EP1835115B1 - Protective method and protective system for valuables - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a protection method and a protection system for valuables according to claim 1 or 7.

Valuables, especially money, must be protected permanently, ie during their storage and during transport. Usually, the valuables are enclosed in inner casings in the form of cassettes, as for example in the document WO 2006 125 796 are described. But it can also suitcases according to the document for this purpose WO 2006 084 853 be used.

The document US 4,391,203 A describes a solution in which an inner housing is fixedly arranged in an outer housing. In a space, a negative pressure is set after a lid of the outer case has been closed. After pressing a lock with a key, this device can be armed. Should the pressure in the device increase without the key being used to disarm the device through the lock, a diaphragm-based pressure sensor triggers invalidation of valuables located in the inner housing.

The term "enclosed" does not necessarily mean that the inner sheaths and also the outer shells mentioned below are provided with mechanical, key-operated locks are closable in the conventional sense; the inner and outer sheaths may also be secured in a suitably different manner in a closed or closed manner against being opened, such that the valuables are encapsulated in a kind of capsule, the interior of which is accessible only by suitable manipulations.

During storage of the valuables, for example in a cash center or in a bank, such cassettes are usually stored in security devices. Also, when transporting vehicles preferably vehicles are used, the holds contain safety devices for the cassettes.

The risk of theft for the cassettes is particularly high for transports between vehicles and buildings or on larger transport routes within building complexes. In order to protect the valuables or the inner casings or cassettes in this case, they are enclosed in special outer shells, and there is provided an anti-abuse device that is triggered by unauthorized manipulation of the outer shell. The abuse protection device can be arranged in or on the inner shell and, for example, be designed to mark and / or value the valuables in such a way that they can not be misused. The anti-abuse device may also include other measures, such as an audible or visual warning signal, that may be detected on-site or at a control center by surveillance personnel.

The outer shells used hitherto, and in particular their safety devices, are complex in their manufacture and generally only suitable for receiving cassettes with certain masses and specific designs.

In particular, the effort to mechanically protect cassettes or transport cases from unauthorized access is increasing. This makes the suitcases ever heavier and more expensive. The electronics used so far is becoming more complex and thereby more complicated to use.

• ein Schutzverfahren zum Schützen von Wertsachen der eingangs genannten Art vorzuschlagen, mit welchem eine hohe Sicherheit gewährleistet und gleichzeitig die Nachteile bekannter Schutzsysteme vermieden werden; und
• ein Schutzsystem zum Schützen von Wertsachen der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das bei hoher Sicherheit einfach in der Herstellung und Anwendung ist.

The object of the invention is therefore to

• to propose a protective method for protecting valuables of the type mentioned, with which ensures a high level of security while avoiding the disadvantages of known protection systems; and
• to provide a protection system for protecting valuables of the type mentioned, which is easy to manufacture and use with high security.

• für das Schutzverfahren durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1; und
• für das Schutzsystem durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 7.

The solution of this task is carried out according to the invention

• for the protection method by the features of independent claim 1 ; and
• for the protection system by the features of independent claim 7 .

Preferred developments of the inventive protective method and of the protective system according to the invention are defined by the respective dependent claims.

According to the invention, an outer shell is used, which can be closed gas-tight. Between the inner shell and the outer shell thereby a pressure chamber is formed, which is acted upon after closing the outer shell with an initial pressure. This initial pressure usually differs little or not from the ambient pressure. In the pressure chamber, a target pressure is now generated, which deviates from the ambient pressure, that is, which is above or below the ambient pressure. The pressure in the pressure chamber is monitored by means of a pressure sensor. Starting from the pressure sensor, the anti-abuse protection device is triggered as soon as the pressure in the pressure chamber deviates from the target pressure by more than a tolerance pressure value.

Means are provided to change the state of the anti-abuse device between a dormant state and a triggerable state. The abuse protection device is brought into the releasable state, preferably after the target pressure has been reached in the pressure chamber, and it will be returned to the dormant state if the outer shell is to be opened by a person authorized to do so.

The target pressure can be generated for example by means of a pump, for which purpose an opening is present in the outer shell through which air passes during the pumping process, and which can be closed tightly as soon as the pump has increased or decreased the pressure in the pressure chamber to the desired pressure. The pump can be arranged inside or outside the outer shell. Such a change in pressure is referred to as a change with external air communication.

