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EP1837611B1 - Heat pump - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1837611B1
EP1837611B1 EP07005893A EP07005893A EP1837611B1 EP 1837611 B1 EP1837611 B1 EP 1837611B1 EP 07005893 A EP07005893 A EP 07005893A EP 07005893 A EP07005893 A EP 07005893A EP 1837611 B1 EP1837611 B1 EP 1837611B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
defrosting
evaporator
heat pump
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07005893A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1837611A2 (en
EP1837611A3 (en
Inventor
Kai Dr. Schiefelbein
Steffen Smollich
Hartmut Schrader
Karl-Heinz Schrader
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stiebel Eltron GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Stiebel Eltron GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Stiebel Eltron GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Stiebel Eltron GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1837611A2 publication Critical patent/EP1837611A2/en
Publication of EP1837611A3 publication Critical patent/EP1837611A3/en
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Publication of EP1837611B1 publication Critical patent/EP1837611B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat pump with air as a heat source, with a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, which is acted upon by the fan with an air flow, and a device for refrigerant circuit reversal, to defrost the evaporator.
  • a heat pump which delivers heat to a heat sink, in particular a heating system.
  • a heat pump which delivers heat to a heat sink, in particular a heating system.
  • the evaporator tends to freeze even at temperatures above 0 ° C, as the evaporating refrigerant inside the evaporator leads to hypothermia, and condense the water contained in the air and on the Freeze the surface of the evaporator.
  • the evaporator would reduce the air flow caused by a fan due to increased icing. Therefore, it is necessary either to avoid icing or to defrost the iced evaporator.
  • a heat pump heating system in which - in order to accelerate the defrosting - a defrosting pump of the heat transfer circuit is switched off at the start of defrosting, The response of a pressure switch should not cause the compressor to be switched off. When closing the switching valve, the pressure downstream of the condenser can not increase so much that the high pressure switch shuts off the compressor.
  • This heat pump heating system uses a hot gas defrost.
  • a circuit reversal occurs when the condenser is about to freeze. In order not to cause the freezing, is switched back in advance from the circulation mode to heat pump operation, and for further defrosting the hot gas is supplied to the evaporator.
  • US-A-2,801,524 discloses a heat pump according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a heat pump and a method of the type mentioned, in which the defrost cycle is controlled defined.
  • the pressure sensor is connected directly to the switching device in a further advantageous embodiment; Pressure sensor and switching device are hereby integrally executable, An electrical Contact is controlled by the pressure sensor, and an electrical switching signal is forwarded to the device for refrigerant circuit reversal.
  • a refrigerant is circulated by the compressor 2 in the refrigerant circuit, behind the compressor 2, a hot gas monitor 3, a Schrader valve 4 and a high pressure switch 5 is arranged.
  • a device for refrigerant circuit reversal 6 which is a 4-2-way valve in the embodiment.
  • the device 6 is switched so that the refrigerant is passed to the condenser 7.
  • the refrigerant heat to a heat sink, in the embodiment, a heating circuit 40, from.
  • the heat sink can also be a hot water, air heating or the like.
  • the refrigerant is then passed through a check valve 8, a liquid collector 9 and a filter dryer 10 to an internal heat exchanger 11.
  • the internal heat exchanger 11 is realized in the embodiment by soldered or welded refrigerant pipes.
  • the refrigerant line is in front of a heating coil 12, which is guided through the condensate pan of the evaporator 15, with a portion of the refrigerant line in heat-conducting connection, which comes from an evaporator 15 and leads back to the device 6.
  • the condensate is passed to the heating coil 12 of the condensate tray.
  • the expansion valve 14 is connected to a sensor 18, which is arranged in the refrigerant flow direction in heating operation behind the evaporator 15.
  • the evaporator 15 is advantageously equipped with a fan 16, which promotes the air as a heat source through the evaporator 15.
  • a differential pressure sensor 17 which measures the air pressures downstream of the evaporator 15 on the suction side in front of the evaporator 15 and downstream of the evaporator 15 in the flow direction of the air, the icing is detected and the defrosting is initiated at a determined by a predetermined pressure difference icing.
  • the defrost pressure monitor 19 is not a two-position pressure monitor, but rather a sensor which can emit a signal proportional to the pressure of the refrigerant, low-pressure monitoring of the refrigerant is possible with the defrost pressure monitor 19 in heating mode.
  • the device 6 follows again, which is switched so that the refrigerant is conducted to the liquid separator 20. This is followed by the low-pressure monitor 21.
  • the Schrader valve 22 On the suction side 23 in a Kälteschfeifiung 24 in front of the evaporator 15, the Schrader valve 22 is arranged.
  • the differential pressure sensor 17 In defrost mode after Fig. 2 the differential pressure sensor 17 has detected an icing on the evaporator 15 characterized in that the pressure difference before and in particular behind the evaporator 15 or the heat exchanger 11 is too large and a prescribed pressure difference is exceeded.
  • the differential pressure sensor 17 is advantageously connected to a switching device, control or regulation 30.
  • the hot gas monitor 3, the high pressure switch 5, the existing low pressure switch 21 and other sensors are still connected.
  • the expansion valve 14 with the control and regulating device 30.
  • the controller 30 also controls or regulates the control of the heat sink or the heat demand requested by the heat sink and activates the instantaneous water heater 41.
  • the flow heater 41 has at least one flow heater temperature sensor 42, which is also connected to the switching or control device 30. On the part of the heating circuit 40, a temperature sensor 43 at the outlet of the condenser 7 and a temperature sensor 44 of the flow is connected.
  • the heating circuit 40 further includes a filter 45 and a filling or withdrawal tap 46.
  • a filter 45 is also connected in the flow of water to filter out suspended particles contained in the water or to avoid calcification or contamination.
  • the device is switched to the refrigerant circuit reversal 6, that the refrigerant from the compressor 2 past the defrost pressure switch 19 to the evaporator 15, which is to be defrosted out. There, the refrigerant releases heat and is then passed through a check valve 25, the liquid collector 9, the filter drier 10 and another check valve 26 to the condenser 7, since at these pressure ratios, the check valve 8 is closed.
  • check valves solenoid valves connected to the device 30 may alternatively be used.
  • a modified wiring is possible, which allows the refrigerant circuit reversal.
  • the heat pump 1 With the defrost pressure monitor 19, the heat pump 1 is detected in defrost mode when the evaporator 15 is no longer frosted or the icing has dissolved. In this case, the pressure of the refrigerant increases rapidly, which is detected without delay with the defrost pressure monitor 19, since the pressure acts directly and without delay on the sensor.
  • the refrigerant again reaches the device 6, which leads it further to the liquid separator 20 up to the compressor 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The heat pump (1) has a defrosting pressure controller (19) arranged between an expansion valve (14) and a refrigerant circuit reversing device (6). The pressure controller is connected with a control unit or a regulator, and is attached to the device. A pressure sensor transmits the signal corresponding to the refrigerant pressure to the control unit or the regulator for terminating the defrosting of the heat pump. A low pressure monitor is arranged in a refrigerant line for safeguarding a compressor (15) on the suction side. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating a heat pump.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wärmepumpe mit Luft als Wärmequelle, mit einem Verdichter, einem Verflüssiger, einem Expansionsventil, einem Verdampfer, der vom Lüfter mit einem Luftvolumenstrom beaufschlagt wird, und einer Vorrichtung zur Kältemittelkreisumkehr, um den Verdampfer abzutauen.The invention relates to a heat pump with air as a heat source, with a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, which is acted upon by the fan with an air flow, and a device for refrigerant circuit reversal, to defrost the evaporator.

