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EP1791645B1 - Procede de pulverisation par gaz froid et pistolet pulverisateur a gaz froid caracterises par un temps de sejour prolonge de la poudre dans le jet de gaz - Google Patents

Procede de pulverisation par gaz froid et pistolet pulverisateur a gaz froid caracterises par un temps de sejour prolonge de la poudre dans le jet de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1791645B1
EP1791645B1 EP05785200A EP05785200A EP1791645B1 EP 1791645 B1 EP1791645 B1 EP 1791645B1 EP 05785200 A EP05785200 A EP 05785200A EP 05785200 A EP05785200 A EP 05785200A EP 1791645 B1 EP1791645 B1 EP 1791645B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
particles
gas
cold
powder injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP05785200A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1791645A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Heinrich
Heinrich Kreye
Tobias Schmidt
Thorsten Stoltenhoff
Frank GÄRTNER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP1791645A1 publication Critical patent/EP1791645A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1791645B1 publication Critical patent/EP1791645B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1606—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air
    • B05B7/1613—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/162—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1626—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed at the moment of mixing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cold gas spraying, in which particles are accelerated for producing layers or molds in a gas jet and impinge on a substrate at high speed, with particles of different sizes injected into a hot gas jet having nozzle inlet temperature and in the hot gas jet a temperature below the melting temperature are heated and the particles are accelerated by relaxation in a nozzle, with the gas jet and particles cool again.
  • a cold gas spray gun comprising a nozzle for accelerating gas jet and particles, which is divided into a convergent nozzle portion and a nozzle outlet, which merge at the nozzle neck, and a powder injection tube, which ends in front of the nozzle throat.
  • a gas in a de Laval nozzle is accelerated to supersonic speed.
  • the coating material is injected as a powder before or after the nozzle throat into the gas jet and accelerated towards the substrate to speeds between 200 and 1600 m / s, preferably between 600 and 1200 m / s.
  • the particles which are brought to high speed, form a dense and firmly adhering layer upon impact. In addition, the particles must deform.
  • Heating the gas jet increases the flow velocity of the gas and thus also the particle velocity. The associated heating of the particles favors deformation on impact.
  • the gas temperature is well below the melting temperature of the coating material, so that melting of the particles in the gas jet can not take place.
  • cold gas spraying eliminates the disadvantages associated with melting, such as oxidation and other phase changes.
  • the method of cold gas spraying includes, for example, the EP 484 533 in which the features of the preamble of independent claims 1 and 5 are disclosed.
  • a method with acceleration close to speeds Sound velocity includes, for example, the DE 101 19 288 ,
  • a Laval nozzle is divided into a convergent section, which ends in the nozzle throat, and in a divergent section beginning at the nozzle throat.
  • a nozzle in which gas is accelerated to near the speed of sound, is divided into a convergent section and an adjoining section, the conical or is cylindrical.
  • An advantage for the layer is when the particles are warm (but not fused) upon impact with the substrate, as this aids in plastic deformation. Melting of the particles can change the properties of the coating to their disadvantage.
  • the gas is heated.
  • the device of EP1 200 200 in which air is used as a carrier gas involves heating the gas before it is passed into the spray gun.
  • the injection of the particles normally takes place axially and centrically in the convergent section of the nozzle by means of a powder injection tube.
  • the transfer of heat from the gas to the spray particles thus takes place substantially in the convergent section and in the region of the nozzle throat.
  • the gas jet cools down again due to the gas relaxation and the associated increase in the speed.
  • the particles cool down again. Since the particles are not all the same size but all sizes up to a maximum value which specifies the particle size, the heat absorption of the particles is very different. Small particles heat up much more easily, but also cool down faster, while larger particles heat up less, but also cool down more slowly. For these reasons, the implementation of particle heating has hitherto only been solved unsatisfactorily, especially in coarser particles, significantly more thermal energy can be stored than is the case with the previously customary processes.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a device
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device which improve the heat absorption of the particles and thereby lead to higher particle temperatures upon impact with the substrate and the use of coarser particles improved.
  • the residence time of the particles is increased in the hot gas jet, so that at least 80 weight percent of the particles reach at least one nozzle inlet temperature, which is 0.7 times the nozzle inlet temperature of the gas jet in Kelvin is.
  • the residence time in the hot gas jet is set such that not only the smaller particles which heat up very quickly reach at least 0.7 times the temperature of the gas jet in Kelvin, but also the larger particles which comparatively warm slowly, reach this temperature.
  • the temperature level of the particles as a whole is increased, without, however, risking a melting of the smaller particles. This is achieved by, on the one hand, setting a gas inlet temperature as a function of the particle properties and preferably below the melting temperature of the particles, and, on the other hand, choosing the dwell time so that the larger particles are also heated to the desired temperature level.
