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EP1796209B1 - Radiocommunication antenna equipped with a radome and method of assembling said radiocommunication antenna equipped with a radome - Google Patents

Radiocommunication antenna equipped with a radome and method of assembling said radiocommunication antenna equipped with a radome Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1796209B1
EP1796209B1 EP06124765A EP06124765A EP1796209B1 EP 1796209 B1 EP1796209 B1 EP 1796209B1 EP 06124765 A EP06124765 A EP 06124765A EP 06124765 A EP06124765 A EP 06124765A EP 1796209 B1 EP1796209 B1 EP 1796209B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
protective surface
radome
reflector
rod
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP06124765A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1796209A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Devicque
François Golias
Yves Gourhand
Pascal Pichon
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Publication of EP1796209A1 publication Critical patent/EP1796209A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H01Q1/427—Flexible radomes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H01Q1/421—Means for correcting aberrations introduced by a radome

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiocommunication antenna provided with a radome and a method of assembling such a radiocommunication antenna provided with a radome.
  • An antenna 10 ( figure 1a ) may comprise a main reflector 12 having a concavity having, for example, the shape of a paraboloid of revolution about an axis 14 of symmetry of this antenna 10 and a power supply device 16 transmitting the electromagnetic waves emitted or received by the antenna 10.
  • Such an antenna 10 To improve the performance of such an antenna 10, it is known to provide the latter with a cylindrical wall 17, hereinafter referred to as screen 17. Such a screen 17 limits the lateral radiation of the antenna 10 and improves its performance.
  • the presence of the screen 17 increases the wind gain of the antenna 10 and the risk of accumulation of elements such as water, dust or snow in this antenna 10. Also, it is known to arrange on the screen 17 a radome 18 which has a flat protective surface 19 partitioning the space defined by the reflector 12 and the screen 17 vis-à-vis elements external to the antenna.
  • the radome 18 is composed of a flexible material, for example canvas, which has the advantage of requiring a limited production cost, to have a small footprint during its conditioning prior to installation on the antenna - the radome can be totally or partially folded prior to use - and be sufficiently transparent to the waves transmitted by the antenna over a bandwidth covering different radio applications so that the same fabric can be used to make different radomes for different antennas.
  • the presence of the protective surface 19 of the radome 18 facing the reflector 12 can reduce the performance of the antenna 10. For example, considering that the antenna 10 is emitting, it appears that the waves reflected by the protective surface 19 disturb the operation of the antenna 10, these reflected waves, being represented by arrows on the Figures 1a, 1b and 1c
  • a phase shift is introduced between the reflected waves so that the disturbances generated by these reflected waves can not be added to each other and the average noise caused by these reflected waves is lowered relative to an untwisted antenna.
  • an inclined flexible radome 18 s has an asymmetry vis-à-vis the axis 14 of the antenna. It is then necessary to take into account a specific orientation of the radome 18, flexible during its assembly on the screen 17 as well as during the assembly of this screen 17, provided with the radome 18, on the antenna, this specific orientation may cause assembly errors.
  • rigid radomes such as the rigid radome 18, the figure 1c have been developed, this rigid radome 18, having a protective surface 19 symmetrical with respect to the axis 14 of the antenna.
  • such a rigid radome 18 can be arranged on a screen without considering the problem of an orientation of the radome with respect to the axis of the antenna.
  • these rigid radomes have a high resistance vis-à-vis external elements such as rain, wind or snow.
  • a rigid radome is high compared to a flexible radome generally consisting of a light material that can be folded or stacked.
  • manufacture, packaging and storage of rigid radomes, prior to assembly on an antenna are complex and expensive.
  • the determination of the thickness of the material used in a rigid radome is also problematic since this thickness is determined according to the frequency band used by the antenna.
  • the thickness of a rigid radome implemented in an antenna transmitting with a wavelength of the order of 40Ghz is practically twice as great as the thickness of a rigid radome of the same kind set in motion. operates in a transmitting antenna with a wavelength of the order of 20 GHZ.
  • the present invention aims to remedy at least one of the disadvantages mentioned above. It relates to a radiocommunication antenna comprising a reflector arranged at a first opening of a cylindrical side screen, a radome formed by a flexible material covering a second opening of this lateral screen so as to have a protective surface opposite the reflector, characterized in that the protective surface is curved by the mechanical action of a deforming element of the antenna coming into contact with this protective surface.
  • Such an antenna provided with a flexible radome, can combine advantages specific to the use of a flexible radome or a rigid radome without presenting various disadvantages.
  • an antenna according to the invention has advantages specific to the use of a flexible radome, namely a limited space requirement of the radome prior to its use - the flexible radome can be folded - and the compatibility of the same radome with antennas operating in different wavelength bands, which reduces the number of radomes to be referenced in a production line assembling such antennas.
  • An antenna according to the invention has a reduced cost, given the generally lower cost of a flexible material relative to a rigid material.
  • an antenna according to the invention can implement a flexible radome in the absence of means for maintaining its protective surface under tension, which limits the number of parts used in the antenna and, consequently, the cost of this, antenna.
  • an antenna according to the invention has a curved protective surface, that is to say non-planar, which decreases the wind angle of the antenna, in accordance with one of the advantages of rigid radomes.
  • the protective surface is curved symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry of the reflector.
  • the flexible radome has an advantage of a rigid radome thanks to its axis of symmetry which facilitates the assembly of the antenna by eliminating the need to take into account the asymmetry specific to the flexible radome of a tilted antenna .
  • the mechanical action is exerted by at least one of the following elements: a rod, a stay or a spring.
  • the deforming element comprises a deformable rod fixed by its two ends inside the cylindrical side screen, the length of the rod being greater than the diameter of the cylinder so as to maintain this curved rod.
  • the deforming element curves the protective surface by a traction force on at least one anchoring point of the protective surface. This embodiment makes it possible to obtain a radome curved towards the reflector.
  • the deforming element curves the protective surface by an action of pressure on at least one point of support of the protective surface, thereby obtaining a radome curved outwardly of the antenna.