The target pressure can also be generated without external air communication, internally but possibly externally controlled, by a physical and / or chemical process.

A physical process for generating the desired pressure can take place in such a way that a time-controllable physical process takes place. An opening in the outer shell, as it is necessary in the use of a pump described above and can form a vulnerability, is unnecessary here. A target pressure which is above the initial pressure can be generated by an expansion of a fluid in gaseous form from a pressure vessel into the pressure space. In this case, a target pressure is preferably selected which is above the ambient or initial pressure. A target pressure which is below the initial pressure can be generated by pumping air from the pressure chamber via a check valve in a pressure chamber arranged in the pressure vessel.

Another possibility for generating the target pressure is to generate a time-controllable chemical, such as pyrotechnic, process in the pressure chamber.

To increase the protection and to take account of changes in the ambient pressure, which may occur as a result of changes in the air pressure and / or the temperature and / or the altitude, it is advantageous if the target pressure is variable.

In addition, it is advantageous for increasing the protection if the target pressure can be selected in terms of time or changed according to a random principle.

As already mentioned, the inner cover is usually a cassette, for example a cashbox, and it usually comprises the anti-abuse device.

The anti-abuse device may for example be a device connected to the inner shell for devaluing the valuables, for example with a coloring or etching substance.

It is particularly advantageous to use a rigid outer shell, for example an outer shell in the manner of a shell suitcase. The main advantages of this are that such shell cases are inexpensive, and that a particular shell case can be used as an outer shell for inner cases of various types and dimensions.

The outer shell may have an inner and an outer wall, wherein the pressure space between these two walls is formed. This has the advantage that the pressure chamber has a smaller volume, so that the generation of the desired pressure requires less effort.

Fig. 1A

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, mit einer intern angeordneten Steuerung, in stark vereinfachter Darstellung;

Fig. 1B

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, mit einer extern angeordneten Steuerung, in stark vereinfachter Darstellung;

Fig. 2A

den zeitlichen Verlauf des Druckes im Druckraum, bei einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemässen Schutzverfahrens bzw. Schutzsystems;

Fig. 2B

den zeitlichen Verlauf des Druckes im Druckraum, bei einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemässen Schutzverfahrens bzw. Schutzsystems;

Fig. 3A

ein Schutzsystem nach der Erfindung, mit einer externen Pumpe zur Erzeugung des Solldruckes;

Fig. 3B

ein Schutzsystem nach der Erfindung, mit internen Pumpe zur Erzeugung des Solldruckes;

Fig. 3C

eine noch weitere Ausführung des erfindungsgemässen Schutzsystems.

Further features and advantages of the invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment and with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1A

a first embodiment of the invention, with an internally arranged control, in a highly simplified representation;

Fig. 1B

A second embodiment of the invention, with an externally arranged control, in a highly simplified representation;

Fig. 2A

the time course of the pressure in the pressure chamber, in a first embodiment of the inventive protection method or protection system;

Fig. 2B

the time course of the pressure in the pressure chamber, in a second embodiment of the inventive protection method or protection system;

Fig. 3A

a protection system according to the invention, with an external pump for generating the desired pressure;

Fig. 3B

a protection system according to the invention, with internal pump for generating the target pressure;

Fig. 3C

a still further embodiment of the inventive protection system.

The figures are simplified and schematic and not to be considered as true to scale. Identical and Similar, or Equal to, or Equivalent Components Elements in all figures are denoted by like reference numerals but not described with respect to each figure to avoid repetition. Details such as 'top', 'bottom', 'left', 'right' refer to the position of the elements in the respective figures.

The Fig. 1A and 1B show a first embodiment of a protection system 10 according to the invention. Valuables 1, here in the form of a bundle of banknotes, are received in an inner shell 12 (eg a cashbox), and this inner shell 12 is enclosed in an outer shell 14.