Im Folgenden ist als ein Anwendungsbeispiel eine Wärmepumpe beschrieben, die Wärme an eine Wärmesenke, insbesondere eine Heizungsanlage, abgibt. Bei Wärmepumpen, die Luft als Wärmequelle verwenden, ist bekannt, dass der Verdampfer schon bei Temperaturen über 0°C zur Vereisung neigt, da das verdampfende Kältemittel im Inneren des Verdampfers zu einer Unterkühlung führt, und die in der Luft enthaltenen Wasseranteile kondensieren und auf der Oberfläche des Verdampfers festfrieren. Der Verdampfer würde infolge einer stärkeren Vereisung den Luftdurchsatz, der durch einen Lüfter bewirkt wird, vermindern. Daher ist es erforderlich, die Vereisung entweder zu vermeiden oder den vereisten Verdampfer abzutauen.In the following, as an application example, a heat pump is described, which delivers heat to a heat sink, in particular a heating system. For heat pumps that use air as a heat source, it is known that the evaporator tends to freeze even at temperatures above 0 ° C, as the evaporating refrigerant inside the evaporator leads to hypothermia, and condense the water contained in the air and on the Freeze the surface of the evaporator. The evaporator would reduce the air flow caused by a fan due to increased icing. Therefore, it is necessary either to avoid icing or to defrost the iced evaporator.

