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EP1741931A1 - Lobe type compressor and method of use - Google Patents

Lobe type compressor and method of use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1741931A1
EP1741931A1 EP05014523A EP05014523A EP1741931A1 EP 1741931 A1 EP1741931 A1 EP 1741931A1 EP 05014523 A EP05014523 A EP 05014523A EP 05014523 A EP05014523 A EP 05014523A EP 1741931 A1 EP1741931 A1 EP 1741931A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
temperature
compressor according
rotary piston
piston compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05014523A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1741931B1 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Götzel
Björn IRTEL
Oliver Palm
Olaf Tanner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aerzener Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Original Assignee
Aerzener Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aerzener Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical Aerzener Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority to AT05014523T priority Critical patent/ATE392554T1/en
Priority to DE502005003748T priority patent/DE502005003748D1/en
Priority to EP05014523A priority patent/EP1741931B1/en
Publication of EP1741931A1 publication Critical patent/EP1741931A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1741931B1 publication Critical patent/EP1741931B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/04—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/04—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation
    • F04C29/042—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation by injecting a fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/126—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with radially from the rotor body extending elements, not necessarily co-operating with corresponding recesses in the other rotor, e.g. lobes, Roots type

Definitions

  • the invention further relates to a method for operating such a rotary compressor.
  • the rotors are predominantly equipped with two or three wings or teeth. In special cases, especially in so-called screw compressors, the rotors may also have more than three wings or teeth.
  • the housing used in such rotary compressors is formed predominantly in several parts. It usually consists of a cylinder part surrounding the rotors and this laterally terminating side plates and a housing cover or a wheel housing for the gear arrangement.
  • so-called intermediate plates are provided in the area of the sides of the cylinder part, which can be equipped with so-called steam collecting spaces.
  • the rotors run with each other and against the cylinder part of the housing in normal operation without contact. This is ensured by the lateral arrangement of the gearbox, the gears of which, together with the bearing arrangement for the rotors, are preferably lubricated by means of a so-called “oil sump lubrication” for reasons of simplicity and cost savings.
  • the oil supply of the gears and the bearing is usually effected by a mounted on a shaft so-called “ ⁇ lschleuderusion", which is arranged in the oil chamber and immersed in the oil sump.
  • a very important element of such known rotary compressor is the sealing arrangement which is arranged between the oil chamber and the actual delivery chamber.
  • the sealing arrangement consists of special shaft seals or soft packings (so-called stuffing box packings), which have the task of keeping the pumped medium and in particular steam or condensate away from the oil space. Get that Liquid or vapor into the oil space, so the oil is mixed with liquid or condensed steam, so that the lubricity is at least impaired, but often even largely reduced so that the gears of the gear assembly or bearings of the bearing assembly are not sufficiently lubricated, which is capital Damage to the compressor can result.
  • the sealing arrangement is structurally very complex. For example, one to five shaft seals are used per shaft passage. Between the shaft sealing rings, a grease filling with or without relubricating can be. The grease filling serves to lubricate the contact surfaces between shaft and sealing ring.
  • vapor collecting spaces are arranged between the delivery chamber and the oil chamber in the region of the sealing arrangements. These have the task to collect in the direction of the oil space flowing condensates or vapors and to divert through channels and openings provided before reaching the bearing assembly.
  • the complex design of the sealing arrangements has the disadvantage that they are very expensive and often subject to high wear under the given operating conditions.
  • the sealing arrangements are constantly exposed to condensates and dirt particles from the conveying medium.
  • versions without relubricating and use of shaft seals also occurs after a short period of operation by consumption and washout a lack of fat and consequent increased wear in the field of sealing arrangements.
  • versions with relubrication on the other hand longer life of the sealing arrangements are only possible if for a regular maintenance is provided by the operating staff.
  • so-called soft packs also provides no advantages in most operating conditions, since they have relatively short service lives: Often also the wear of the seals is only noticed when already condensate enters the oil chamber and on the bearing or gear arrangement already Damage has occurred.
  • a further problem is that the replacement of sealing arrangements requires disassembly of the entire compressor even with intact storage and gear arrangements. This leads to a plant downtime over longer periods and is also associated with high costs.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a rotary compressor and a method for its operation, in which a completely new approach is taken to solve the above problems.
  • the invention is based on the idea to keep the oil temperature in any operating condition always above the evaporation or condensation temperature of the fluid at a corresponding pressure in a rotary compressor of the type mentioned.
  • the amount of oil and / or the housing walls forming the oil space can be heated according to the invention directly or indirectly.
  • the medium in this area always remains in the gas phase, whereby the formation of condensate or a transition into the liquid phase is avoided and mixing phenomena between condensate or medium in its liquid phase and oil can no longer occur.
  • the necessary lubricant quality is thus always maintained.
  • the heating of the oil quantity and / or the housing walls forming the oil space can be effected directly or indirectly.
  • an electric heater or heating by means of heat exchangers can also be arranged outside the housing in the region of the oil space.
  • the compaction heat inevitably produced during operation by the compression of the pumped medium is utilized.
  • the compression heat necessary to achieve the desired oil temperature can be adjusted and regulated by injecting suitable quantities of conveying medium in its liquid phase on the suction side of the rotary compressor into the delivery volume flow.
  • suitable quantities of conveying medium in its liquid phase on the suction side of the rotary compressor into the delivery volume flow.
  • "moist air” would therefore be injected with liquid water.
  • the fluid is not contaminated by a foreign substance and at the same time a good cooling effect is achieved by the amount of heat absorbed by the evaporation of the injected liquid.
  • the suction-side injection is dimensioned without taking into account the desired pressure-side process temperature (T3).
  • this temperature (T3) is above the temperature permissible for the downstream process, according to the invention a further controlled injection of the pumped medium in its liquid phase on the pressure side of the compressor can be carried out, whereby the temperature of the pumped medium returns to the desired process temperature (T3). can be lowered.
  • a temperature sensor installed on the pressure side serves as a signal transmitter for the valve of the pressure-side injection of pumped liquid in its liquid phase.
  • the pressure-side injection can then be clocked such that the desired process temperature (T3) adjusts accordingly.
  • the pending compression end temperature (T2) is insufficient, an additional heating of the oil by means of external energy can take place according to the invention.
  • This heating can - as already mentioned above - for example, electrically or via heat exchangers within the oil space or from the outside.
  • This additional heating can also be set or regulated via a suitable electronic control as a function of the oil temperature.
  • the housing is completely isolated with a high temperature resistant material.
  • any suitable material can be used. It is advantageous, however, if a glass fiber fleece is used as insulating material.
  • the rotary compressor 1 is designed as a Roots compressor having two rotors, each with three wings or teeth.
  • the two rotors are mounted in a housing 2 which is insulated with a high temperature resistant material 3, preferably a glass fiber fleece.
  • the electric heaters 46 and 47 are provided, the power supply is indicated by a star.
  • the housing 2 is further equipped with resistance sensors 4 and 5, with which the temperature of the oil in the oil chambers 43 and 42 is monitored.
  • the rotors of the rotary compressor 1 are driven by a shaft 6, which is in communication with a belt drive 7, which is driven by an electric motor 8, whose power supply is also indicated by a star.
  • a conveying medium is the suction side - as indicated by an arrow 9 - fed via an inlet pipe 10 in a conventional manner a delivery chamber of the compressor 1 and ejected from this in a pressure side arranged outlet pipe 11.
  • the outlet pipe 11 opens into a boiler 12, which may be formed in a conventional manner as a muffler and a so-called base support, on the upper side of the rotary compressor 1, optionally with the belt drive 7 and the electric motor 8 may be arranged.
  • an outlet pipe 13 connects, which opens via an axial compensator 14 in a supply pipe 15 which - as indicated by an arrow 16 - supplies the fluid to the respective processing process.
  • the boiler 12 is equipped in a known manner with a condensate outlet 17.
  • the outlet pipe 13 in turn has a connection 18, which leads via a shut-off valve 19 to a pressure measuring device 20.
  • the intake pipe 10 arranged on the inlet side is equipped with a connection 22.
  • the port 22 also has a branch line via a pressure measuring device 23 and a solenoid valve 24, via the medium in its liquid phase, for example in the promotion of water vapor so water can be injected into the inlet pipe 10. As already mentioned, this injection is only about the Controlled discharge temperature.
  • the compression end temperature is detected by a resistance thermometer 21 and has a direct effect on the oil temperature as described.
  • the supply pipe 15 arranged on the outlet side is equipped with a connection 25 for the injection of conveying medium in its liquid phase.
  • the port 25 further has a branch line, a pressure measuring device 26 and a solenoid valve 27, can be injected via the medium in its liquid phase in the feed tube 15. As already mentioned, this injection is controlled only by the process temperature.
  • the rotors of the rotary compressor 1 are mounted in the housing 2 via stub shafts 30, 31, 32 and 33.
  • This storage consists of rolling bearings 34, which are designed differently in a conventional manner depending on the respective load assumptions.
  • the rolling bearings 34 are separated from the conveying chambers of the compressor, which are formed by the inner surfaces of the housing 2 and the outer surfaces of the wings or teeth, by sealing arrangements 35, which are configured in the present case as a simple rectangular labyrinth seals.
  • the stub shaft 33 is extended beyond the housing 2 of the rotary compressor and provided with a pulley, not shown in Figure 2, which in turn is a part of the belt drive 7, which is driven by the electric motor 8.
  • the stub shafts 30 and 32 are also extended beyond the respective associated rolling bearings 34 and carry gears of a gear assembly 36, which ensures a non-contact synchronous operation for the rotors in a conventional manner.
  • the rolling bearings 34 and the sealing arrangements 35 are arranged in so-called side plates 37 and 38 of the housing, which terminate a cylindrical central portion 39 of the housing 2 at both end faces.
  • a wheel housing 40 and a housing cover 41 which shield the sealing assemblies 35 and the bearings 34 to the outside and each form an oil chamber 42, 43, in a predetermined amount of oil for lubrication of the gear assembly 36 and the rolling bearing 34 is arranged.
  • the lubrication takes place in a known manner via so-called ⁇ lschleuderinnaten 44 and 45, which are fixed in the region of the ends of the stub shaft 32 and 31 and immersed in the oil sump of the oil space 42 and 43 arranged amount of oil.
  • the amount of oil including the housing walls forming the oil space is heated.
  • the necessary for the heating of the oil and the oil chamber housing walls necessary energy can be obtained at least in stationary operation from the inevitably resulting compression heat on the pressure side of the rotary compressor.
  • the heat of compression must be conducted into the region of the oil space, which is accomplished predominantly via the housing 2 of the rotary compressor.
  • the temperature control takes place here by means of the injection of suitable amounts of the liquid phase of the pumped medium via the connection 22 on the suction side of the compressor.
  • the injection is controlled by means of a suitable electronic control which detects the compression end temperature with the aid of the resistance thermometer 21 and actuates an electromagnetically actuated valve 24. If this adjusting, detected by means of the temperature sensor 28 Process temperature is above the desired values, then takes place on the pressure side of the compressor, a further injection of fluid in its liquid phase via the port 25 and the solenoid valve 27th
  • This additional heating takes place in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 2 by two electric heating rods 46 and 47.
  • the heating element 46 is arranged in the region of the oil chamber 42 of the gear arrangement 36 and the heating element 47 in the region of the oil chamber 43 on the opposite side of the housing 2.
  • the housing of the rotary compressor including the housing cover 40 and 41 is completely surrounded by high temperature resistant insulating material 3, which completely isolates the rotary compressor 1 from the environment and thus reduces heat loss to the ambient air.
  • the heating makes it possible for the temperature of the oil quantity present in the oil chambers 42 and 43, including the temperature of the housing walls forming the oil chamber, to be kept above the evaporation or condensation temperature of the pumped medium, so that condensate formation is prevented.
  • Conveying medium which passes through the sealing arrangements 35 in the region of the rolling bearings 34 and / or in the region of the gear arrangement 36 can thus not condense. The occurring in known rotary compressor designs in this area condensation is thus prevented and thus can not mix in the oil chambers 42 and 43 with the amount of oil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)