  • the deforming element comprises an attachment to a device for feeding the antenna, this deposition reducing the arrangements necessary for the implementation of the deforming element.
  • the deforming element comprises at least one arm, one end of which is fixed to a waveguide and the other end comes into contact with the protective surface, the arm extending collinearly with an axis of symmetry. reflector so as to limit the disturbance caused by the deformer element.
  • the protective surface comprises rigid parts, which gives the radome a greater resistance while allowing its deformation with its (or its) part (s) flexible (s).
  • the invention also relates to a method of assembling a radiocommunication antenna comprising a reflector arranged at a first opening of a cylindrical side screen, a radome formed by a flexible material covering a second opening of this side screen so as to to have a protective surface vis-à-vis the reflector, characterized in that it comprises the step of assembling the antenna so that the protective surface is curved by the mechanical action of a deforming element of the antenna coming into contact with this protective surface.
  • Such a method can be carried out quickly and easily considering the flexibility of the radome and its ease of storage.
  • the method further comprises the step of symmetrically bending the protective surface with respect to an axis of symmetry of the reflector, which simplifies the assembly operation which must not take into account a specific orientation of the radome.
  • the method further comprises the step of selecting the deforming element from one of the following elements: a rod, a stay or a spring, these elements being simple to implement and low costs.
  • the method further comprises the step of securing a deformable rod within the side shield, the length of the rod being greater or the diameter of the screen so as to keep the rod curved.
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e described below, elements of the same nature are identified by the same reference.
  • an antenna 20 that is to say provided with a reflector 22, a side screen 27 arranged to this reflector 22 and a radome 28 partitioning the space included between the reflector 22 and the side shield 27 by means of a protective surface 29 extending opposite the reflector 22.
  • the reflector 22 is arranged at a first opening of the cylindrical side screen 27 while the radome 28 covers the second opening of this side screen 27, the openings of the radome being formed in these embodiments by the circular bases of the cylinder formed by the screen.
  • the protective surface 29 comprises a flexible material and this surface 29 is kept curved with the aid of a deforming element exerting an action on this protective surface, this deforming element varying according to the embodiments of the invention. described below.
  • the deforming element is composed of two 21- h stays which are fixed at one end to the lateral screen 27 and, at their second end, to a hooking point, such as a ring 23, of the radome 28.
  • the stays can be stretched so as to exert a mechanical action on the ring 23 and consequently on the radome 28 whose protective surface 29 is more or less curved depending on the tension exerted by stays 21 h .
  • This embodiment can have many variants by replacing the shrouds 21 h with rods or springs, and by varying the position and the number of these deforming elements that can be rigid or semi-rigid.
  • shrouds 21 h are replaced by rigid elements of such length that they bend the protective surface 29 towards the outside of the antenna 20 by exerting pressure on the latter with the aid of dots support,
  • the protective surface 29 of the radome may be entirely composed of a flexible material, that is to say capable of deforming, or also comprise rigid parts associated with the flexible parts, the resulting radome nevertheless being flexible as shown on the figure 3 .
  • FIG 3 which represents the protective surface of a radome 28 according to the invention seen from the front, are represented rigid parts 32 of the radome associated with a flexible part 30 of this same radome, this combination of rigid parts 32 with a flexible portion 30 generating a flexible radome 28, that is to say deformable, having increased strength compared to a fully flexible radome.
  • FIG. figure 2b A second antenna embodiment according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. figure 2b .
  • the protective surface 29 of the radome 28 is deformed by means of a rod 21, housed in the cavity formed by the reflector 22, the screen 27 and the protective surface 29.
  • the rod 21 is placed perpendicularly to the axis 24 of the antenna 20 by being housed in diametrically opposite cavities of the screen 27.
  • the length of the rod 21 is greater than or greater than the diameter of the rod. screen so that this rod is kept curved in this cavity.
  • the rod is kept folded by the strong mechanical compressive stress that it undergoes.
  • the 25th ends ( figure 4 ) of the rod 21, can be housed in cavities 27c forcing the curvature of the rod 21, as shown in detail on the figure 4 .
  • the rod 21 can be curved towards the reflector ( figure 2b ) or to the protective surface 29 ( Figure 2c ) of the radome 28 while, independently of this curvature, the protective surface can be connected to the rod 21, by one ( Figure 2c ) or many ( figure 2b ) hooks such as rings 23.
  • the flexible surface 29 is curved by a deforming element arranged at the feed device 26 of the antenna.
  • the deformer element comprises two arms 21b fixed at one end to the waveguide 26 which transmits the electromagnetic waves received or transmitted by the subreflector of the antenna 20 and, at their second end, to points 23 ( figure 2d ) or support ( figure 2e ) of the protective surface 29.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to easily bend the protective surface 29 towards the reflector 22 ( figure 2d ) or out of this antenna 20 ( figure 2e ).
  • the deforming elements can be semi-rigid as springs.
  • the same embodiment can combine a plurality of deforming elements such as a rod 21, and 21 h shrouds.
  • the latter can be formed by a relatively transparent material vis-à-vis the electromagnetic waves transmitted by the antenna, such as fiber of glass.
  • a material formed by a polyester having a density close to 680 g / m 2 has the flexibility required to form radomes used in antennas according to the invention.
  • a radome of the same nature - same material and same thickness - can be implemented with antennas operating in different frequency bands, such as the following frequency bands, in GHz: (2.5 - 3.5), (3.4 - 3.6), (3.6 - 4.2), (4.4 - 5.0), (5.25 - 5.85), (5.725 - 5.85), (5.725 - 6.875), (5.925 - 6.425), (5.925) - 6.875), (6.425 - 7.125) (7.125 - 7.75), (7.125 - 8.5), (7.725- 8.275), (7.75- 8.5), (10.3-10.7), (10.5-10.7), (10.7-11.7) , (12.2-13.25), (12.7 - 13.25), (14.2 - 15.35), (17.7 - 19.7), (21.2 - 23.6), (24.25 - 26.5), (26.3 - 28.5), (27.5 - 29.5). ), (29.5 - 31.5), (31.0 - 33.4), (37.0 -
  • the flexible radome is curved symmetrically with respect to an axis of the antenna defined as the axis of symmetry of the reflector of this antenna, this arrangement being particularly simple and quick to implement.
  • the invention can be implemented using an electromagnetic wave return device for arranging the flexible radome to a cylindrical side screen whose axis is not aligned with the axis of the reflector.
  • the flexible radome can be bent symmetrically with respect to the axis of the cylinder formed by the screen so as to obtain the advantages mentioned above, and in particular to minimize the noise generated by the waves reflected by its protective surface.