Aus DE 35 01 789 C1 ist eine Wärmepumpen-Heizungsanlage bekannt, bei der - um den Abtauvorgang zu beschleunigen - beim Abtaubeginn eine Umwälzpumpe des Wärmeübertragungskreises abgeschaltet wird, Das Ansprechen eines Überdruckschalters soll dabei nicht dazu führen, dass der Verdichter abgeschaltet wird. Beim Schließen des Schaltventils kann sich der Druck nach dem Verflüssiger nicht so erhöhen, daß der Hochdruckwächter den Verdichter abschaltet, Diese Wärmepumpen-Heizungsanlage arbeitet mit einer Heißgasabtauung.Out DE 35 01 789 C1 a heat pump heating system is known in which - in order to accelerate the defrosting - a defrosting pump of the heat transfer circuit is switched off at the start of defrosting, The response of a pressure switch should not cause the compressor to be switched off. When closing the switching valve, the pressure downstream of the condenser can not increase so much that the high pressure switch shuts off the compressor. This heat pump heating system uses a hot gas defrost.

Bei einem Abtauverfahren für eine Wärmepumpe gemäß DE 10 2004 010 066 A1 erfolgt zum Abtauen eine Kreisumkehr, wenn ein Einfrieren des Verflüssigers droht. Um das Einfrieren nicht entstehen zu lassen, wird vorher vom Kreisumkehr-Betrieb auf Wärmepumpen-Betrieb zurückgeschaltet, und zum weiteren Abtauen wird dem Verdampfer Heißgas zugeführt.In a defrost method for a heat pump according to DE 10 2004 010 066 A1 For defrosting, a circuit reversal occurs when the condenser is about to freeze. In order not to cause the freezing, is switched back in advance from the circulation mode to heat pump operation, and for further defrosting the hot gas is supplied to the evaporator.

US-A-2 801 524 offenbart eine Wärmepumpe gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. US-A-2,801,524 discloses a heat pump according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Wärmepumpe und ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art vorzuschlagen, bei dem der Abtauzyklus definiert gesteuert wird.The object of the invention is to propose a heat pump and a method of the type mentioned, in which the defrost cycle is controlled defined.

