[go: up one dir, main page]

EP1727881A1 - Stable aqueous particle dispersion the use thereof and method for producing said dispersion - Google Patents

Stable aqueous particle dispersion the use thereof and method for producing said dispersion

Info

Publication number
EP1727881A1
EP1727881A1 EP05729613A EP05729613A EP1727881A1 EP 1727881 A1 EP1727881 A1 EP 1727881A1 EP 05729613 A EP05729613 A EP 05729613A EP 05729613 A EP05729613 A EP 05729613A EP 1727881 A1 EP1727881 A1 EP 1727881A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stable aqueous
aqueous dispersion
dispersion according
particles
dispersion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05729613A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Norman Blank
Urs Mäder
Werner Handl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AMG Mining AG
Original Assignee
Sika Technology AG
Graphit Kropfmuehl AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sika Technology AG, Graphit Kropfmuehl AG filed Critical Sika Technology AG
Priority to EP05729613A priority Critical patent/EP1727881A1/en
Publication of EP1727881A1 publication Critical patent/EP1727881A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
    • C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/102—Silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/102—Silicates
    • C10M2201/103—Clays; Mica; Zeolites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to stable aqueous dispersions of particles.
  • the invention also relates to the use and production processes of such stable aqueous dispersions of particles.
  • graphite dispersions are used as lubricants and release agents, for example in the hot forming of metals. It is required that such graphite dispersions adhere to cold and hot metal surfaces and form a lubricating and Schulz film. This should not only make the metal easier to deform, but also reduce tool wear during deformation.
  • the graphite dispersions are used as coatings, for example for the inner coating of battery cups or rubber vulcanisates, for example for windshield wipers, but also as conductive coatings on plastics, glass, ceramics and others.
  • the aqueous dispersions primarily require universal processability. For example, depending on the application, such dispersions mostly sprayed on.
  • the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion plays an important role and low-viscosity dispersions are required.
  • Graphite dispersions without additives are extremely highly viscous and sometimes thixotropic. This is due to the platelet-like structure of the graphite particles, which build up a so-called card house structure in liquids.
  • This house of cards structure is also known from other platelet-shaped substances, such as clay minerals or kaolines.
  • peptizing agents this house of cards structure can collapse and the stability can be increased by using electrostatically active substances. Such mechanisms of action with peptizers do not work with graphite.
  • macromolecular substances are additionally used to stabilize graphite dispersions.
  • Such macromolecular substances from the connecting groups of the mono- and polysaccharides act as protective colloids while increasing the viscosity.
  • Polyelectrolytes such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates or salts of lignin sulfonic acids also fall under the known spectrum of activity.
  • Schulz colloids there is the problem of breaking up molecular chains, provided that they are added before the grinding.
  • US 5800739 proposes a conductive graphite dispersion which is stabilized with a dispersant which has alkylene oxide groups and has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of 12. This balance is commonly known as HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance).
  • HLB Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance
  • Substances are used, such as polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers, sodium salts of organic sulfonic acids, but also water-soluble polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, which is already known from US 2978428.
  • the disadvantage of these dispersions is the rapid sedimentation.
  • US 5476580 proposes a method for producing coating materials based on graphite and / or carbon black.
  • the teaching provides for a combination of water-soluble dispersing and wetting agents.
  • Anionic substances such as alkali polyacrylates, are mentioned as dispersants.
  • Anionic as well as cationic products are also used as wetting agents.
  • the binders comprise practically the entire group of poly- and monosaccharides as well as resins and polymer dispersions.
  • US 4401579 proposes an aqueous dispersion which essentially contains the auxiliaries corresponding to the prior art.
  • the use of fumaric acid and / or its salts is regarded as new. Fumaric acid salts may have a lubricating effect, but they have no effect on improving dispersion stability.
  • All the known processes have the disadvantage that the concentrations produced do not correspond to the use concentrations.
  • the dispersions must be diluted down to the desired application concentrations. The resulting low concentration lowers the effectiveness of the additives to such an extent that dilutions are sedimentation-stable for only a few hours.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a stable aqueous dispersion of particles, which has a high dispersion stability and can be processed with almost all application methods if possible. According to the invention, this is achieved by the features of the first claim.
  • the advantages of the invention can be seen, inter alia, in the fact that the use of polycarboxylate as stabilizer and dispersant achieves a high storage stability of the aqueous dispersion.
  • the polycarboxylate envelops the particles and, due to the steric stabilization, prevents the particles from approaching each other and thus preventing the formation of agglomerates. This is particularly advantageous since, in the case of disperse systems, the size of the exchange surface and the thickness of the boundary layers are decisive.
  • phase boundary depends hyperbolic on the particle diameter. Very fine-particle dispersions ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ m therefore tend to form agglomerates, so that the theoretical stability advantage, as it results from Stock's law, is offset by the formation of large agglomerate parts. Agglomerates sediment at a comparable rate to primary particles of the same size.
  • the use of polycarboxylates reliably prevents agglomerate formation. By binding the polycarboxylates as stabilizing or dispersing agents on the particle surface, the stabilization takes place through this mechanism. This means that the dispersion remains stable even when diluted, since the stabilization no longer takes place via the viscosity.
  • the present invention relates to a stabilizer or a dispersant from the group of the polycarboxylates for the production of stable aqueous dispersions of particles.
  • Polycarboxylates are comb polymers which consist of a main chain to which carboxylic acid groups are bound as free acids or in the form of their salts, and side chains made of polyalkylene oxide. Such polycarboxylates are known per se, e.g. from EP 1 136 508 A1, EP 1 138 696 A1 and EP 1 138 697 A1 of the applicant. The disclosure of these polycarboxylates is included below.
  • the polyalkylene oxide or polyalkylene glycol side chains can over
  • Ester bond, amide bond or ether bond to the main chain In addition to the carboxylic acid groups and the polyalkylene oxide side chains, further functional or non-functional groups can be attached to the
  • Such comb polymers can be prepared, for example, by copolymerizing unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acids with unsaturated carboxylic esters, unsaturated carboxamides, allyl ethers or vinyl ethers.
  • the carboxylic acids in the finished comb polymer can be in the form of their free acid or in whole or in part in the form of their salts.
  • the comb polymers can also be produced by polymer-analogous reactions.
  • Hydroxyl functions contain reacted under conditions that are too partial
  • the polyalkylene glycol of the side chain is based on polymerized epoxy-containing compounds, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1-butene oxide, phenylethylene oxide, etc.
  • the polyether side chain thus preferably consists of polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide or a mixed copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and has a free end a hydroxyl group, a primary amino group or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which is linear, branched or cyclic, preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • polycarboxylates have a molecular weight of 50,000 to 200,000, preferably 80,000 to 100,000, particularly preferably a molecular weight of 10,000 to 80,000.
  • the cabonic acid salts can be alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts or salts of other divalent or trivalent metal ions, ammonium ions, organic ammonium groups or mixtures.
  • the polycarboxylate according to the invention consists of four structural units (a, b, c and d) and has the structural formula A
  • M hydrogen, alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion, ZW € trivalent metal ion, ammonium ion, organic ammonium group or a mixture thereof,
  • R each R independently of the other hydrogen or methyl
  • R 3 -NH 2 , -NR 5 R 6 , -OR 7 NR 8 R 9 , where R 5 and R 6 are independently a Ci to C 2 o alkyl, cycloalky-I or alkylaryl or aryl group or a hydroxyalkyl group, such as, for example, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl group, or an acetoxyethyl (CH 3 -CO-O-CH 2 -CH 2 -), hydroxy-isopropyl- (HO-CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 - ), Acetoxyisopropyl group (CH 3 -CO-O-CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -), or R 5 and R 6 together form a ring, of which the nitrogen is part, to form a morpholine or imidazoline ring, where R 7 is a C2-C4 alkylene group and R 8 and R 9 are independently a Ci to C 20 alkyl, where
  • the sequence of building blocks a, b, c, d can be in blocks, alternating or random.
  • Polycarboxylates according to formula A can be imagined to be built up from a main chain of polymerized units of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid or a mixed copolymer thereof.
  • the polyalkylanoxide side chains are bonded to this main chain via ester or amide groups.
  • Carboxylic acid groups or the carboxylic acid salts and the polyalkylene glycol side chains, further groups may be bound via esters or amide bonds, such as, for example, alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aromatics, substituted aromatics, hydroxyalkyl groups, dialkylaminoalkyl groups, or heterocyclic rings in which the N of the amide group is a constituent, such as, for example, morpholine or imidazole.
  • esters or amide bonds such as, for example, alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aromatics, substituted aromatics, hydroxyalkyl groups, dialkylaminoalkyl groups, or heterocyclic rings in which the N of the amide group is a constituent, such as, for example, morpholine or imidazole.
  • groups R 3 which are bonded to the main chain via their N as amides are amine residues which have one or two independent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic residues of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso- Propyl, - butyl, iso-butyl or cyclohexyl radicals.
  • amine residues are dibutylamine or dicyclohexylamine.
  • Further examples are amine residues with hydroxyalkyl groups such as ethanolamine or diethanolamine.
  • groups R 3 which are bonded to the main chain via their O as an ester are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic residues of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, iso -Butyl or cyclohexyl residues.
  • Further examples are amino alcohol residues such as methyl diethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, triethanolamine, dibutylaminoethanol, diisopropanolamine, diethylaminoethanol, dimethylaminoethanol.
  • Any substances can be used as particles to be suspended, including graphite, but also metals and alloys,
  • Metal compounds such as metal sulfides, metal oxides but also organic ones
  • Boron nitride, mica, microtalk, hydrotalcite or montmorillonite can be used. These minerals can have a platelet-shaped structure, which consists of individual layer levels and each have different properties in different directions. For example, graphite is electrically a poor conductor perpendicular to the layer plane, but a good conductor in parallel.
  • the structure of the polycarboxylates causes an interaction with the particles / substrate, forms a polymer film and thereby achieves one steric shielding. This not only prevents the agglomerate formation of the particles, but also keeps the particles in suspension.
  • the polycarboxylates according to the invention disperse the particles well in water and that the aqueous dispersions obtained have a low viscosity of 200 to 900 mPas, in particular 300 to 600 mPas. This allows the use of such dispersions in spray applications. This can be done in the classic compressed air spraying process (airspraying) as well as free of compressed air (airless).
  • the dispersions according to the invention can also be used as a lubricant, release agent, coating or coating, it being possible for the dispersion to be applied in addition to spray application, also by dipping processes, using a brush, roller, etc.
  • the dispersions according to the invention also give a perfect surface on the surface to be coated. That it becomes a smooth streak-free surface, no crater formation (orange peel effect), no tear formation, more perfect
  • the polycarboxylates according to the invention result in aqueous dispersions which can be stored for at least more than 4 weeks.
  • the particle size of the particles which can be used in these dispersions is preferably in a size range from 0.05 to 40 ⁇ m, in particular 0.3 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
  • the stabilizer in the dispersion has a proportion / concentration of
  • the proportion / concentration of the particles in the dispersion is preferably 1-40% by weight, in particular 10-30% by weight.
  • polycarboxylates are some examples of polycarboxylates as can be used in slurries, especially mineral slurries.
  • the information relates to structural formula A. Explanation of the designations:
  • PEG1000 polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of about 1000
  • PPG600 polypropylene glycol with an average molecular weight of about 600
  • EO / PO (60/40) 2000 block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in a ratio of 60:40 with an average molecular weight of 2000,
  • Mw 28000
  • R 1 CH3-PEG OOO-
  • R 1 mixture of CH3-PEGIOOO- and CH 3 -PEG3000 in a molar ratio of 50:50
  • R 1 CH 3 -PEGIOOO-
  • R H- for structure a and CH - for structure b and c
  • R 1 CH 3 -PEG2000-
  • R 1 CH3-PEGHOO-
  • R 2 n-butyl-PPO600-
  • R 1 mixture on CH3-PEG500 and CH3-PEG3000 'in a molar ratio of 3: 2
  • R 1 mixture of CH 3 -PEG1000- and CH 3 -PEG3000 'in a molar ratio of 50:50
  • the comparative examples describe aqueous dispersion of particles, in particular plate-like minerals, without using the polycarboxylates according to the invention.
  • Comparative Example 2 Graphite Dispersion for the Forging Industry Based on Comparative Example 1, a polyoxyethylene
  • the amount of the polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer is subtracted from the amount of water of 75 kg used in Comparative Example 1.
  • 73 kg of deionized water are placed in a container with a stirrer and 5 kg of sodium silicate are dissolved therein.
  • 2 kg polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer and subsequently kg with stirring for 20 graphite having an average particle size be 5 o microns added 1.5 d.
  • the finished dispersion has a high viscosity of 1020 mPas. Sedimentation of the graphite began after 6 days.
  • Comparative Example 3 Boron Nitride Dispersion Based on Comparative Example 2, instead of the graphite
  • Example 1 Graphite dispersion for the forging industry
  • the polymer A9 is now used as an aqueous
  • Amount of 35% aqueous polymer A9 fed reduced. 73 kg of deionized water are placed in a container with a stirrer and 5 kg of sodium silicate are dissolved therein. Then 2 kg of polymer A9 as a 35% aqueous solution and then 20 kg of graphite with an average particle size d 50 1.5 ⁇ m are added with stirring. This is followed by a passage through an agitator ball mill which is equipped with zirconium oxide balls.
  • the finished dispersion has a viscosity of 550 mPas and is stable in storage for more than 4 weeks. In comparison to Comparative Example 1, the viscosity of Example 1 according to the invention is about 4 times lower and is well suited for spray application. Dispersion stability is also significantly improved with the use of polymer A9.
  • Example 4 Graphite dispersion for screen coating In this example the polymer A2 is used. 62 kg of water and