The inner shell 12 is in the present case an (ATM) cassette and is commonly used for storing and transporting the valuables 1. The outer shell 14 is tightly closed and in particular destined to receive the inner shell 12 with the valuables 1 during transport. In the present case, the outer shell 14 is substantially rigid. As an outer shell 14, for example, a conventional hard shell case or a hard shell case-like container can be used. Preferably, it is a shell case, which is preferably made of a plastic material. Particularly preferred are shell cases made of thermoplastic material, preferably kydex® material.

Within the outer shell 14, when the latter is closed, a pressure space 13 is formed, in which a pressure p (13) prevails, which is different depending on the situation or time, as will be explained below.

The pressure chamber 13 is essentially limited by the inner shell 12 and the outer shell 14. The outer shell 14 may also be two-layered, in which case the pressure chamber is bounded by an outer wall 14.1 and an inner wall 14.2 of the outer shell.

The protection system 10 comprises an anti-abuse device 16 which serves to mark and / or to devaluate the valuables 1 if an unauthorized manipulation of the protection system 10 is detected. This marking or devaluing of the valuables 1 takes place, for example, such that a coloring or corrosive substance is released under pressure on the valuables 1, so that they are no longer usable and it is therefore uninteresting to abuse or steal them. The abuse protection device 16 may also generate an optical or acoustic signal.

Means associated with the anti-abuse device 16 are provided for altering the state of the anti-abuse device 16 between a dormant state in which it is ineligible or less sensitive and a triggerable state. The anti-abuse device 16 can be brought into its triggerable state in various ways. On the one hand, this can in principle influence on various structural elements of the anti-abuse device 16 are taken, on the other hand, the anti-abuse device 16 can be automated or non-automated brought into their releasable state.

The protection system 10 further comprises pressure-changing means 18 in order to generate a setpoint pressure p (13), which deviates measurably from the ambient pressure p (0), when the outer shell 14 is closed in the pressure chamber 13. These means 18 can be arranged permanently in or on the outer shell 14, as will be explained in more detail below, or they can be temporarily arranged outside the outer shell 14.

In the pressure chamber 13 is a pressure sensor 20 which detects the respective pressure p (13) in the pressure chamber 13. The pressure sensor 20 serves to control initialization means 22, by means of which a triggering device 16.1 of the anti-abuse device 16 can be initialized. This initialization takes place as soon as the pressure p (13) in the pressure chamber deviates from the setpoint pressure p (s) by more than a predefinable tolerance value Δp, but only if the abuse device 16 has previously been brought into its triggerable state. The initialization means 22 can according to Fig. 1A within the outer shell 14 and remotely controllable or programmable. The initialization means 22 may also be arranged outside the outer shell 14, in which case the connection to the tripping means 16.1 can be carried out without a conductor. An initialization of the triggering means 16.1 results in the triggering of the anti-abuse device 16.

In the present embodiment, the protection system 10 in the further control means 24. The control means 24 can be used to select the respectively required state of the anti-abuse protection system 16, that is to say its dormant state or its triggerable state. The control means 24 may also serve to set the target pressure p (s) and the tolerance pressure value Δp. In addition, the control means 24 can serve to determine the time of the generation of the setpoint pressure p (s) or to determine the time period during which a manipulation on the outer shell 14 sets the anti-abuse device 16.1 in operation. Preferably, however, building up the setpoint pressure p (s) is completely self-sufficient, i. not influenceable, from. Like the initialization means 22, the control means 24 may also be within the outer shell 14 and remotely controllable or programmable. The control means 24 may also be arranged outside the outer shell 14, with a conductorless connection to the means 18 for generating the desired pressure p (s), to the pressure sensor 20 and to the tripping means 16.1. Simple protection systems according to the invention act with control means in the form of once fixed adjustable time switches. More complex control means are programmable, which means that they can still be influenced after the start of the procedure.

The FIGS. 2A and 2B show a possible pressure curve in the pressure chamber 13 in carrying out the method according to the invention. In FIGS. 2A and 2B in each case the current time t is plotted on the horizontal and the respective pressure p (13) prevailing in the pressure chamber 13 is plotted on the vertical. The ambient pressure is designated p (0). At time t1, the outer shell 14 is closed, wherein, for example, with rapid slamming of a cover of the outer shell 14, an initial pressure p (a) can be set, which is a little higher than the ambient pressure p (0). At time t2, the means for generating the desired pressure p (s) (preferably self-sufficient) are then set in motion, and at time t3, the target pressure p (s) is reached. The protection system 10 is at a suitable time t4, that is, for example, if a theft-prone transport imminent, activated, that is, the anti-abuse device 16 is brought into its triggerable state. However, the protection system 10 may also have been activated at another time. The setpoint pressure p (s) remains for the time being or approaches minimum the ambient pressure p (0), this if the outer shell 14 is not completely sealed. The pressure p (13) is detected continuously or at short intervals by the pressure sensor 20.