Abstract

The compressor has two rotors each with two blades or teeth, a housing (2) round the rotors, forming feed chambers with the blades, a bearing device for the rotors separated from the chambers by a sealing device, a transmission device to hold the rotors in operation, and an oil cavity containing at least part of the transmission device.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Drehkolbenverdichter zum Fördern von Medien, welche kondensierende Dämpfe bzw. Dampf-Gas-Gemische enthalten, mit

  • zwei Rotoren mit jeweils mindestens zwei Flügeln oder Zähnen,
  • einem die Rotoren umgebenden Gehäuse, welches mit seinen Innenflächen und den Außenflächen der Flügel oder Zähne Förderkammern für das Fördermedium bildet,
  • einer im Gehäuse angeordneten Lageranordnung für die Rotoren, die gegenüber den Förderkammern über eine Dichtanordnung abgetrennt ist,
  • einer Getriebeanordnung zum Berührungsloshalten der Rotoren im Betrieb,
  • sowie einem Ölraum zur Aufnahme zumindest eines Teils der Getriebeanordnung und einer zu deren Schmierung und der Schmierung der Lager vorgesehenen Ölmenge.
The present invention relates to a rotary compressor for conveying media containing condensing vapors or vapor-gas mixtures, with
  • two rotors each having at least two wings or teeth,
  • a housing surrounding the rotors, which forms conveying chambers for the conveying medium with its inner surfaces and the outer surfaces of the vanes or teeth,
  • a bearing arrangement in the housing for the rotors, which is separated from the delivery chambers via a sealing arrangement,
  • a gear arrangement for keeping the rotors in contact during operation,
  • and an oil space for accommodating at least a portion of the gear assembly and an amount of oil provided for lubrication and lubrication of the bearings.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines derartigen Drehkolbenverdichters.The invention further relates to a method for operating such a rotary compressor.

