Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
  • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
  • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
  • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
  • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
  • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
  • H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays

Definitions

• Antenna especially stationary cellphone antenna after the
• Antennas in particular in the form of stationary mobile radio antennas, are well known.
• EP 1 082 781 B1 discloses an antenna array with a plurality of primary radiator modules arranged vertically one above the other, which radiate and receive in one position, for example with a vertical orientation.
• the individual radiator elements can consist of dipole radiators or dipole radiator arrangements.
• antennas are known, in particular in the form of antenna arrays, which can transmit and / or receive in two orthogonally polarization planes.
• Such dual polarized antennas are known for example from DE 198 60 121 AI.
• the two polar poles perpendicular to one another are preferred.
• a so-called X-polarization or alignment of the radiator elements is often spoken of here.
• Dipole radiators for example cruciform dipole radiators or also dipole squares, are preferably used in turn in these antennas or antenna arrays.
• vector dipoles also come into consideration, as are known in principle from DE 198 60 121 AI.
• These dipole structures are a dual-polarized radiator arrangement, which is constructed in electrical terms like a cross dipole • and is more closely approximated to a square structure in terms of construction.
• radiators and radiator arrangements it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved antenna to provide a stationary antenna for a base station for the mobile radio field, in particular in the form, which is provided with 'a means for performing beamforming.
• the far-field diagram can be shaped even with a single radiator, in particular also with only one radiator radiating in one polarization.
• the invention can also examples a dual-polarized antenna or a dual polarized radiator 'advertising used the arrangement.
• the invention is not only limited to a single-band antenna, but can also be implemented and implemented in a dual-band or generally a multi-band antenna.
• the present invention is also characterized in that the desired improvement described can be achieved by comparatively simple and inexpensive measures. Furthermore, the measures which bring about the improvement can be used in a targeted manner and, above all, can be assigned to individual radiators or radiator elements.
• the measures according to the invention can be used and used not only with dual-polarized antennas with dipole radiators, but also, for example, with patch antennas. In principle, there are no restrictions on certain types of emitters.
• the solution according to the invention is distinguished, inter alia, by the fact that a passive electrically conductive element is provided which is at least indirectly galvanically connected or capacitively coupled to the electrically conductive reflector.
• the passive electrically conductive element according to the invention which is additionally provided for at least one radiator or a radiator arrangement, is preferably divided into at least two parts and comprises a support section which preferably extends from the reflector and is electrically connected or capacitively coupled to it, and preferably at least in the process is indirectly mechanically connected to the reflector.
• a so-called active section is then provided on the side of the support section facing away from the base point of the support section (which is in the vicinity of the reflector or the reflector plane), which is preferably arranged in a plane running parallel to the reflector.
• This effective section can, however, be arranged at least in an angular range of less than ⁇ 20 °, preferably less than + 10 'deviating from the orientation of the reflector plane, that is to say run at an angle to the reflect
• this active section has a length of preferably 0.2 ⁇ up to and including 1.0 ⁇ , where ⁇ corresponds to the wavelength in the frequency range or frequency band to be transmitted, preferably the average wavelength of the frequency range to be transmitted.
• the active plane itself can be arranged above or below the radiator plane of the active radiator to be influenced above. There is no restriction here.
• the length of the support section which is greater than the distance between the active section of the passive electrically conductive element and the reflector, should not exceed a maximum value corresponding to twice the aforementioned wavelength.
• the material thickness or the transverse dimensions transverse to the direction of extension of the electrically conductive additionally provided beam shaping element should preferably be less than 0.1 of the operating wavelength, preferably the mean 5 operating wavelength of the element to be influenced.
