidement central (5) en sous face.
• figures 4 et 5 : vue de dessus de deux assemblages de blocs standards et accessoires, montrés à titre d'exemple non limitatif de construction d'une rangée.
• figure 6 : coupe verticale et transversale montrant l'emploi de cales pour l'ajustement en hauteur.
• figure 7 : vues de dessus de différents blocs spéciaux pour ajustement en longueur.
• figures 8 et 9 : vues de dessus de blocs d'extrémité.
• figures 10, 11, 12 : vues en coupe de cales.
• figure 13 : vue de dessus d'un bloc d'angle à 90°.
• figure 14 : vue de dessus de blocs d'angles complémentaires pour réaliser des angles variables.
• figure 15 : vue en coupe verticale d'un bloc conçu pour réaliser un linteau.
• figure 16 : vue en coupe verticale d'un bloc pourvu d'une planelle de rive.
• Figure 17, 17', 18 et 18' : vue de dessus de différents assemblages de blocs variables intercalés entre deux blocs standards pour adapter la longueur d'une rangée de mur.

The invention will be better understood from the following description given with reference to the following appended figures:

• figure 1 : top view of a block according to the invention and called standard block in the description.
• figure 2 : vertical and transversal section of a block of the figure 1 with reservations on the underside for nesting wedges.
• figure 3 : vertical and transversal section of a block of the figure 2 further comprising a central recess (5) at the underside.
• Figures 4 and 5 : top view of two assemblies of standard blocks and accessories, shown by way of non-limiting example of construction of a row.
• figure 6 : vertical and transverse section showing the use of wedges for height adjustment.
• figure 7 : top views of different special blocks for length adjustment.
• figures 8 and 9 : top views of end blocks.
• Figures 10, 11, 12 : sectional views of holds.
• figure 13 : top view of a 90 ° corner block.
• figure 14 : top view of complementary corner blocks to achieve varying angles.
• figure 15 : vertical sectional view of a block designed to make a lintel.
• figure 16 : vertical sectional view of a block provided with a shore planelle.
• Figure 17, 17 ', 18 and 18' : top view of different assemblies of variable blocks inserted between two standard blocks to adapt the length of a row of walls.

The invention proposes either standard blocks to be used alone, or a building assembly composed of said standard blocks, and accessories. The term "standard blocks" is used to differentiate this block from other proposed elements that are qualified accessories (they are corner blocks, shims, etc ...).

A standard block (or the assembly of construction) is manufactured, either in concrete of common aggregates, or in light concrete based on expanded clay balls and with staggered cells, of small thickness, which appreciably improves its performance thermal. The standard blocks and accessories are calibrated by grinding the two horizontal faces of installation. The blocks and accessories according to the invention allow wall mounting (for example 20 cm thick) or by "sticking" the blocks together with a thin horizontal joint, or by dry mounting on the floor height and filling the central cells with a mortar or micro-concrete.

It should be noted that the invention can be extended to any block of concrete, common aggregates or light aggregates, and for other wall thicknesses.

We first describe a standard block (A) according to the invention.

A standard block (A) in the non-limiting embodiment of the figures comprises two side walls (2, 2 ') parallel and equidistant from the median vertical plane (P) perpendicular to the section of the view 1, and a plurality of central partitions (6) interconnecting the walls (2, 2 ') so as to delimit a plurality of cells central for example substantially square section (3) or substantially rectangular (3 ').

The two side walls (2, 2 ') each comprise vertical and horizontal interlocking means as well as internal cavities (4, 4'), hereinafter referred to as lateral cavities, the cavities being delimited by intermediate partitions (8). , 8 ').

Optionally provided at the top and / or bottom of the central partitions (6) a recess (5) whose function will be explained in the following text, and recesses (7) at the top and / or bottom of the intermediate partitions (8, 8 ').

The stability of the assembly is ensured by the bonding of the horizontal joints and by the male (1) and female (1 ') vertical sockets situated at the ends of the block.