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Abstract

The antenna (20) has a reflector (22) arranged at an opening of a cylindrical lateral screen (27), and a radome (28) formed by flexible material covering another opening of the screen so as to have a protective surface opposite to the reflector. The protective surface is curved by the mechanical action of deforming elements of the antenna, where the protective surface is curved symmetrically with respect to a symmetric axis of the antenna. An independent claim is also included for a method of assembling a radio communication antenna.

Description

La présente invention concerne une antenne de radiocommunication munie d'un radôme ainsi qu'un procédé d'assemblage d'une telle antenne de radiocommunication munie d'un radôme.The present invention relates to a radiocommunication antenna provided with a radome and a method of assembling such a radiocommunication antenna provided with a radome.

Une antenne 10 (figure 1a) peut comprendre un réflecteur principal 12 présentant une concavité ayant, par exemple, la forme d'un paraboloide de révolution autour d'un axe 14 de symétrie de cette antenne 10 et un dispositif d'alimentation 16 transmettant les ondes électromagnétiques émises ou reçues par l'antenne 10.An antenna 10 ( figure 1a ) may comprise a main reflector 12 having a concavity having, for example, the shape of a paraboloid of revolution about an axis 14 of symmetry of this antenna 10 and a power supply device 16 transmitting the electromagnetic waves emitted or received by the antenna 10.

Pour améliorer les performances d'une telle antenne 10, il est connu de munir cette dernière avec une paroi cylindrique 17, dénommée par la suite écran 17. Un tel écran 17 limite notamment le rayonnement latéral de l'antenne 10 et améliore ainsi ses performancesTo improve the performance of such an antenna 10, it is known to provide the latter with a cylindrical wall 17, hereinafter referred to as screen 17. Such a screen 17 limits the lateral radiation of the antenna 10 and improves its performance.

La présence de l'écran 17 augmente la prise au vent de l'antenne 10 et le risque d'accumulation d'éléments tels que de l'eau, de la poussière ou de la neige dans cette antenne 10. Aussi, il est connu d'agencer à l'écran 17 un radôme 18 qui présente une surface protectrice 19 plane cloisonnant l'espace défini par le réflecteur 12 et l'écran 17 vis-à-vis d'éléments extérieurs à l'antenne.The presence of the screen 17 increases the wind gain of the antenna 10 and the risk of accumulation of elements such as water, dust or snow in this antenna 10. Also, it is known to arrange on the screen 17 a radome 18 which has a flat protective surface 19 partitioning the space defined by the reflector 12 and the screen 17 vis-à-vis elements external to the antenna.

Le radôme 18 est composé d'une matière souple, par exemple en toile, ce qui présente l'avantage de requérir un coût de production limité, de présenter un encombrement réduit lors de son conditionnement préalable à son installation sur l'antenne - le radôme pouvant être totalement ou partiellement plié préalablement à son utilisation - et d'être suffisamment transparent vis-à-vis des ondes transmises par l'antenne sur une largeur de bande couvrant différentes applications de radiocommunications de telle sorte qu'une même toile puisse être utilisée pour fabriquer différents radômes pour différentes antennes.The radome 18 is composed of a flexible material, for example canvas, which has the advantage of requiring a limited production cost, to have a small footprint during its conditioning prior to installation on the antenna - the radome can be totally or partially folded prior to use - and be sufficiently transparent to the waves transmitted by the antenna over a bandwidth covering different radio applications so that the same fabric can be used to make different radomes for different antennas.

Cependant, la présence de la surface protectrice 19 du radôme 18 face au réflecteur 12 peut réduire les performances de l'antenne 10. Par exemple, en considérant que l'antenne 10 est émettrice, il apparaît que les ondes réfléchies par la surface protectrice 19 perturbent le fonctionnement de l'antenne 10, ces ondes réfléchies, étant représentes par des flèches sur les figures 1a, 1b et 1c However, the presence of the protective surface 19 of the radome 18 facing the reflector 12 can reduce the performance of the antenna 10. For example, considering that the antenna 10 is emitting, it appears that the waves reflected by the protective surface 19 disturb the operation of the antenna 10, these reflected waves, being represented by arrows on the Figures 1a, 1b and 1c

Pour limiter ces perturbations, il est connu d'incliner la surface protectrice 19 d'un radôme 18, par rapport à l'axe 14 de l'antenne comme montré sur la figure 1b. Cette inclinaison étant dénommée 'tilt' en anglais, une antenne présentant un radôme dont le plan est ainsi incliné est dite tiltée par la suite.To limit these disturbances, it is known to incline the protective surface 19 of a radome 18 relative to the axis 14 of the antenna as shown in FIG. figure 1b . This inclination being called 'tilt' in English, an antenna having a radome whose plane is so inclined is said to tilt thereafter.

Dans une antenne tiltée, on introduit un déphasage entre les ondes réfléchies de telle sorte que les perturbations engendrées par ces ondes réfléchies ne peuvent s'ajouter entre elles et le bruit moyen provoqué par ces ondes réfléchies est abaissé par rapport à une antenne non tiltée.In a tilted antenna, a phase shift is introduced between the reflected waves so that the disturbances generated by these reflected waves can not be added to each other and the average noise caused by these reflected waves is lowered relative to an untwisted antenna.

Toutefois, un tel radôme 1 8, souple et incliné présente des inconvénients liés à une relative fragilité et aux équipements nécessaires à son assemblage sur l'écran 17, notamment à sa mise et à son maintien sous tension à l'aide d'éléments auto tenseurs tels que des ressorts - non représentés.However, such a radome 1 8, flexible and inclined has drawbacks related to a relative fragility and equipment necessary for its assembly on the screen 17, including its setting and maintenance under tension with auto elements tensors such as springs - not shown.