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a stable aqueous particle dispersion, wherein the particles in an aqueous medium are stabilised by a polymer stabiliser embodied in the form of a polycarboxylate.

Description

Stabile wässrige Dispersion von Partikeln sowie Verwendung und Herstellungsverfahren solcher Dispersionen Stable aqueous dispersion of particles and the use and manufacturing process of such dispersions

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft stabile wässrige Dispersionen von Partikeln. Die Erfindung betrifft ebenfalls die Verwendung und Herstellungsverfahren solcher stabilen wässrigen Dispersionen von Partikeln.The invention relates to stable aqueous dispersions of particles. The invention also relates to the use and production processes of such stable aqueous dispersions of particles.

Stand der Technik Wässrige Dispersionen von Partikeln werden in verschiedenenPRIOR ART Aqueous dispersions of particles are in various

Anwendungen eingesetzt. Zum Beispiel Graphitdispersionen werden als Schmier- und Trennmittel, beispielsweise bei der Heissumformung von Metallen verwendet. Dabei wird verlangt, dass derartige Graphitdispersionen auf kalten, sowie auf heissen Metalloberflächen haften und einen Schmier- und Schulzfilm bilden. Dieser soll das Metall nicht nur leichter verformbar machen, sondern auch den Werkzeugverschleiss bei der Verformung senken. Oder die Graphitdispersionen werden als Überzüge, beispielsweise bei der Innenbeschichtung von Batteriebechern oder Gummivulkanisaten zum Beispiel für Scheibenwischer, aber auch als leitfähige Überzüge auf Kunststoffen, Glas, Keramik und anderen verwendet. Von den wässrigen Dispersionen wird neben physiologischer Unbedenklichkeit und Lagerstabilität vor allem eine universelle Verarbeitbarkeit gefordert. So werden beispielsweise, je nach Anwendung, solche Dispersionen überwiegend aufgesprüht. Dabei spielt die Viskosität der wässrigen Dispersion eine wichtige Rolle und niedrigviskose Dispersionen werden benötigt. Graphitdispersionen ohne Hilfsstoffe sind extrem hochviskos und teilweise thixotrop. Dies liegt an der plättchenförmigen Struktur der Graphitteilchen, welche in Flüssigkeiten eine sogenannte Kartenhausstruktur aufbauen. Diese Kartenhausstruktur ist auch von anderen plättchenförmigen Stoffen, wie zum Beispiel Tonmineralien oder Kaolinen, bekannt. Hier kann jedoch durch den Einsatz von Peptisationsmitteln diese Kartenhausstruktur zum Einsturz gebracht und die Stabilität durch die Verwendung elektrostatisch wirksamer Substanzen erhöht werden. Solche Wirkungsmechanismen mit Peptisationsmitteln funktionieren bei Graphit nicht. Nach dem bekannten Stand der Technik werden zur Stabilisierung von Graphitdispersionen zusätzlich makromolekulare Substanzen eingesetzt. Solche makromolekularen Substanzen aus den Verbindungsgruppen der Mono- und Polysaccharide fungieren dabei als Schutzkolloide unter Erhöhung der Viskosität. Auch Polyelektrolyte wie Natriumcarboxymethylcellulose, Alginate oder Salze der Ligninsulfonsäuren fallen unter das bekannte Wirkungsspektrum. Bei Verwendung von Schulzkolloiden gemäss dem Stand der Technik besteht das Problem der Zerschlagung von Molekühlketten, sofern sie vor der Vermahlung zugesetzt werden.Applications. For example, graphite dispersions are used as lubricants and release agents, for example in the hot forming of metals. It is required that such graphite dispersions adhere to cold and hot metal surfaces and form a lubricating and Schulz film. This should not only make the metal easier to deform, but also reduce tool wear during deformation. Or the graphite dispersions are used as coatings, for example for the inner coating of battery cups or rubber vulcanisates, for example for windshield wipers, but also as conductive coatings on plastics, glass, ceramics and others. In addition to physiological safety and storage stability, the aqueous dispersions primarily require universal processability. For example, depending on the application, such dispersions mostly sprayed on. The viscosity of the aqueous dispersion plays an important role and low-viscosity dispersions are required. Graphite dispersions without additives are extremely highly viscous and sometimes thixotropic. This is due to the platelet-like structure of the graphite particles, which build up a so-called card house structure in liquids. This house of cards structure is also known from other platelet-shaped substances, such as clay minerals or kaolines. However, by using peptizing agents, this house of cards structure can collapse and the stability can be increased by using electrostatically active substances. Such mechanisms of action with peptizers do not work with graphite. According to the known prior art, macromolecular substances are additionally used to stabilize graphite dispersions. Such macromolecular substances from the connecting groups of the mono- and polysaccharides act as protective colloids while increasing the viscosity. Polyelectrolytes such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates or salts of lignin sulfonic acids also fall under the known spectrum of activity. When using Schulz colloids according to the prior art, there is the problem of breaking up molecular chains, provided that they are added before the grinding.