In the case of dry mounting stability is ensured by the casting of the mortar in the central cells (3, 3 ') and by these same vertical interlockings (1, 1'). The blocks (A) are stacked on top of one another, offset by aligning streaks (S) in the vertical faces (2, 2 ') and serve as laying marks to obtain a perfect overlap. These grooves are provided on at least a portion of the height of the vertical side walls (2, 2 '). These streaks also provide better adhesion of the external coating. By perfect overlap, it includes an overlap which results in a superposition and perfect alignment of the central cells (3, 3 ') and outer cells (4, 4').

These striations (S) are distributed precisely on the outer faces of the side walls. Thus, by superimposing the streaks S1 of the blocks of a rank N with the streaks S3 of the blocks of a rank N-1 immediately below, the blocks from one rank to another are overlapped by half a block and the central cells (3, 3 ') are automatically aligned vertically. Similarly for the cells (4, 4 ') of the lateral cavities. In addition, the locations of striations correspond to the ends of certain cells (4, 4 ').

• les stries S₁ et S₃ sont en regard respectivement d'une premiere et d'une troisième alvéole latérale (4),(voir figure 1), le décalage entre S₁ et S₃ correspondant à la longueur d'un demi bloc de façon à permettre le chevauchement d'un demi bloc sur le rang inférieur ;
• deux autres stries S₂ et S₄, peuvent en outre etre prévues, elles sont décalées entre elles d'un demi bloc et décalées par rapport à S₁ et S₃ de la longueur d'une alvéole latérale (4) .

Sur l'autre paroi latérale (2') l'ordre des stries S'₁, S'₂, S'₃, S'₄ est inversé.More precisely on the side wall (2):

• the striations S ₁ and S ₃ are respectively facing a first and a third lateral recess (4), (see figure 1 ), the offset between S ₁ and S ₃ corresponding to the length of a half block so as to allow the overlap of a half block on the lower row;
• two other striations S ₂ and S ₄ , may further be provided, they are offset from one another half block and offset with respect to S ₁ and S ₃ of the length of a side socket (4).

On the other side wall (2 ') the order of the striations S' ₁ , S ' ₂ , S' ₃ , S ' ₄ is reversed.

These grooves also serve as pre-cutting grooves to facilitate the cutting of the outer wall portion to open the corresponding lateral cell to the outside. As they are vertically aligned, they allow the passage of technical ducts (electric cables, water or heating pipes). The number of streaks of the standard blocks is necessarily even and will vary according to the cuts that one wishes to be able to make.

In the example shown, there are therefore four grooves or grooves on each outer face to allow two cuts of the outer walls at the levels of the streaks.

In seismic zone, or in order to avoid the penetration of rain water or drafts through the masonry, the vertical joints between blocks are ensured by the pouring of a fluidized micro-concrete into the central cells. (3) at the end of the erection of the masonry over the entire height of the floor. The size of these cells is large enough to allow, if necessary, to receive vertical reinforcements to improve the stability of the masonry. In the variant "dry mounting" the recesses (5) in the transverse central partitions (6) which allow the pouring of the micro-concrete in all or the cells (3, 3 ') of the central part of the blocks, can also receive longitudinal reinforcements to reinforce the stability of the structure.

The vertical alignment of the outer cells (4) and (4 ') of the blocks creates columns that can serve as conduits for the passage of cables or pipes without damaging the insulation that will be reported inside the housing. The streaks in the walls (2) and (2 ') serve as cutting primer to facilitate the cutting of these sheaths.

These vertical ducts can also be connected horizontally by means of the reservations (7) made in the intermediate transverse partitions (8) of the cells (4) and (4 ').

These horizontal channels thus formed, connected to the vertical ducts (4) or (4 '), are used for the evacuation of the rainwater that would have penetrated little through the horizontal horizontal joint during a greater swing before the facade be sealed by the coating.

On the other hand these horizontal and vertical connections on the whole of the masonry can also be used as caloric recuperator within the framework of a thermodynamic system.