Finalement, un radôme 18s souple incliné présente une asymétrie vis-à-vis de l'axe 14 de l'antenne. Il est alors nécessaire de prendre en compte une orientation spécifique du radôme 18, souple lors de son assemblage sur l'écran 17 ainsi que lors de l'assemblage de cet écran 17, muni du radôme 18, sur l'antenne, cette orientation spécifique pouvant engendrer des erreurs d'assemblage.Finally, an inclined flexible radome 18 s has an asymmetry vis-à-vis the axis 14 of the antenna. It is then necessary to take into account a specific orientation of the radome 18, flexible during its assembly on the screen 17 as well as during the assembly of this screen 17, provided with the radome 18, on the antenna, this specific orientation may cause assembly errors.

C'est pourquoi, des radômes rigides tel que le radôme rigide 18, de la figure 1c, ont été développés, ce radôme rigide 18, présentant une surface protectrice 19 symétrique par rapport à l'axe 14 de l'antenne.Therefore, rigid radomes such as the rigid radome 18, the figure 1c have been developed, this rigid radome 18, having a protective surface 19 symmetrical with respect to the axis 14 of the antenna.

Ainsi, un tel radôme rigide 18, peut être agencé sur un écran sans considérer la problématique d'une orientation du radôme par rapport à l'axe de l'antenne.Thus, such a rigid radome 18 can be arranged on a screen without considering the problem of an orientation of the radome with respect to the axis of the antenna.

De plus, l'utilisation de radômes rigides permet d'envisager aisément la mise en oeuvre de radômes concaves ou convexes vis-à-vis de la cavité interne de l'antenne, de telles formes pouvant être souhaitables pour notamment diminuer la prise au vent de l'antenne.In addition, the use of rigid radomes makes it easy to envisage the use of concave or convex radomes vis-à-vis the internal cavity of the antenna, such forms that may be desirable in particular to reduce windage of the antenna.

En outre, ces radômes rigides présentent une forte résistance vis-à-vis des éléments extérieurs tels que la pluie, le vent ou la neige.In addition, these rigid radomes have a high resistance vis-à-vis external elements such as rain, wind or snow.

La présente invention résulte de la constatation que, malgré leur nombreux avantages, les radômes rigides présentent des inconvénients d'autant plus importants que leurs dimensions augmentent.The present invention results from the observation that, despite their many advantages, rigid radomes have disadvantages which are all the more important as their dimensions increase.

Ainsi, le poids et l'encombrement d'un radôme rigide est élevé par rapport à un radôme souple genéralement constitué d'une matière légère pouvant être pliée ou empilée. De ce fait, la fabrication, le conditionnement et le stockage des radômes rigides, prèalablement à leur assemblage sur une antenne, sont complexes et coûteux.Thus, the weight and bulk of a rigid radome is high compared to a flexible radome generally consisting of a light material that can be folded or stacked. As a result, the manufacture, packaging and storage of rigid radomes, prior to assembly on an antenna, are complex and expensive.

De plus, la production d'un radôme présentant une épaisseur homogène est d'autant plus difficile que la taille de ce radôme augmente.In addition, the production of a radome having a uniform thickness is all the more difficult as the size of this radome increases.

Par ailleurs, la détermination de l'épaisseur du matériau mis en oeuvre dans un radôme rigide est également problématique puisque cette épaisseur est déterminée en fonction de la bande de fréquences utilisée par t'antenne. Par exemple, l'épaisseur d'un radôme rigide mis en oeuvre dans une antenne transmettant avec une longueur d'onde de l'ordre de 40Ghz est pratiquement deux fois plus importante que l'épaisseur d'un radôme rigide de même nature mis en oeuvre dans une antenne transmettant avec une longueur d'onde de l'ordre de 20 GHZ.Moreover, the determination of the thickness of the material used in a rigid radome is also problematic since this thickness is determined according to the frequency band used by the antenna. For example, the thickness of a rigid radome implemented in an antenna transmitting with a wavelength of the order of 40Ghz is practically twice as great as the thickness of a rigid radome of the same kind set in motion. operates in a transmitting antenna with a wavelength of the order of 20 GHZ.

La présente invention vise à remédier à au moins un des inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus. Elle concerne une antenne de radiocommunication comprenant un réflecteur agencé à une première ouverture d'un écran latéral cylindrique, un radôme formé par un matériau souple recouvrant une seconde ouverture de cet écran lateral de façon à présenter une surface protectrice en vis-à-vis du réflecteur, caractérisée en ce que la surface protectrice est courbée par l'action mécanique d'un élément déformateur de l'antenne venant au contact avec cette surface protectrice.The present invention aims to remedy at least one of the disadvantages mentioned above. It relates to a radiocommunication antenna comprising a reflector arranged at a first opening of a cylindrical side screen, a radome formed by a flexible material covering a second opening of this lateral screen so as to have a protective surface opposite the reflector, characterized in that the protective surface is curved by the mechanical action of a deforming element of the antenna coming into contact with this protective surface.

Une telle antenne, munie d'un radôme souple, peut combiner des avantages propres à l'utilisation d'un radôme souple ou d'un radôme rigide sans en présenter divers inconvénients.Such an antenna, provided with a flexible radome, can combine advantages specific to the use of a flexible radome or a rigid radome without presenting various disadvantages.

De fait, une antenne selon l'invention présente des avantages propres à l'utilisation d'un radôme souple, à savoir un encombrement limité du radôme préalablement à son utilisation - le radôme souple pouvant être plié - et la compatibilité d'un même radôme avec des antennes fonctionnant selon différentes bandes de longueurs d'ondes, ce qui réduit le nombre de radômes devant être référencés dans une chaîne de production assemblant de telles antennes.In fact, an antenna according to the invention has advantages specific to the use of a flexible radome, namely a limited space requirement of the radome prior to its use - the flexible radome can be folded - and the compatibility of the same radome with antennas operating in different wavelength bands, which reduces the number of radomes to be referenced in a production line assembling such antennas.

Une antenne conforme à l'invention présente un coût réduit, compte tenu du coût généralement moins élevé d'un matériau souple par rapport à un matériau rigide.An antenna according to the invention has a reduced cost, given the generally lower cost of a flexible material relative to a rigid material.