Zur Herstellung wässriger Dispersionen von Partikeln wurden zahlreiche Verfahren und Formulierungen vorgeschlagen. In der US 5800739 wird eine leitfähige Graphitdispersion vorgeschlagen, welche mit einem Dispergiermittel stabilisiert wird, welches Alkylenoxydgruppen aufweist und ein hydrophil lipophil Gleichgewicht von 12 besitzt. Dieses Gleichgewicht ist allgemein als HLB-Wert (Englisch: HLB = Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) bekannt. Dabei werden Stoffe verwendet, wie zum Beispiel Polyoxyethylen-Polyoxypropylen-Copolymerisate, Natriumsalze organischer Sulphonsauren, aber auch wasserlösliche Polymere wie Polyvinylpyrrolidon, welches bereits aus der US 2978428 bekannt ist. Nachteilig bei diesen Dispersionen ist die rasche Sedimentation. Zwar wird durch die oberflächenaktiven Substanzen der Graphit benetzt und dispergiert, aber nicht ausreichend gegen Sedimentation stabilisiert. Aufgrund der plättchenförmigen Struktur des Graphits sind die Sedimente sehr dicht und schwer redispergierbar. Die US 5476580 schlägt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Beschichtungsmaterialien auf Graphit- und/oder Russbasis vor. Die Lehre sieht eine Kombination von wasserlöslichen Dispergier- und Netzmitteln vor. Als Dispergiermittel sind anionische Substanzen, wie Alkalipolyacrylate genannt Als Netzmittel werden ebenfalls anionische, aber auch kationische Produkte verwendet. Die Bindemittel umfassen praktisch die gesamte Gruppe der Poly- und Monosaccharide sowie Harze und Polymerdispersionen. Einige der vorgeschlagenen Stoffe sind zwar als gute Dispergiermittel bekannt, doch haben sie den Nachteil, dass die Viskosität der Dispersionen stark erhöht wird. Hierdurch wird insbesondere das rheologische Verhalten der Dispersion beeinflusst. In der US 4401579 wird eine wässrige Dispersion vorgeschlagen, welche im wesentlichen die den Stand der Technik entsprechenden Hilfsmittel enthält. Als neu wird dabei die Verwendung von Fumarsäure und/oder deren Salze angesehen. Fumarsäuresalze mögen zwar eine Schmiermittelwirkung haben, für eine Verbesserung der Dispersionsstabilität sind sie jedoch ohne Wirkung. All den bekannten Verfahren haftet als Nachteil an, dass die hergestellten Konzentrationen nicht den Anwendungskonzentrationen entsprechen. Die Dispersionen müssen auf die gewünschten Anwendungskonzentrationen herunter verdünnt werden. Die dadurch erhaltene tiefe Konzentration setzt die Wirksamkeit der Additive so weit herunter, dass Verdünnungen nur noch wenige Stunden sedimentationsstabil sind.Numerous methods and formulations have been proposed for producing aqueous dispersions of particles. US 5800739 proposes a conductive graphite dispersion which is stabilized with a dispersant which has alkylene oxide groups and has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of 12. This balance is commonly known as HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance). Substances are used, such as polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers, sodium salts of organic sulfonic acids, but also water-soluble polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, which is already known from US 2978428. The disadvantage of these dispersions is the rapid sedimentation. Although the graphite is wetted and dispersed by the surface-active substances, but not sufficiently stabilized against sedimentation. Due to the platelet-like structure of the graphite, the sediments are very dense and difficult to redisperse. US 5476580 proposes a method for producing coating materials based on graphite and / or carbon black. The teaching provides for a combination of water-soluble dispersing and wetting agents. Anionic substances, such as alkali polyacrylates, are mentioned as dispersants. Anionic as well as cationic products are also used as wetting agents. The binders comprise practically the entire group of poly- and monosaccharides as well as resins and polymer dispersions. Some of the substances proposed are known to be good dispersants, but they have the disadvantage that the viscosity of the dispersions is greatly increased. This affects in particular the rheological behavior of the dispersion. US 4401579 proposes an aqueous dispersion which essentially contains the auxiliaries corresponding to the prior art. The use of fumaric acid and / or its salts is regarded as new. Fumaric acid salts may have a lubricating effect, but they have no effect on improving dispersion stability. All the known processes have the disadvantage that the concentrations produced do not correspond to the use concentrations. The dispersions must be diluted down to the desired application concentrations. The resulting low concentration lowers the effectiveness of the additives to such an extent that dilutions are sedimentation-stable for only a few hours.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine stabile wässrige Dispersion von Partikeln bereitzustellen, welche eine hohe Dispersionsstabilität zeigt und möglichst mit nahezu allen Auftragsverfahren verarbeitbar ist. Erfindungsgemäss wird dies durch die Merkmale des ersten Anspruchs erreicht. Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind unter anderem darin zu sehen, dass durch die Verwendung von Polycarboxylat als Stabilisator und Dispergiermittel eine hohe Lagerstabilität der wässrigen Dispersion erzielt wird. Das Polycarboxylat umhüllt die Partikel und verhindert durch die sterische Stabilisierung die gegenseitige Annäherung der Partikel und damit die Agglomeratbildung. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft, da bei dispersen Systemen die Grosse der Austauschfläche, sowie die Dicke der Grenzschichten massgebend ist. Die spezifische Phasengrenze hängt hyperbolisch vom Partikeldurchmesser ab. Sehr feinteilige Dispersionen < 1 ,0 μm neigen daher verstärkt zur Agglomeratbildung, so dass der theoretische Stabilitätsvorteil, wie er sich aus dem Stockschen Gesetz ergibt, durch die Bildung grosser Agglomeratteile aufgehoben wird. Agglomerate sedimentieren mit vergleichbarer Geschwindigkeit, wie gleichgrosse Primärteilchen. Durch die Verwendung von Polycarboxylaten wird die Agglomeratbildung sicher verhindert. Durch die Bindung der Polycarboxylate als Stabilisierungs- beziehungsweise Dispergiermittel auf der Partikeloberfläche erfolgt die Stabilisierung durch diesen Mechanismus. So bleibt die Dispersion auch bei einer Verdünnung stabil, da die Stabilisierung nicht mehr über die Viskosität erfolgt.The object of the present invention is to provide a stable aqueous dispersion of particles, which has a high dispersion stability and can be processed with almost all application methods if possible. According to the invention, this is achieved by the features of the first claim. The advantages of the invention can be seen, inter alia, in the fact that the use of polycarboxylate as stabilizer and dispersant achieves a high storage stability of the aqueous dispersion. The polycarboxylate envelops the particles and, due to the steric stabilization, prevents the particles from approaching each other and thus preventing the formation of agglomerates. This is particularly advantageous since, in the case of disperse systems, the size of the exchange surface and the thickness of the boundary layers are decisive. The specific phase boundary depends hyperbolic on the particle diameter. Very fine-particle dispersions <1.0 μm therefore tend to form agglomerates, so that the theoretical stability advantage, as it results from Stock's law, is offset by the formation of large agglomerate parts. Agglomerates sediment at a comparable rate to primary particles of the same size. The use of polycarboxylates reliably prevents agglomerate formation. By binding the polycarboxylates as stabilizing or dispersing agents on the particle surface, the stabilization takes place through this mechanism. This means that the dispersion remains stable even when diluted, since the stabilization no longer takes place via the viscosity.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungFurther advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims. Ways of Carrying Out the Invention

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Stabilisator oder ein Dispergiermittel aus der Gruppe der Polycarboxylate für die Herstellung von stabilen wässrigen Dispersionen von Partikeln. Unter Polycarboxylaten versteht man Kammpolymere, die aus einer Hauptkette, an die Carbonsäuregruppen als freie Säuren oder in Form ihrer Salze gebunden sind, und Seitenketten aus Polyalkylenoxid bestehen. Solche Polycarboxylate sind an sich bekannt, z.B. aus der EP 1 136 508 A1, EP 1 138 696 A1 und EP 1 138 697 A1 der Anmelderin. Die Offenbarung dieser Polycarboxylate ist im folgenden miteingeschlossen. Die Polyalkyleneoxid- oder Polyalkylenglykol-Seitenketten können überThe present invention relates to a stabilizer or a dispersant from the group of the polycarboxylates for the production of stable aqueous dispersions of particles. Polycarboxylates are comb polymers which consist of a main chain to which carboxylic acid groups are bound as free acids or in the form of their salts, and side chains made of polyalkylene oxide. Such polycarboxylates are known per se, e.g. from EP 1 136 508 A1, EP 1 138 696 A1 and EP 1 138 697 A1 of the applicant. The disclosure of these polycarboxylates is included below. The polyalkylene oxide or polyalkylene glycol side chains can over

Esterbindung, Amidbindung oder Etherbindung an die Hauptkette gebunden sein. Neben den Carbonsäuregruppen und den Polyalkylenoxid-Seitenketten können noch weitere funktioneile oder nicht-funktionelle Gruppen, an dieEster bond, amide bond or ether bond to the main chain. In addition to the carboxylic acid groups and the polyalkylene oxide side chains, further functional or non-functional groups can be attached to the

Hauptkette gebunden sein. Solche Kammpolymere können beispielsweise durch Copolymerisation von ungesättigten mono- oder di-Carbonsäuren mit ungesättigten Carbonsäureestern, ungesättigten Carbonsäureamiden, Allylether oder Vinylether hergestellt werden. Die Carbonsäuren im fertigen Kammpolymer können in Form ihrer freien Säure oder ganz oder teilweise in Form ihrer Salze vorliegen. Die Kammpolymere können auch durch polymeranaloge Umsetzungen hergestellt werden. Dabei wird ein Polymer, welches latente oder freie Carboxylgruppen enthält mit ein oder mehreren Verbindungen, die Amin- oderMain chain be bound. Such comb polymers can be prepared, for example, by copolymerizing unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acids with unsaturated carboxylic esters, unsaturated carboxamides, allyl ethers or vinyl ethers. The carboxylic acids in the finished comb polymer can be in the form of their free acid or in whole or in part in the form of their salts. The comb polymers can also be produced by polymer-analogous reactions. Here, a polymer containing latent or free carboxyl groups with one or more compounds, the amine or

