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EP2061051A1 - Arc chamber and circuit breaker equipped with such an arc chamber - Google Patents

Arc chamber and circuit breaker equipped with such an arc chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2061051A1
EP2061051A1 EP08354067A EP08354067A EP2061051A1 EP 2061051 A1 EP2061051 A1 EP 2061051A1 EP 08354067 A EP08354067 A EP 08354067A EP 08354067 A EP08354067 A EP 08354067A EP 2061051 A1 EP2061051 A1 EP 2061051A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
arc
cheek
permanent magnets
electric arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08354067A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2061051B1 (en
Inventor
Eric Domejean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Publication of EP2061051A1 publication Critical patent/EP2061051A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2061051B1 publication Critical patent/EP2061051B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H2009/348—Provisions for recirculation of arcing gasses to improve the arc extinguishing, e.g. move the arc quicker into the arcing chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of cut-off devices in particular for cutting DC currents.
  • the invention also relates to a circuit breaker having separable contacts and an interrupting chamber for extinguishing an electric arc formed during the opening of said contacts.
  • the opening of the contacts generally generates an electric arc that must be dissipated in an interrupting chamber.
  • the electric arc must generally be cooled as quickly as possible while remaining away from the electrical contacts. This cooling is commonly done by placing the arc inside an arc extinguishing chamber formed by a stack of fins or deionization plates, separated from each other by a exchange space, and allowing to establish a better heat exchange.
  • the electric arc moves into an arc-forming chamber bounded by sidewalls or cheeks, before entering the arc-extinguishing chamber, generally passing through the exchange spaces between the deionization plates.
  • the electric arc can be pushed into the arc extinction chamber by electrodynamic forces induced by a magnetic field due to the current flowing in the conductors.
  • the exchange spaces between the deionization plates favor the migration of the arc towards the bottom of the chamber.
  • the stack of deionization plates allows a cutting of the arc and facilitates its insertion into the arc extinction chamber.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber and the deionization plates can contain the electric arc that tends to expand to invade all available space.
  • the birth of the electric arc is accompanied by a release of a large amount of metal vapors, which may, if they are not discharged, be responsible in particular for a connecting arc between the phases of the electrical device cutoff and create an explosion.
  • Many solutions provide the use of evacuation means to evacuate the gases generated during the arc formation. These solutions may allow evacuation outside the area close to the contacts, or even outside the switchgear, or a recycling inside the cutoff device to meet such for example. environmental constraints.
  • This type of solution may have certain disadvantages, such as increasing the volume of the electrical apparatus around the interrupting chamber. Indeed, the gases are conducted in evacuation means which encumber the breaking chamber and / or surrounding spaces.
  • the breaking chamber according to the invention comprises permanent magnets, at least a part of said magnets being disposed behind the first cheek, and the gas evacuation means comprise an opening formed partly in the second cheek and opening out of the breaking room.
  • the first part of the permanent magnets comprises two magnetized fractions arranged behind each of the cheeks.
  • the two magnetized fractions of the first portion of the permanent magnets are arranged symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axis of the arc-forming chamber.
  • the opening is formed in part in a wall of the housing.
  • the evacuation duct extends between at least one exchange space and the opening, and has a substantially constant or decreasing cross section.
  • the deionization plates comprise a leading edge equipped with a central recess.
  • the first cheek is made of ceramic material.
  • the second cheek is a gaseous organic material.
  • the invention also relates to a circuit breaker having separable contacts and a breaking chamber for extinguishing an electric arc formed during the opening of said contacts, wherein the breaking chamber is as described above.
  • the circuit breaker pole comprises a movable contact 1 and a fixed contact 2, each of these contacts being connected via a conductor to a connection terminal of the circuit breaker.
  • the opening of the movable contact can be controlled by a control mechanism using a handle or by unrepresented triggering means.
  • These tripping means may comprise an electromagnetic release and a thermal release, both of which may cause, in the event of an overload and / or a short-circuit, an automatic opening of the moving contact 1.
  • the elements of the circuit breaker such as the separable contacts, the control mechanism and the triggering means, are generally housed in a housing 3 molded in an insulating material. As shown in figure 1 , the housing 3 also encloses a breaking chamber 4 for extinguishing the electric arc 5 formed between the separable contacts when they open.
  • the breaking chamber 4 comprises an arc forming chamber 11 delimited by a first cheek 12 and a second cheek 13.
  • One of the terminals of the circuit breaker pole is electrically connected to the fixed contact 2 and extends to form an electrode or arc horn 14 which extends in the upper part of the arc-forming chamber.
  • Another terminal of the circuit breaker pole electrically connected to the movable contact 1 is connected to another electrode or horn 15 which extends into the lower part of the arc-forming chamber.
  • the electrodes or horns 14 and 15 are arranged to capture an arc drawn between the contacts 1 and 2 during their separation. The electric arc formed between the two contacts is thus captured by the electrodes to be transported and discharged to an arc extinguishing chamber 21 of the interrupting chamber.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 21 is formed by a stack of deionization plates 22 which are generally metal plates.
  • the deionization plates have a leading edge through which the electric arc enters the extinguishing chamber.
  • the leading edge of the deionization plates generally comprises a central recess 23.
  • the deionization plates 22 are separated from each other by exchange spaces 24.
  • the faces of the cheeks 12 and 13 on the side of the arc forming chamber are slightly curved to better guide the electric arc to the central recess 23 of the deionization plates.
  • the faces of the cheeks 12 and 13 on the side of the arc forming chamber comprise an edge 25 marking a change of inclination of said faces in the vicinity of the arc extinguishing chamber 21.
  • the interrupting chamber comprises permanent magnets 32, 33, shown hatched on the figure 1 at least one portion 32 is disposed behind the first cheek 12.
  • the permanent magnets are disposed behind the first cheek 12. This provides an asymmetrical arrangement with respect to the axis longitudinal AA 'having on one side at least a portion, or even the majority or all, permanent magnets, and on the other side the evacuation means. With such an arrangement the electric arc is attracted by the permanent magnet 32.
  • the interrupting chamber comprises gas evacuation means for evacuating the gases generated during the formation of an electric arc.
  • these evacuation means comprise an evacuation duct 31 disposed behind a portion of the second cheek 13 and connected to at least one exchange space 24. Thanks to the asymmetrical arrangement in which only a part, or even none, of the magnets permanent are arranged behind the second cheek 13, a space is available behind the second cheek to accommodate evacuation means, such as the exhaust duct 31.
  • evacuation means such as the exhaust duct 31.
  • the exhaust duct is disposed behind the second cheek without increasing the volume of the device around the interrupting chamber and without changing the shape of the case. In this way, the exhaust duct 31 does not clog the interrupting chamber and / or the surrounding spaces.
  • an edge 39 at the upper end of the cheek 13 does not cooperate, after assembly, with the housing.
  • the edge 39 of the cheek 13 forms, with a portion of the extension 38 of the wall formed in the housing, an opening 40 for evacuation of the exhaust gas outside the breaking chamber.
  • the gases thus recovered in the exhaust duct 31 are thus discharged outside the breaking chamber via the opening 40 formed partly in the second cheek and partly by the extension 38 of the wall. disposed on the inner face of the housing.
  • the arc forming chamber has a reinforced induction section 41 in which the electric arc is propelled towards the chamber arc extinction 21 by the magnetic field generated by a first portion of the permanent magnets.
  • the magnetic field generated by the first part of the permanent magnets in the reinforced induction section is larger than that generated by the other part of the permanent magnets in the remainder of the arc-forming chamber. This makes it easier to propel the electric arc and make it leave separable contacts.
  • the switching of the foot of the electric arc between the movable contact 1 and the electrode 15 is mainly obtained by means of the first part of the permanent magnets in the reinforced induction section of the arc forming chamber. .
  • the first part of the permanent magnets comprises two magnetized fractions disposed behind each of the cheeks. These two magnetized fractions consist essentially of the magnet 33 and a portion 43 of the magnet 32 housed in the reinforced induction section 41. These two magnetized fractions 33 and 43 of the first part of the permanent magnets are arranged symmetrically relative to each other. to a longitudinal axis AA '10 of the arc formation chamber. This makes it possible to further improve the properties described above, ie to propel the electric arc more efficiently towards the extinguishing chamber.
  • the arc forming chamber further comprises a deflection section 51 in which the electric arc is deflected with respect to the longitudinal axis 10 of the arc formation chamber towards the first cheek 12.
  • This arc is deflected by the magnetic field generated by a second part of the permanent magnets, in this case a magnetized fraction 52 of the permanent magnet 32.
  • the different positions of this electric arc are represented on the figure 1 by the points 26.
  • the magnetic field generated by the second part of the permanent magnets on the longitudinal axis AA ' is smaller than that generated by the first part of the permanent magnets.
  • the magnetic field generated by the second part of the permanent magnets is not symmetrical with respect to said longitudinal axis. This helps to deflect the electric arc with respect to its trajectory.
  • the deflection component of the arc Electrical is mainly obtained using the second part of the permanent magnets in the deflection section 51.
  • the whole of the second part of the permanent magnets ie the magnetized fraction 52, is disposed behind the first cheek 12.
  • this arrangement makes it possible to have behind the second cheek 13, in the deflection section 51, an available space in which the exhaust duct 31 can be accommodated.
  • the asymmetrical disposition of the permanent magnets with respect to the axis AA 'combined with the housing of the evacuation means behind one of the cheeks makes it possible to obtain an optimized cleavage chamber with a better dissipation of the electric arc. terms of heat transfer and material.
  • the exhaust duct 31 extends between at least one exchange space 24 and the opening 40, and has a cross section which is substantially decreasing in the direction of flow of the gas. This makes it possible to accelerate the gas output and to amplify the cooling effect of the gases in an area close to the contacts. In this way, the time between the moment at which the arc leaves the contacts and that at which it reaches the leading edge of the deionization plates is decreased.
  • the leading edge of the deionization plates is equipped with a central recess 23 and two lateral parts 71 and 72 oriented towards the deflection section 51 of the arc-forming chamber 11.
  • the electric arc is directed into the section of deflection towards the lateral part 71.
  • it is generally sought to bring the arc into the extinction chamber by the central recess. This allows the electric arc to be de-ionized in the middle of the quench chamber to dissipate as much energy as possible.
  • the cheeks 12 and 13 delimiting the arc-forming chamber are generally formed of an electrically insulating material.
  • the cheeks may be formed of an electrically insulating material that does not erode easily, such as ceramic, for example alumina or cordierite.
  • the cheeks may be formed of an electrically insulating gas-forming material, for example gas-forming nylon.
  • the first cheek 12 is made of ceramic material
  • the second cheek 13 is a gaseous organic material. The gas play makes it possible to increase the pressure in the area of the contacts and thus promotes the departure of the electric arc from the contact zone to the extinguishing chamber.
  • the invention also extends to a breaking chamber comprising three permanent magnets, a first and a second magnet being disposed behind the first cheek respectively in the reinforced induction section and in the deflection section, and a third magnet being disposed behind the second cheek in the reinforced induction section.
  • An advantage of the breaking chamber according to the invention is to allow a better circulation of the gases generated during the formation of the arc. Indeed, because of the asymmetrical arrangement of the permanent magnets with respect to the axis A-A ', the electric arc is deflected to the first cheek 12 behind which are disposed the greater part of the permanent magnets. At the same time, the gases generated during the arc formation will be transported in the same direction, that is to say towards the first cheek 12, before entering the extinction chamber 21 on the same side as the first plays. The gas will then relax in the remaining space of the extinguishing chamber, i.e. substantially towards the opposite side of the extinguishing chamber, i.e. on the same side as the second plays 13 behind which is arranged the exhaust duct.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)