En outre, une antenne selon l'invention peut mettre en oeuvre un radôme souple en l'absence de moyens de maintien sous tension de sa surface protectrice, ce qui limite le nombre de pièces mises en oeuvre dans l'antenne et, par conséquent, le coût de cette, antenne.In addition, an antenna according to the invention can implement a flexible radome in the absence of means for maintaining its protective surface under tension, which limits the number of parts used in the antenna and, consequently, the cost of this, antenna.

Par ailleurs, une antenne conforme à l'invention présente une surface protectrice courbée, c'est-à-dire non planaire, qui diminue la prise au vent de l'antenne, conformément à un des avantages des radômes rigides.Furthermore, an antenna according to the invention has a curved protective surface, that is to say non-planar, which decreases the wind angle of the antenna, in accordance with one of the advantages of rigid radomes.

Dans une réalisation, la surface protectrice est courbée symétriquement par rapport à un axe de symétrie du réflecteur. Dans ce cas, le radôme souple présente un avantage propre à un radôme rigide grâce à son axe de symétrie qui facilite l'assemblage de l'antenne en supprimant la nécessité de prendre en compte l'asymétrie propre au radôme souple d'une antenne tiltée.In one embodiment, the protective surface is curved symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry of the reflector. In this case, the flexible radome has an advantage of a rigid radome thanks to its axis of symmetry which facilitates the assembly of the antenna by eliminating the need to take into account the asymmetry specific to the flexible radome of a tilted antenna .

Selon une réalisation, l'action mécanique est exercée par au moins un des éléments suivants : une tige, un hauban ou un ressort. Une telle diversité d'éléments mécaniques permet d'envisager différentes antennes en fonction des coûts et des agencements adaptés à l'utilisation de l'antenne.According to one embodiment, the mechanical action is exerted by at least one of the following elements: a rod, a stay or a spring. Such a diversity of mechanical elements makes it possible to envisage different antennas according to the costs and arrangements adapted to the use of the antenna.

Dans une réalisation, l'élément déformateur comprend une tige déformable fixée par ses deux extrémités à l'intérieur de l'écran latéral cylindrique, la longueur de la tige étant supérieure au diamètre du cylindre de façon à maintenir cette tige courbée. Cette réalisation permet de déformer le radôme à l'aide d'un élément ayant un coût particulièrement faible.In one embodiment, the deforming element comprises a deformable rod fixed by its two ends inside the cylindrical side screen, the length of the rod being greater than the diameter of the cylinder so as to maintain this curved rod. This embodiment makes it possible to deform the radome with the aid of an element having a particularly low cost.

Selon une réalisation, l'élément déformateur courbe la surface protectrice par un effort de traction sur au moins un point d'ancrage de la surface protectrice. Cette réalisation permet d'obtenir un radôme courbé vers le reflecteur.According to one embodiment, the deforming element curves the protective surface by a traction force on at least one anchoring point of the protective surface. This embodiment makes it possible to obtain a radome curved towards the reflector.

Dans une réalisation, l'élément déformateur courbe la surface protectrice par une action de pression sur au moins un point d'appui de la surface protectrice, permettant d'obtenir ainsi un radôme courbé vers l'extérieur de l'antenne.In one embodiment, the deforming element curves the protective surface by an action of pressure on at least one point of support of the protective surface, thereby obtaining a radome curved outwardly of the antenna.

Selon une réalisation, l'élément déformateur comprend une fixation à un dispositif d'alimentation de l'antenne, cette déposition réduisant les agencements nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre de l'élément déformateur.According to one embodiment, the deforming element comprises an attachment to a device for feeding the antenna, this deposition reducing the arrangements necessary for the implementation of the deforming element.

Dans une réalisation, l'élément déformateur comprend au moins un bras dont une extrémité est fixée à un guide d'onde et l'autre extrémité vient au contact de la surface protectrice, le bras s'étendant de façon colinéaire à un axe de symétrie du réflecteur de façon à limiter la perturbation provoquée par l'élément déformateur.In one embodiment, the deforming element comprises at least one arm, one end of which is fixed to a waveguide and the other end comes into contact with the protective surface, the arm extending collinearly with an axis of symmetry. reflector so as to limit the disturbance caused by the deformer element.

Selon une réalisation, la surface protectrice comprend des parties rigides, ce qui confère au radôme une plus grande résistance tout en permettant sa déformation à l'aide de sa (ou ses) partie(s) souple(s).In one embodiment, the protective surface comprises rigid parts, which gives the radome a greater resistance while allowing its deformation with its (or its) part (s) flexible (s).

Finalement, l'invention concerne également un procédé d'assemblage d'une antenne de radiocommunication comprenant un réflecteur agencé à une première ouverture d'un écran latéral cylindrique, un radôme formé par un matériau souple recouvrant une seconde ouverture de cet écran latèral de façon à présenter une surface protectrice en vis-à-vis du réflecteur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend l'étape d'assembler l'antenne de façon à ce que la surface protectrice soit courbée par l'action mécanique d'un élément déformateur de l'antenne venant au contact avec cette surface protectrice.Finally, the invention also relates to a method of assembling a radiocommunication antenna comprising a reflector arranged at a first opening of a cylindrical side screen, a radome formed by a flexible material covering a second opening of this side screen so as to to have a protective surface vis-à-vis the reflector, characterized in that it comprises the step of assembling the antenna so that the protective surface is curved by the mechanical action of a deforming element of the antenna coming into contact with this protective surface.

Un tel procédé peut s'effectuer de façon rapide et simple compte tenu de la souplesse du radôme et de sa facilité de stockage.Such a method can be carried out quickly and easily considering the flexibility of the radome and its ease of storage.

Dans une réalisation, le procédé comprend en outre l'étape de courber symétriquement la surface protectrice par rapport à un axe de symétrie du réflecteur, ce qui simplifie l'opération d'assemblage qui ne doit pas prendre en compte une orientation spécifique du radôme.In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of symmetrically bending the protective surface with respect to an axis of symmetry of the reflector, which simplifies the assembly operation which must not take into account a specific orientation of the radome.