Hydroxylfunktionen enthalten unter Bedingungen umgesetzt, die zu teilweiserHydroxyl functions contain reacted under conditions that are too partial

Amidierung beziehungsweise Veresterung der Carboxylgruppen führen. Das Polyalkylenglykol der Seitenkette basiert auf polymerisierten epoxidhaltigen Verbindungen, wie zum Beispiel auf Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid, 1 -Butenoxid, Phenylethylenoxid, etc.. Bevorzugt besteht die Polyetherseitenkette somit aus Polyethylenoxid oder Polypropylenoxid oder einem Misch-Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid und hat am freien Ende eine Hydroxylgruppe, eine primäre Aminogruppe oder eine Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, die linear, verzweigt oder zyklisch ist, bevorzugt eine lineare Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen. Diese Polycarboxylate haben ein Molekulargewicht von 5O00 bis 200O00, bevorzugt 8O00 bis 100O00, besonders bevorzugt ein Molekulargewicht von 10O00 bis 80O00. Die Cabonsauresalze können Alkalimetall oder Erdalkalimetallsalze oder Salze anderer zwei- oder dreiwertiger Metallionen, Ammoniumionen, organische Ammonium-Gruppen oder Mischungen sein. In einer Ausführungsform besteht das erfindungsgemässe Polycarboxylat aus vier Struktureinheiten (a, b, c und d) und hat die Strukturformel AAmidation or esterification of the carboxyl groups lead. The polyalkylene glycol of the side chain is based on polymerized epoxy-containing compounds, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1-butene oxide, phenylethylene oxide, etc. The polyether side chain thus preferably consists of polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide or a mixed copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and has a free end a hydroxyl group, a primary amino group or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which is linear, branched or cyclic, preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. These polycarboxylates have a molecular weight of 50,000 to 200,000, preferably 80,000 to 100,000, particularly preferably a molecular weight of 10,000 to 80,000. The cabonic acid salts can be alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts or salts of other divalent or trivalent metal ions, ammonium ions, organic ammonium groups or mixtures. In one embodiment, the polycarboxylate according to the invention consists of four structural units (a, b, c and d) and has the structural formula A

wobei:in which:

M = Wa sse rstoff, Alkal me tallion, Erdalkalimetallion, ZW€ dreiwertiges Metallion, Ammoniumion, organische Ammonium Gruppe oder eine Mischungen davon,M = hydrogen, alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion, ZW € trivalent metal ion, ammonium ion, organic ammonium group or a mixture thereof,

R = jedes R unabhängig von den anderen Wasserstoff oder Methyl-,R = each R independently of the other hydrogen or methyl,

R1 und R2 Ci bis C20 Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, oder Alkylaryl, -[AO]n-R4, wobei A = C2 bis C4 Alkylen, R4 = Ci bis C20 Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, oder Alkylaryl, und n = 2 - 250, bevorzugt n = 8 - 200, besonders bevorzugt n = 11 - 150, insbesondere n = 11-100 ist,R 1 and R 2 Ci to C 20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkylaryl, - [AO] n -R4, where A = C 2 to C 4 alkylene, R4 = Ci to C 20 alkyl, cyclohexyl, or alkylaryl, and n = 2-250, preferably n = 8-200, particularly preferably n = 11-150, in particular n = 11-100,

R3 = -NH2, -NR5R6, -OR7NR8R9, wobei R5 und R6 unabhängig voneinander eine Ci bis C2o Alkyl-, Cycloalky-I oder Alkylaryl- oder Arylgruppe ist oder eine Hydroxyalkylgruppe, wie beispielsweise Hydroxyethly-, Hydroxypropyl-, Hydroxybutylgruppe ist, oder eine Acetoxyethyl- (CH3-CO-O-CH2-CH2-), Hydroxy-isopropyl- (HO-CH(CH3)-CH2-), Acetoxyisopropylgruppe (CH3-CO-O-CH(CH3)-CH2-), oder R5 und R6 zusammen einen Ring bilden, von dem der Stickstoff ein Teil ist, um einen Morpholin- oder Imidazolinring aufbauen, wobei R7 eine C2-C4 Alkylengruppe und R8 und R9 unabhängig voneinander eine Ci bis C20 Alkyl-, Cycloalky-, Alkylaryl- oder Arylgruppe oder eine Hydroxyalkylgruppe wie beispielsweise Hydroxyethyl-, Hydroxypropyl- oder Hydroxybutylgruppe istR 3 = -NH 2 , -NR 5 R 6 , -OR 7 NR 8 R 9 , where R 5 and R 6 are independently a Ci to C 2 o alkyl, cycloalky-I or alkylaryl or aryl group or a hydroxyalkyl group, such as, for example, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl group, or an acetoxyethyl (CH 3 -CO-O-CH 2 -CH 2 -), hydroxy-isopropyl- (HO-CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 - ), Acetoxyisopropyl group (CH 3 -CO-O-CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -), or R 5 and R 6 together form a ring, of which the nitrogen is part, to form a morpholine or imidazoline ring, where R 7 is a C2-C4 alkylene group and R 8 and R 9 are independently a Ci to C 20 alkyl, cycloalky, alkylaryl or aryl group or a hydroxyalkyl group such as hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl or hydroxybutyl group

a/b/c/d = (0.1 - 0.9) / (0.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.8) / (0 - 0.3), bevorzugt (0.1 - 0.9) / (0.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.5) / (0 - 0.1 ), mehr bevorzugt (0.1 - 0.9) / (0.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.3) / (0 - 0.06), nnoocchh mmeehhrr bbeevvoorrzzuuggtt (0.2 - 0.8) / (0.199 - 0.799) / (0.001 - 0.09) / (0 - 0.06), insbesondere bevorzugt (0.2 - 0.8) / (0.19 - 0.79) / (0 - 0.1) / (0.01 - 0.3), und a + b + c + d = 1 ist.a / b / c / d = (0.1 - 0.9) / (0.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.8) / (0 - 0.3), preferred (0.1 - 0.9) / (0.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.5) / (0 - 0.1), more preferred (0.1 - 0.9) / (0.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.3) / (0 - 0.06), nnoocchh mmeehhrr bbeevvoorrzzuuggtt (0.2 - 0.8) / (0.199 - 0.799) / (0.001 - 0.09) / (0 - 0.06), particularly preferably (0.2 - 0.8) / (0.19 - 0.79) / (0 - 0.1) / (0.01 - 0.3), and a + b + c + d = 1.

Die Abfolge der bausteine a, b, c, d kann blockweise, alternierend oder zufällig sein. Polycarboxylate gemäss der Formel A kann man sich aufgebaut vorstellen, aus einer Hauptkette aus polymerisierten Einheiten von Acrylsäure und Methacrylsäure oder einem Misch-Copolymer davon. Die Polyalkylanoxid- Seitenketten sind über Ester- oder Amidgruppen an diese Hauptkette gebunden. An der Hauptkette der Polycarboxylate können neben denThe sequence of building blocks a, b, c, d can be in blocks, alternating or random. Polycarboxylates according to formula A can be imagined to be built up from a main chain of polymerized units of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid or a mixed copolymer thereof. The polyalkylanoxide side chains are bonded to this main chain via ester or amide groups. On the main chain of the polycarboxylates, in addition to the

Carbonsäuregruppen bzw den Carbonsäure Salzen und den Polyalkylenglyol- Seitenketten noch weitere Gruppen über Ester oder Amidbindung gebunden sein, wie beispielsweise Alkylgruppen, Cycloalkylgruppen, Aromaten, substituierte Aromaten, Hydroxyalkylgruppen, Dialkylaminoalkylgruppen, oder heterozyklische Ringe, bei denen der N der Amidgruppe ein Bestandteil ist, wie Beispielsweise Morpholin oder Imidazol. Beispiele für Gruppen R3 die über ihren N als Amide an die Hauptkette gebunden sind, sind Aminreste, die ein oder zwei voneinander unabhängie aliphatische, cycloaliphatische oder aromatische Reste von 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen wie beispielsweise Methyl-, Ethyl-, Propyl-, iso-Propyl,- Butyl-, iso-Butyl oder Cyclohexylreste. Beispiele für solche Aminreste sind Dibutylamin oder Dicyclohexylamin. Weitere Beispiele sind Aminreste mit Hydroxyalkylgruppen wie Ethanolamin oder Diethanolamin. Beispiele für Gruppen R3 die über ihren O als Ester an die Hauptkette gebunden sind, sind aliphatische, cycloaliphatische oder aromatische Reste von 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie beispielsweise Methyl-, Ethyl-, Propyl-, iso-Propyl,-Butyl-, iso-Butyl- oder Cyclohexylreste. Weitere Beispiele sind Aminoalkoholreste wie Methyl-diethanolamin, Triisopropanolamin, Triethanolamin, Dibutylamino-ethanol, Diisopropanolamin, Diethylamino- ethanol, Dimethylamino-ethanol.Carboxylic acid groups or the carboxylic acid salts and the polyalkylene glycol side chains, further groups may be bound via esters or amide bonds, such as, for example, alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aromatics, substituted aromatics, hydroxyalkyl groups, dialkylaminoalkyl groups, or heterocyclic rings in which the N of the amide group is a constituent, such as, for example, morpholine or imidazole. Examples of groups R 3 which are bonded to the main chain via their N as amides are amine residues which have one or two independent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic residues of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso- Propyl, - butyl, iso-butyl or cyclohexyl radicals. Examples of such amine residues are dibutylamine or dicyclohexylamine. Further examples are amine residues with hydroxyalkyl groups such as ethanolamine or diethanolamine. Examples of groups R 3 which are bonded to the main chain via their O as an ester are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic residues of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, iso -Butyl or cyclohexyl residues. Further examples are amino alcohol residues such as methyl diethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, triethanolamine, dibutylaminoethanol, diisopropanolamine, diethylaminoethanol, dimethylaminoethanol.