In the usual case, that is, if no improper manipulation of the outer shell 14 occurs, the pressure p (13) will not change until the time t6 to the ambient pressure p (0) after the outer shell 14 is opened by authorized persons. Before such an allowed opening of the outer shell 14, the necessary measures are taken at time t5 to bring the anti-abuse device 16 in its non-triggerable, that is, resting or, if present, in their less sensitive state, in this case unwanted triggering prevent the abuse prevention device 16. This pressure curve is in the FIGS. 2A and 2B shown by solid lines.

If, on the other hand, an unauthorized manipulation of the outer shell 14 occurs at the time t *, which results in the opening of the outer shell 14, the pressure p (13) changes from the desired pressure p (s) to the ambient pressure p (0). , At the time t **, that is, as soon as the pressure p (13) by the pressure difference Ap from the target pressure p (s) deviates, the initialization 22 will initialize the triggering means 16.1 and the latter will trigger the anti-abuse device 16, since they are still in their triggerable state is located. This pressure curve is in the FIGS. 2A and 2B shown with dashed lines.

In order to prevent erroneous triggering of the anti-abuse device 16, even at the time t * only a signal can be issued, which requires an acknowledgment within a certain pre-warning period to prevent the erroneous release of the anti-abuse device 16.

When determining the respective desired pressure p (s), the ambient pressure, which is variable depending on the weather conditions and altitude above sea level as well as on the ambient temperature, can also be taken into account. In this way, it can be prevented, for example, that the anti-abuse device is erroneously set in motion because the pressure p (13) has risen due to a high ambient temperature, thereby increased temperature in the outer shell and thus an increased pressure in the outer shell 14.

A variable set pressure p (s) prevents unauthorized persons from preventing the initialization of the anti-abuse device 16 by appropriate measures, for example by opening the outer shell 14 in a pressure chamber.

In Fig. 3A a protection system 10 according to the invention is shown, in which the pressure-changing means 18 for generating the desired pressure p (s) comprise a pump. A tightly shut off breakthrough 18.1 (for example, provided with a suitable valve) is provided in the outer shell 14 so that when not breached breakthrough, the pressure chamber 13 can communicate with the environment.

As a pump, an integrated pump can be used, which is permanently connected to the protection device 10. Such an integrated pump may be an external pump disposed within the outer shell 14 or an internal pump as shown in FIG Fig. 3A shown outside the outer shell 14 is arranged. It can also be used a non-integrated pump, which is only temporarily connected to the other components of the protection system 10. Integrated external pumps and non-integrated pumps make it possible to carry out the power supply for the generation of the target pressure in a structurally simple and energetically not limited manner.

In order to avoid a breakthrough 18.1 in the outer shell 14 when using a pump as a pressure-changing means 18, which may constitute a weak point, the arrangement described below can be selected.

Within the pressure chamber 13, a pressure vessel is provided, which communicates via an opening with a check valve with the pressure chamber 13. When the pump is switched on, the pressure p (13) in the pressure chamber is reduced and the pressure in the pressure vessel is increased.

Fig. 3B shows a further embodiment of the inventive protection system 10, in which for generating the target pressure p (s) a physical process, but not by means of a pump, set in motion. The target pressure p (s) generated in this way is correspondingly Fig. 2A , above the ambient pressure p (0). As a pressure-changing means 18, a pressure vessel is provided substantially. The pressure vessel contains a fluid 18.2 which is under a fluid pressure p (f) which deviates more from the ambient pressure p (0) than the desired pressure p (s) to be generated. After enclosing the inner shell 12 with the valuables 1 in the outer shell 14 of the pressure vessel is opened, and the fluid contained in it 18.2 expands gaseous into the pressure chamber 13, whereby the pressure p (13) to the target pressure p (s) increases.