• passive, electrically conductive coupling elements are galvanically connected to the reflector plate or capacitively coupled to the conductive reflector at their base point. It is
• the aim of the present ' invention is not to ensure a decoupling element for improving the decoupling between two dual-polarized radiation planes, but rather the aim of the present invention, for example even with only one in a single one
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective illustration of an antenna arrangement with a dipole radiator and an element or beam shaping element according to the invention
• FIG. 2 a schematic front view along the arrow representation A in FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a dual-polarized radiator modified from FIGS. 1 and 2 with a corresponding arrangement according to the invention of two elements according to the invention for shaping the beam diagram for each polarization;
• FIG. 4 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 3 with a differently designed dual-polarized radiator arrangement
• FIG. 5 shows a corresponding perspective illustration of a dual-polarized two-band antenna arrangement with the beam shaping device shown in FIG. 4;
• FIG. 6 a schematic top view of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5;
• FIG. 7 a cross-sectional representation transverse to the vertical orientation of the reflector in FIG. 5 through the central radiator element and the beam shaping element according to the invention.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 A first exemplary embodiment of an antenna according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
• the antenna according to FIGS. 1 and 2- comprises a reflector arrangement or a reflector 1 that is conductive.
• a radiator arrangement 5 is preferably provided in the central region, which in the exemplary embodiment shown consists of a single radiator -5a.
• the individual radiator 5a is formed from a dual-polarized dipole radiator which radiates two perpendicular planes (ie transmits or receives).
• the reflector 1 is of essentially flat design, at least in the region of the radiator arrangement 5.
• reflector webs or wall sections 1 ′ projecting transversely to the reflector plane in the beam direction are provided on the longitudinal side regions 3. These do not necessarily have to be arranged at the outer lateral end of the reflector 1, but can also be provided further inside.
• additional webs or external side delimiting sections can be arranged, as can be seen, for example, from the preliminary Publications WO 99/62138 AI of US 5 710 569 A or EP 0 916169 B1 is known.
• the webs 1 'mentioned' can 'be oriented perpendicular to the reflector plane, but also at a different, oblique angle.
• the antenna arrangement explained is generally set up in such a way that the reflector 1 runs lying in a vertical plane and the webs 1 ′ mentioned in the side region also run in the vertical direction.
• the linearly polarized radiator or the linearly polarized radiator arrangement could also be oriented differently, e.g. such that the polarization plane is not in a horizontal plane, but deviates from it in another plane, for example in the vertical direction.
• the radiator arrangement would then be rotated by 90 'with the radiation shaping element to be explained below, so that the dipole radiator then runs parallel to the webs 1' provided on the side.
• the radiator 5 is constructed essentially in a known manner and comprises two dipole halves 15 which are held in the form of a symmetry 17 by means of a dipole support device.
• the radiator arrangement is arranged in a field 19 on the reflector 1, which is at least approximately square in plan view and has a surrounding web or wall 21.
• this beam shaping element 25 is at least approximately divided into two sections, namely a support section 25a and a so-called active section 25b. Nevertheless, it is noted that the support section 25a, which, like the active section 25b, is electrically conductive or is provided with an electrically conductive surface or, in part, with an electrically conductive surface, also contributes to the overall effect
• the support section 25a is preferably arranged directly electrically ⁇ ⁇ galvanically on the reflector 1 and is electrically and preferably mechanically connected to it. However, the connection can also be made capacitively, so that the support section 25a and in particular its base point 25c is capacitively coupled to the reflector 1.
• the mechanical and / or electrical-galvanic or electrically capacitive connection or coupling can, however, also take place indirectly with the reflector 1 by making a corresponding connection via an additional intermediate element or with the base point of the balancing 17.
• a conductive ring structure 29 is provided on the reflector 1 and at the base of the symmetry 17, to which the base section of the support section 25a is mechanically and electrically connected (or in the case of capacitive coupling, capacitively coupled here with the interposition of an insulator or dielectric is).
• This can be seen in particular from the page representation according to FIG. 2.
• the so-called active section 25b which is preferably located in an active plane WE.
• These active level WE is preferably aligned parallel to the plane of the reflector 1, that is at least parallel to that reflector section which is arranged in the region of the emitter or of the radiation 'lerformungsettis.
• the active section 25b or its essential or predominant parts do not necessarily have to be aligned exactly parallel to the relevant reflector section or reflector 1. Deviations from the relevant section of the reflector of preferably less than ⁇ 20 ', in particular less than ⁇ 10 °, still lead to the desired effects.
• the length of the support section from the bottom foot point 25c to the height of the effective plane is longer than the distance between the reflector plane RE and the effective plane WE.