  • the particles are significantly warmer on impact than in the previously customary methods.
  • the temperatures at impact are advantageously around 100 to 400 ° C above the usual temperatures. Warmer particles deform better when they hit the workpiece due to their thermal softening than colder particles.
  • In addition to the kinetic energy is now significantly more thermal energy of the particles for layer formation to disposal. Increasing the available energy leads to an improvement in the adhesion of the particles on the ground and the particles with each other. With the same impact velocity of the particles, the strength and the quality of the layer are consequently significantly improved with the method according to the invention.
  • the particles adhere satisfactorily despite the lower kinetic energy, because the particles have additional energy in the form of heat.
  • the use of powders with larger particle diameters which is possible by the inventive method with simultaneous use of size effects (critical speed for the particle adhesion decreases with increasing particle diameter) increases the efficiency of the cold gas spraying, as coarser powders are cheaper than finer. Coarser particles are also better to convey and less prone to caking in the nozzle.
  • the nozzle inlet temperature of the particles is 0.8 times, preferably 0.9 times, the nozzle inlet temperature of the gas jet.
  • the impacting particles are ductilised by the higher impact temperature and deform better.
  • the binding quality is higher, the layer as a whole is denser and residual stresses are reduced.
  • At least 90 weight percent, preferably at least 95 weight percent of the particles reach the nozzle inlet temperature.
  • the more particles that reach a higher temperature the more energy is available on impact. If according to the invention more particles reach a higher temperature, this means that even the larger particles are heated to higher temperatures. Larger particles have a strong influence on the layer properties, so that the layer properties are greatly improved by the heating of the large particles.
  • coarse-grained powders with simultaneous use of size effects (critical speed for the particle adhesion decreases with increasing particle diameter) to spray acceptable layers, especially in the case of The coarser powders in addition to the kinetic energy, the thermal softening is indispensable for layer formation.
  • particles having a particle size of less than 200 .mu.m, preferably less than 100 .mu.m, more preferably less than 50 microns are used.
  • a limitation of the particle size to a minimum size or the determination of a window for the particle size is not necessary because in the method according to the invention occurring in the powder smaller particles receive a maximum nozzle inlet temperature corresponding to the nozzle inlet temperature of the gas.
  • the nozzle inlet temperature of the gas is due to the process below the melting temperature of the spray material.
  • the object is achieved for the device according to the invention in that the powder injection tube ends more than 40 mm in front of the nozzle throat.
  • the device according to the invention leads to a longer residence time of the spray particles in the hot gas jet and thus has all the aforementioned advantages.
  • the powder injection tube ends 40 to 500 mm, preferably 60 to 400 mm, particularly preferably 80 to 250 mm in front of the nozzle throat. At these intervals, the residence time extension for particle heating is sufficiently high and the cold gas spray gun remains easy to operate.
  • a prechamber is arranged in front of the convergent nozzle section, wherein the powder injection tube ends in the prechamber.
  • the not usual ends of the powder injection tube in the prechamber prolongs the residence time of the particles in the hot gas.
  • the convergent nozzle section is between 20 and 100 mm long.
  • the extension of the residence time of the particles in the hot gas by increasing the distance between Pulverinjetechnischsrohrende and nozzle throat is thus carried out by an extension of the prechamber.
  • a pre-chamber extension is easy to carry out in terms of production, in particular since the hitherto customary nozzle nozzles can continue to be used.
  • the powder injection tube ends in the convergent nozzle section.
  • An extension of the convergent section also increases the residence time in the hot gas jet.
  • nozzle outlet is divergent or cylindrical or conically tapered designed Such nozzle geometries are particularly suitable for cold gas spraying.
  • FIG. 5 shows the development of gas and particle temperature from powder injection to the nozzle exit for a powder injection according to the prior art and the powder injection according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 include a nozzle with a convergent nozzle section 1 and a nozzle outlet 2, an antechamber 3 (with the exception of FIG. 3) and a powder injection tube 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows the previously customary injection of the particles into the nozzle.
  • the nozzle is divided into the convergent nozzle section 1, which merges into the nozzle outlet 2 at the nozzle neck.
  • In front of the convergent nozzle section 1 there is an antechamber 3 into which the gas flows before it enters the nozzle.
  • the powder injection pipe 4 extends beyond the prechamber 3 and terminates in the convergent nozzle section 1.
  • the powder injection pipe end is usually located at a distance of 20 to 30 mm in front of the nozzle throat.
  • the prechamber 3 is configured significantly longer than hitherto usual.
  • the powder injection tube 4 ends already far in front of the pre-chamber 3.
  • the distance between Pulverinjetechnischsrohrende and nozzle throat is thus extended compared to the usual embodiments. With advantage it is now - with unchanged nozzle dimensions - at least 40 mm. Possible is a distance of 500 mm and more. Preferably, the distance between 60 mm and 400 mm, more preferably 80 to 250 mm.