Abstract

Une chambre de coupure comprenant : - une chambre d'extinction d'arc (21) formée par un empilement de plaques de désionisation (22), - une chambre de formation d'arc (11) délimitée par une première joue (12) et une seconde joue (13), et - des moyens d'évacuation de gaz pour évacuer les gaz générés lors de la formation d'un arc électrique comportant un conduit d'évacuation (31) disposé derrière la seconde joue et relié à au moins un espace d'échange (24), caractérisée en ce que la chambre de coupure comprend des aimants permanents, au moins une partie desdits aimants étant disposée derrière la première joue (12), et en ce que les moyens d'évacuation de gaz comportent une ouverture formée en partie dans la seconde joue (13) et débouchant en dehors de la chambre de coupure. Un disjoncteur comportant la chambre de coupure précédemment décrite.A break chamber including: an arc extinguishing chamber (21) formed by a stack of deionization plates (22), an arc forming chamber (11) delimited by a first cheek (12) and a second cheek (13), and gas evacuation means for evacuating the gases generated during the formation of an electric arc comprising an evacuation duct (31) disposed behind the second cheek and connected to at least one exchange space (24), characterized in that the interrupting chamber comprises permanent magnets, at least a part of said magnets being disposed behind the first cheek (12), and in that the gas evacuation means comprise an opening formed partly in the second cheek (13) and opening out of the breaking chamber. A circuit breaker comprising the breaking chamber previously described.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention relève du domaine des dispositifs de coupure permettant notamment de couper des courants continus.The invention relates to the field of cut-off devices in particular for cutting DC currents.

L'invention concerne une chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur comprenant :

  • une chambre d'extinction d'arc formée par un empilement de plaques de désionisation séparées les unes des autres par un espace d'échange,
  • une chambre de formation d'arc délimitée par une première joue et une seconde joue, et
  • des moyens d'évacuation de gaz pour évacuer les gaz générés lors de la formation d'un arc électrique comportant un conduit d'évacuation disposé derrière la seconde joue et relié à au moins un espace d'échange.
The invention relates to a breaking chamber for a circuit breaker comprising:
  • an arc extinguishing chamber formed by a stack of deionization plates separated from each other by an exchange space,
  • an arc formation chamber bounded by a first cheek and a second cheek, and
  • gas evacuation means for evacuating the gases generated during the formation of an electric arc comprising a discharge duct disposed behind the second cheek and connected to at least one exchange space.