Als zu suspendierende Partikel können beliebige Stoffe verwendet werden, umfassend Graphit, aber auch Metalle und Legierungen,Any substances can be used as particles to be suspended, including graphite, but also metals and alloys,

Metallverbindungen wie Metallsulfide, Metalloxide aber auch organischeMetal compounds such as metal sulfides, metal oxides but also organic ones

Verbindungen wie Polyanilin sowie Kombinationen der vorgenannten Stoffe.Compounds such as polyaniline and combinations of the aforementioned substances.

Diese Liste ist nicht abschliessend und soll nur die breite Anwendung verdeutlichen. Insbesondere Mineralien wie zum Beispiel Graphit, Molybdändisulfid,This list is not exhaustive and is only intended to illustrate the broad application. In particular minerals such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide,

Bornitrid, Glimmer, Mikrotalk, Hydrotalcit oder Montmorillonit können verwendet werden. Diese Mineralien können eine plättchenförmige Struktur aufweisen, welche aus einzelnen Schichtebenen besteht und in verschiedenen Richtungen jeweils andere Eigenschaften aufweist. Zum Beispiel ist Graphit senkrecht zur Schichtebene elektrisch ein schlechter Leiter, parallel aber ein guter Leiter. Die Struktur der Polycarboxylate bedingt eine Wechselwirkung mit den Partikeln / Substrat, formen einen Polymerfilm und erzielen dadurch eine sterische Abschirmung. Dadurch wird nicht nur die Agglomeratbildungen der Partikel verhindert, sondern zusätzlich die Partikel in Schwebe gehalten.Boron nitride, mica, microtalk, hydrotalcite or montmorillonite can be used. These minerals can have a platelet-shaped structure, which consists of individual layer levels and each have different properties in different directions. For example, graphite is electrically a poor conductor perpendicular to the layer plane, but a good conductor in parallel. The structure of the polycarboxylates causes an interaction with the particles / substrate, forms a polymer film and thereby achieves one steric shielding. This not only prevents the agglomerate formation of the particles, but also keeps the particles in suspension.

Versuche haben gezeigt, dass die erfindungsgemässen Polycarboxylate die Partikel in Wasser gut dispergieren und dass die erhaltenen wässrigen Dispersionen eine niedrige Viskosität von 200 bis 900 mPas, insbesondere von 300 bis 600 mPas, aufweisen. Dies erlaubt die Verwendung solcher Dispersionen in Sprühapplikationen. Dies kann im klassischen Druckluftsprühverfahren (Airspraying) als auch druckluftfrei (Airless) geschehen. Die erfindungsgemässen Dispersionen können auch als Schmiermittel, Trennmittel, Ueberzug, Beschichtung verwendet werden, wobei die Dispersion neben der Sprühapplikation auch durch Tauchverfahren, mittels Pinsel, Walzen, usw. aufgetragen werden können Die erfindungsgemässen Dispersionen ergeben neben der Eignung für alle Auftragssysteme auch eine einwandfreie Oberfläche auf der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche. D.h. es wird eine glatte schlierenfreie Oberfläche, keine Kraterbildung (Orangenhauteffekt), keine Tränenbildung, einwandfreierTests have shown that the polycarboxylates according to the invention disperse the particles well in water and that the aqueous dispersions obtained have a low viscosity of 200 to 900 mPas, in particular 300 to 600 mPas. This allows the use of such dispersions in spray applications. This can be done in the classic compressed air spraying process (airspraying) as well as free of compressed air (airless). The dispersions according to the invention can also be used as a lubricant, release agent, coating or coating, it being possible for the dispersion to be applied in addition to spray application, also by dipping processes, using a brush, roller, etc. In addition to being suitable for all application systems, the dispersions according to the invention also give a perfect surface on the surface to be coated. That it becomes a smooth streak-free surface, no crater formation (orange peel effect), no tear formation, more perfect

Verlauf und gute Haftung (Adhäsion) erzielt. Die erfindungsgemässen Polycarboxylate ergeben wässrige Dispersionen, welche mindesten mehr als 4 Wochen lagerfähig sind.Flow and good adhesion (adhesion) achieved. The polycarboxylates according to the invention result in aqueous dispersions which can be stored for at least more than 4 weeks.

Die Partikelgrösse der in diesen Dispersionen verwendbaren Partikel liegt vorzugsweise in einem Grössenbereich von 0.05 bis 40 μm, insbesondere 0.3 bis 5.0 μm. Der Stabilisator in der Dispersion weist einen Anteil / Konzentration vonThe particle size of the particles which can be used in these dispersions is preferably in a size range from 0.05 to 40 μm, in particular 0.3 to 5.0 μm. The stabilizer in the dispersion has a proportion / concentration of

0,1 - 5 Gew. %, vorzugsweise 0,5 - 2 Gew. % auf. Der Anteil / Konzentration der Partikel in der Dispersion beträgt vorzugsweise 1 - 40 Gew. %, insbesondere 10 - 30 Gew. %.0.1-5% by weight, preferably 0.5-2% by weight. The proportion / concentration of the particles in the dispersion is preferably 1-40% by weight, in particular 10-30% by weight.

Im folgenden werden einige Beispiele aufgezeigt, die die Erfindung weiter veranschaulichen sollen, den Umfang der Erfindung aber in keiner Weise beschränken. BeispieleSome examples are presented below, which are intended to further illustrate the invention but do not limit the scope of the invention in any way. Examples

Polymerepolymers

Die folgenden Polymere sind einige Beispiele für Polycarboxylate wie sie in Slurries, insbesondere mineralischen Slurries, eingesetzt werden können. Die Angaben beziehen sich auf die Strukturformel A. Erklärung der Bezeichnungen:The following polymers are some examples of polycarboxylates as can be used in slurries, especially mineral slurries. The information relates to structural formula A. Explanation of the designations:

• PEG1000 = Polyethylenglykol mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von etwa 1000,PEG1000 = polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of about 1000,

• PPG600 = Polypropylenglykol mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von etwa 600,PPG600 = polypropylene glycol with an average molecular weight of about 600,

• EO/PO(60/40)2000 = Block-Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid im Verhältnis 60:40 mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 2000,EO / PO (60/40) 2000 = block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in a ratio of 60:40 with an average molecular weight of 2000,

• Mw = mittleres Molekulargewicht• Mw = average molecular weight

Polymer A1 :Polymer A1:

Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mit M= H- und/oder NaPolymer according to the structural formula A with M = H and / or Na

R = H- R1 = CH3-PEGIOOO-R = H- R 1 = CH 3 -PEGIOOO-

R2 = CH3-EO/PO(60/40)1000- a/b/c/d = 0.60/0.35/0.05/0.00 Mw = 13000R 2 = CH 3 -EO / PO (60/40) 1000- a / b / c / d = 0.60 / 0.35 / 0.05 / 0.00 Mw = 13000

Polymer A2:Polymer A2:

Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mit M= H- und/oder NaPolymer according to the structural formula A with M = H and / or Na

R = H- R1 = Gemisch von CH3-PEG1000- und CH3-PEG3000- im Mol-Verhältnis 60:40 R2 = CH3-EO/PO(50/50)2000- a/b/c/d = 0.660/0.339/0.001/0.000 Mw = 28000R = H- R 1 = mixture of CH 3 -PEG1000- and CH 3 -PEG3000- in a molar ratio of 60:40 R 2 = CH 3 -EO / PO (50/50) 2000- a / b / c / d = 0.660 / 0.339 /0.001/0.000 Mw = 28000

Polymer A3:Polymer A3:

Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mit M= H- und/oder Na R = H-Polymer according to structural formula A with M = H- and / or Na R = H-

R1 = CH3-PEG OOO-R 1 = CH3-PEG OOO-

R2 = CH3-PEO5OO- a/b/c/d = 0.65/0.33/0.02/0.00 Mw = 22000R 2 = CH3-PEO5OO- a / b / c / d = 0.65 / 0.33 / 0.02 / 0.00 Mw = 22000

Polymer A4:Polymer A4:

Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mitPolymer according to structural formula A.

M= H- und/oder NaM = H and / or Na

R = H-R = H-

R1 = Gemisch von CH3-PEGIOOO- und CH3-PEG3000 im Mol-Verhältnis 50:50R 1 = mixture of CH3-PEGIOOO- and CH 3 -PEG3000 in a molar ratio of 50:50

R3 = HO-CH2CH2-NH- a/b/c/d = 0.75/0.20/0.00/0.05R 3 = HO-CH2CH2-NH- a / b / c / d = 0.75 / 0.20 / 0.00 / 0.05

Mw = 26000Mw = 26,000

Polymer A5:Polymer A5:

Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mitPolymer according to structural formula A.

M= H- und/oder NaM = H and / or Na

R = CH3-R = CH 3 -

R1 = CH3-PEGIOOO-R 1 = CH 3 -PEGIOOO-

R3 = Dicyclohexyl-NH- a/b/c/d = 0.75/0.20/0.00/0.05R 3 = dicyclohexyl-NH- a / b / c / d = 0.75 / 0.20 / 0.00 / 0.05

Mw = 26000 Polymer A6:Mw = 26,000 Polymer A6:

Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mitPolymer according to structural formula A.