  • FIG 3. Another exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG 3.
  • the convergent tapered nozzle portion 1 is extended compared to the usual embodiments.
  • the powder injection tube 4 ends in the front region of the convergent nozzle section 1.
  • a short prechamber is mounted in front of the convergent nozzle section.
  • the distance between powder injection tube end and nozzle throat achieved by the extension of the convergent section advantageously the values mentioned for the previous example.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment.
  • the enlargement of the distance between the powder injection tube end and the nozzle neck is achieved here by an extension of the convergent nozzle section 1 and antechamber 3.
  • the powder injection tube 4 ends in the pre-chamber 3.
  • the aforementioned values are again set up for the distance.
  • the strength of the layer produced increases due to the method according to the invention: when using copper particles of grain size -38 + 10 ⁇ m, the strength of the sprayed copper layer increases from 100 MPa (at 20 mm spacing) to 150 MPa (at 250 mm spacing).
  • FIG. 5 shows the profile of the particle temperature for copper particles with a diameter of 45 ⁇ m.
  • nitrogen was fed into the cold gas spray gun at 30 bar and 600 ° C.
  • the location in m is plotted to the right, the negative values indicating the distances before the nozzle throat and the positive numbers the distances after the nozzle throat in the direction of the nozzle exit.
  • the temperature is given in ° C.
  • the curve C shows the course of the gas temperature:
  • the gas jet passes with a temperature of 580 ° C in the antechamber. In the area of the nozzle neck, the gas begins to cool very quickly due to the relaxation. After the rapid drop, the temperature drop slowly fades.
  • Curve B shows the temperature profile of a particle at an injection 20 mm in front of the nozzle throat.
  • the particle temperature rises up to the nozzle throat to about 230 ° C. After the nozzle throat, the particles cool relatively evenly again and at the nozzle exit, the particle temperature is 180 ° C.
  • the particle injection according to the invention 150 mm before the nozzle throat, the particle temperature rises to the nozzle throat at 480 ° C. After the nozzle throat, the particle temperature drops and at the nozzle outlet it is 340 ° C.
  • the particle temperature at the nozzle outlet increases by 160 ° C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de pulvérisation de gaz froid avec lequel des particules sont accélérées en un jet de gaz pour produire une couche ou un moule et sont projetées à grande vitesse contre un substrat, les particules de différentes tailles étant injectées (4) dans un jet de gaz présentant une température d'entrée de buse chaude et étant réchauffées dans le jet de gaz chaud à une température au-dessus de la température de fusion et les particules étant accélérées par détente dans une buse (1, 2), le jet de gaz et les particules se refroidissant de nouveau, caractérisé en ce que la durée de séjour des particules dans le jet de gaz chaud est augmentée de sorte qu'au moins 80 % en poids des particules atteignent au moins une température d'entrée dans la buse qui est égale à 0,7 fois la température d'entrée dans la buse du jet de gaz en Kelvin.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la température d'entrée dans la buse des particules est égale à 0,8 fois, de préférence à 0,9 fois.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins 90 % en poids, de préférence 95 % en poids des particules atteignent la température d'entrée dans la buse.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les particules utilisées présentent une taille de particule inférieure à 200 µm, de préférence inférieure à 100 µm, plus préférablement inférieure à 50 µm.
  5. Pistolet de pulvérisation de gaz froid comprenant une buse pour accélérer un jet de gaz et des particules, qui se divise en une section de buse (1) arrivante convergente et une sortie de buse (2), qui passent l'une dans l'autre au niveau du col de la buse, et un tube d'injection de poudre (4), qui se termine avant le col de la buse, caractérisé en ce que le tube d'injection de poudre (4) se termine à plus de 40 mm avant le col de la buse.
  6. Pistolet de pulvérisation de gaz froid selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le tube d'injection de poudre se termine de 40 à 500 mm, de préférence de 60 à 400 mm, plus préférablement de 80 à 250 mm avant le col de la buse.
  7. Pistolet de pulvérisation de gaz froid selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce qu'avant la section de buse convergente (1) est disposée une préchambre (3), le tube d'injection de poudre (4) se terminant dans la préchambre (3).
  8. Pistolet de pulvérisation de gaz froid selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la section de buse convergente (1) présente une longueur entre 20 et 100 mm.
  9. Pistolet de pulvérisation de gaz froid selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le tube d'injection de poudre (4) se termine dans la section de buse convergente (1).
  10. Pistolet de pulvérisation de gaz froid selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la sortie de la buse (2) est de forme divergente ou d'arrivée cylindrique ou conique.
EP05785200A 2004-09-24 2005-09-09 Procede de pulverisation par gaz froid et pistolet pulverisateur a gaz froid caracterises par un temps de sejour prolonge de la poudre dans le jet de gaz Expired - Lifetime EP1791645B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004046348 2004-09-24
DE102005004116A DE102005004116A1 (de) 2004-09-24 2005-01-28 Verfahren zum Kaltgasspritzen und Kaltgasspritzpistole
PCT/EP2005/009705 WO2006034778A1 (fr) 2004-09-24 2005-09-09 Procede de pulverisation par gaz froid et pistolet pulverisateur a gaz froid caracterises par un temps de sejour prolonge de la poudre dans le jet de gaz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1791645A1 EP1791645A1 (fr) 2007-06-06
EP1791645B1 true EP1791645B1 (fr) 2007-12-12