L'invention concerne également un disjoncteur comportant des contacts séparables et une chambre de coupure pour éteindre un arc électrique formé lors de l'ouverture desdits contacts.The invention also relates to a circuit breaker having separable contacts and an interrupting chamber for extinguishing an electric arc formed during the opening of said contacts.

ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART

Dans les appareils de coupure tels que les disjoncteurs, l'ouverture des contacts génère généralement un arc électrique qu'il convient de dissiper dans une chambre de coupure. L'arc électrique doit généralement être refroidi le plus rapidement possible tout en restant éloigné des contacts électriques. Ce refroidissement se fait couramment en plaçant l'arc à l'intérieur d'une chambre d'extinction d'arc formée par un empilement d'ailettes ou plaques de désionisation, séparées les unes des autres par un espace d'échange, et permettant d'établir un meilleur échange thermique.In switchgear devices such as circuit breakers, the opening of the contacts generally generates an electric arc that must be dissipated in an interrupting chamber. The electric arc must generally be cooled as quickly as possible while remaining away from the electrical contacts. This cooling is commonly done by placing the arc inside an arc extinguishing chamber formed by a stack of fins or deionization plates, separated from each other by a exchange space, and allowing to establish a better heat exchange.

Après sa formation, l'arc électrique se déplace dans une chambre de formation d'arc délimitée par des parois latérales ou des joues, avant d'entrer dans la chambre d'extinction d'arc en passant généralement par les espaces d'échange entre les plaques de désionisation. En pratique, l'arc électrique peut être poussé dans la chambre d'extinction d'arc par des forces électrodynamiques induites par un champ magnétique dû au courant circulant dans les conducteurs. Les espaces d'échange entre les plaques de désionisation favorisent la migration de l'arc vers le fond de la chambre. En outre, l'empilement de plaques de désionisation permet un découpage de l'arc et facilite son insertion dans la chambre d'extinction d'arc. De surcroît, la chambre d'extinction d'arc et les plaques de désionisation permettent de contenir l'arc électrique qui tend à se dilater pour envahir tout l'espace disponible.After its formation, the electric arc moves into an arc-forming chamber bounded by sidewalls or cheeks, before entering the arc-extinguishing chamber, generally passing through the exchange spaces between the deionization plates. In practice, the electric arc can be pushed into the arc extinction chamber by electrodynamic forces induced by a magnetic field due to the current flowing in the conductors. The exchange spaces between the deionization plates favor the migration of the arc towards the bottom of the chamber. In addition, the stack of deionization plates allows a cutting of the arc and facilitates its insertion into the arc extinction chamber. In addition, the arc extinguishing chamber and the deionization plates can contain the electric arc that tends to expand to invade all available space.

La naissance de l'arc électrique est accompagné par un dégagement d'une importante quantité de vapeurs métalliques, qui peuvent, si elles ne sont pas évacuées, être responsables notamment d'un arc de liaison entre les phases de l'appareil électrique de coupure et créer une explosion. De nombreuses solutions prévoient l'utilisation de moyens d'évacuation pour évacuer les gaz générés lors de la formation d'arc. Ces solutions peuvent permettre une évacuation à l'extérieur de la zone proche des contacts, voire à l'extérieur de l'appareil de coupure, ou bien un recyclage à l'intérieur même de l'appareil de coupure pour répondre par exemple à des contraintes environnementales.The birth of the electric arc is accompanied by a release of a large amount of metal vapors, which may, if they are not discharged, be responsible in particular for a connecting arc between the phases of the electrical device cutoff and create an explosion. Many solutions provide the use of evacuation means to evacuate the gases generated during the arc formation. These solutions may allow evacuation outside the area close to the contacts, or even outside the switchgear, or a recycling inside the cutoff device to meet such for example. environmental constraints.

Une telle solution est connue de la demande de brevet française FR2879016 qui décrit un appareil électrique de coupure d'arc comprenant une chambre d'extinction d'arc s'ouvrant sur un volume d'ouverture, ladite chambre étant délimitée par deux joues et équipée d'un empilement de plaques de désionisation séparées les unes de autres par des espaces d'échange. L'appareil électrique de coupure décrit dans cette demande de brevet comprend, en outre, des moyens d'évacuation, en l'occurrence des conduits d'évacuation disposés derrière les joues et reliés aux espaces d'échange.Such a solution is known from the French patent application FR2879016 which discloses an electric arc-cutting apparatus comprising an arc-extinguishing chamber opening on an opening volume, said chamber being delimited by two cheeks and equipped with a stack of deionization plates separated one from the other. others by exchange spaces. The electrical cut-off device described in this patent application also comprises evacuation means, in this case evacuation conduits arranged behind the cheeks and connected to the exchange spaces.

Ce type de solution peut présenter certains inconvénients, telle que l'augmentation du volume de l'appareil électrique autour de la chambre de coupure. En effet, les gaz sont conduits dans des moyens d'évacuation qui viennent encombrer la chambre de coupure et/ou les espaces environnants.This type of solution may have certain disadvantages, such as increasing the volume of the electrical apparatus around the interrupting chamber. Indeed, the gases are conducted in evacuation means which encumber the breaking chamber and / or surrounding spaces.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

L'invention vise à remédier aux inconvénients des chambres de coupure de l'art antérieur en proposant une chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur comprenant :

  • une chambre d'extinction d'arc formée par un empilement de plaques de désionisation séparées les unes des autres par un espace d'échange,
  • une chambre de formation d'arc délimitée par une première joue et une seconde joue, et
  • des moyens d'évacuation de gaz pour évacuer les gaz générés lors de la formation d'un arc électrique comportant un conduit d'évacuation disposé derrière la seconde joue et relié à au moins un espace d'échange.
The invention aims to remedy the disadvantages of the breaking chambers of the prior art by proposing a circuit breaker breaking chamber comprising:
  • an arc extinguishing chamber formed by a stack of deionization plates separated from each other by an exchange space,
  • an arc formation chamber bounded by a first cheek and a second cheek, and
  • gas evacuation means for evacuating the gases generated during the formation of an electric arc comprising a discharge duct disposed behind the second cheek and connected to at least one exchange space.

La chambre de coupure selon l'invention comprend des aimants permanents, au moins une partie desdits aimants étant disposée derrière la première joue, et les moyens d'évacuation de gaz comportent une ouverture formée en partie dans la seconde joue et débouchant en dehors de la chambre de coupure.The breaking chamber according to the invention comprises permanent magnets, at least a part of said magnets being disposed behind the first cheek, and the gas evacuation means comprise an opening formed partly in the second cheek and opening out of the breaking room.