Zum Fördern von Medien, welche kondensierende Dämpfe bzw. Dampf-Gas-Gemische enthalten, werden nach dem Roots-Prinzip konzipierte oder als Schraubenverdichter mit sogenannter "innerer Verdichtung" arbeitende Drehkolbenverdichter eingesetzt. Derartige Verdichter sind seit langem bekannt und beispielsweise in DE 34 14 064 C2 oder DE 34 14 039 C2 offenbart.For conveying media containing condensing vapors or vapor-gas mixtures, are designed according to the Roots principle or as a screw compressor with so-called "internal compression" working rotary compressor used. Such compressors have long been known and, for example, in DE 34 14 064 C2 or DE 34 14 039 C2 disclosed.

Die Rotoren sind dabei überwiegend mit zwei oder drei Flügeln oder Zähnen ausgestattet. In Sonderfällen, insbesondere bei sogenannten Schraubenverdichtern, können die Rotoren auch mehr als drei Flügel oder Zähne aufweisen.The rotors are predominantly equipped with two or three wings or teeth. In special cases, especially in so-called screw compressors, the rotors may also have more than three wings or teeth.

Das bei derartigen Drehkolbenverdichtern eingesetzte Gehäuse wird überwiegend mehrteilig ausgebildet. Es besteht in der Regel aus einem die Rotoren umgebenden Zylinderteil und dieses seitlich abschließenden Seitenplatten und einem Gehäusedeckel bzw. einem Radkasten für die Getriebeanordnung.The housing used in such rotary compressors is formed predominantly in several parts. It usually consists of a cylinder part surrounding the rotors and this laterally terminating side plates and a housing cover or a wheel housing for the gear arrangement.

In vielen Fällen sind auch im Bereich der Seiten des Zylinderteiles sogenannte Zwischenplatten vorgesehen, die mit sogenannten Dampfsammelräumen ausgestattet sein können.In many cases, so-called intermediate plates are provided in the area of the sides of the cylinder part, which can be equipped with so-called steam collecting spaces.

Die Rotoren laufen untereinander und gegenüber dem Zylinderteil des Gehäuses im Normalbetrieb berührungslos. Dies wird durch die seitliche Anordnung des Getriebes sichergestellt, dessen Zahnräder zusammen mit der Lageranordnung für die Rotoren aus Gründen der Einfachheit und Kostenersparnis vorzugsweise mittels einer sogenannten "Ölsumpfschmierung" geschmiert werden. Die Ölversorgung der Zahnräder und der Lager wird dabei meist durch eine auf einer Welle montierte sogenannte "Ölschleuderscheibe" bewirkt, die im Ölraum angeordnet ist und in den Ölsumpf eintaucht.The rotors run with each other and against the cylinder part of the housing in normal operation without contact. This is ensured by the lateral arrangement of the gearbox, the gears of which, together with the bearing arrangement for the rotors, are preferably lubricated by means of a so-called "oil sump lubrication" for reasons of simplicity and cost savings. The oil supply of the gears and the bearing is usually effected by a mounted on a shaft so-called "Ölschleuderscheibe", which is arranged in the oil chamber and immersed in the oil sump.

Ein sehr wesentliches Element derartiger bekannter Drehkolbenverdichter ist die Dichtanordnung, die zwischen dem Ölraum und der eigentlichen Förderkammer angeordnet ist. Die Dichtanordnung besteht aus speziellen Wellendichtringen oder Weichpackungen (sog. Stopfbuchsenpackungen), welche die Aufgabe haben, das Fördermedium und insbesondere Dampf bzw. Kondensat aus dem Ölraum fern zu halten. Gelangt nämlich Flüssigkeit oder Dampf in den Ölraum, so wird das Öl mit Flüssigkeit oder kondensiertem Dampf vermischt, so dass die Schmierfähigkeit zumindest beeinträchtigt, häufig aber sogar derart weitgehend reduziert wird, dass die Zahnräder der Getriebeanordnung oder die Lager der Lageranordnung nicht ausreichend geschmiert werden, woraus kapitale Schäden am Verdichter resultieren können.A very important element of such known rotary compressor is the sealing arrangement which is arranged between the oil chamber and the actual delivery chamber. The sealing arrangement consists of special shaft seals or soft packings (so-called stuffing box packings), which have the task of keeping the pumped medium and in particular steam or condensate away from the oil space. Get that Liquid or vapor into the oil space, so the oil is mixed with liquid or condensed steam, so that the lubricity is at least impaired, but often even largely reduced so that the gears of the gear assembly or bearings of the bearing assembly are not sufficiently lubricated, which is capital Damage to the compressor can result.

Um Probleme in dieser Richtung zu vermeiden, wird die Dichtanordnung konstruktiv sehr aufwändig ausgebildet. So werden beispielsweise pro Wellendurchtritt ein bis fünf Wellendichtringe eingesetzt. Zwischen den Wellendichtringen kann sich eine Fettfüllung mit oder ohne Nachschmiereinrichtung befinden. Die Fettfüllung dient dabei zur Schmierung der Kontaktflächen zwischen Welle und Dichtring.To avoid problems in this direction, the sealing arrangement is structurally very complex. For example, one to five shaft seals are used per shaft passage. Between the shaft sealing rings, a grease filling with or without relubricating can be. The grease filling serves to lubricate the contact surfaces between shaft and sealing ring.

Häufig werden zwischen der Förderkammer und dem Ölraum im Bereich der Dichtanordnungen auch sogenannte Dampfsammelräume angeordnet. Diese haben die Aufgabe, in Richtung des Ölraumes strömende Kondensate oder Dämpfe zu sammeln und durch dafür vorgesehene Kanäle und Öffnungen vor dem Erreichen der Lageranordnung abzuleiten.Frequently, so-called vapor collecting spaces are arranged between the delivery chamber and the oil chamber in the region of the sealing arrangements. These have the task to collect in the direction of the oil space flowing condensates or vapors and to divert through channels and openings provided before reaching the bearing assembly.