M= H- und/oder NaM = H and / or Na

R = H- für Struktur a und CH - für Struktur b und cR = H- for structure a and CH - for structure b and c

R1 = CH3-PEG2000-R 1 = CH 3 -PEG2000-

R2 = CH3-EO/PO(70/30)2000- a/b/c/d = 0.70/0.29/0.01/0.00R 2 = CH 3 -EO / PO (70/30) 2000- a / b / c / d = 0.70 / 0.29 / 0.01 / 0.00

Mw = 36000Mw = 36,000

Polymer A7:Polymer A7:

Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mitPolymer according to structural formula A.

M= H- und/oder NaM = H and / or Na

R = H-R = H-

R1 = CH3-PEGHOO-R 1 = CH3-PEGHOO-

R2 = n-Butyl-PPO600-R 2 = n-butyl-PPO600-

R3 = (n-Butyl)2-N-CH2CH2-O. a/b/c/d = 0.40/0.50/0.09/0.01R 3 = (n-butyl) 2 -N-CH 2 CH 2 -O. a / b / c / d = 0.40 / 0.50 / 0.09 / 0.01

Mw = 18000Mw = 18,000

Polymer A8:Polymer A8:

Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mit M= H- und/oder NaPolymer according to the structural formula A with M = H and / or Na

R = CH3- R1 = CH3-PEGHOO- a/b/c/d = 0.50/0.50/0.00/0.00 Mw = 18000R = CH 3 - R 1 = CH 3 -PEGHOO- a / b / c / d = 0.50 / 0.50 / 0.00 / 0.00 Mw = 18000

Polymer A9: Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mit M= H- und/oder NaPolymer A9: polymer corresponding to structural formula A with M = H and / or Na

R = CH3-R = CH 3 -

R1 = CH3-PEG1100- a/b/c/d = 0.75/0.25/0.00/0.00 Mw = 23000R 1 = CH 3 -PEG1100- a / b / c / d = 0.75 / 0.25 / 0.00 / 0.00 Mw = 23000

Polymer A10:Polymer A10:

Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mitPolymer according to structural formula A.

M= H- und/oder NaM = H and / or Na

R = CH3-R = CH 3 -

R1 = Mischung auf CH3-PEG500- und CH3-PEG3000' im Mol-Verhältnis 3:2R 1 = mixture on CH3-PEG500 and CH3-PEG3000 'in a molar ratio of 3: 2

R2 = n-Butyl-PPO800- a/b/c/d = 0.74/0.23/0.02/0.01R 2 = n-butyl-PPO800- a / b / c / d = 0.74 / 0.23 / 0.02 / 0.01

Mw = 45000Mw = 45,000

Polymer A11:Polymer A11:

Polymer entsprechend der Strukturformel A mitPolymer according to structural formula A.

M= H- und/oder NaM = H and / or Na

R = H-R = H-

R1 = Gemisch von CH3-PEG1000- und CH3-PEG3000' im Mol-Verhältnis 50:50R 1 = mixture of CH 3 -PEG1000- and CH 3 -PEG3000 'in a molar ratio of 50:50

R3 = (HOCH2CH2)2-N- a/b/c/d = = 0.598/0.400/0.002/0.000 R 3 = (HIGH 2 CH 2 ) 2 -N- a / b / c / d = = 0.598 / 0.400 / 0.002 / 0.000

Mw = 52000Mw = 52,000

VergleichsbeispieleComparative Examples

In den Vergleichsbeispielen sind wässrige Dispersion von Partikeln, insbesondere plättchenförmigen Mineralien, ohne Verwendung der erfindungsgemässen Polycarboxylate beschrieben.The comparative examples describe aqueous dispersion of particles, in particular plate-like minerals, without using the polycarboxylates according to the invention.

Vergleichsbeispiel 1 : Graphit-Dispersion für die Schmiedeindustrie In einem Behälter mit Rührwerk werden 75 kg entionisiertes Wasser vorgelegt und darin 5 kg Natriumsilikat gelöst. Darauffolgend wird unter Rühren 20 kg Graphit mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse dso = 1 ,5 μm zugesetzt. Danach folgt eine Passage durch eine Rührwerkskugelmühle, welche mit Zirkonoxydkugeln bestückt ist. Die fertige Dispersion hat eine hohe Viskosität von 2200 mPas. Nach 6 Tagen begann eine Sedimentation des Graphits.Comparative Example 1: Graphite dispersion for the forging industry 75 kg of deionized water are placed in a container with a stirrer and 5 kg of sodium silicate are dissolved therein. Subsequently, 20 kg of graphite with an average particle size d 50 = 1.5 μm are added with stirring. This is followed by a passage through an agitator ball mill which is equipped with zirconium oxide balls. The finished dispersion has a high viscosity of 2200 mPas. Sedimentation of the graphite began after 6 days.

Vergleichsbeispiel 2: Graphit-Dispersion für die Schmiedeindustrie In Anlehnung an das Vergleichsbeispiel 1 wird nun ein Polyoxyethylen-Comparative Example 2: Graphite Dispersion for the Forging Industry Based on Comparative Example 1, a polyoxyethylene

Polyoxypropylen Copolymer mit einem Molekulargewicht von 12600 und einem HLB-Wert von 20 zugeführt. Die Menge des Polyoxyethylen-Polyoxypropylen Copolymers wird von der Menge des im Vergleichsbeispiel 1 eingesetzten Wassers von 75 kg abgezogen. In einem Behälter mit Rührwerk werden 73 kg entionisiertes Wasser vorgelegt und darin 5 kg Natriumsilikat gelöst. Danach werden 2 kg Polyoxyethylen-Polyoxypropylen Copolymer und darauffolgend unter Rühren 20 kg Graphit mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse d5o = 1,5 μm zugefügt. Danach folgt eine Passage durch eine Rührwerkskugelmühle, welche mit Zirkonoxydkugeln bestückt ist Die fertige Dispersion hat eine hohe Viskosität von 1020 mPas. Nach 6 Tagen begann eine Sedimentation des Graphits.Polyoxypropylene copolymer with a molecular weight of 12600 and an HLB value of 20 fed. The amount of the polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer is subtracted from the amount of water of 75 kg used in Comparative Example 1. 73 kg of deionized water are placed in a container with a stirrer and 5 kg of sodium silicate are dissolved therein. Thereafter, 2 kg polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer and subsequently kg with stirring for 20 graphite having an average particle size be 5 o = microns added 1.5 d. This is followed by a passage through an agitator ball mill which is equipped with zirconium oxide balls. The finished dispersion has a high viscosity of 1020 mPas. Sedimentation of the graphite began after 6 days.

Vergleichsbeispiel 3: Bornitrid-Dispersion In Anlehnung an das Vergleichsbeispiel 2 wird nun anstelle des GraphitsComparative Example 3: Boron Nitride Dispersion Based on Comparative Example 2, instead of the graphite

20 kg Bornitrid mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse d5o = 1,8 μm zugefügt. Die fertige Dispersion hat eine hohe Viskosität von 1310 mPas. Nach 6 Tagen begann eine Sedimentation des Bornitrids. Erfindungsgemässe Beispiele20 kg of boron nitride with an average particle size d 5 o = 1.8 μm were added. The finished dispersion has a high viscosity of 1310 mPas. Sedimentation of the boron nitride began after 6 days. Examples according to the invention

Beispiel 1 : Graphit-Dispersion für die Schmiedeindustrie In diesem erfindungsgemässen Beispiel, welches in Anlehnung an das Vergleichsbeispiel 1 ausgeführt ist, wird nun das Polymer A9 als eine wässrigeExample 1: Graphite dispersion for the forging industry In this example according to the invention, which is based on Comparative Example 1, the polymer A9 is now used as an aqueous

Lösung mit einem Gehalt von 35% des Polymers A9 zugeführt. Die Menge des eingesetzten Wassers entsprechend Vergleichsbeispiel 1 wird durch dieSolution containing 35% of polymer A9 fed. The amount of water used according to Comparative Example 1 is determined by the

Menge des zugeführten 35%igen wässrigen Polymers A9 reduziert. In einem Behälter mit Rührwerk werden 73 kg entionisiertes Wasser vorgelegt und darin 5 kg Natriumsilikat gelöst. Danach werden 2 kg Polymer A9 als 35%ige wässrige Lösung und darauffolgend unter Rühren 20 kg Graphit mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse d50 = 1 ,5 μm zugefügt. Danach folgt eine Passage durch eine Rührwerkskugelmühle, welche mit Zirkonoxydkugeln bestückt ist. Die fertige Dispersion hat eine Viskosität von 550 mPas und ist mehr als 4 Wochen lagerstabil. Im Vergleich zum Vergleichsbeispiel 1 liegt die Viskosität des erfindungsgemässen Beispiels 1 etwa 4 mal niedriger und eignet sich gut für eine Sprühapplikation. Auch die Dispersionsstabilität wird mit dem Einsatz des Polymers A9 wesentlich verbessert.Amount of 35% aqueous polymer A9 fed reduced. 73 kg of deionized water are placed in a container with a stirrer and 5 kg of sodium silicate are dissolved therein. Then 2 kg of polymer A9 as a 35% aqueous solution and then 20 kg of graphite with an average particle size d 50 = 1.5 μm are added with stirring. This is followed by a passage through an agitator ball mill which is equipped with zirconium oxide balls. The finished dispersion has a viscosity of 550 mPas and is stable in storage for more than 4 weeks. In comparison to Comparative Example 1, the viscosity of Example 1 according to the invention is about 4 times lower and is well suited for spray application. Dispersion stability is also significantly improved with the use of polymer A9.