De préférence, la chambre de formation d'arc comporte :

  • une section d'induction renforcée dans laquelle l'arc électrique est propulsé vers la chambre d'extinction d'arc par le champ magnétique généré par une première partie des aimants permanents, et
  • une section de déviation dans laquelle l'arc électrique est dévié par rapport à un axe longitudinal de la chambre de formation d'arc vers la première joue par le champ magnétique généré par une seconde partie des aimants permanents, la totalité de la seconde partie des aimants permanents étant disposée derrière la première joue.
Preferably, the arc formation chamber comprises:
  • a reinforced induction section in which the electric arc is propelled to the arc extinguishing chamber by the magnetic field generated by a first portion of the permanent magnets, and
  • a deflection section in which the electric arc is deflected with respect to a longitudinal axis of the arc forming chamber to the first cheek by the magnetic field generated by a second portion of the permanent magnets, the whole of the second part of the permanent magnets being disposed behind the first cheek.

De préférence, la première partie des aimants permanents comporte deux fractions aimantées disposées derrière chacune des joues.Preferably, the first part of the permanent magnets comprises two magnetized fractions arranged behind each of the cheeks.

De préférence, les deux fractions aimantées de la première partie des aimants permanents sont disposées symétriquement par rapport à un axe longitudinal de la chambre de formation d'arc.Preferably, the two magnetized fractions of the first portion of the permanent magnets are arranged symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axis of the arc-forming chamber.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'ouverture est formée en partie dans une paroi du boitier.According to one embodiment, the opening is formed in part in a wall of the housing.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le conduit d'évacuation s'étend entre au moins un espace d'échange et l'ouverture, et présente une section transversale sensiblement constante ou décroissante.According to one embodiment, the evacuation duct extends between at least one exchange space and the opening, and has a substantially constant or decreasing cross section.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les plaques de désionisation comportent un bord d'attaque équipé d'un renfoncement central.According to one embodiment, the deionization plates comprise a leading edge equipped with a central recess.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la première joue est en matériau céramique. De préférence, la seconde joue est un matériau organique gazogène.According to one embodiment, the first cheek is made of ceramic material. Preferably, the second cheek is a gaseous organic material.

L'invention concerne également un disjoncteur comportant des contacts séparables et une chambre de coupure pour éteindre un arc électrique formé lors de l'ouverture desdits contacts, dans lequel la chambre de coupure est telle que décrite précédemment.The invention also relates to a circuit breaker having separable contacts and a breaking chamber for extinguishing an electric arc formed during the opening of said contacts, wherein the breaking chamber is as described above.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés dans les figures annexées.

  • La figure 1 représente une coupe longitudinale d'une chambre de coupure selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 représente une coupe transversale de cette même chambre de coupure selon un axe A-A' représenté à la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 représente une autre coupe transversale de cette même chambre de coupure selon un axe B-B' représenté à la figure 1.
  • La figure 4 représente une coupe latérale de cette même chambre de coupure selon un axe C-C' représenté à la figure 3.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, and shown in the accompanying figures.
  • The figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of a breaking chamber according to the invention.
  • The figure 2 represents a cross-section of the same cut-off chamber along an axis AA 'shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • The figure 3 represents another cross section of this same cut-off chamber along an axis BB 'shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • The figure 4 represents a lateral section of this same cut-off chamber along an axis CC 'represented in FIG. figure 3 .

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE RÉALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

Comme cela est représenté sur les figures 1 à 4, le pole de disjoncteur comporte un contact mobile 1 et un contact fixe 2, chacun de ces contacts étant relié par l'intermédiaire d'un conducteur à une borne de connexion du disjoncteur. L'ouverture du contact mobile peut être commandée par un mécanisme de commande à l'aide d'une manette ou par des moyens de déclenchement non représentés. Ces moyens de déclenchement peuvent comporter un déclencheur électromagnétique et un déclencheur thermique, tous les deux susceptibles de provoquer, en cas de surcharge et/ou de court-circuit, une ouverture automatique du contact mobile 1.As shown on the Figures 1 to 4 , the circuit breaker pole comprises a movable contact 1 and a fixed contact 2, each of these contacts being connected via a conductor to a connection terminal of the circuit breaker. The opening of the movable contact can be controlled by a control mechanism using a handle or by unrepresented triggering means. These tripping means may comprise an electromagnetic release and a thermal release, both of which may cause, in the event of an overload and / or a short-circuit, an automatic opening of the moving contact 1.

Les éléments du disjoncteur, tels que les contacts séparables, le mécanisme de commande et les moyens de déclenchement, sont généralement logés dans un boîtier 3 moulé dans un matériau isolant. Comme cela est représenté à la figure 1, le boîtier 3 renferme également une chambre de coupure 4 destinée à éteindre l'arc électrique 5 formé entre les contacts séparables lors de leur ouverture.The elements of the circuit breaker, such as the separable contacts, the control mechanism and the triggering means, are generally housed in a housing 3 molded in an insulating material. As shown in figure 1 , the housing 3 also encloses a breaking chamber 4 for extinguishing the electric arc 5 formed between the separable contacts when they open.

Comme cela est représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, la chambre de coupure 4 comporte une chambre de formation d'arc 11 délimitée par une première joue 12 et une seconde joue 13. L'une des bornes du pole de disjoncteur est reliée électriquement au contact fixe 2 et se prolonge pour constituer une électrode ou corne d'arc 14 qui s'étend dans la partie supérieure de la chambre de formation d'arc. Une autre borne du pole de disjoncteur reliée électriquement au contact mobile 1 est connectée à une autre électrode ou corne d'arc 15 qui s'étend dans la partie inférieure de la chambre de formation d'arc. Les électrodes ou cornes d'arc 14 et 15 sont agencées de manière à capter un arc tiré entre les contacts 1 et 2 lors de leur séparation. L'arc électrique formé entre les deux contacts est ainsi capté par les électrodes pour être transporté et évacué vers une chambre d'extinction d'arc 21 de la chambre de coupure.As shown on the figures 1 and 2 , the breaking chamber 4 comprises an arc forming chamber 11 delimited by a first cheek 12 and a second cheek 13. One of the terminals of the circuit breaker pole is electrically connected to the fixed contact 2 and extends to form an electrode or arc horn 14 which extends in the upper part of the arc-forming chamber. Another terminal of the circuit breaker pole electrically connected to the movable contact 1 is connected to another electrode or horn 15 which extends into the lower part of the arc-forming chamber. The electrodes or horns 14 and 15 are arranged to capture an arc drawn between the contacts 1 and 2 during their separation. The electric arc formed between the two contacts is thus captured by the electrodes to be transported and discharged to an arc extinguishing chamber 21 of the interrupting chamber.