Die aufwändige Ausbildung der Dichtanordnungen hat den Nachteil, dass diese sehr teuer sind und unter den gegebenen Betriebsbedingungen häufig auch einem hohen Verschleiß unterliegen. So werden die Dichtanordnungen neben hohen Temperaturen ständig Kondensaten sowie Schmutzpartikeln aus dem Fördermedium ausgesetzt. Bei Ausführungen ohne Nachschmiereinrichtung und Verwendung von Wellendichtringen tritt zudem nach kurzer Betriebszeit durch Verbrauch und Auswaschvorgänge ein Fettmangel und daraus resultierend ein erhöhter Verschleiß im Bereich der Dichtanordnungen auf. Bei Ausführungen mit Nachschmiereinrichtung dagegen sind längere Standzeiten der Dichtanordnungen nur möglich, wenn für eine regelmäßige Wartung durch das Bedienungspersonal Sorge getragen wird.The complex design of the sealing arrangements has the disadvantage that they are very expensive and often subject to high wear under the given operating conditions. Thus, in addition to high temperatures, the sealing arrangements are constantly exposed to condensates and dirt particles from the conveying medium. In versions without relubricating and use of shaft seals also occurs after a short period of operation by consumption and washout a lack of fat and consequent increased wear in the field of sealing arrangements. In versions with relubrication on the other hand longer life of the sealing arrangements are only possible if for a regular maintenance is provided by the operating staff.

Die Verwendung von sogenannten Weichpackungen erbringt bei den meisten Betriebsbedingungen ebenfalls keine Vorteile, da diese nur relativ kurze Standzeiten besitzen: Häufig wird zudem der Verschleiß der Dichtungen erst dann bemerkt, wenn bereits Kondensat in den Ölraum gelangt und an der Lager- bzw. Getriebeanordnung bereits ein Schaden entstanden ist.The use of so-called soft packs also provides no advantages in most operating conditions, since they have relatively short service lives: Often also the wear of the seals is only noticed when already condensate enters the oil chamber and on the bearing or gear arrangement already Damage has occurred.

Problematisch ist ferner, dass der Austausch von Dichtanordnungen auch bei noch intakten Lager- und Getriebeanordnungen eine Demontage des gesamten Verdichters erfordert. Dies führt über längere Zeiträume zu einem Anlagenstillstand und ist zudem mit hohen Kosten verbunden.A further problem is that the replacement of sealing arrangements requires disassembly of the entire compressor even with intact storage and gear arrangements. This leads to a plant downtime over longer periods and is also associated with high costs.

Die Anordnung konstruktiv aufwändiger Dichtanordnungen erfordert auch am Gehäuse und an den Rotoren einen nicht unerheblichen zusätzlichen Aufwand und bereitet zusätzliche Probleme. So wird durch konstruktive aufwändige Dichtanordnungen zwangsläufig der Abstand zwischen der Stirnfläche des Förderraumes und der Lageranordnung vergrößert. Dies wiederum führt zu einer Vergrößerung der Länge der Wellen und damit der axialen Baulänge des Verdichters. Als Folge davon muss eine größere Kolbendurchbiegung sowie eine erhöhte Neigung zur Schwingungsanregung in Kauf genommen werden. Dies führt in manchen Fällen zur Reduzierung der zulässigen Wellendrehzahl und der maximalen Druckbelastung der Rotoren.The arrangement of structurally complex sealing arrangements also requires a considerable additional effort on the housing and on the rotors and causes additional problems. Thus, the distance between the end face of the delivery chamber and the bearing assembly is inevitably increased by constructive complex sealing arrangements. This in turn leads to an increase in the length of the waves and thus the axial length of the compressor. As a result, a greater piston deflection and an increased tendency to vibrational excitation must be accepted. In some cases this leads to a reduction in the permissible shaft speed and the maximum pressure load of the rotors.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Drehkolbenverdichter sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb zu schaffen, bei dem zur Lösung der oben geschilderten Probleme ein vollkommen neuer Weg beschritten wird.Object of the present invention is to provide a rotary compressor and a method for its operation, in which a completely new approach is taken to solve the above problems.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Drehkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Drehkolbenverdichters nach Anspruch 12 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den anhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a rotary compressor according to claim 1 and by a method for operating a rotary compressor according to claim 12. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the appended claims.

Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, bei einem Drehkolbenverdichter der eingangs genannten Art die Öltemperatur in jedem Betriebszustand stets oberhalb der Verdampfungs- bzw. Kondensationstemperatur des Fördermediums bei entsprechendem Druck zu halten. Zu diesem Zweck sind die Ölmenge und/oder die den Ölraum bildenden Gehäusewände erfindungsgemäß direkt oder indirekt beheizbar.The invention is based on the idea to keep the oil temperature in any operating condition always above the evaporation or condensation temperature of the fluid at a corresponding pressure in a rotary compressor of the type mentioned. For this purpose, the amount of oil and / or the housing walls forming the oil space can be heated according to the invention directly or indirectly.

Dadurch verbleibt das Fördermedium in diesem Bereich stets in der Gasphase, wodurch das Entstehen von Kondensat oder ein Übergang in die flüssige Phase vermieden wird und Vermischungserscheinungen zwischen Kondensat bzw. Fördermedium in seiner flüssigen Phase und Öl nicht mehr auftreten können. Die notwendige Schmierstoffqualität bleibt somit stets erhalten.As a result, the medium in this area always remains in the gas phase, whereby the formation of condensate or a transition into the liquid phase is avoided and mixing phenomena between condensate or medium in its liquid phase and oil can no longer occur. The necessary lubricant quality is thus always maintained.

Da durch die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme Kondensat bzw. Fördermedium in seiner flüssigen Phase im sensiblen Bereich des Drehkolbenverdichters gar nicht mehr entstehen kann, können die teuren und verschleißanfälligen Wellendichtringe bzw. Weichpackungen durch einfache, relativ kurz bauende Dichtanordnungen, wie beispielsweise Rechtecklabyrinthabdichtungen (beispielsweise gemäß DIN 34110) ersetzt werden. Diese Dichtanordnungen sind kostengünstig herzustellen und ermöglichen aufgrund ihrer kurzen Baulänge auch eine Reduzierung der Länge der Wellen der Rotoren sowie eine Reduzierung des Abstandes der Lageranordnungen. Daraus wiederum ergibt sich eine geringere Kolbendurchbiegung sowie eine Reduzierung der Neigung zur Schwingungsanregung im Betrieb.Since the inventive measure condensate or liquid medium in its liquid phase in the sensitive area of the rotary compressor can no longer arise, the expensive and wear-prone shaft seals or soft packs by simple, relatively short-built sealing arrangements, such as rectangular labyrinth seals (for example, according to DIN 34110) be replaced. These sealing arrangements are inexpensive to produce and, due to their short overall length, also enable a reduction in the length of the shafts of the rotors and a reduction in the spacing of the bearing arrangements. This in turn results in a lower piston deflection and a reduction in the tendency to vibrational excitation during operation.