Gelöst ist die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 oder Anspruchs 3. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gegeben. Das Ende des Abtauens einer Wärmepumpe mittels einer Kältemittelkreisumkehr wird durch einen Drucksensor detektiert, der zwischen einem Expansionsventil und einer Vorrichtung zur Kältemittelkreisumkehr angeordnet ist. Der Drucksensor ist mit einer Schalteinrichtung oder einer Regelung der Wärmepumpe verbunden, die wiederum wenigstens an die Vorrichtung zur Kältemittelkreisumkehr angeschlossen ist. In vorteilhafter Weise ist die Steuerung und Regelung auch mit dem Verdichter und dem Expansionsventil verbunden. Sobald der Drucksensor die Überschreitung eines vorgegebenen Wertes während des Abtauens detektiert, wird das Abtauende eingeleitet. In diesem Fall wird wenigstens die Vorrichtung zur Kältemittelkreisumkehr von Abtaubetrieb auf Heizbetrieb umgeschaltet und/oder der Verdichter ausgeschaltet.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1 or claim 3. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims. The end of the defrosting of a heat pump by means of a refrigerant circuit reversal is detected by a pressure sensor disposed between an expansion valve and a refrigerant circuit reversing device. The pressure sensor is connected to a switching device or a control of the heat pump, which in turn is connected at least to the device for refrigerant circuit reversal. Advantageously, the control and regulation is also connected to the compressor and the expansion valve. As soon as the pressure sensor detects the exceeding of a predetermined value during the defrost, the defrost end is initiated. In this case, at least the device for refrigerant circuit reversal of defrosting is switched to heating operation and / or the compressor is switched off.

Der Drucksensor ist in einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform mit der Schalteinrichtung direkt verbunden; Drucksensor und Schalteinrichtung sind hierbei auch einteilig ausführbar, Ein elektrischer Kontakt wird hierbei vom Drucksensor angesteuert, und ein elektrisches Schaltsignal wird an die Vorrichtung zur Kältemittelkreisumkehr weitergeleitet.The pressure sensor is connected directly to the switching device in a further advantageous embodiment; Pressure sensor and switching device are hereby integrally executable, An electrical Contact is controlled by the pressure sensor, and an electrical switching signal is forwarded to the device for refrigerant circuit reversal.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel beschreibt eine Luft/Wasser-Wärmepumpe, an die ein Heizkreislauf angeschlossen ist. In der Zeichnung zeigen

Figur 1
einen Kältemittelkreislauf einer Luft/Wasser-Wärmepumpe im Heizbetrieb und
Figur 2
einen Kältemittelkreislauf einer Wärmepumpe im Umkehr-Betrieb zur Abtauung.
The embodiment describes an air / water heat pump to which a heating circuit is connected. In the drawing show
FIG. 1
a refrigerant circuit of an air / water heat pump in heating mode and
FIG. 2
a refrigerant circuit of a heat pump in reverse operation for defrosting.

Im Heizbetrieb der Wärmepumpe 1 wird ein Kältemittel vom Verdichter 2 im Kältemittelkreislauf umgetrieben, Hinter dem Verdichter 2 ist ein Heißgaswächter 3, ein Schraderventil 4 und ein Hochdruckwächter 5 angeordnet. Danach folgt auf der sogenannten Hochdruckseite des Kältemittelkreislaufs eine Vorrichtung zur Kältemittelkreisumkehr 6, die im Ausführungsbeispiel ein 4-2-Wegeventil ist. Im Heizbetrieb ist die Vorrichtung 6 so geschaltet, dass das Kältemittel zum Verflüssiger 7 geleitet wird. Im Verflüssiger 7 gibt das Kältemittel Wärme an eine Wärmesenke, im Ausführungsbeispiel ein Heizungskreislauf 40, ab. Die Wärmesenke kann aber auch eine Warmwasserbereitung, Luftheizung oder ähnliches sein. Das Kältemittel wird dann durch ein Rückschlagventil 8, einen Flüssigkeitssammler 9 und einen Filtertrockner 10 weitergeleitet zu einem internen Wärmetauscher 11. Der interne Wärmetauscher 11 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel durch verlötete oder verschweißte Kältemittelleitungen realisiert. Die Kältemittelleitung ist dabei vor einer Heizschlange 12, die durch die Kondensatwanne des Verdampfers 15 geführt ist, mit einem Teil der Kältemittelleitung in wärmeleitender Verbindung, die aus einem Verdampfer 15 kommt und wieder zur Vorrichtung 6 führt.In heating operation of the heat pump 1, a refrigerant is circulated by the compressor 2 in the refrigerant circuit, behind the compressor 2, a hot gas monitor 3, a Schrader valve 4 and a high pressure switch 5 is arranged. This is followed on the so-called high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit, a device for refrigerant circuit reversal 6, which is a 4-2-way valve in the embodiment. In heating operation, the device 6 is switched so that the refrigerant is passed to the condenser 7. In the condenser 7, the refrigerant heat to a heat sink, in the embodiment, a heating circuit 40, from. The heat sink can also be a hot water, air heating or the like. The refrigerant is then passed through a check valve 8, a liquid collector 9 and a filter dryer 10 to an internal heat exchanger 11. The internal heat exchanger 11 is realized in the embodiment by soldered or welded refrigerant pipes. The refrigerant line is in front of a heating coil 12, which is guided through the condensate pan of the evaporator 15, with a portion of the refrigerant line in heat-conducting connection, which comes from an evaporator 15 and leads back to the device 6.