Comme cela est représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, la chambre d'extinction d'arc 21 est formée par un empilement de plaques de désionisation 22 qui sont généralement des plaques métalliques. Les plaques de désionisation comportent un bord d'attaque par lequel l'arc électrique entre dans la chambre d'extinction. Comme cela est visible sur la figure 1, le bord d'attaque des plaques de désionisation comporte généralement un renfoncement central 23. Les plaques de désionisation 22 sont séparées les unes des autres par des espaces d'échange 24. Comme cela est visible sur les figures 1 et 2, les faces des joues 12 et 13 du côté de la chambre de formation d'arc sont légèrement incurvées pour mieux guider l'arc électrique vers le renfoncement central 23 des plaques de désionisation. Ainsi, les faces des joues 12 et 13 du côté de la chambre de formation d'arc comportent une arête 25 marquant un changement d'inclinaison des dites faces à proximité de la chambre d'extinction d'arc 21.As shown on the figures 1 and 2 the arc extinguishing chamber 21 is formed by a stack of deionization plates 22 which are generally metal plates. The deionization plates have a leading edge through which the electric arc enters the extinguishing chamber. As is visible on the figure 1 , the leading edge of the deionization plates generally comprises a central recess 23. The deionization plates 22 are separated from each other by exchange spaces 24. As can be seen in FIGS. figures 1 and 2 , the faces of the cheeks 12 and 13 on the side of the arc forming chamber are slightly curved to better guide the electric arc to the central recess 23 of the deionization plates. Thus, the faces of the cheeks 12 and 13 on the side of the arc forming chamber comprise an edge 25 marking a change of inclination of said faces in the vicinity of the arc extinguishing chamber 21.

Comme cela est visible sur les figures 1, 3 et 4, la chambre de coupure comprend des aimants permanents 32, 33, représentés de manière hachurée sur la figure 1, dont au moins une partie 32 est disposée derrière la première joue 12. De préférence, la plus grande partie, voire la totalité, des aimants permanents est disposée derrière la première joue 12. On obtient ainsi une disposition dissymétrique par rapport à l'axe longitudinal A-A' comportant d'un côté au moins une partie, voire la majorité ou la totalité, des aimants permanents, et de l'autre côté les moyens d'évacuation. Avec une telle disposition l'arc électrique est attiré par l'aimant permanent 32.As is visible on the figures 1 , 3 and 4 , the interrupting chamber comprises permanent magnets 32, 33, shown hatched on the figure 1 at least one portion 32 is disposed behind the first cheek 12. Preferably, most, if not all, of the permanent magnets are disposed behind the first cheek 12. This provides an asymmetrical arrangement with respect to the axis longitudinal AA 'having on one side at least a portion, or even the majority or all, permanent magnets, and on the other side the evacuation means. With such an arrangement the electric arc is attracted by the permanent magnet 32.

Comme cela est représenté sur les figures 1, 3 et 4, la chambre de coupure comporte des moyens d'évacuation de gaz pour évacuer les gaz générés lors de la formation d'un arc électrique. Comme cela est visible sur la figure 1, ces moyens d'évacuation comportent un conduit d'évacuation 31 disposé derrière une partie de la seconde joue 13 et relié à au moins un espace d'échange 24. Grâce à la disposition dissymétrique dans laquelle seulement une partie, voire aucun, des aimants permanents sont disposés derrière la deuxième joue 13, un espace est disponible derrière cette deuxième joue pour loger des moyens d'évacuation, tel que le conduit d'évacuation 31. Ainsi, le conduit d'évacuation est disposé derrière cette deuxième joue sans augmenter le volume de l'appareil autour de la chambre de coupure et sans modifier la forme du boitier. De cette façon, le conduit d'évacuation 31 n'encombre pas la chambre de coupure et/ou les espaces environnants.As shown on the figures 1 , 3 and 4 , the interrupting chamber comprises gas evacuation means for evacuating the gases generated during the formation of an electric arc. As is visible on the figure 1 these evacuation means comprise an evacuation duct 31 disposed behind a portion of the second cheek 13 and connected to at least one exchange space 24. Thanks to the asymmetrical arrangement in which only a part, or even none, of the magnets permanent are arranged behind the second cheek 13, a space is available behind the second cheek to accommodate evacuation means, such as the exhaust duct 31. Thus, the exhaust duct is disposed behind the second cheek without increasing the volume of the device around the interrupting chamber and without changing the shape of the case. In this way, the exhaust duct 31 does not clog the interrupting chamber and / or the surrounding spaces.

Comme cela est visible sur les figures 3 et 4, le conduit d'évacuation 31 est formé principalement par la paroi latérale du boîtier 3 et la face de la joue 13 en vis-à vis avec le boitier. La joue 13 comporte, sur sa face en vis-à-vis avec le boitier, une paroi 34 qui, après l'assemblage du dispositif de coupure, coopère avec une face intérieure du boitier 3. Cette paroi 34 permet, entre autres, d'empêcher tout contact des gaz d'échappement avec l'aimant 33. Cette paroi 34 définie également une partie du conduit d'évacuation 31. La joue 13 comporte, sur sa face en vis-à vis avec le boitier, une rainure 35 disposée en face des bords d'attaque des plaques de désionisation dans une partie supérieure de la chambre d'extinction. Cette rainure 35 coopère, après l'assemblage, avec le bord d'une paroi formée dans le boitier. La joue 13 comporte, en outre, un renfort 36 dont les surfaces périphériques coopèrent, après l'assemblage, avec le bord une paroi formée dans le boitier. La joue comporte, en outre, un bord incurvé 37 coopérant, après assemblage, avec un prolongement 38 des parois formée dans le boitier. De cette façon, le conduit d'évacuation 31 est formée par :

  • la face de la joue 13 en vis-à-vis avec la face intérieure du boitier 3
  • ladite face intérieure du boitier 3,
  • la paroi 34 de la joue coopérant avec la face intérieure du boitier 3,
  • les parois du boitier dont les bords coopèrent avec la rainure 35, la surface périphérique du renfort 36, et
  • le prolongement des dits bords coopérant avec le bord incurvé 37 de la joue 38.
As is visible on the figures 3 and 4 , the exhaust duct 31 is formed mainly by the side wall of the casing 3 and the face of the cheek 13 opposite with the housing. The cheek 13 comprises, on its face facing the housing, a wall 34 which, after assembly of the cut-off device, cooperates with an inner face of the housing 3. This wall 34 allows, inter alia, to prevent any contact of the exhaust gas with the magnet 33. This wall 34 also defines a portion of the exhaust duct 31. The cheek 13 comprises, on its face facing the housing, a groove 35 arranged in front of the leading edges of the deionization plates in an upper part of the extinguishing chamber. This groove 35 cooperates, after assembly, with the edge of a wall formed in the housing. The cheek 13 further comprises a reinforcement 36 whose peripheral surfaces cooperate, after assembly, with the edge a wall formed in the housing. The cheek further comprises a curved edge 37 cooperating, after assembly, with an extension 38 of the walls formed in the housing. In this way, the exhaust duct 31 is formed by:
  • the face of the cheek 13 vis-à-vis with the inner face of the housing 3
  • said inner face of the housing 3,
  • the wall 34 of the cheek cooperating with the inner face of the casing 3,
  • the walls of the housing whose edges cooperate with the groove 35, the peripheral surface of the reinforcement 36, and
  • the extension of said edges cooperating with the curved edge 37 of the cheek 38.