Selon une réalisation, le procédé comprend en outre l'étape de choisir l'élément déformateur parmi un des éléments suivants : une lige, un hauban ou un ressort, ces éléments étant simples à mettre en oeuvre et de faibles coûts.In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of selecting the deforming element from one of the following elements: a rod, a stay or a spring, these elements being simple to implement and low costs.

Dans une réalisation, le procédé comprend en outre l'étape de fixer une tige déformable à l'intérieur de l'écran latéral, la longueur de la tige étant supérieure ou diamètre de l'écran de façon à maintenir courbée cette tige.In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of securing a deformable rod within the side shield, the length of the rod being greater or the diameter of the screen so as to keep the rod curved.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lumière de la description effectuée ci-dessous, à titre illustratif et non limitatif, de réalisations de cette invention faisant référence aux figures ci-jointes sur lesquelles :

  • les figures 1a, 1b et 1c, déjà décrites, sont des vues en coupe d'antennes munies de radômes selon l'art antérieur,
  • les figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d et 2e sont des vues en coupe d'antennes munies de radômes conformément à l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue de face de la surface protectrice d'un radôme conforme à l'invention, et
  • la figure 4 est une vue détaillée d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge in the light of the description given below, by way of illustration and without limitation, of embodiments of this invention with reference to the attached figures in which:
  • the Figures 1a, 1b and 1c , already described, are sectional views of antennas equipped with radomes according to the prior art,
  • the FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e are sectional views of antennas provided with radomes according to the invention,
  • the figure 3 is a front view of the protective surface of a radome according to the invention, and
  • the figure 4 is a detailed view of an embodiment of the invention.

Sur les figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d et 2e décrites ci-dessous, les éléments de même nature sont identifiés par une même réfèrence.On the FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e described below, elements of the same nature are identified by the same reference.

Sur ces figures est représentée une antenne 20 conforme à l'invention, c'est-à-dire munie d'un réflecteur 22, d'un écran latéral 27 agencé à ce réflecteur 22 et d'un radôme 28 cloisonnant l'espace compris entre le réflecteur 22 et l'écran latéral 27 à l'aide d'une surface protectrice 29 s'étendant en vis-à-vis du réflecteur 22.In these figures is represented an antenna 20 according to the invention, that is to say provided with a reflector 22, a side screen 27 arranged to this reflector 22 and a radome 28 partitioning the space included between the reflector 22 and the side shield 27 by means of a protective surface 29 extending opposite the reflector 22.

A cet effet, le réflecteur 22 est agencé à une première ouverture de l'écran latéral cylindrique 27 tandis que le radôme 28 recouvre la seconde ouverture de cet écran latéral 27, les ouvertures du radôme étant formées dans ces réalisations par les bases circulaires du cylindre formé par l'écran.For this purpose, the reflector 22 is arranged at a first opening of the cylindrical side screen 27 while the radome 28 covers the second opening of this side screen 27, the openings of the radome being formed in these embodiments by the circular bases of the cylinder formed by the screen.

Conformément à l'invention, la surface protectrice 29 comprend un matériau souple et cette surface 29 est maintenue courbe à l'aide d'un élément déformateur exerçant une action sur cette surface protectrice, cet élément déformateur variant en fonction des réalisations de l'invention décrites ci-dessous.According to the invention, the protective surface 29 comprises a flexible material and this surface 29 is kept curved with the aid of a deforming element exerting an action on this protective surface, this deforming element varying according to the embodiments of the invention. described below.

Dans une première réalisation (figure 1a), l'élément déformateur est composé par deux haubans 21h qui sont fixés, par une extrémité, à l'écran latéral 27 et, par leur seconde extrémité, à un point d'accrochage, tel qu'un anneau 23, du radôme 28.In a first realization ( figure 1a ), the deforming element is composed of two 21- h stays which are fixed at one end to the lateral screen 27 and, at their second end, to a hooking point, such as a ring 23, of the radome 28.

Ainsi, les haubans peuvent être tendus de façon à exercer une action mécanique sur l'anneau 23 et par conséquent sur le radôme 28 dont la surface 29 protectrice est plus ou moins courbée en fonction de la tension exercée par haubans 21h.Thus, the stays can be stretched so as to exert a mechanical action on the ring 23 and consequently on the radome 28 whose protective surface 29 is more or less curved depending on the tension exerted by stays 21 h .

Cette réalisation peut présenter de nombreuses variantes en remplaçant les haubans 21h par des tiges ou des ressorts, ainsi qu'en variant la position et le nombre de ces eléments déformateurs qui peuvent être rigides ou semi-rigides.This embodiment can have many variants by replacing the shrouds 21 h with rods or springs, and by varying the position and the number of these deforming elements that can be rigid or semi-rigid.

Selon une outre variante non représentée, les haubans 21h sont remplacés par des éléments rigides de longueur telle qu'ils courbent la surface protectrice 29 vers l'extérieur de l'antenne 20 en exerçant une pression sur cette dernière à l'aide de points d'appui,According to a further variant not shown, the shrouds 21 h are replaced by rigid elements of such length that they bend the protective surface 29 towards the outside of the antenna 20 by exerting pressure on the latter with the aid of dots support,

Il convient de noter que la surface protectrice 29 du radôme peut être entièrement composée d'un matériau souple, c'est-à-dire pouvant se déformer, ou comprendre également des parties rigides associées aux parties souples, le radôme résultant étant néanmoins souple comme montré sur la figure 3.It should be noted that the protective surface 29 of the radome may be entirely composed of a flexible material, that is to say capable of deforming, or also comprise rigid parts associated with the flexible parts, the resulting radome nevertheless being flexible as shown on the figure 3 .

Sur cette figure 3, qui représente la surface protectrice d'un radôme 28 conforme à l'invention vue de face, sont représentées des parties rigides 32 du radôme associées à une partie souple 30 de ce même radôme, cette combinaison de parties rigides 32 avec une partie souple 30 générant un radôme 28 souple, c'est-à-dire déformable, présentant une résistance accrue par rapport à un radôme entièrement souple.On this figure 3 , which represents the protective surface of a radome 28 according to the invention seen from the front, are represented rigid parts 32 of the radome associated with a flexible part 30 of this same radome, this combination of rigid parts 32 with a flexible portion 30 generating a flexible radome 28, that is to say deformable, having increased strength compared to a fully flexible radome.