Derartige einfache, relativ kurz bauende Dichtanordnungen werden im übrigen seit Jahrzehnten bei der Förderung von Luft und neutralen Gasen eingesetzt und stellen deshalb bewährte Konstruktionen dar, die über eine lange Betriebsdauer verfügen.Such simple, relatively short-built sealing arrangements are used, moreover, for decades in the promotion of air and neutral gases and therefore represent proven designs that have a long service life.

Erfindungsgemäß kann die Beheizung der Ölmenge und/oder der den Ölraum bildenden Gehäusewände direkt oder indirekt erfolgen.According to the invention, the heating of the oil quantity and / or the housing walls forming the oil space can be effected directly or indirectly.

So kann beispielsweise innerhalb des Ölraumes eine elektrische Heizung oder auch eine Beheizung mittels Wärmetauscher vorgesehen werden. Eine derartige Beheizung kann auch außen am Gehäuse im Bereich des Ölraums angeordnet werden.Thus, for example, be provided within the oil chamber, an electric heater or heating by means of heat exchangers. Such heating can also be arranged outside the housing in the region of the oil space.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Beheizung wird jedoch die beim Betrieb durch die Verdichtung des Fördermediums zwangsläufig entstehende Verdichtungswärme ausgenutzt.In a preferred embodiment of the heating, however, the compaction heat inevitably produced during operation by the compression of the pumped medium is utilized.

Die Praxis zeigt, dass die normalerweise druckseitig vorliegende Verdichtungsendtemperatur (T2) deutlich über der erfindungsgemäß benötigten Öltemperatur liegt. Versuche haben ferner gezeigt, dass sich die entstehende Verdichtungswärme schon allein über die Gehäuseteile auf das Öl überträgt, so dass zusätzliche Vorkehrungen zur Wärmeübertragung im Rahmen der Erfindung nicht unbedingt erforderlich sind.Practice shows that the compression end temperature (T2) normally present on the pressure side is significantly above the oil temperature required according to the invention. Experiments have also shown that the resulting heat of compression transfers already on the housing parts on the oil, so that additional provisions for heat transfer in the invention are not necessarily required.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die zur Erreichung der gewünschten Öltemperatur notwendige Verdichtungswärme durch Einspritzen geeigneter Mengen an Fördermedium in seiner flüssigen Phase auf der Saugseite des Drehkolbenverdichters in den Fördervolumenstrom eingestellt und geregelt werden. Beispielsweise bei der Förderung von Wasserdampf oder auch bei der Förderung des Gas-Wasserdampf-Gemisches "feuchte Luft" würde also flüssiges Wasser eingespritzt werden. Hierdurch wird das Fördermedium nicht durch einen fremden Stoff verunreinigt und gleichzeitig wird durch die von der Verdampfung der eingespritzten Flüssigkeit aufgenommene Wärmemenge eine gute Kühlwirkung erzielt. Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik wird hierbei die saugseitige Einspritzung ohne Berücksichtigung der gewünschten druckseitigen Prozesstemperatur (T3) bemessen. Sofern diese Temperatur (T3) jedoch oberhalb der für den nachgeschalteten Prozess zulässigen Temperatur liegt, kann erfindungsgemäß eine weitere geregelte Einspritzung des Fördermediums in seiner flüssigen Phase auf der Druckseite des Verdichters vorgenommen werden, wodurch die Temperatur des Fördermediums wieder auf die gewünschte Prozesstemperatur (T3) abgesenkt werden kann.According to an advantageous development of the invention, the compression heat necessary to achieve the desired oil temperature can be adjusted and regulated by injecting suitable quantities of conveying medium in its liquid phase on the suction side of the rotary compressor into the delivery volume flow. For example, in the promotion of water vapor or in the promotion of the gas-steam mixture "moist air" would therefore be injected with liquid water. As a result, the fluid is not contaminated by a foreign substance and at the same time a good cooling effect is achieved by the amount of heat absorbed by the evaporation of the injected liquid. In contrast to the prior art, in this case the suction-side injection is dimensioned without taking into account the desired pressure-side process temperature (T3). If, however, this temperature (T3) is above the temperature permissible for the downstream process, according to the invention a further controlled injection of the pumped medium in its liquid phase on the pressure side of the compressor can be carried out, whereby the temperature of the pumped medium returns to the desired process temperature (T3). can be lowered.

In diesem Fall dient ein auf der Druckseite installierter Temperaturgeber als Signalgeber für das Ventil der druckseitigen Einspritzung von Fördermedium in seiner flüssigen Phase. Durch eine geeignete elektronische Steuerung kann dann die druckseitige Einspritzung derart getaktet werden, dass sich die gewünschte Prozesstemperatur (T3) entsprechend einstellt.In this case, a temperature sensor installed on the pressure side serves as a signal transmitter for the valve of the pressure-side injection of pumped liquid in its liquid phase. By means of a suitable electronic control, the pressure-side injection can then be clocked such that the desired process temperature (T3) adjusts accordingly.

Ist zum Beispiel beim Anfahren oder während des stationären Betriebs des Drehkolbenverdichters die anstehende Verdichtungsendtemperatur (T2) nicht ausreichend, so kann erfindungsgemäß eine zusätzliche Beheizung des Öls mittels Fremdenergie erfolgen. Diese Beheizung kann - wie oben bereits erwähnt - beispielsweise elektrisch oder auch über Wärmetauscher innerhalb des Ölraumes oder von außen erfolgen. Auch diese zusätzliche Beheizung kann über eine geeignete elektronische Steuerung in Abhängigkeit der Öltemperatur eingestellt bzw. geregelt werden.If, for example, during start-up or during stationary operation of the rotary compressor, the pending compression end temperature (T2) is insufficient, an additional heating of the oil by means of external energy can take place according to the invention. This heating can - as already mentioned above - for example, electrically or via heat exchangers within the oil space or from the outside. This additional heating can also be set or regulated via a suitable electronic control as a function of the oil temperature.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung wird erfindungsgemäß das Gehäuse vollständig mit einem hoch temperaturbeständigen Material isoliert.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the housing is completely isolated with a high temperature resistant material.

Als Isoliermaterial kann jedes geeignete Material eingesetzt werden. Vorteilhaft ist es jedoch, wenn ein Glasfaservlies als Isoliermaterial eingesetzt wird.As insulating material, any suitable material can be used. It is advantageous, however, if a glass fiber fleece is used as insulating material.

Im Folgenden ist zur weiteren Erläuterung und zum besseren Verständnis ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Drehkolbenverdichters unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher beschrieben und erläutert.