Comme cela est visible sur la figure 3, un bord 39 à l'extrémité supérieure de la joue 13 ne coopère pas, après l'assemblage, avec le boitier. De cette façon, le bord 39 de la joue 13 forme, avec une partie du prolongement 38 de la paroi formée dans le boitier, une ouverture 40 permettant l'évacuation des gaz d'échappement en dehors de la chambre de coupure. Les gaz ainsi récupéré dans le conduit d'évacuation 31, sont donc évacués à l'extérieur de la chambre de coupure par l'intermédiaire de l'ouverture 40 formée en partie dans la seconde joue et en partie par le prolongement 38 de la paroi disposée sur la face intérieure du boitier.As is visible on the figure 3 an edge 39 at the upper end of the cheek 13 does not cooperate, after assembly, with the housing. In this way, the edge 39 of the cheek 13 forms, with a portion of the extension 38 of the wall formed in the housing, an opening 40 for evacuation of the exhaust gas outside the breaking chamber. The gases thus recovered in the exhaust duct 31 are thus discharged outside the breaking chamber via the opening 40 formed partly in the second cheek and partly by the extension 38 of the wall. disposed on the inner face of the housing.

Comme cela est représenté sur la figure 1, la chambre de formation d'arc comporte une section d'induction renforcée 41 dans laquelle l'arc électrique est propulsé vers la chambre d'extinction d'arc 21 par le champ magnétique généré par une première partie des aimants permanents. Le champ magnétique généré par la première partie des aimants permanents dans la section d'induction renforcée est plus important que celui généré par l'autre partie des aimants permanents dans le reste de la chambre de formation d'arc. Ceci permet de mieux propulser l'arc électrique et de le faire partir des contacts séparables. Ainsi, la commutation du pied de l'arc électrique entre le contact mobile 1 et l'électrode 15 est principalement obtenue à l'aide de la première partie des aimants permanents dans la section d'induction renforcée de la chambre de formation d'arc. Dans le cas d'une coupure d'un courant électrique continu de faible intensité, l'induction magnétique créée par le passage du courant dans les électrodes 14 et 15 n'est plus suffisante pour évacuer l'arc électrique vers la chambre d'extinction 21. Cette disposition des aimants permanents permet ainsi d'augmenter le champ magnétique pour évacuer l'arc électrique.As shown on the figure 1 the arc forming chamber has a reinforced induction section 41 in which the electric arc is propelled towards the chamber arc extinction 21 by the magnetic field generated by a first portion of the permanent magnets. The magnetic field generated by the first part of the permanent magnets in the reinforced induction section is larger than that generated by the other part of the permanent magnets in the remainder of the arc-forming chamber. This makes it easier to propel the electric arc and make it leave separable contacts. Thus, the switching of the foot of the electric arc between the movable contact 1 and the electrode 15 is mainly obtained by means of the first part of the permanent magnets in the reinforced induction section of the arc forming chamber. . In the case of a cut-off of a low intensity direct electric current, the magnetic induction created by the passage of the current in the electrodes 14 and 15 is no longer sufficient to evacuate the electric arc towards the extinguishing chamber. 21. This arrangement of the permanent magnets thus makes it possible to increase the magnetic field to evacuate the electric arc.

Comme cela est représenté sur la figure 1, la première partie des aimants permanents comporte deux fractions aimantées disposées derrière chacune des joues. Ces deux fractions aimantées sont essentiellement constituées par l'aimant 33 et une partie 43 de l'aimant 32 logée dans la section d'induction renforcée 41. Ces deux fractions aimantées 33 et 43 de la première partie des aimants permanents sont disposées symétriquement par rapport à un axe longitudinal A-A' 10 de la chambre de formation d'arc. Ceci permet d'améliorer encore plus les propriétés décrites précédemment, c'est à dire de propulser plus efficacement l'arc électrique vers la chambre d'extinction.As shown on the figure 1 , the first part of the permanent magnets comprises two magnetized fractions disposed behind each of the cheeks. These two magnetized fractions consist essentially of the magnet 33 and a portion 43 of the magnet 32 housed in the reinforced induction section 41. These two magnetized fractions 33 and 43 of the first part of the permanent magnets are arranged symmetrically relative to each other. to a longitudinal axis AA '10 of the arc formation chamber. This makes it possible to further improve the properties described above, ie to propel the electric arc more efficiently towards the extinguishing chamber.

Comme cela est représenté sur la figure 1, la chambre de formation d'arc comporte, en outre, une section de déviation 51 dans laquelle l'arc électrique est dévié par rapport à l'axe longitudinal 10 de la chambre de formation d'arc vers la première joue 12. Cet arc est dévié par le champ magnétique généré par une seconde partie des aimants permanents, en l'occurrence une fraction aimantée 52 de l'aimant permanent 32. Les différentes positions des cet arc électrique sont représentées sur la figure 1 par les points 26. Avec une telle disposition, le champ magnétique généré par la seconde partie des aimants permanents sur l'axe longitudinal A-A' est plus faible que celui généré par la première partie des aimants permanents. De surcroît, le champ magnétique généré par la seconde partie des aimants permanents n'est pas symétrique par rapport audit axe longitudinal. Ceci concoure à dévier l'arc électrique par rapport à sa trajectoire. Ainsi, la composante de déviation de l'arc électrique est principalement obtenue à l'aide de la seconde partie des aimants permanents dans la section de déviation 51.As shown on the figure 1 the arc forming chamber further comprises a deflection section 51 in which the electric arc is deflected with respect to the longitudinal axis 10 of the arc formation chamber towards the first cheek 12. This arc is deflected by the magnetic field generated by a second part of the permanent magnets, in this case a magnetized fraction 52 of the permanent magnet 32. The different positions of this electric arc are represented on the figure 1 by the points 26. With such an arrangement, the magnetic field generated by the second part of the permanent magnets on the longitudinal axis AA 'is smaller than that generated by the first part of the permanent magnets. In addition, the magnetic field generated by the second part of the permanent magnets is not symmetrical with respect to said longitudinal axis. This helps to deflect the electric arc with respect to its trajectory. Thus, the deflection component of the arc Electrical is mainly obtained using the second part of the permanent magnets in the deflection section 51.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1 à 4, la totalité de la seconde partie des aimants permanents, c'est-à-dire la fraction aimantée 52, est disposée derrière la première joue 12. Comme cela a été décrit précédemment, cette disposition permet d'avoir derrière la deuxième joue 13, dans la section de déviation 51, un espace disponible dans lequel le conduit d'évacuation 31 peut être logé. Ainsi, la disposition dissymétrique des aimants permanents par rapport à l'axe A-A' combinée au logement des moyens d'évacuation derrière l'une des joues, permet d'obtenir une chambre de coupure optimisée avec une meilleure dissipation de l'arc électrique en termes de transfert thermique et de matière.In the embodiment shown on the Figures 1 to 4 , the whole of the second part of the permanent magnets, ie the magnetized fraction 52, is disposed behind the first cheek 12. As has been described previously, this arrangement makes it possible to have behind the second cheek 13, in the deflection section 51, an available space in which the exhaust duct 31 can be accommodated. Thus, the asymmetrical disposition of the permanent magnets with respect to the axis AA 'combined with the housing of the evacuation means behind one of the cheeks, makes it possible to obtain an optimized cleavage chamber with a better dissipation of the electric arc. terms of heat transfer and material.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, le conduit d'évacuation 31 s'étend entre au moins un espace d'échange 24 et l'ouverture 40, et présente une section transversale qui est sensiblement décroissante dans le sens de circulation du gaz. Ceci permet d'accélérer le gaz en sortie et d'amplifier l'effet de refroidissement des gaz dans une zone proche des contacts. De cette façon, la durée entre l'instant auquel l'arc quitte les contacts et celui auquel il atteint le bord d'attaque des plaques de désionisation est diminuée.In the embodiment shown on the figures 1 and 2 , the exhaust duct 31 extends between at least one exchange space 24 and the opening 40, and has a cross section which is substantially decreasing in the direction of flow of the gas. This makes it possible to accelerate the gas output and to amplify the cooling effect of the gases in an area close to the contacts. In this way, the time between the moment at which the arc leaves the contacts and that at which it reaches the leading edge of the deionization plates is decreased.