Fig. 3C shows a still further embodiment of the inventive protection system 10, in which for generating the target pressure p (s), a chemical process is set in motion. Usually, a setpoint pressure p (s) is generated in this case, which corresponds accordingly Fig. 2A is above the ambient pressure p (0) by the chemical reaction leads to an increase in pressure in the pressure chamber 13, as is the case in particular in pyrotechnic processes. But it can also be carried out a chemical reaction, which leads to a reduction in pressure in the pressure chamber 13, so that the target pressure p (s) accordingly Fig. 2B is below the ambient pressure p (0). As a pressure-changing means 18 for carrying out a pyrotechnic reaction, a suitable amount of an explosive with an ignition system 18.3 are arranged in the pressure chamber 13, which is either preprogrammed or externally controllable. The ignition of the explosive takes place at an appropriate time after the inner shell 12 has been included with the valuables 1 in the outer shell 14.

As already mentioned, the use of the term "include" is not necessarily a closing process with a kind of lock, but the introduction and closing.

It has proven particularly useful to specify a negative pressure, since in the case of a negative pressure, the entire system reacts much more sensitively to manipulations. The pressure change in case of a manipulation is much more obvious when setting a negative pressure.

In a presently preferred embodiment of the invention, a double-walled container is used which has an inner shell enclosed in an outer shell. This container is prepared so prepared and the resulting pressure between the inner shell and outer shell pressure chamber is subjected to pressure or negative pressure (preferred variant) and hermetically sealed.

Embodiments in which one works with a special gas are preferred. Sensors may be used which detect not only changes in pressure but also the presence or absence of that particular gas.

Claims (19)

1. A protection method for protecting valuables (1), wherein

   - the valuables (1) are enclosed in an inner envelope (12),

   - the inner envelope (12) is enclosed in an outer envelope (14), and

   - in the event of an unauthorized manipulation on the outer envelope (14), a misuse protection device (16) for the valuables (1) is triggered,

   - upon inclosing of the inner envelope (12) in the outer envelope (14), a sealed closed pressure chamber (13) is formed in the outer envelope (14), to which a starting pressure (p(a)) is applied, ,

   - a target pressure (p(s)), which deviates from the ambient pressure (p(0)), is produced in the pressure chamber (13) by means of pressure-changing means (18), and wherein

   - triggering means (16.1) trigger a misuse protection device (16) in the event of a pressure change,

   - the target pressure (p(s)) is defined,

   - the pressure (p(13)) in the pressure chamber (13) is monitored by means of a pressure sensor (20), and

   - the triggering means (16.1) are controlled by the pressure sensor (20) and trigger the misuse protection device (16) if the pressure (p(13)) in the pressure chamber (13) deviates from the target pressure (p(s)) by more than a tolerance pressure value (Δp),

   characterized in that

   - the target pressure (p(s)) is built up autonomously by means of pressure-changing means (18), and

   - the target pressure (p(s)) is controlled by means of a programmable control means (24), which is connected to the pressure sensor (20), in order to keep the target pressure (p(s)) at a predetermined value in the event of a change of the ambient pressure (p(0)).
2. The protection method according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that the misuse protection device (16) is brought into a triggerable or less sensitive state if the pressure (p(13)) in the pressure chamber (13) has reached the target pressure (p(s)).
3. The protection method according to one of Claims 1 to 2,
   characterized in that the target pressure (p(s)) is produced with the aid of a pump (18).
4. The protection method according to one of Claims 1 to 2,
   characterized in that the target pressure (p(s)) is produced with the aid of a chronologically controllable physical process, which occurs in the interior of the pressure chamber (13), in particular an expansion of a fluid in gaseous form from a pressure container (18).
5. The protection method according to one of Claims 1 to 2,
   characterized in that the target pressure (p(s)) is produced with the aid of a chronologically controllable chemical, for example, pyrotechnic process, which occurs in the interior of the pressure chamber (13).
6. The protection method according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that the target pressure (p(s)) is variable, for example, according to a random principle.
7. A protection system (10) for protecting valuables (1),