Fig. 1
zeigt in einer stark vereinfachten schematischen Darstellung einen erfindungsgemäßen Drehkolbenverdichter mit den wichtigsten Elementen seines Umfeldes in einer Gesamtanordnung, und
Fig. 2
zeigt schematisch in einer Schnittdarstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Drehkolbenverdichters, wie er in der Gesamtanordnung gemäß Figur 1 eingesetzt sein kann.
In the following, an exemplary embodiment of a rotary compressor designed according to the invention is described and explained in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings for further explanation and for better understanding.
Fig. 1
shows in a highly simplified schematic representation of a rotary piston compressor according to the invention with the most important elements of its environment in an overall arrangement, and
Fig. 2
shows schematically in a sectional view an embodiment of a rotary piston compressor according to the invention, as it may be used in the overall arrangement according to FIG.

Wie sich aus der schematischen Darstellung der Gesamtanordnung ergibt, ist der Drehkolbenverdichter 1 als Roots-Verdichter ausgestaltet, der zwei Rotoren mit jeweils drei Flügeln oder Zähnen aufweist.As is apparent from the schematic representation of the overall arrangement, the rotary compressor 1 is designed as a Roots compressor having two rotors, each with three wings or teeth.

Die beiden Rotoren sind in einem Gehäuse 2 gelagert, das mit einem hochtemperaturbeständigen Material 3, vorzugsweise einem Glasfaservlies, isoliert ist.The two rotors are mounted in a housing 2 which is insulated with a high temperature resistant material 3, preferably a glass fiber fleece.

Innerhalb der Ölräume 42 und 43 sind die elektrischen Heizungen 46 und 47 vorgesehen, deren Stromversorgung mit einem Stern angedeutet ist.Within the oil chambers 42 and 43, the electric heaters 46 and 47 are provided, the power supply is indicated by a star.

Das Gehäuse 2 ist ferner mit Widerstandstermometern 4 und 5 ausgestattet, mit denen die Temperatur des Öles in den Ölräumen 43 und 42 überwacht wird.The housing 2 is further equipped with resistance sensors 4 and 5, with which the temperature of the oil in the oil chambers 43 and 42 is monitored.

Die Rotoren des Drehkolbenverdichters 1 werden über eine Welle 6 angetrieben, die mit einem Riementrieb 7 in Verbindung steht, welcher von einem Elektromotor 8 angetrieben wird, dessen Stromversorgung ebenfalls durch einen Stern angedeutet ist.The rotors of the rotary compressor 1 are driven by a shaft 6, which is in communication with a belt drive 7, which is driven by an electric motor 8, whose power supply is also indicated by a star.

Ein Fördermedium wird saugseitig - wie durch einen Pfeil 9 angedeutet - über ein Einlassrohr 10 in an sich bekannter Weise einer Förderkammer des Verdichters 1 zugeführt und von dieser in ein druckseitig angeordnetes Auslassrohr 11 ausgestoßen. Das Auslassrohr 11 mündet in einen Kessel 12, der in an sich bekannter Weise als Schalldämpfer und als sogenannter Grundträger ausgebildet sein kann, auf dessen Oberseite der Drehkolbenverdichter 1, gegebenenfalls mit dem Riementrieb 7 und dem Elektromotor 8 angeordnet sein kann.A conveying medium is the suction side - as indicated by an arrow 9 - fed via an inlet pipe 10 in a conventional manner a delivery chamber of the compressor 1 and ejected from this in a pressure side arranged outlet pipe 11. The outlet pipe 11 opens into a boiler 12, which may be formed in a conventional manner as a muffler and a so-called base support, on the upper side of the rotary compressor 1, optionally with the belt drive 7 and the electric motor 8 may be arranged.

An den Kessel 12 schließt ein Auslassrohr 13 an, das über einen Axialkompensator 14 in ein Zufuhrrohr 15 mündet, das - wie mit einem Pfeil 16 angedeutet - das Fördermedium dem jeweiligen Verarbeitungsprozess zuführt.To the boiler 12, an outlet pipe 13 connects, which opens via an axial compensator 14 in a supply pipe 15 which - as indicated by an arrow 16 - supplies the fluid to the respective processing process.

Der Kessel 12 ist in bekannter Weise mit einem Kondensatauslass 17 ausgestattet. Das Auslassrohr 13 wiederum besitzt einen Anschluss 18, der über ein Absperrventil 19 zu einer Druckmesseinrichtung 20 führt.The boiler 12 is equipped in a known manner with a condensate outlet 17. The outlet pipe 13 in turn has a connection 18, which leads via a shut-off valve 19 to a pressure measuring device 20.

Das einlassseitig angeordnete Einlassrohr 10 ist mit einem Anschluss 22 ausgestattet. Der Anschluss 22 besitzt ferner über eine Zweigleitung eine Druckmesseinrichtung 23 sowie ein Magnetventil 24, über das Fördermedium in seiner flüssigen Phase, beispielsweise bei der Förderung von Wasserdampf also Wasser, in das Einlassrohr 10 eingespritzt werden kann. Wie bereits erwähnt, wird diese Einspritzung nur über die Verdichtungsendtemperatur geregelt. Die Verdichtungsendtemperatur wird über ein Widerstandsthermometer 21 erfasst und wirkt sich wie beschrieben direkt auf die Öltemperatur aus.The intake pipe 10 arranged on the inlet side is equipped with a connection 22. The port 22 also has a branch line via a pressure measuring device 23 and a solenoid valve 24, via the medium in its liquid phase, for example in the promotion of water vapor so water can be injected into the inlet pipe 10. As already mentioned, this injection is only about the Controlled discharge temperature. The compression end temperature is detected by a resistance thermometer 21 and has a direct effect on the oil temperature as described.

Das auslassseitig angeordnete Zufuhrrohr 15 ist mit einem Anschluss 25 zur Einspritzung von Fördermedium in seiner flüssigen Phase ausgestattet. Der Anschluss 25 besitzt ferner über eine Zweigleitung eine Druckmesseinrichtung 26 sowie ein Magnetventil 27, über das Fördermedium in seiner flüssigen Phase in das Zufuhrrohr 15 eingespritzt werden kann. Wie bereits erwähnt, wird diese Einspritzung nur über die Prozesstemperatur geregelt.
Wie sich aus Figur 2 ergibt, sind die Rotoren des Drehkolbenverdichter 1 über Wellenstummel 30, 31, 32 und 33 in dem Gehäuse 2 gelagert. Diese Lagerung besteht aus Wälzlagern 34, die in an sich bekannter Weise in Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Lastannahmen unterschiedlich gestaltet sind.The supply pipe 15 arranged on the outlet side is equipped with a connection 25 for the injection of conveying medium in its liquid phase. The port 25 further has a branch line, a pressure measuring device 26 and a solenoid valve 27, can be injected via the medium in its liquid phase in the feed tube 15. As already mentioned, this injection is controlled only by the process temperature.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the rotors of the rotary compressor 1 are mounted in the housing 2 via stub shafts 30, 31, 32 and 33. This storage consists of rolling bearings 34, which are designed differently in a conventional manner depending on the respective load assumptions.