Comme cela est visible sur la figure 1, le bord d'attaque des plaques de désionisation est équipé d'un renfoncement central 23 et de deux parties latérales 71 et 72 orientées vers la section de déviation 51 de la chambre de formation d'arc 11. L'arc électrique est dirigé dans la section de déviation vers la partie latérale 71. Dans le cas d'une coupure d'un courant continu de forte intensité ou d'un courant alternatif, il est généralement recherché de faire entrer l'arc dans la chambre d'extinction par le renfoncement central. Ceci permet de désioniser l'arc électrique au milieu de la chambre d'extinction pour dissiper un maximum d'énergie. Dans le cas d'une coupure d'un courant de faible intensité, on vise plutôt à faire entrer l'arc électrique le plus vite possible dans la chambre d'extinction, pour éviter qu'il reste et dissipe de l'énergie au sein de la chambre de formation d'arc, c'est à dire en amont de la chambre d'extinction. Dans le cas d'une coupure d'un courant de faible intensité, l'arc électrique peut s'éteindre sur la partie latérale 71 du bord d'attaque de la chambre d'extinction 21 du fait du peu d'énergie à dissiper.As is visible on the figure 1 , the leading edge of the deionization plates is equipped with a central recess 23 and two lateral parts 71 and 72 oriented towards the deflection section 51 of the arc-forming chamber 11. The electric arc is directed into the section of deflection towards the lateral part 71. In the case of a cut of a continuous current of high intensity or of an alternating current, it is generally sought to bring the arc into the extinction chamber by the central recess. This allows the electric arc to be de-ionized in the middle of the quench chamber to dissipate as much energy as possible. In the case of a cut of a current of low intensity, it is aimed rather to bring the electric arc as quickly as possible into the extinction chamber, to prevent it remains and dissipates energy within of the arc-forming chamber, that is to say upstream of the extinguishing chamber. In the case of a cutoff of a current of low intensity, the electric arc may go out on the side portion 71 of the leading edge of the extinguishing chamber 21 due to the low energy to be dissipated.

Les joues 12 et 13 délimitant la chambre de formation d'arc sont généralement formées dans un matériau électriquement isolant. Pour obtenir une bonne endurance électrique avec des courants continus de faible intensité, avec des temps de coupure relativement longs comparés aux courants alternatifs, les joues peuvent être formées dans un matériau électriquement isolant qui ne s'érode pas facilement, tel que de la céramique, par exemple de l'alumine ou de la cordiérite. Pour obtenir une bonne coupure avec des courants continus ou alternatifs de forte intensité, les joues peuvent être formées dans un matériau électriquement isolant gazogène, par exemple du nylon gazogène. Avantageusement, la première joue 12 est en matériau céramique, et la seconde joue 13 est un matériau organique gazogène. La joue gazogène permet d'augmenter la pression dans la zone des contacts et favorise ainsi le départ de l'arc électrique de la zone de contacts vers la chambre d'extinction.The cheeks 12 and 13 delimiting the arc-forming chamber are generally formed of an electrically insulating material. To obtain good electrical endurance with low intensity DC currents, with relatively long break times compared to AC currents, the cheeks may be formed of an electrically insulating material that does not erode easily, such as ceramic, for example alumina or cordierite. In order to obtain a good cut with high intensity direct or alternating currents, the cheeks may be formed of an electrically insulating gas-forming material, for example gas-forming nylon. Advantageously, the first cheek 12 is made of ceramic material, and the second cheek 13 is a gaseous organic material. The gas play makes it possible to increase the pressure in the area of the contacts and thus promotes the departure of the electric arc from the contact zone to the extinguishing chamber.

L'invention s'étend également à une chambre de coupure comportant trois aimants permanents, un premier et un deuxième aimant étant disposés derrière la première joue respectivement dans la section d'induction renforcée et dans la section de déviation, et un troisième aimant étant disposé derrière la seconde joue dans la section d'induction renforcée.The invention also extends to a breaking chamber comprising three permanent magnets, a first and a second magnet being disposed behind the first cheek respectively in the reinforced induction section and in the deflection section, and a third magnet being disposed behind the second cheek in the reinforced induction section.

Un avantage de la chambre de coupure selon l'invention est de permettre une meilleure circulation des gaz générés lors de la formation de l'arc. En effet, du fait de la disposition dissymétrique des aimants permanents par rapport à l'axe A-A', l'arc électrique est dévié vers la première joue 12 derrière laquelle sont disposés la plus grande partie des aimants permanents. En même temps, les gaz générés lors de la formation d'arc vont être transportés dans cette même direction, c'est-à-dire vers la première joue 12, avant d'entrer dans la chambre d'extinction 21 du même côté que la première joue. Le gaz va ensuite se détendre dans l'espace restant de la chambre d'extinction, c'est-à-dire essentiellement en direction du côté opposé de la chambre d'extinction, c'est-à-dire du même côté que la seconde joue 13 derrière laquelle est disposé le conduit d'évacuation. La détente du gaz va se poursuivre en direction des trous d'évacuation communiquant entre les espaces d'échange et le conduit d'évacuation, favorisant ainsi la circulation des gaz dans les moyens d'évacuation. Cette disposition permet d'éviter que se forme un bouchon gazeux entre l'arc électrique et les plaques de désionisation. Si ce bouchon gazeux est trop important, il limite alors le déplacement de l'arc électrique jusqu'à empêcher son insertion dans les plaques de désionisation.An advantage of the breaking chamber according to the invention is to allow a better circulation of the gases generated during the formation of the arc. Indeed, because of the asymmetrical arrangement of the permanent magnets with respect to the axis A-A ', the electric arc is deflected to the first cheek 12 behind which are disposed the greater part of the permanent magnets. At the same time, the gases generated during the arc formation will be transported in the same direction, that is to say towards the first cheek 12, before entering the extinction chamber 21 on the same side as the first plays. The gas will then relax in the remaining space of the extinguishing chamber, i.e. substantially towards the opposite side of the extinguishing chamber, i.e. on the same side as the second plays 13 behind which is arranged the exhaust duct. The expansion of the gas will continue towards the evacuation holes communicating between the exchange spaces and the evacuation duct, thereby promoting the flow of gas in the evacuation means. This arrangement makes it possible to prevent the formation of a gaseous plug between the electric arc and the deionization plates. If this gaseous plug is too important, it then limits the movement of the electric arc to prevent its insertion into the deionization plates.