Hinter dem Wärmetauscher 11 wird das Kondensat an die Heizschlange 12 der Kondensatwanne geleitet. Im weiteren folgt ein Schauglas 13 und ein Expansionsventil 14. Das Expansionsventil 14 ist mit einem Sensor 18 verbunden, der in Kältemittel-Fließrichtung bei Heizbetrieb hinter dem Verdampfer 15 angeordnet ist. Der Verdampfer 15 in vorteilhafter Weise mit einem Lüfter 16 ausgestattet, der die Luft als Wärmequelle durch den Verdampfer 15 fördert. Mittels eines Differenzdrucksensors 17, der zum einen saugseitig vor dem Verdampfer 15 und in Strömungsrichtung der Luft hinter dem Verdampfer 15 die Luftdrücke misst, wird die Vereisung detektiert und bei einer durch eine vorgegebene Druckdifferenz ermittelte Vereisung das Abtauen eingeleitet. Hierzu können auch andere Sensoren, wie Eismelder oder Temperaturfühler dienen. Hinter dem Verdampfer 15 ist der bereits angesprochene Sensor 18 angeordnet, der in vorteilhafter Weise ein Temperatursensor ist, mit dem das Expansionsventil 14 gesteuert wird. Hierauf folgt nun der Abtaudruckwächter 19, der im Heizbetrieb üblicherweise keine Funktion hat. Handelt es sich bei dem Abtaudruckwächter 19 nicht um einen Zweipunkt-Druckwächter, sondern um einen Sensor, der ein dem Druck des Kältemittels entsprechend proportionales Signal abgeben kann, so ist mit dem Abtaudruckwächter 19 im Heizbetrieb eine Niederdruck-Überwachung des Kältemittels möglich.Behind the heat exchanger 11, the condensate is passed to the heating coil 12 of the condensate tray. In the following follows a sight glass 13 and an expansion valve 14. The expansion valve 14 is connected to a sensor 18, which is arranged in the refrigerant flow direction in heating operation behind the evaporator 15. The evaporator 15 is advantageously equipped with a fan 16, which promotes the air as a heat source through the evaporator 15. By means of a differential pressure sensor 17, which measures the air pressures downstream of the evaporator 15 on the suction side in front of the evaporator 15 and downstream of the evaporator 15 in the flow direction of the air, the icing is detected and the defrosting is initiated at a determined by a predetermined pressure difference icing. For this other sensors, such as ice detectors or temperature sensors can serve. Behind the evaporator 15 of the already mentioned sensor 18 is arranged, which is advantageously a temperature sensor with which the expansion valve 14 is controlled. This is followed by the Abtaudruckwächter 19, which usually has no function in heating. If the defrost pressure monitor 19 is not a two-position pressure monitor, but rather a sensor which can emit a signal proportional to the pressure of the refrigerant, low-pressure monitoring of the refrigerant is possible with the defrost pressure monitor 19 in heating mode.