In particular, the recesses (7) forming horizontal channels in connection with the vertical sheaths (4) and (4 ') allow the establishment of a parietodynamic system for the recovery of calories in the air flowing in these ducts and warmed by the losses through the walls of the block.

In addition, the recesses (7) can be used as interlocking wedges (C) for adjusting the height of the masonry, as will be described later.

The accessories according to the invention are now described.

To adjust the length of the common parts of the masonry, without the need to cut the blocks on site, special blocks (B) of different lengths, right and left end blocks (B ') for openings with possibility of creating a rabbet, angle blocks (D) and (E) and special wedges (C) of different thicknesses are proposed and they all have streaks (S) on their external faces. Depending on their length, the accessories may comprise only the striations S ₁ and S ₂ facing a side pocket (4, 4 ') for the wall cut.

Special blocks of different lengths are represented in the figure 7 and are referenced (B). They are shorter than the standard blocks, and like them have vertical interlockings (1) and (1 ') on both ends.

End blocks are represented at figures 8 and 9 . They are also shorter than the standard blocks and have interlockings (1) and (1 ') only on one transverse face, the other transverse face being flat.

The special blocks and end blocks allow a length adjustment of the current part of the wall without having to cut the standard blocks on site as presented on the Figures 4 and 5 .

The shims (C) proposed by the invention are used in vertical pose, have the same interlocking (1) and (1 ') as the standard blocks to ensure a perfect fit.

On the other hand these wedges can also, by using them in horizontal pose, allow to adjust the height of the masonry at the level of the lighters, the lintels or the height of stage. In this case the male tenons (1) of the wedges fit into the recesses (7) provided in the intermediate transverse partitions (8) of the cells (4) and (4 ') (see figure 2 ).

The 90 ° angle posts (D) proposed by the invention are shown in FIG. figure 13 . These post blocks allow the mounting of 90 ° angles. A cylindrical cell called central core (9) and provided at one end, can receive reinforcement angles, the other end having interlocking (1) and (1 ').

The post blocks have a length such that, nested with standard blocks, the rows are shifted by half a block to ensure an overlap of the blocks rank by rank.

The columns of multidirectional angles (E) and (E ') proposed by the invention are represented in figure 14 .

It is a corner post terminated by a half-cylinder shape (10) around the central core (9) and cooperating with a cylindrical recess (11) provided at the end of a complementary block (E ').

These post blocks allow the mounting of angles at 45 ° but also 30 ° or 60 ° with a projection (13) central vertical provided in the recess (11) of the block (E ') coming into one of the grooves (12) provided at the periphery of the half-cylinder (10) of the block (E). One of the grooves 12 is provided in the plane of symmetry of the block (E) for a rectilinear assembly. On either side of this plane of symmetry are provided three grooves (12) arranged angularly at 30 °, 45 ° and 60 ° for a corresponding angular assembly.

With these blocks are used the adjustment blocks so as to find the overlap and the alignment of the streaks of the vertical walls (2) and (2 ').

The lintels (F) proposed by the invention are special blocks with "U" section that allow to cast the door and window lintels with cast concrete after blocking the blocks or with the micro-concrete cell filling central (3, 3 ') blocks. They are represented in vertical section in figure 15 .

The planels (G) around the edges of slabs or edges are proposed by the invention and are special blocks which constitute the last row of assembly and are represented in profile view in figure 16 . The elevation portion (14) forms the floor abutment planelle. A high pre-cut streak (15) allows the adjustment according to the height of the floor.

At an angle, the planelle can be split by means of a pre-cut strip (16) and be placed alone, to facilitate the passage of the vertical reinforcing reinforcements.

The invention also proposes variable length blocks called "variable block", which allow to adjust the length of the common parts of the masonry without the need to cut the standard blocks on site.

A variable block is a block in two parts (H ₁ , H ₂ ) separated, a part (H ₁ ) having male tabs (17) which can enter more or less in the gaps created between the male tabs (17 ') of the other part (H ₂ ).