Claims (10)

Chambre de coupure (4) pour disjoncteur comprenant : - une chambre d'extinction d'arc (21) formée par un empilement de plaques de désionisation (22) séparées les unes des autres par un espace d'échange (24), - une chambre de formation d'arc (11) délimitée par une première joue (12) et une seconde joue (13), et - des moyens d'évacuation de gaz pour évacuer les gaz générés lors de la formation d'un arc électrique comportant un conduit d'évacuation (31) disposé derrière la seconde joue et relié à au moins un espace d'échange (24), caractérisée en ce que la chambre de coupure comprend des aimants permanents, au moins une partie desdits aimants étant disposée derrière la première joue (12), et en ce que les moyens d'évacuation de gaz comportent une ouverture (40) formée en partie dans la seconde joue (13) et débouchant en dehors de la chambre de coupure.Breaker chamber (4) for a circuit breaker comprising: an arc extinguishing chamber (21) formed by a stack of deionization plates (22) separated from one another by an exchange space (24), an arc forming chamber (11) delimited by a first cheek (12) and a second cheek (13), and gas evacuation means for evacuating the gases generated during the formation of an electric arc comprising an evacuation duct (31) disposed behind the second cheek and connected to at least one exchange space (24), characterized in that the interrupting chamber comprises permanent magnets, at least a part of said magnets being disposed behind the first cheek (12), and in that the gas evacuation means comprise an opening (40) formed partly in the second cheek (13) and opening out of the breaking chamber. Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la chambre de formation d'arc comporte : - une section d'induction renforcée (41) dans laquelle l'arc électrique est propulsé vers la chambre d'extinction d'arc par le champ magnétique généré par une première partie (43, 33) des aimants permanents, et - une section de déviation (51) dans laquelle l'arc électrique est dévié par rapport à un axe longitudinal (10) de la chambre de formation d'arc vers la première joue (12) par le champ magnétique généré par une seconde partie (52) des aimants permanents, la totalité de la seconde partie des aimants permanents étant disposée derrière la première joue (12). Cutoff chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the arc forming chamber comprises: a reinforced induction section (41) in which the electric arc is propelled towards the arc extinction chamber by the magnetic field generated by a first portion (43, 33) of the permanent magnets, and a deflection section (51) in which the electric arc is deflected with respect to a longitudinal axis (10) of the arc formation chamber towards the first cheek (12) by the magnetic field generated by a second part ( 52) permanent magnets, the entire second part of the permanent magnets being arranged behind the first cheek (12). Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la première partie des aimants permanents comporte deux fractions aimantées (43, 33) disposées derrière chacune des joues (12, 13).Cutoff chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that the first part of the permanent magnets comprises two magnetized fractions (43, 33) arranged behind each of the cheeks (12, 13). Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les deux fractions aimantées (43, 33) de la première partie des aimants permanents sont disposées symétriquement par rapport à un axe longitudinal (10) de la chambre de formation d'arc.Cutoff chamber according to Claim 3, characterized in that the two magnetized fractions (43, 33) of the first part of the permanent magnets are arranged symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal axis (10) of the arc formation chamber. Chambre de coupure selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que l'ouverture (40) est formée en partie dans une paroi du boitier.Cutoff chamber according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the opening (40) is formed in part in a wall of the housing. Chambre de coupure selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le conduit d'évacuation (31) s'étend entre au moins un espace d'échange (24) et l'ouverture (40), et présente une section transversale sensiblement constante ou décroissante.Cutoff chamber according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the discharge duct (31) extends between at least one exchange space (24) and the opening (40), and has a cross section substantially constant or decreasing. Chambre de coupure selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisée en ce que les plaques de désionisation (22) comportent un bord d'attaque équipé d'un renfoncement central (23).Cutoff chamber according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the deionization plates (22) comprise a leading edge equipped with a central recess (23). Chambre de coupure selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la première joue (12) est en matériau céramique.Cutoff chamber according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first flange (12) is made of ceramic material. Chambre de coupure selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que la seconde joue (13) est un matériau organique gazogène.Cutoff chamber according to claim 8, characterized in that the second flange (13) is a gaseous organic material. Disjoncteur comportant des contacts séparables (1, 2) et une chambre de coupure (4) pour éteindre un arc électrique formé lors de l'ouverture desdits contacts, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de coupure est selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9.Circuit breaker comprising separable contacts (1, 2) and an interrupting chamber (4) for extinguishing an electric arc formed during the opening of said contacts, characterized in that the breaking chamber is according to one of Claims 1 to 9 .
EP08354067A 2007-11-13 2008-10-03 Arc chamber and circuit breaker equipped with such an arc chamber Not-in-force EP2061051B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0707970A FR2923649B1 (en) 2007-11-13 2007-11-13 CUTTING CHAMBER AND CIRCUIT BREAKER EQUIPPED WITH SUCH CUTTING CHAMBER.

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EP2061051A1 true EP2061051A1 (en) 2009-05-20
EP2061051B1 EP2061051B1 (en) 2010-01-20

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EP08354067A Not-in-force EP2061051B1 (en) 2007-11-13 2008-10-03 Arc chamber and circuit breaker equipped with such an arc chamber

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US (1) US8519292B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2061051B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101436495B (en)
AT (1) ATE456145T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0804899B1 (en)
DE (1) DE602008000584D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2336161T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2923649B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2479060C2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101436495A (en) 2009-05-20
RU2479060C2 (en) 2013-04-10
US8519292B2 (en) 2013-08-27
FR2923649A1 (en) 2009-05-15
BRPI0804899A2 (en) 2010-07-27
DE602008000584D1 (en) 2010-03-11
US20090120908A1 (en) 2009-05-14
EP2061051B1 (en) 2010-01-20
RU2008144742A (en) 2010-05-20
ES2336161T3 (en) 2010-04-08
FR2923649B1 (en) 2009-12-11
ATE456145T1 (en) 2010-02-15
BRPI0804899B1 (en) 2019-01-22
CN101436495B (en) 2013-08-28

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