Une seconde réalisation d'antenne selon l'invention est illustrée à la figure 2b. La surface 29 protectrice du radôme 28 est déformée à l'aide d'une tige 21, logée dons la cavité formée par le réflecteur 22, l'écran 27 et la surface protectrice 29.A second antenna embodiment according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. figure 2b . The protective surface 29 of the radome 28 is deformed by means of a rod 21, housed in the cavity formed by the reflector 22, the screen 27 and the protective surface 29.

A cet effet, la tige 21, est placée perpendiculairement à l'axe 24 de l'antenne 20 en se logeant dans des cavités diamètralement opposées de l'écran 27, Toutefois, la longueur de la tige 21, est supérieure ou diamètre de l'écran afin que cette tige soit maintenue courbée dans cette cavité. Ainsi, la tige est maintenue pliée par la forte contrainte mécanique de compression qu'elle subit.For this purpose, the rod 21 is placed perpendicularly to the axis 24 of the antenna 20 by being housed in diametrically opposite cavities of the screen 27. However, the length of the rod 21 is greater than or greater than the diameter of the rod. screen so that this rod is kept curved in this cavity. Thus, the rod is kept folded by the strong mechanical compressive stress that it undergoes.

Pour cela, les extrémités 25e (figure 4) de la tige 21, peuvent être logées dans des cavités 27c forçant la courbure de la tige 21, comme montré en détail sur la figure 4.For this, the 25th ends ( figure 4 ) of the rod 21, can be housed in cavities 27c forcing the curvature of the rod 21, as shown in detail on the figure 4 .

En fonction des variantes, la tige 21, peut être courbée vers le réflecteur (figure 2b) ou vers la surface protectrice 29 (figure 2c) du radôme 28 tandis que, indépendamment de cette courbure, la surface protectrice peut être reliée à la tige 21, par un (figure 2c) ou plusieurs (figure 2b) points d'accrochages tels que des anneaux 23.Depending on the variants, the rod 21 can be curved towards the reflector ( figure 2b ) or to the protective surface 29 ( Figure 2c ) of the radome 28 while, independently of this curvature, the protective surface can be connected to the rod 21, by one ( Figure 2c ) or many ( figure 2b ) hooks such as rings 23.

Dans une autre réalisation de l'invention, la surface souple 29 est courbée par un élément déformateur agencé au dispositif d'alimentation 26 de l'antenne.In another embodiment of the invention, the flexible surface 29 is curved by a deforming element arranged at the feed device 26 of the antenna.

Plus précisément l'élément déformateur comprend deux bras 21b fixés à une de leur extrémité au guide d'onde 26 qui transmet les ondes électromagnétiques reçues ou transmises par le sous réflecteur de l'antenne 20 et, à leur seconde extrémité, à des points 23 d'attache (figure 2d) ou d'appui (figure 2e) de la surface 29 protectrice.More precisely, the deformer element comprises two arms 21b fixed at one end to the waveguide 26 which transmits the electromagnetic waves received or transmitted by the subreflector of the antenna 20 and, at their second end, to points 23 ( figure 2d ) or support ( figure 2e ) of the protective surface 29.

L'invention permet ainsi de courber aisément la surface 29 protectrice vers le réflecteur 22 (figure 2d) ou vers l'extérieur de cette antenne 20 (figure 2e).The invention thus makes it possible to easily bend the protective surface 29 towards the reflector 22 ( figure 2d ) or out of this antenna 20 ( figure 2e ).

Par ailleurs, indépendamment de la concavité ou de la convexité de la surface de protection 29, il est possible de varier le nombre de points de contact 23 entre l'élément déformateur et la surface protectrice. Ainsi, il est possible de mettre en oeuvre un (figure 2d) ou plusieurs points (figure 2e) d'appui ou d'attacheMoreover, regardless of the concavity or convexity of the protective surface 29, it is possible to vary the number of contact points 23 between the deforming element and the protective surface. Thus, it is possible to implement a ( figure 2d ) or several points ( figure 2e ) of support or attachment

La présente invention est susceptible de nombreuses variantes. Ainsi, les éléments déformateurs peuvent être semi-rigides comme des ressorts. De plus, une même réalisation peut combiner une pluralité d'éléments déformateurs tels qu'une tige 21, et des haubans 21h.The present invention is capable of many variants. Thus, the deforming elements can be semi-rigid as springs. In addition, the same embodiment can combine a plurality of deforming elements such as a rod 21, and 21 h shrouds.

Finalement, il convient de noter que, pour limiter les perturbations engendrées par la présence de l'élément déformateur, ce dernier peut être formé par un matériau relativement transparent vis-à-vis des ondes électromagnétiques transmises par l'antenne, comme de la fibre de verre.Finally, it should be noted that, to limit the disturbances caused by the presence of the deforming element, the latter can be formed by a relatively transparent material vis-à-vis the electromagnetic waves transmitted by the antenna, such as fiber of glass.

A titre d'exemple, un matériau formé par un polyester ayant une densité proche de 680g/m2 présente la souplesse requise pour former des radômes mis en oeuvre dans des antennes conformes à l'invention.By way of example, a material formed by a polyester having a density close to 680 g / m 2 has the flexibility required to form radomes used in antennas according to the invention.