Parts (H1) and (H2) are identical and returned so as to reverse the position of the tabs and to allow their mutual nesting.

The figure 17 ' shows an additional extension accessory (H ₃ ) equipped with tabs on each side which can be nested on one side between the tongues (17) of (H ₁ ) and on the other side between the tongue (17 ') of ( H ₂ ).

The figure 18 shows a portion (H ₁ ) directly interposed between two standard blocks, for this purpose the distance between two tongues is calculated to receive a stud (1), and a tongue is extended by a stud adapted to be housed in a female recess (1 ') of the standard block. The same arrangements can be provided on the part (H ₃ ) (see figure 18 ' ) for its direct cooperation between two standard blocks.

It will be understood that the term "STRIE" used in the description and the claims, is intended to protect any type of alignment mark practiced on the surface of the concrete, whether in recessed or in relief, that it comes from manufacturing or be applied after manufacture of the block or accessory.

With standard blocks according to the invention comprising such marks for alignment and possibly cutting the cells, and with a declination of blocks called accessories and forming with the standard blocks a "block game", the construction of a wall on site is facilitated and made faster than with blocks having no alignment marks and / or cutting the cell walls.

Claims (12)

Concrete block for the modular construction of walls by stacking rows of blocks and shifting blocks of a row N with respect to those of an immediately lower row N-1, block of the type having two side walls (2, 2 ') parallel and symmetrical with respect to a median vertical plane (P), each side wall having at least one cavity said lateral cavity (4, 4'), one or more central cells (3, 3 ') being provided between the two side walls (2, 2 '), thanks to the presence of central partitions (6) connecting the walls (2, 2'), characterized in that alignment grooves (S) are provided in pairs on at least a part the height of the side walls (2, 2 '), each side wall comprising at least one pair of grooves (S1, S3), the grooves S ₁ and S ₃ being respectively facing a first and a third cell (4), the offset between (S ₁ ) and (S ₃ ) corresponding to the length of a half block, so that a streak (S3) of a block of a rank N comes to align with a streak (S1) of a block of the rank immediately below N-1 and to realize between them a shift of half a block. Concrete block according to claim 1, characterized in that the side walls further comprise two other ridges S ₂ and S ₄ , offset from each other by half a block and offset relative to S ₁ and S ₃ by the length of a lateral cavity (4). Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it further comprises male engagement means (1) and female (1 ') at least on one of the end faces. Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at one end interlocking means (1, 1 ') and at the other end a flat face. Concrete block according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a central core (9) provided at the flat end to receive reinforcements angle reinforcement. Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at one end interlocking means (1, 1 ') and at the other end a half-cylindrical recess (11) comprising a central vertical projection (13). Concrete block according to Claim 3, characterized in that it comprises at one end interlocking means (1, 1 ') and at the other end a half-cylinder shape (10) around a central core ( 9), having a plurality of vertical grooves (12) adapted to receive a projection (13). Concrete block according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it further comprises reservations (7) made in intermediate transverse partitions of the cavities (4) and (4 '). Set of concrete elements for the modular construction of a wall, characterized in that it comprises blocks according to at least one of claims 1 to 8 forming standard blocks A, and accessory blocks having streaks opposite a lateral recess (4, 4 '). Element set according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises adjusting shims (C). Element set according to one of claims 9 to 10, characterized in that it further comprises variable blocks in two parts (H ₁ , H ₂ ) separated, a part (H ₁ ) having male tabs (17 ) being able to enter more or less into the voids created between the male tabs (17 ') of the other part (H ₂ ), the parts (H1) and (H2) being identical and returned so as to reverse the position of the tabs and to allow their mutual imbrication Element set according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises an additional extension accessory (H ₃ ) equipped with tabs on each side which can be nested on one side between the tongues (17) of (H). ₁ ) and on the other side between the tongue (17 ') of (H ₂ ).

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