In Kältemittel-Flußrichtung im Heizbetrieb folgt nun wieder die Vorrichtung 6, die so geschaltet ist, dass das Kältemittel zum Flüssigkeitsabscheider 20 geführt ist. Hierauf folgt der Niederdruckwächter 21. Auf der Saugseite 23 in einer Kältemittelfeifiung 24 vor dem Verdampfer 15 ist das Schraderventil 22 angeordnet.In the refrigerant flow direction in the heating mode, the device 6 follows again, which is switched so that the refrigerant is conducted to the liquid separator 20. This is followed by the low-pressure monitor 21. On the suction side 23 in a Kältemittelfeifiung 24 in front of the evaporator 15, the Schrader valve 22 is arranged.

Im Abtaubetrieb nach Fig. 2 hat der Differenzdrucksensor 17 eine Vereisung am Verdampfer 15 dadurch festgestellt, dass die Druckdifferenz vor und insbesondere hinter dem Verdampfer 15 oder dem Wärmetauscher 11 zu groß ist und eine vorgeschriebene Druckdifferenz überschritten ist. Der Differenzdrucksensor 17 ist vorteilhafterweise mit einer Schalteinrichtung, Steuerung oder Regelung 30 verbunden. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind weiterhin der Heißgaswächter 3, der Hochdruckwächter 5, der vorhandene Niederdruckwächter 21 sowie weitere Sensoren verbunden. Ebenfalls ist es von Vorteil, das Expansionsventil 14 mit der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 30 zu verbinden. In vorteilhafter Weise wird von der Regelung 30 auch die Steuerung der Wärmesenke bzw. des von der Wärmesenke angeforderten Wärmebedarfs gesteuert oder geregelt sowie der Durchlauferhitzer 41 angesteuert. Der Durchlauferhitzer 41 weist wenigstens einen Durchlauferhitzer-Temperatursensor 42 auf, der ebenfalls mit der Schalt-, Steuer- oder Regeleinrichtung 30 verbunden ist. Seitens des Heizungskreislaufs 40 ist ein Temperaturfühler 43 am Ausgang des Verflüssigers 7 sowie ein Temperaturfühler 44 des Vorlaufs verbunden.In defrost mode after Fig. 2 the differential pressure sensor 17 has detected an icing on the evaporator 15 characterized in that the pressure difference before and in particular behind the evaporator 15 or the heat exchanger 11 is too large and a prescribed pressure difference is exceeded. The differential pressure sensor 17 is advantageously connected to a switching device, control or regulation 30. In the embodiment, the hot gas monitor 3, the high pressure switch 5, the existing low pressure switch 21 and other sensors are still connected. Also is It is advantageous to connect the expansion valve 14 with the control and regulating device 30. Advantageously, the controller 30 also controls or regulates the control of the heat sink or the heat demand requested by the heat sink and activates the instantaneous water heater 41. The flow heater 41 has at least one flow heater temperature sensor 42, which is also connected to the switching or control device 30. On the part of the heating circuit 40, a temperature sensor 43 at the outlet of the condenser 7 and a temperature sensor 44 of the flow is connected.

Der Heizungskreislauf 40 weist weiterhin einen Filter 45 und einen Füll- oder Entnahmehahn 46 auf. Im Falle einer Warmwasserbereitungsanlage ist ebenfalls ein Filter 45 in den Wasserfluß geschaltet, um im Wasser enthaltene Schwebepartikel herauszufiltern oder auch eine Verkalkung oder Verkeimung zu vermeiden.The heating circuit 40 further includes a filter 45 and a filling or withdrawal tap 46. In the case of a water heating system, a filter 45 is also connected in the flow of water to filter out suspended particles contained in the water or to avoid calcification or contamination.