Grâce à un tel matériau, un radôme de même nature - même matériau et même épaisseur - peut être mis en oeuvre avec des antennes fonctionnant selon différentes bandes de fréquences, telles que les bandes de fréquences suivantes, en GHz :
(2.5 - 3.5), (3.4 - 3.6), (3.6 - 4.2), (4.4 - 5.0), (5.25 - 5.85), (5.725 - 5.85), (5.725 - 6.875), (5.925 - 6.425), (5.925 - 6.875), (6.425 - 7.125) (7.125 - 7.75), (7,125 - 8.5), (7.725- 8,275), (7.75- 8.5), (10.3- 10.7), (10.5 - 10.7), (10.7 - 11.7), (12.2-13.25), (12.7 - 13.25), (14,2 - 15.35), (17.7 - 19.7), (21.2 - 23.6), (24.25 - 26.5), (26.3 - 28.5), (27.5 - 29 5), (29,5 - 31.5), (31.0 - 33.4), (37.0 - 39.5), (51,4 - 52,6) et (54,25 - 59.0).With such a material, a radome of the same nature - same material and same thickness - can be implemented with antennas operating in different frequency bands, such as the following frequency bands, in GHz:
(2.5 - 3.5), (3.4 - 3.6), (3.6 - 4.2), (4.4 - 5.0), (5.25 - 5.85), (5.725 - 5.85), (5.725 - 6.875), (5.925 - 6.425), (5.925) - 6.875), (6.425 - 7.125) (7.125 - 7.75), (7.125 - 8.5), (7.725- 8.275), (7.75- 8.5), (10.3-10.7), (10.5-10.7), (10.7-11.7) , (12.2-13.25), (12.7 - 13.25), (14.2 - 15.35), (17.7 - 19.7), (21.2 - 23.6), (24.25 - 26.5), (26.3 - 28.5), (27.5 - 29.5). ), (29.5 - 31.5), (31.0 - 33.4), (37.0 - 39.5), (51.4 - 52.6) and (54.25 - 59.0).

La présente invention est susceptible de nombreuses variantes. De fait, dans les réalisations préférées décrites ci-dessous le radôme souple est courbé symétriquement par rapport à un axe de l'antenne défini comme l'axe de symétrie du réflecteur de cette antenne, cette agencement étant particulièrement simple et rapide à mettre en oeuvreThe present invention is capable of many variants. In fact, in the preferred embodiments described below the flexible radome is curved symmetrically with respect to an axis of the antenna defined as the axis of symmetry of the reflector of this antenna, this arrangement being particularly simple and quick to implement.

Toutefois, l'invention peut être mise en oeuvre en utiisant un dispositif de renvoi d'ondes électromagnétiques permettant d'agencer le radôme souple à un écran latéral cylindrique dont l'axe n'est pas aligne avec l'axe du réflecteur. Dans ce cas, le radôme souple peut être courbé symétriquement par rapport à l'axe du cylindre formé par l'écran de façon à obtenir les avantages précédemment mentionnés, et notamment afin de minimiser le bruit généré par les ondes réfléchies par sa surface protectrice.However, the invention can be implemented using an electromagnetic wave return device for arranging the flexible radome to a cylindrical side screen whose axis is not aligned with the axis of the reflector. In this case, the flexible radome can be bent symmetrically with respect to the axis of the cylinder formed by the screen so as to obtain the advantages mentioned above, and in particular to minimize the noise generated by the waves reflected by its protective surface.

Claims (13)

  1. Radiocommunication antenna (20) comprising a reflector (22) fitted to a first opening of a cylindrical lateral screen (27) and a radome (28) formed by a flexible material covering a second opening of this lateral screen (27) so as to have a protective surface (29) facing the reflector (22), characterized in that the protective surface (29) is curved by the mechanical action of a deformation element (21h, 21t, 21b) of the antenna (20) coming into contact with this protective surface (29).
  2. Radiocommunication antenna (20) according to claim 1, wherein the protective surface (29) is curved symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry (24) of the reflector (22).
  3. Antenna (20) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mechanical action is exerted by at least one of the following elements: a rod (21t), a stay (21h) or a spring.
  4. Antenna (20) according to claim 3, wherein the deformation element comprises a deformable rod (21t) fixed at both ends (25e) to the interior of the cylindrical lateral screen (27), the length of the rod being greater than the diameter of the screen so that the rod (21t) remains curved.
  5. Radiocommunication antenna (20) according to one of the previous claims, wherein the deformation element (21h, 21t, 21b) curves the protective surface by application of a traction force to at least one anchor point (23) on the protective surface (29).
  6. Antenna (20) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the deformation element (21b) curves the protective surface by applying pressure to at least one bearing point (23) can the protective surface (29).
  7. Antenna (20) according to one of the previous claims, wherein the deformation element (21b) comprises a fixing to a feeder device (26) of the antenna.
  8. Antenna (20) according to claim 7, wherein the deformation element (21b) comprises at least one arm, one end whereof is fixed to a waveguide (26) and the other end whereof comes into contact with the protective surface (29), the arm extending collinearly with an axis of symmetry (24) of the reflector (22).
  9. Antenna (20) according to one of the previous claims, wherein the protective surface (29) has rigid portions (32).
  10. Method of assembling a radiocommunication antenna (20) comprising a reflector (22) fitted to a first opening of a cylindrical lateral screen (27) and a radome (28) formed by a flexible material covering a second opening of this lateral screen (27) so as to have a protective surface (29) facing the reflector (22), characterized in that it comprises the step of assembling the antenna so that the protective surface (29) is curved by the mechanical action of a deformation element (21h, 21t, 21b) of the antenna (20) coming into contact with this protective surface (29).
  11. Method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of curving the protective surface (29) symmetrically with respect to an axis (24) of symmetry of the reflector (22).
  12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising the step of choosing the deformation element from one of the following elements: a rod (21t), a stay (21h) or a spring.
  13. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, further comprising the step of fixing a deformable rod (21t) to the interior of the lateral screen (27), the length of the rod being greater than the diameter of the screen so that the rod (21t) remains curved.
EP06124765A 2005-12-06 2006-11-24 Radiocommunication antenna equipped with a radome and method of assembling said radiocommunication antenna equipped with a radome Active EP1796209B1 (en)

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FR0553744A FR2894391B1 (en) 2005-12-06 2005-12-06 RADIO COMMUNICATION ANTENNA WITH RADOME AND METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING SUCH A RADIO RADIO ANTENNA WITH RADOME

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US7656363B2 (en) 2010-02-02
EP1796209A1 (en) 2007-06-13
US20070182659A1 (en) 2007-08-09
CN1979954A (en) 2007-06-13
FR2894391A1 (en) 2007-06-08
FR2894391B1 (en) 2008-01-04
CN1979954B (en) 2010-09-29
ATE555517T1 (en) 2012-05-15

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