   - having an inner envelope (12) for enclosing the valuables (1),

   - having an outer envelope (14) for enclosing the inner envelope (12),

   - having a misuse protection device (16) for the valuables (1), and

   - having a triggering device (16.1) for triggering the misuse protection device (16)
   in the event of an unauthorized manipulation on the outer envelope,
   wherein

   - the outer envelope (14) is closable to form a seal and thus a pressure chamber (13), to which an initial pressure (p(a)) can be applied, is producible in the outer envelope (14),

   - pressure-changing means (18) are provided, in order to produce a target pressure (p(s)), which deviates from the ambient pressure (p(0)), in the pressure chamber (13) when the outer envelope (14) is closed to form a seal,

   - a pressure sensor (20) is arranged to detect the pressure (p(13)) in the pressure chamber (13), and

   - initialization means (22), which are controllable by the pressure sensor (20), are provided, by which the triggering device (16.1) can be initialized and thus the misuse protection device can be triggered if the pressure deviates by more than a tolerance pressure value (Δp) from the target pressure (p(s)), and

   characterized in that:

   - the pressure-changing means (18) is configured such that the target pressure (p(s)) is built up autonomously, and

   - programmable control means (24), which are connected to the pressure sensor (20), are provided, in order to control the target pressure (p(s)) such that in the event of a change of the ambient pressure (p(0)) or the ambient temperature, the target pressure (p(s)) can be kept at a predetermined value.
8. The protection system (10) according to Claim 7,
   characterized in that means are provided to change the state of the misuse protection device (16) between an idle state and a triggerable state, while the target pressure (p(s)) prevails in the pressure chamber (13).
9. The protection system (10) according to one of Claims 7 to 8,
   characterized in that the inner envelope (12) is a cassette, for example, a money cassette, which preferably comprises the misuse protection device (16).
10. The protection system (10) according to one of Claims 7 to 9,
    characterized in that the misuse protection device (16) comprises a device, which is arranged in the inner envelope (12), for devaluing the valuables (1).
11. The protection system (10) according to one of Claims 7 to 10,
    characterized in that the outer envelope (14) is rigid, for example, like a hard-sided case.
12. The protection system (10) according to one of Claims 7 to 10,
    characterized in that

    - the outer envelope (14) has an opening (32), which is closable to form a seal, and via which the pressure chamber (13) can be brought into connection with the surroundings, and

    - the means (18) for producing the target pressure (p(s)) comprise a pump (30) in the pressure chamber (13).
13. The protection system (10) according to Claim 12,
    characterized in that the pump (30) is arranged outside the outer envelope (14).
14. The protection system (10) according to Claim 12,
    characterized in that the pump (30) is attached inside the outer envelope (14) and is controllable from outside the outer envelope (14).
15. The protection system (10) according to one of Claims 7 to 10,
    characterized in that the target pressure (p(s)) in the pressure chamber (13) is producible using physical and/or chemical means.
16. The protection system (10) according to Claim 15,
    characterized in that the means (18) for producing the target pressure (p(s)) in the pressure chamber (13) comprise a pressure container (40), which is arranged in the outer envelope (14), having a fluid (14.1),

    - whose fluid pressure (p(f)) deviates more strongly from the ambient pressure (p(0)) than the target pressure (p(s)),

    - which is closed upon the closing of the outer envelope (14), and

    - which has a control device, in order to produce a connection of the pressure container (40) to the pressure chamber (13) such that the fluid (14.1) expands in gaseous form in the pressure chamber (13) and increases the pressure in the pressure chamber (13) to the target pressure (p(s)).
17. The protection system (10) according to Claim 15,
    characterized in that the means (18) for producing the target pressure (p(s)) in the pressure chamber (13) comprise an explosive material (50),

    - which is arranged in the outer envelope (14),

    - which is ignited by means of a control device (42), wherein the pressure (p(13)) in the pressure chamber (13) is increased to the target pressure (p(s)) by the ignition.
18. The protection system according to one of Claims 7 to 16,
    characterized in that control means (24) are provided, in order to control the target pressure (p(s)), for example, according to a random principle.
19. The protection system (10) according to one of Claims 7 to 16,
    characterized in that

    - the outer envelope (14) has an outer wall (14.1) and an inner wall (14.2), and

    - the pressure chamber (13) is delimited by the outer wall (14.1) and the inner wall (14.2).

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