Stellt nun der Differenzdrucksensor 17 eine Vereisung fest, wird die Vorrichtung zur Kältemittelkreis-Umkehr 6 umgeschaltet, dass das Kältemittel vom Verdichter 2 vorbei am Abtaudruckwächter 19 zum Verdampfer 15, der ja abgetaut werden soll, geführt. Dort gibt das Kältemittel Wärme ab und wird erst dann über ein Rückschlagventil 25, den Flüssigkeitssammler 9, den Filtertrockner 10 und ein weiteres Rückschlagventil 26 zum Verflüssiger 7 geführt, da bei diesen Druckverhältnissen das Rückschlagventil 8 verschlossen ist. Anstelle von Rückschlagventilen können alternativ Magnetventile, die mit der Einrichtung 30 verbunden sind, verwendet werden. Auch ist eine geänderte Leitungsführung möglich, die die Kältemittelkreisumkehr ermöglicht.Now, if the differential pressure sensor 17 detects icing, the device is switched to the refrigerant circuit reversal 6, that the refrigerant from the compressor 2 past the defrost pressure switch 19 to the evaporator 15, which is to be defrosted out. There, the refrigerant releases heat and is then passed through a check valve 25, the liquid collector 9, the filter drier 10 and another check valve 26 to the condenser 7, since at these pressure ratios, the check valve 8 is closed. Instead of check valves, solenoid valves connected to the device 30 may alternatively be used. Also, a modified wiring is possible, which allows the refrigerant circuit reversal.

Mit dem Abtaudruckwächter 19 wird im Abtaubetrieb der Wärmepumpe 1 detektiert, wann der Verdampfer 15 nicht mehr vereist ist bzw. sich die Vereisung gelöst hat. In diesem Fall steigt der Druck des Kältemittels schnell an, was mit dem Abtaudruckwächter 19 verzögerungsfrei erfasst wird, da der Druck unmittelbar und ohne Verzögerung auf den Sensor wirkt.With the defrost pressure monitor 19, the heat pump 1 is detected in defrost mode when the evaporator 15 is no longer frosted or the icing has dissolved. In this case, the pressure of the refrigerant increases rapidly, which is detected without delay with the defrost pressure monitor 19, since the pressure acts directly and without delay on the sensor.

Zur Beschleunigung des Abtauens kann das Kältemittel zusätzlich im Verflüssiger 7 Wärme aus dem Heizungskreislauf 40 aufnehmen, die vorher im Heizbetrieb auf sehr effiziente Weise auf die Wärmesenke, in diesem Fall den Heizungskreislauf 40, übertragen wurde. Ist die geringfügige Wärmeentnahme zur Abtauunterstützung aus dem Heizungskreislauf 40, der im Falle des Abtauens als Wärmequelle dienen würde, nicht gewünscht, wird der Heizungskreislauf 40 entweder abgeschaltet oder der Verflüssiger 7 kältemittelseitig mit einem Bypaß oder mit einem Bypaß auf der Heizungsseite umgangen, was mit nicht dargestellten Bypässen und entsprechenden Ventilen, die von der Schalt-, Regel- oder Steuereinrichtung 30 angesteuert werden, eingestellt wird. Eine Pumpe des Heizkreises, die das Wärmeträgermedium umtreibt, wird abgeschaltet oder ein Ventil im Heizkreis geschlossen, um die Wärmeübertragung zu unterbinden.To accelerate the defrosting, the refrigerant can additionally absorb heat from the heating circuit 40 in the condenser 7, which was previously transferred to the heat sink, in this case the heating circuit 40, in a very efficient manner in heating operation. If the small amount of heat to defrost support from the heating circuit 40, which would serve as a heat source in the case of defrosting, not desired, the heating circuit 40 is either switched off or the condenser 7 bypassed the refrigerant side with a bypass or with a bypass on the heater side, which is not shown bypasses and corresponding valves, which are controlled by the switching, control or control device 30, is set. A pump of the heating circuit, which circulates the heat transfer medium is switched off or closed a valve in the heating circuit to prevent heat transfer.