• the supporting portion 25a is to be larger than the distance of the plane of action WE to the reflector plane RE at least in the loading ⁇ rich but here about 25 to influencing radiator assembly or in the region of the beam-shaping element, the length of the carrier should preferably be twice the wavelength (2 ⁇ ) of do not exceed the associated operating center wavelength of the radiator arrangement 5, this wavelength corresponding to the lower or upper end of the frequency band to be taken into account, preferably the wavelength lying in the middle frequency band.
• the length of the effective section 25b in the direction of the effective plane WE should preferably correspond to 0.2 ⁇ up to and including 1,0 1.0 ⁇ , based on the operating wavelength (in particular the mean operating wavelength of a frequency band to be transmitted).
• the active plane itself can be both below, above and at the height of the active radiator element, i.e. the dipole halves 15 are.
• the effective plane (in particular in the area of the effective section 25b) should be at a distance of preferably 0.2 ⁇ up to and including 1.5 ⁇ , where ⁇ again corresponds to the wavelength of the frequency band to be transmitted, preferably the average wavelength of the frequency band to be transmitted ,
• the effective section 25b is arranged copolar, that is to say is oriented in the direction of the polarization plane.
• the active section 25b is preferably not only parallel, but in the polarization plane PE of the radiator arrangement 5 to be influenced thereby.
• the polarization plane PE therefore remains perpendicular to the reflector 1, the dipole halves 15 in this Polarization plane PE lie and in the preferred embodiment the support section 25a and the effective section 25b of the beam shaping elements 25 ultimately come to rest.
• This exemplary embodiment is also again a radiator arrangement 5, which, however, in this exemplary embodiment consists of two individual dipole radiators 5a and 5b, which are designed in the manner of a dipole cross.
• the two dipole radiators oriented perpendicular to one another are preferably rotated at an angle of + 45 ° with respect to the horizontal or vertical plane, so that this radiator arrangement comprises two polarization planes PE which are perpendicular to each other at + 45 ° and - 45 '.
• each dipole half i.e. two beam shaping elements 25 according to the invention are provided for each polarization plane.
• the associated support sections 25a preferably lie in each case in one of the relevant polarization planes of the associated dipole arrangement.
• the active section 25b adjoining the upper end of the respective support section 25a is in each case oriented perpendicular to the polarization plane in which the associated support section 25a is arranged, that is to say is oriented parallel to the polarization plane of the respective other support section 25a.
• the length and size ratios are comparable to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
• the two lateral support sections 25a extend from the reflector plane in the direction of the active plane WE, with the active sections 25b adjoining the upper end of the support section 25a then lying again in a common effective plane WE and, in the exemplary embodiment shown, at a small distance A. to each other.
• the arrangement can also be such that the support section 25a does not necessarily lie in the associated polarization plane PE, but also from its base point and its transition region to the associated active section 25b
• the plane runs out or is arranged at an oblique angle to the polarization plane. Deviations of less than ⁇ 20 °, in particular less than ⁇ 10 °, are possible.
• the active sections 25b each run parallel to an associated polarization plane PE (with a lateral distance to the polarization plane of the associated radiator), with deviations of less than ⁇ 20 ° °, in particular less than ⁇ 10 °, possible with respect to the polarization plane Deviations of the active plane WE or the orientation of the active sections 25b with respect to the reflector plane can also move in the same area, ie this deviation should also be less than ⁇ 20 °, in particular ⁇ 10 °.
• FIG. 4 A different exemplary embodiment is again shown on the basis of FIG. 4, which differs from that according to FIG. 3 in that a square compact radiator is used as the cross-shaped polarized radiator arrangement 5.
• It is a spotlight arrangement as it is known in principle from DE 198 60 121 AI.
• the outer corner points of the conductive structure can be open (as described in DE 198 60 121 AI) or closed by means of an insulator or dielectric or also electrically conductive. Reference is made here to known solutions. In this case too, the polarization planes are oriented at an angle of + 45 ° or - 45 ° to a horizontal or vertical.
• the electrical cross-shaped dipole radiator structure according to FIG. 4- is a radiator arrangement, which is also sometimes referred to as a vector radiator or cross-vector radiator or radiator arrangement.