Die Wälzlager 34 sind gegenüber den Förderkammern des Verdichters, die von den Innenflächen des Gehäuses 2 und den Außenflächen der Flügel oder Zähne gebildet werden, durch Dichtanordnungen 35 abgetrennt, die im vorliegenden Fall als einfache Rechtecklabyrinthdichtungen ausgestaltet sind.The rolling bearings 34 are separated from the conveying chambers of the compressor, which are formed by the inner surfaces of the housing 2 and the outer surfaces of the wings or teeth, by sealing arrangements 35, which are configured in the present case as a simple rectangular labyrinth seals.

Der Wellenstummel 33 ist über das Gehäuse 2 des Drehkolbenverdichters hinaus verlängert und mit einer in Figur 2 nicht dargestellten Riemenscheibe versehen, die wiederum ein Teil des Riemenantriebs 7 darstellt, welcher über den Elektromotor 8 angetrieben wird.The stub shaft 33 is extended beyond the housing 2 of the rotary compressor and provided with a pulley, not shown in Figure 2, which in turn is a part of the belt drive 7, which is driven by the electric motor 8.

Die Wellenstummel 30 und 32 sind über die jeweils zugeordneten Wälzlager 34 hinaus ebenfalls verlängert und tragen Zahnräder einer Getriebeanordnung 36, welche in an sich bekannter Weise einen berührungsfreien Synchronlauf für die Rotoren sicherstellt.The stub shafts 30 and 32 are also extended beyond the respective associated rolling bearings 34 and carry gears of a gear assembly 36, which ensures a non-contact synchronous operation for the rotors in a conventional manner.

Die Wälzlager 34 und die Dichtanordnungen 35 sind in sogenannten Seitenplatten 37 und 38 des Gehäuses angeordnet, die einen zylindrischen Mittelteil 39 des Gehäuses 2 an beiden Stirnseiten abschließen. An die Seitenplatten 37 und 38 schließen sich bei dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verdichters 1 ein Radkasten 40 und ein Gehäusedeckel 41 an, die die Dichtanordnungen 35 und die Wälzlager 34 nach außen hin abschirmen und jeweils einen Ölraum 42, 43 bilden, in dem eine vorgegebene Ölmenge zur Schmierung der Getriebeanordnung 36 und der Wälzlager 34 angeordnet ist.The rolling bearings 34 and the sealing arrangements 35 are arranged in so-called side plates 37 and 38 of the housing, which terminate a cylindrical central portion 39 of the housing 2 at both end faces. At the side plates 37 and 38 close in the embodiment of a compressor 1 shown in FIG. 2, a wheel housing 40 and a housing cover 41 which shield the sealing assemblies 35 and the bearings 34 to the outside and each form an oil chamber 42, 43, in a predetermined amount of oil for lubrication of the gear assembly 36 and the rolling bearing 34 is arranged.

Die Schmierung erfolgt in bekannter Weise über sogenannte Ölschleuderscheiben 44 und 45, die im Bereich der Enden der Wellenstummel 32 und 31 befestigt sind und in den Ölsumpf der im Ölraum 42 und 43 angeordneten Ölmenge eintauchen.The lubrication takes place in a known manner via so-called Ölschleuderscheiben 44 and 45, which are fixed in the region of the ends of the stub shaft 32 and 31 and immersed in the oil sump of the oil space 42 and 43 arranged amount of oil.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Ölmenge einschließlich der den Ölraum bildenden Gehäusewände beheizt. Wie bereits beschrieben, kann die für die Beheizung der Ölmenge und der den Ölraum bildenden Gehäusewände notwendige Energie zumindest in stationärem Betrieb auch aus der zwangsläufig entstehenden Verdichtungswärme auf der Druckseite des Drehkolbenverdichters gewonnen werden. Zu diesem Zweck muss die Verdichtungswärme in den Bereich des Ölraumes geleitet werden, was überwiegend über das Gehäuse 2 des Drehkolbenverdichters bewerkstelligt wird. Die Temperaturregelung erfolgt hierbei mit Hilfe der Einspritzung geeigneter Mengen der flüssigen Phase des Fördermediums über den Anschluss 22 auf der Saugseite des Verdichters.According to the invention, the amount of oil including the housing walls forming the oil space is heated. As already described, the necessary for the heating of the oil and the oil chamber housing walls necessary energy can be obtained at least in stationary operation from the inevitably resulting compression heat on the pressure side of the rotary compressor. For this purpose, the heat of compression must be conducted into the region of the oil space, which is accomplished predominantly via the housing 2 of the rotary compressor. The temperature control takes place here by means of the injection of suitable amounts of the liquid phase of the pumped medium via the connection 22 on the suction side of the compressor.

Geregelt wird die Einspritzung mit Hilfe einer geeigneten elektronischen Steuerung, welche die Verdichtungsendtemperatur mit Hilfe des Widerstandsthermometers 21 erfasst und ein elektromagnetisch betätigtes Ventil 24 ansteuert. Wenn die sich hierbei einstellende, mit Hilfe des Temperaturfühlers 28 erfasste Prozesstemperatur oberhalb der gewünschten Werte liegt, so erfolgt auf der Druckseite des Verdichters eine weitere Einspritzung von Fördermedium in seiner flüssigen Phase über den Anschluss 25 und das Magnetventil 27.The injection is controlled by means of a suitable electronic control which detects the compression end temperature with the aid of the resistance thermometer 21 and actuates an electromagnetically actuated valve 24. If this adjusting, detected by means of the temperature sensor 28 Process temperature is above the desired values, then takes place on the pressure side of the compressor, a further injection of fluid in its liquid phase via the port 25 and the solenoid valve 27th

Reicht andererseits in bestimmten Betriebszuständen die entstehende Verdichtungswärme zum Erreichen der benötigten Öltemperatur nicht aus, so erfolgt eine zusätzliche Beheizung.On the other hand, in certain operating conditions, if the resulting heat of compression does not suffice to achieve the required oil temperature, additional heating takes place.

Diese zusätzliche Beheizung erfolgt im Falle des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Figur 2 durch zwei elektrische Heizstäbe 46 und 47 . Der Heizstab 46 ist im Bereich des Ölraumes 42 der Getriebeanordnung 36 und der Heizstab 47 im Bereich des Ölraumes 43 auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Gehäuses 2 angeordnet.This additional heating takes place in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 2 by two electric heating rods 46 and 47. The heating element 46 is arranged in the region of the oil chamber 42 of the gear arrangement 36 and the heating element 47 in the region of the oil chamber 43 on the opposite side of the housing 2.