Nach dem Verflüssiger 7 erreicht das Kältemittel wieder die Vorrichtung 6, die es weiter an den Flüssigkeitsabscheider 20 bis hin zum Verdichter 2 führt.After the condenser 7, the refrigerant again reaches the device 6, which leads it further to the liquid separator 20 up to the compressor 2.

Claims (7)

  1. Heat pump with air as the heat source, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator that is acted on by a fan with an airflow and a device for circulating coolant to defrost the evaporator,
    characterized by,
    a defrosting pressure monitor (19) placed between the expansion valve (14) and the device for circulating coolant (6) and connected with a switching device or regulator (30) to the heat pump (1) that is at least connected to the device for circulating coolant and controls this and that transmits a signal in accordance with the coolant pressure to end the defrosting to the switching device or regulation (30)
    and
    that the defrosting pressure monitor (19) generates a signal proportional to the pressure and is connected as a sensor for the defrosting pressure and low pressure monitors (21) to the control system and regulator (30).
  2. Heat pump in accordance with claim 1,
    characterized by
    an additional low pressure monitor (21) to protect the compressor (2) being placed on the suction side (23) in front of the condenser (2) in the coolant line (24).
  3. Process for operating a heat pump that is operated with air as the heat source, whereby the air is conveyed by a fan over the evaporator and a regulator or control systems activates the compressor when heat for a heating circuit or water heating is required, whereby the regulator or control system receives a signal for the ice status of the evaporator via a sensor,
    containing the process step,
    that the actual value of a signal from the defrosting pressure monitor (19) that is connected between a device for circulating coolant (6) and an expansion valve (14) is compared with a value and that the end of the defrosting cycle is initiated when this value is exceeded and
    that the signal of the pressure sensor (19) creates a signal proportional to the pressure and works as a low pressure monitor (21) during heating operations and turns off the condenser (2) when a predefined low pressure value is fallen short of.
  4. Process in accordance with claim 3,
    characterized by
    the value being between 8 and 15 bar when using coolant R407C.
  5. Process in accordance with claims 3 or 4,
    characterized by
    the value being between 10.5 and 12.5 bar, in particular at approximately 11.5 bar.
  6. Process in accordance with claims 3-5,
    characterized by
    the defrosting being initiated by a differential pressure sensor (17) when a maximum differential pressure is exceeded, whereby the differential pressure is determined by the pressures in the airflow before and after the evaporator (15).
  7. Process in accordance with claim 3,
    characterized by
    the lower pressure value amounting to 1.5 - 3 bar.
EP07005893A 2006-03-22 2007-03-22 Heat pump Active EP1837611B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006013587.3A DE102006013587B4 (en) 2006-03-22 2006-03-22 heat pump

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1837611A2 EP1837611A2 (en) 2007-09-26
EP1837611A3 EP1837611A3 (en) 2010-04-14
EP1837611B1 true EP1837611B1 (en) 2012-03-07

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ID=38121657

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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AT (1) ATE548616T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102006013587B4 (en)

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DE102020134027A1 (en) 2020-12-17 2022-06-23 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Refrigeration system with heat pump function and control unit for determining icing, operating method for and motor vehicle with such a refrigeration system
DE102020134027B4 (en) 2020-12-17 2024-03-07 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Refrigeration system with heat pump function and control unit for determining icing, operating method for and motor vehicle with such a refrigeration system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE548616T1 (en) 2012-03-15
DE102006013587B4 (en) 2016-06-23
EP1837611A2 (en) 2007-09-26
EP1837611A3 (en) 2010-04-14
DE102006013587A1 (en) 2007-09-27

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