• a dual-band antenna array in particular for a stationary mobile radio antenna, can comprise a conventional radiator arrangement with radiators 115 for a higher frequency band and radiator arrangements 215 for transmission in a lower frequency band.
• the radiator arrangement 215 for transmission in the lower frequency band consists of two pairs of dipoles 215 ′ and 215 ′′ arranged in parallel to one another, which are arranged in such a way that a dipole square is formed.
• the dipole squares are arranged centrally for transmission in the higher frequency band provided radiators, the dipole radiator elements of which lie on a plane closer to the reflector plane RE than the dipole elements 215 "and 215" of the radiator elements radiating in the higher frequency band.
• the radiator arrangement 215 is provided for transmission and / or reception in the lower frequency band (preferably it can be a frequency band with which, for example, half Frequency is based on the frequency in the higher frequency band. However, a restriction to this is not absolutely necessary). Both the inside radiators 215 and the outside radiators 115 are arranged and aligned in such a way that both types of radiators radiate in two mutually perpendicular polarization planes, which in the exemplary embodiment shown are at an angle of + 45 ° or -45 ° to a horizontal or vertical plane are aligned.
• an additional radiator arrangement 115 is then arranged on the reflector 1 between the centers of the two radiator arrangements between the radiators for the higher frequency band only half as large as for the lower frequency band). If the middle radiator arrangement 115, i.e. Thus, for the radiator arrangement 115 located between two radiator arrangements 215 provided for the low frequency range, if the beam shaping elements 25 are also used, as have been described in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, there is a structure corresponding to the example according to FIG. 5.
• the beam shaping elements 25 with the respective support section 25a and the adjoining active section 25b are shaped in this exemplary embodiment in such a way that the respective support section 25a provides one part of the carrier or the balancing 17 with a corresponding dipole arrangement for those in the lower frequency source band radiating radiator arrangement 115 and the effective section 25b, which then adjoins the support section 25a, corresponds to a respectively associated dipole half 15 'of an adjacent radiator arrangement 215., that is to say is preferably oriented parallel to it.
• the supporting portion 25 'a substantially the same length, the same alignment and' slope to the part of the support section or the balun 17 'and the other' support portion 25 "a parallel offset in a corresponding, in plan view at 90 ° 'lying Alignment and otherwise the same slope and similar or comparable length as the associated part of the support section or the symmetry 17 "of the emitters 215 is arranged and positioned, that is, also at the same distance from the vertical side edge 1 'of the reflector 1 or at the same side distance from a middle and vertical plane perpendicular to the reflector plane etc.
• the active sections 25b are thus arranged in an active plane WE parallel to the reflector, in which the dipole elements 15 'of the dipole emitter 215 provided for the lower frequency band also come to rest.
• the length of the active sections 25b also corresponds approximately to the length of the respective dipole half for the lower frequency band or deviates from it by less than 40%, in particular less than 30%, less than 20% or even less than 10%.
• the arrangement of the active sections in relation to the reflector is comparable to the arrangement of the dipole halves of the neighboring radiators for transmission in the low frequency band.
• the active sections are arranged above the reflector such that, for example, the dipole half 215 "begins and ends approximately at the same distance from the adjacent side boundary in 1 'of the reflector, in which also the correspondingly parallel dipole half 215 "of the radiator element for the higher frequency band also begins or ends.
• the respective second effective section 25b ' which is perpendicular to it, is arranged in a correspondingly more relative position with respect to the transverse direction of the reflector than the parallel dipole half 215' neighboring radiator for the lower frequency band.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
• Details Of Aerials (AREA)
• Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 2004
  • 2004-05-27 DE DE102004025904A patent/DE102004025904B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-08-19 US US10/921,292 patent/US7075498B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-09-07 CN CN200410076812.0A patent/CN1702913B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-05-19 ES ES05745719T patent/ES2300022T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-05-19 AT AT05745719T patent/ATE385348T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-05-19 DE DE502005002729T patent/DE502005002729D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-05-19 EP EP05745719A patent/EP1749331B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-05-19 WO PCT/EP2005/005456 patent/WO2005119835A1/fr not_active Ceased

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