Beispiel 2: Molybdändisulfid-Dispersion Wie in Beispiel 1 mit dem Polymer A9 ausgeführt, werden anstelle des Graphits 20 kg Molydändisulfid mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse dδo = 1,4 μm zugefügt. Die fertige Dispersion hat eine niedrige Viskosität von 330 mPas und ist mehr als 4 Wochen lagerstabil.Example 2: Molybdenum Disulfide Dispersion As stated in Example 1 with the polymer A9, 20 kg of molydand disulfide with an average particle size dδo = 1.4 μm are added instead of the graphite. The finished dispersion has a low viscosity of 330 mPas and is stable in storage for more than 4 weeks.

Beispiel 3: Bornitrid-Dispersion Wie in Beispiel 1 mit dem Polymer A9 ausgeführt, werden anstelle des Graphits 20 kg Bornitrid mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse dso = 1 ,8 μm zugefügt. Die fertige Dispersion hat eine niedrige Viskosität von 460 mPas und ist mehr als 4 Wochen lagerstabil. Beispiel 4: Graphitdispersion für Bildschirmcoating In diesem Beispiel wird das Polymer A2 verwendet. In einem Rührbehälter entsprechend Beispiel 1 wird 62 kg Wasser undExample 3: Boron Nitride Dispersion As stated in Example 1 with the polymer A9, 20 kg of boron nitride with an average particle size d 50 = 1.8 μm are added instead of the graphite. The finished dispersion has a low viscosity of 460 mPas and is stable in storage for more than 4 weeks. Example 4: Graphite dispersion for screen coating In this example the polymer A2 is used. 62 kg of water and

1.5 kg Polymer A2 als 40%ige wässrige Lösung vorgelegt. Unter stetigem Rühren werden 13 kg Natriumsilikat gelöst und danach 15 kg Eisenoxyd mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse d50 = 0.1 μm sowie 8.5 kg Graphit mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse dso = 1.5 μm zugesetzt. Danach erfolgt entsprechend Beispiel 1 eine Passage durch eine Rührwerkskugelmühle. Die erhaltene Dispersion hat eine niedrige Viskosität von 380 mPas und ist mehr als 4 Wochen lagerstabil.1.5 kg of polymer A2 presented as a 40% aqueous solution. With constant stirring, 13 kg of sodium silicate are dissolved and then 15 kg of iron oxide with an average particle size d 50 = 0.1 μm and 8.5 kg of graphite with an average particle size dso = 1.5 μm are added. This is followed by a passage through an agitator ball mill in accordance with Example 1. The dispersion obtained has a low viscosity of 380 mPas and is stable in storage for more than 4 weeks.

Beispiel 5: Graphitdispersion für Gummicoating In einem Rührbehälter wird 50 kg einer hitzereaktiven Acryl-Latex- Polymer-Emulsion mit einem Feststoffgehalt von 49 % vorgelegt. Diese Emulsion wird dann unter stetigem Rühren mit 30 kg entionisiertem Wasser verdünnt. Dann werden 2 kg Polymer A2 als 40%ige wässrige Lösung zugesetzt und 18 kg Graphit mit einer durchschnittlichen Teilchengrösse d50 = 1,8 μm eingerührt. Die Dispersion ist ohne weitere Behandlung gebrauchsfähig und hat eine niedrige Viskosität von 650 mPas. Auch diese Dispersion zeigt eine Lagerstabilität von mehr als 4 Wochen.Example 5: Graphite dispersion for rubber coating 50 kg of a heat-reactive acrylic latex polymer emulsion with a solids content of 49% are placed in a stirred container. This emulsion is then diluted with 30 kg of deionized water with constant stirring. Then 2 kg of polymer A2 are added as a 40% aqueous solution and 18 kg of graphite with an average particle size d 50 = 1.8 μm are stirred in. The dispersion can be used without further treatment and has a low viscosity of 650 mPas. This dispersion also shows a storage stability of more than 4 weeks.

Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf die gezeigten und beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Of course, the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown and described.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims Stabile wässrige Dispersion von Partikeln, wobei die Partikel im wässrigen Medium durch einen polymeren Stabilisator stabilisiert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stabilisator ein Polycarboxylat ist.Stable aqueous dispersion of particles, the particles being stabilized in the aqueous medium by a polymeric stabilizer, characterized in that the stabilizer is a polycarboxylate. 2. Stabile wässrige Dispersion nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polycarboxylat Seitenketten entsprechend einer Kammstruktur hat.2. Stable aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, characterized in that the polycarboxylate has side chains corresponding to a comb structure. 3. Stabile wässrige Dispersion nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polycarboxylat eine Strukturformel A3. Stable aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polycarboxylate has a structural formula A. aufweist, wobei M = Wasserstoff, Alkalimetallion, Erdalkalimetallion, zwei- oder dreiwertiges Metallion, Ammoniumion, organische Ammonium Gruppe oder eine Mischungen davon, where M = hydrogen, alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion, divalent or trivalent metal ion, ammonium ion, organic ammonium group or a mixture thereof, R = jedes R unabhängig von den anderen Wasserstoff oder Methyl-, R1 und R2 = d bis C20 Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, oder Alkylaryl, -[AO]n-R4, wobei A = C2 bis C4 Alkylen, R4 = Ci bis C2o Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, oder Alkylaryl, und n = 2 - 250, bevorzugt n = 8 - 200, besonders bevorzugt n = 11 - 150 ist, R3 = -NH2, -NR5R6, -OR7NR8R9, wobei R5 und R6 unabhängig voneinander eine Ci bis C2o Alkyl-, Cycloalky-I oder Alkylaryl- oder Arylgruppe ist oder eine Hydroxyalkylgruppe ist, oder eine Acetoxyethyl- (CH3-CO-O-CH2-CH2-), Hydroxy-isopropyl- (HO-CH(CH3)-CH2-), AcetoxyisoprOpylgruppe (CH3-CO-O-CH(CH3)-CH2-), oder R5 und R6 zusammen einen Ring bilden, von dem der Stickstoff ein Teil ist, um einen Morpholin- oder Imidazolinring aufbauen, wobei R7 eine C2-C4 Alkylengruppe und R8 und R9 unabhängig voneinander eine Ci bis C20 Alkyl-, Cycloalky-, Alkylaryl- oder Arylgruppe oder eine Hydroxyalkylgruppe ist, dass a/b/c/d = (0.1 - 0.9) / (0.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.8) / (0 - 0.3), und a + b + c + d = 1 ist.R = each R independently of the other hydrogen or methyl, R 1 and R 2 = d to C 20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkylaryl, - [AO] n -R4, where A = C 2 to C 4 alkylene, R4 = Ci to C 2 o alkyl, cyclohexyl, or alkylaryl, and n = 2-250, preferably n = 8-200, particularly preferably n = 11-150, R 3 = -NH 2 , -NR 5 R 6 , -OR 7 NR 8 R 9 , where R 5 and R 6 are independent is a Ci to C 2 o alkyl, cycloalky-I or alkylaryl or aryl group or a hydroxyalkyl group, or an acetoxyethyl (CH 3 -CO-O-CH 2 -CH 2 -), hydroxy-isopropyl (HO -CH (CH 3 ) -CH2-), acetoxyisoprOpylgruppe (CH 3 -CO-O-CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -), or R 5 and R 6 together form a ring, of which the nitrogen is a part, to build up a morpholine or imidazoline ring, where R 7 is a C2-C4 alkylene group and R 8 and R 9 are independently a Ci to C2 0 alkyl, cycloalky, alkylaryl or aryl group or a hydroxyalkyl group that a / b / c / d = (0.1 - 0.9) / (0.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.8) / (0 - 0.3), and a + b + c + d = 1. 4. Stabile wässrige Dispersion nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hydroxyalkylgruppe eine Hydroxyethly-, Hydroxypropyl-, Hydroxybutylgruppe ist.4. Stable aqueous dispersion according to claim 3, characterized in that the hydroxyalkyl group is a hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl group. 5. Stabile wässrige Dispersion nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass a/b/c/d = (0.1 - 0.9) / (O.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.5) / (0 - 0.1), bevorzugt a/b/c/d = (0.1 - 0.9) / (0.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.3) / (0 - 0.06) ist. 5. Stable aqueous dispersion according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a / b / c / d = (0.1-0.9) / (O.1-0.9) / (0-0.5) / (0-0.1) is preferred a / b / c / d = (0.1 - 0.9) / (0.1 - 0.9) / (0 - 0.3) / (0 - 0.06). 6. Stabile wässrige Dispersion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Partikel aus Graphit, Metall, Metall-Legierungen, Metallverbindung wie Metallsulfid, Metallnitrid, Metalloxide, und / oder einer organischen Verbindung sowie Kombinationen der vorgenannten Stoffe bestehen.6. Stable aqueous dispersion according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles consist of graphite, metal, metal alloys, metal compound such as metal sulfide, metal nitride, metal oxides, and / or an organic compound and combinations of the aforementioned substances. 7. Stabile wässrige Dispersion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Partikel mineralisch, insbesondere plattchenformige Minerale wie Graphit, Tonmineralien, Kaolinen, Molybdändisulfid, Glimmer, Bornitrid, Mikrotalk, Hydrotaicit, Montmorillonit oder Mischungen davon sind.7. Stable aqueous dispersion according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles are mineral, in particular plate-shaped minerals such as graphite, clay minerals, kaolins, molybdenum disulfide, mica, boron nitride, microtalk, hydrotaicit, montmorillonite or mixtures thereof. 8. Stabile wässrige Dispersion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Partikel elektrisch leitfähig sind.8. Stable aqueous dispersion according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles are electrically conductive. 9. Stabile wässrige Dispersion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dispersion eine Viskosität von 200 bis 900 mPas, insbesondere von 300 bis 60O mPas, aufweist.9. Stable aqueous dispersion according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispersion has a viscosity of 200 to 900 mPas, in particular from 300 to 60O mPas. 10. Verwendung der stabilen wässrigen Dispersion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche als Schmiermittel, Trennmittel, Ueberzug und / oder in einer Sprühapplikation. 10. Use of the stable aqueous dispersion according to one of the preceding claims as a lubricant, release agent, coating and / or in a spray application. 11. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer stabilen wässrigen Dispersion nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Wasser vorgelegt wird, dass eine wässrige Lösung des Polycarboxylates zugegeben wird, und dass die zu suspendierenden Partikel zugegeben werden.11. A method for producing a stable aqueous dispersion according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that water is initially charged, that an aqueous solution of the polycarboxylate is added, and that the particles to be suspended are added. 12. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer stabilen wässrigen Dispersion nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Zugabe der Partikel die so erhaltene Lösung in einer Rührwerkskugelmühle weiterverarbeitet wird. 12. A method for producing a stable aqueous dispersion according to claim 11, characterized in that after the addition of the particles, the solution thus obtained is further processed in an agitator ball mill.
EP05729613A 2004-03-19 2005-03-18 Stable aqueous particle dispersion the use thereof and method for producing said dispersion Withdrawn EP1727881A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05729613A EP1727881A1 (en) 2004-03-19 2005-03-18 Stable aqueous particle dispersion the use thereof and method for producing said dispersion