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EP05785200A Expired - Lifetime EP1791645B1 (fr) 2004-09-24 2005-09-09 Procede de pulverisation par gaz froid et pistolet pulverisateur a gaz froid caracterises par un temps de sejour prolonge de la poudre dans le jet de gaz

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1791645B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE380599T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102005004116A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2297754T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006034778A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012000816A1 (de) 2012-01-17 2013-07-18 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum thermischen Spritzen
US11662300B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2023-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Apparatus for performing in-situ adhesion test of cold spray deposits and method of employing
US11898986B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2024-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Systems and methods for steam generator tube analysis for detection of tube degradation
US11935662B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Elongate SiC fuel elements

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006014124A1 (de) 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Linde Ag Kaltgasspritzpistole
DE102007001477B3 (de) 2007-01-09 2008-01-31 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kaltgasspritzen von Partikeln unterschiedlicher Festigkeit und/oder Duktilität
DE102007009600A1 (de) 2007-02-26 2008-08-28 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Substratbeschichten durch thermisches oder kinetisches Spritzen
DE102007032022A1 (de) 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Linde Ag Kaltgasspritzdüse
DE102007032021A1 (de) 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Linde Ag Kaltgasspritzdüse
DE102012001361A1 (de) 2012-01-24 2013-07-25 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Kaltgasspritzen

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6502767B2 (en) * 2000-05-03 2003-01-07 Asb Industries Advanced cold spray system
US20020073982A1 (en) * 2000-12-16 2002-06-20 Shaikh Furqan Zafar Gas-dynamic cold spray lining for aluminum engine block cylinders
US6623796B1 (en) * 2002-04-05 2003-09-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of producing a coating using a kinetic spray process with large particles and nozzles for the same
CA2433613A1 (fr) * 2002-08-13 2004-02-13 Russel J. Ruprecht, Jr. Methode de pulverisation de revetements du type mcralx

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012000816A1 (de) 2012-01-17 2013-07-18 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum thermischen Spritzen
EP2617868A1 (fr) 2012-01-17 2013-07-24 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation thermique
US11898986B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2024-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Systems and methods for steam generator tube analysis for detection of tube degradation
US11935662B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Elongate SiC fuel elements
US11662300B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2023-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Apparatus for performing in-situ adhesion test of cold spray deposits and method of employing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE380599T1 (de) 2007-12-15
WO2006034778A1 (fr) 2006-04-06
ES2297754T3 (es) 2008-05-01
EP1791645A1 (fr) 2007-06-06
DE502005002252D1 (de) 2008-01-24
DE102005004116A1 (de) 2006-04-06

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