Wie aus Figur 2 ferner hervorgeht, ist das Gehäuse des Drehkolbenverdichters einschließlich der Gehäusedeckel 40 und 41 vollkommen von hochtemperaturbeständigen Isoliermaterial 3 umgeben, das den Drehkolbenverdichter 1 gegenüber der Umgebung vollkommen abkapselt und damit Wärmeverluste an die Umgebungsluft reduziert.As is also apparent from Figure 2, the housing of the rotary compressor including the housing cover 40 and 41 is completely surrounded by high temperature resistant insulating material 3, which completely isolates the rotary compressor 1 from the environment and thus reduces heat loss to the ambient air.

Wie bereits eingangs dargestellt, ermöglicht die Beheizung, dass die Temperatur der in den Ölräumen 42 und 43 vorhandenen Ölmenge einschließlich der Temperatur der den Ölraum bildenden Gehäusewände über der Verdampfungs- bzw. Kondensationstemperatur des Fördermediums gehalten werden kann, so dass Kondensatbildung unterbunden wird. Fördermedium, das über die Dichtanordnungen 35 in dem Bereich der Wälzlager 34 und/oder in dem Bereich der Getriebeanordnung 36 gelangt, kann somit nicht kondensieren. Die bei bekannten Drehkolbenverdichterkonstruktionen in diesem Bereich auftretende Kondensatbildung wird somit unterbunden und kann sich somit auch in den Ölräumen 42 und 43 nicht mit der Ölmenge vermischen.As already mentioned, the heating makes it possible for the temperature of the oil quantity present in the oil chambers 42 and 43, including the temperature of the housing walls forming the oil chamber, to be kept above the evaporation or condensation temperature of the pumped medium, so that condensate formation is prevented. Conveying medium which passes through the sealing arrangements 35 in the region of the rolling bearings 34 and / or in the region of the gear arrangement 36 can thus not condense. The occurring in known rotary compressor designs in this area condensation is thus prevented and thus can not mix in the oil chambers 42 and 43 with the amount of oil.

Claims (11)

Drehkolbenverdichter (1) zum Fördern von Medien, welche kondensierende Dämpfe bzw. Dampf-Gas-Gemische enthalten, vorzugsweise Wasserdampf, mit - zwei Rotoren mit jeweils mindestens zwei Flügeln oder Zähnen, - einem die Rotoren umgebenden Gehäuse (2), welches mit seinen Innenflächen und den Außenflächen der Flügel oder Zähne Förderkammern für das Fördermedium bildet, - einer im Gehäuse (2) angeordneten Lageranordnung (34) für die Rotoren, die gegenüber den Förderkammern über eine Dichtanordnung (35) abgetrennt ist, - einer Getriebeanordnung (36) zum Berührungsloshalten der Rotoren im Betrieb, - sowie einem Ölraum (42, 43) zur Aufnahme zumindest eines Teils der Getriebeanordnung (36) und einer zu deren Schmierung vorgesehenen Ölmenge, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Ölmenge und/oder die den Ölraum (42, 43) bildenden Gehäusewände direkt oder indirekt derart beheizbar sind, dass deren Temperatur über der Verdampfungs- bzw. Kondensationstemperatur des Fördermediums liegt.Rotary piston compressor (1) for conveying media containing condensing vapors or steam-gas mixtures, preferably water vapor, with two rotors each having at least two wings or teeth, - A housing surrounding the rotors (2), which forms with its inner surfaces and the outer surfaces of the wings or teeth delivery chambers for the fluid, - One in the housing (2) arranged bearing assembly (34) for the rotors, which is separated from the delivery chambers via a sealing arrangement (35), a gear arrangement (36) for keeping the rotors in contact during operation, - And an oil chamber (42, 43) for receiving at least a portion of the gear assembly (36) and provided for their lubrication amount of oil, characterized in that
the oil quantity and / or the housing walls forming the oil chamber (42, 43) can be heated directly or indirectly such that their temperature is above the evaporation or condensation temperature of the pumped medium. Drehkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Beheizung eine elektrische Heizung (4) vorgesehen ist.Rotary piston compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that for heating an electric heater (4) is provided. Drehkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Beheizung ein Wärmetauscher vorgesehen ist.Rotary piston compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that for heating a heat exchanger is provided. Drehkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beheizung durch Zufuhr der durch die Verdichtung des Fördermediums entstehenden Verdichtungswärme zum Ölraum (42, 43) erfolgt.Rotary piston compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating is effected by supplying the resulting by the compression of the pumped liquid heat of compression to the oil chamber (42, 43). Drehkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 1 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur der Ölmenge und der den Ölraum (42, 43) bildenden Wände durch Einspritzung von Fördermedium in seiner flüssigen Phase auf der Saugseite des Verdichters gesteuert wird.Rotary piston compressor according to claim 1 and 4, characterized in that the temperature of the oil quantity and the oil space (42, 43) forming walls is controlled by injection of fluid in its liquid phase on the suction side of the compressor. Drehkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 5 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich zur saugseitigen Einspritzung eine druckseitige Einspritzung vorgesehen ist.Rotary piston compressor according to claim 5, characterized in that in addition to the suction-side injection, a pressure-side injection is provided. Drehkolbenverdichter nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur des Fördermediums auf der Druckseite und die Öltemperaturen in beiden Ölräumen über Temperaturgeber gemessen werden.Rotary piston compressor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature of the pumped medium on the pressure side and the oil temperatures in both oil chambers are measured by temperature sensors. Drehkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperaturgeber mit einer elektronischen Steuerung in Verbindung stehen.Rotary piston compressor according to claim 8, characterized in that the temperature sensors are in communication with an electronic control. Drehkolbenverdichter nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (2) mit hochtemperaturbeständigem Material (3) isoliert ist.Rotary piston compressor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (2) is insulated with high temperature resistant material (3). Drehkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das hochtemperaturbeständige Material (3) ein Glasfaservlies enthält.Rotary piston compressor according to claim 9, characterized in that the high-temperature-resistant material (3) contains a glass fiber fleece. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Drehkolbenverdichters nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ölmenge und/oder die den Ölraum bildenden Gehäusewände direkt oder indirekt derart beheizt werden, dass deren Temperatur über der Verdampfungs- bzw. Kondensationstemperatur des Fördermediums liegt.Method for operating a rotary compressor according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the oil quantity and / or the oil chamber housing walls are heated directly or indirectly so that their temperature is above the evaporation or condensation temperature of the pumped medium.
EP05014523A 2005-07-05 2005-07-05 Lobe type compressor Expired - Lifetime EP1741931B1 (en)

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AT05014523T ATE392554T1 (en) 2005-07-05 2005-07-05 ROTARY COMPRESSORS
DE502005003748T DE502005003748D1 (en) 2005-07-05 2005-07-05 Rotary compressor
EP05014523A EP1741931B1 (en) 2005-07-05 2005-07-05 Lobe type compressor

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