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04006670A EP1577372A1 (en) 2004-03-19 2004-03-19 Stable aqueous dispersion of particles , its use and its process of production
EP05729613A EP1727881A1 (en) 2004-03-19 2005-03-18 Stable aqueous particle dispersion the use thereof and method for producing said dispersion
PCT/EP2005/051277 WO2005090533A1 (en) 2004-03-19 2005-03-18 Stable aqueous particle dispersion the use thereof and method for producing said dispersion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1727881A1 true EP1727881A1 (en) 2006-12-06

Family

ID=34833660

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04006670A Withdrawn EP1577372A1 (en) 2004-03-19 2004-03-19 Stable aqueous dispersion of particles , its use and its process of production
EP05729613A Withdrawn EP1727881A1 (en) 2004-03-19 2005-03-18 Stable aqueous particle dispersion the use thereof and method for producing said dispersion

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04006670A Withdrawn EP1577372A1 (en) 2004-03-19 2004-03-19 Stable aqueous dispersion of particles , its use and its process of production

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US20070197705A1 (en)
EP (2) EP1577372A1 (en)
CN (1) CN101068911B (en)
AU (1) AU2005223400A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2559767A1 (en)
MX (1) MXPA06010462A (en)
WO (1) WO2005090533A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200607987B (en)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2648696A1 (en) * 2006-05-02 2007-11-08 Basf Se Copolymers as scale inhibitors
WO2008049872A2 (en) * 2006-10-27 2008-05-02 Akzo Nobel N.V. Aqueous suspension comprising a layered double hydroxide
ATE499332T1 (en) * 2007-10-29 2011-03-15 Sika Technology Ag DISPERSANT FOR HYDRAULIC SETTING SYSTEMS
WO2012018242A2 (en) * 2010-08-05 2012-02-09 한화케미칼 주식회사 High-efficiency heat-dissipating paint composition using a carbon material
US9052289B2 (en) 2010-12-13 2015-06-09 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection using functionalized nanoparticles
KR101975628B1 (en) * 2012-03-26 2019-05-07 교와 가가꾸고교 가부시키가이샤 Fine hydrotalcite particles
CN109195751B (en) * 2016-09-14 2022-12-06 艾罗伯特公司 Systems and methods for configurable operation of class-based robots
CN107903986B (en) * 2017-10-30 2020-08-18 洛斯石油（浙江）有限公司 Preparation method of lubricating oil antiwear additive
WO2023107323A1 (en) * 2021-12-06 2023-06-15 Dow Global Technologies Llc Aqueous graphite lubricant compositions comprising dispersants
US20250019616A1 (en) * 2021-12-06 2025-01-16 Dow Global Technologies Llc Lubricant compositions including polymeric dispersants
US20250034479A1 (en) * 2021-12-06 2025-01-30 Dow Global Technologies Llc Aqueous graphite lubricant compositions

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1138696A1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-04 Sika AG, vorm. Kaspar Winkler &amp; Co. Polymers for cement dispersing admixtures
EP1348729A1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2003-10-01 Sika Schweiz AG Polymers in solid changing state
WO2004016668A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-26 Degussa Construction Chemicals Gmbh Use of block copolymers as dispersants for aqueous suspensions of solids

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2978428A (en) * 1957-08-01 1961-04-04 Surface Chemical Dev Corp Aqueous suspensions of colloidal graphite and their preparation
US3873458A (en) * 1973-05-18 1975-03-25 United States Steel Corp Resin-containing lubricant coatings
DE2849617A1 (en) * 1978-11-15 1980-05-29 Dow Corning Gmbh AQUEOUS LUBRICANT
US4401579A (en) * 1981-09-03 1983-08-30 Acheson Industries, Inc. Water-based metal forming lubricant composition and process
US5476580A (en) * 1993-05-17 1995-12-19 Electrochemicals Inc. Processes for preparing a non-conductive substrate for electroplating
US5800739A (en) * 1996-04-11 1998-09-01 Shipley Company, L.L.C. Stabilized dispersions of graphite particles
US6294014B1 (en) * 1999-12-16 2001-09-25 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Pigment dispersions containing dispersants prepared by controlled radical polymerization and having pendent hydrophilic polymeric segments
EP1136508B1 (en) * 2000-03-22 2013-08-14 Sika Technology AG Cement admixture for improved slump life
DE10028216A1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2001-12-13 Basf Ag Use of polymers with a poly(meth)acrylic acid main chain, ester-linked alkyl-polyalkylene glycol side chains and free carboxyl groups as controllable dispersants for reducing the viscosity of detergent slurries
US20020162749A1 (en) * 2001-03-02 2002-11-07 Emmonds Donald D. Apparatus and methods for continuously electrocoating metal blanks and/or coiled metal substrates
DE10125237A1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-11-28 Basf Ag Water-soluble polymers of esters from acrylic acid and alkyl polyalkylene glycols

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1138696A1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-04 Sika AG, vorm. Kaspar Winkler &amp; Co. Polymers for cement dispersing admixtures
EP1348729A1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2003-10-01 Sika Schweiz AG Polymers in solid changing state
WO2004016668A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-26 Degussa Construction Chemicals Gmbh Use of block copolymers as dispersants for aqueous suspensions of solids

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2005090533A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2559767A1 (en) 2005-09-29
US20070197705A1 (en) 2007-08-23
ZA200607987B (en) 2009-01-28
US20090018246A1 (en) 2009-01-15
CN101068911A (en) 2007-11-07
EP1577372A1 (en) 2005-09-21
AU2005223400A1 (en) 2005-09-29
MXPA06010462A (en) 2007-05-04
WO2005090533A1 (en) 2005-09-29
CN101068911B (en) 2012-11-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2849617C2 (en)
EP2268724B1 (en) Dispersion of waxes and inorganic nanoparticles and use thereof
EP0777010B1 (en) Polysiloxane-polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene triblock-copolymers and antifoam compounds containing the same
DE69108602T2 (en) Liquid polymer / fatty acid suspension.
EP0281936B1 (en) Aqueous dispersions of lamellar silicates, use thereof as paint additives and water-dilutable coating compositions containing lamellar silicates
EP0339310A1 (en) Aqueous gypsum dispersion and its use as a filler and coating pigment in the production of paper and cardboard
US20090018246A1 (en) Stable aqueous particle dispersion the use thereof and method for producing said dispersion
DE69622502T2 (en) Super dispersible thickening composition for aqueous systems and methods for thickening the same
DE3230737C2 (en) Stable suspension of calcined clay and process for their preparation
EP1432743A2 (en) Hydrophilic emulsifiers based on polyisobutylene
DE102005043542A1 (en) Stable aqueous graphite dispersion with high solids content
DE1521386B2 (en) Promoter compound for applying metallic coatings to metallic objects
DE68928566T2 (en) Composition and its use
EP0100963B1 (en) Process for the quick dissolving of water-soluble polymers
DE69629581T2 (en) OIL-FREE, WATER-SOLUBLE LIQUID POLYMER DISPERSION FROM HYDROXYETHYL CELLULOSE
DE4427931C1 (en) Pigment concentrate of electrically conductive metal oxide pigment
DE69129432T2 (en) Resistant calcined clay sludge
EP1067170B1 (en) Use of polymers as anti-misting additive in waterbased coolant lubricants
DE3643459A1 (en) POLYETHERSILOXANE - GRAFT POLYMERISATE
EP3102641B1 (en) Paints, lacquers or other coating agents comprising an anti-pin-hole additive, and production and use of said additive
DE1519396A1 (en) Process for the production of glass polishing agents and abrasives
DE3143354C2 (en) Process for improving the thickening, in particular gel-forming, effect of finely divided silicon dioxide
CH633846A5 (en) Process for preparing viscosity-stable aqueous pigment dispersions for paper coating compositions
Nae et al. Rheologische Eigenschaften assoziativer Verdicker in waßrigen Beschichtungsstoffen/Rheological properties of associative thickeners in water-based coatings
EP3122853B1 (en) Liquid cationic formulation and method for the production thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20061019

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20100830

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: AMG MINING AG

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20171212

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20180424