EP1606572B1 - High-strength planar structures for end-ballistic protection and protection against wear and method for producing the same - Google Patents
High-strength planar structures for end-ballistic protection and protection against wear and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- EP1606572B1 EP1606572B1 EP04720579A EP04720579A EP1606572B1 EP 1606572 B1 EP1606572 B1 EP 1606572B1 EP 04720579 A EP04720579 A EP 04720579A EP 04720579 A EP04720579 A EP 04720579A EP 1606572 B1 EP1606572 B1 EP 1606572B1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0492—Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix
Definitions
- the invention relates to the fields of materials sciences, ceramics, protective armor materials and wear and tear, and relates to high-strength endoplates for end-ballistic protection, for example for the protection of vehicles and persons, and for wear protection, for example for use in crushers, mills, Troughs and pipes and a method for their production.
- Ballistic protective armor which consist of a backing material and applied tiles. These bullet-resistant sheet materials are bullet-resistant sheet-like structures with a textile laminate (backing material) onto which ceramic boards are adhesively bonded to one another in a form-fitting manner. This material composite should, with the lowest possible weight, make shots, especially of hard core projectiles with high speeds and thus high impact energy, ineffective. The introduced by the projectile Energy at the bullet point is dissipated in the west by the destruction of the affected tile.
- the EP 0 967 453 A1 which forms a basis for independent claims 1 and 16, describes a flexible, impact or impact resistant composite material which has a shock side which is impact resistant and the adjacent plates have a completely blunt edge.
- this composite material consists of a flexible material, which consists of at least one layer, which has a high resistance to local deformation and has non-ballistic properties.
- the plates are integrated into the flexible material on the impact side.
- the plates may have a variety of three-dimensional shape, such as cylindrical, pyramidal, truncated pyramidal or angular shapes.
- the object of the invention is to provide high-strength fabrics for end ballistic protection and wear protection, in which only in the immediate vicinity of a projectile action or local wear the destruction of the fabric takes place and a simple method for their preparation
- the flatness of the surfaces to the top and bottom depends essentially on the application, which may also require curved and / or curved surfaces.
- the individual bodies and / or the composites composed thereof consist wholly or partly of ceramic and / or metallic materials, and particularly advantageously of ceramic materials, such as SiC, Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 , of metallic materials such as hard metals, higher strength Steel, such as V2A steel, ST 52-3 or ceramic-metal composites.
- ceramic materials such as SiC, Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3
- metallic materials such as hard metals, higher strength Steel, such as V2A steel, ST 52-3 or ceramic-metal composites.
- connection of the individual bodies by gluing, welding, soldering or by brackets is realized.
- the individual bodies of the fabric have only one connection to the backing material and / or to another sheetlike material and then, conversely, to yield a complete fabric together.
- the contact surfaces of the individual individual bodies are positively connected to one another.
- the individual bodies and / or the mold assemblies composed therefrom have dimensions of 5 to 200 mm, more advantageously dimensions of 10 to 100 mm edge length.
- gaps between the surfaces and / or edges of the individual bodies and / or the composite forms composed thereof are completely filled.
- the filling may advantageously be an adhesive or a solder or a tissue.
- the gaps between the surfaces and / or edges of the individual bodies and / or the composite forms composed thereof are advantageously between 0.1 and 10 mm wide, with smaller dimensions of the individual bodies and / or the mold composites also having smaller gap dimensions.
- Destruction by projectile action or wear occurs only in the immediate vicinity of the projectile caliber or the wear and thus has an improved resistance to multiple impact or permanent wear due to wear.
- This is achieved according to the invention by reducing the size of the individual bodies, which on the one hand has the disadvantage of a high number of surfaces with respect to the projectile or wear effect, but nevertheless achieves an improved bullet-resistant or wear-inhibiting effect.
- This advantage is achieved by reducing the weaknesses of such a composite surface, which existed in the prior art, and / or were no longer arranged directly in the direction of impact of the projectiles or the wear. This advantage also applies to the field of wear protection, in which there is primarily an impact stress of the armor.
- backing material used in the context of this invention is understood to mean a material to which individual bodies and / or one or more mold composites are attached or which completely or partially surrounds the individual bodies and / or one or more mold composites.
- the backing material is advantageously fiber fabric molded body and in the case of wear protection advantageously metal, for example in the form of sheets.
- metal sheets as backing material for Endbaflistica protection, as well as the use of fiber fabric moldings as backing material in wear protection is also conceivable.
- the composite 400 pentahedron cover the entire backing material with their flat sheet side to the backing material. This sheet structure side is frictionally connected to the backing material by gluing with a two-component synthetic resin adhesive.
- a fabric produced in this way is incorporated into a protective armor for a military vehicle.
- the maximum destroyed area is 40 x 40 mm, but usually only 20 x 40 mm.
- a continuously cast high-strength steel (ST 52-3) with a triangular cross section is processed by obliquely cutting the strand into pyramids with a footprint of 40 x 40 mm and a height of 40 mm. From such a steel strand and subsequent oblique cutting tetrahedrons are produced with a length of each right-angled edges of 40 mm and a height of 40 mm.
- the pyramids and tetrahedra as a composite mold are each arranged in 200 pieces in a frame to a flat sheet.
- the side facing the backing material is connected to the backing material made of a steel sheet of quality ST37 measuring 400 x 400 mm with a soft solder and appropriate flux.
- a fabric produced is incorporated as a protective armor for the baffle plate of a hammer crusher.
- the touching edges of the armor plates are more eroded than the plates themselves.
- the pitch runs obliquely to the stress direction due to the arrangement of the tetrahedra and pyramids, which results in a reduced abrasion at the contacting edges, resulting in a use time that is longer by 11 ⁇ 2 times. Due to the solder joint replacement of the protective plates and a reuse of the safety device are possible.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Gebiete der Werkstoffwissenschaften, der Keramik, der Materialien für Schutzpanzerungen und für Verschleißbeanspruchungen und betrifft hochfeste Flächengebilde für endballistischen Schutz, beispielsweise für den Schutz von Fahrzeugen und Personen, und für Verschleißschutz, beispielsweise für den Einsatz in Brechern, Mühlen, Förderrinnen und Rohren und ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung.The invention relates to the fields of materials sciences, ceramics, protective armor materials and wear and tear, and relates to high-strength endoplates for end-ballistic protection, for example for the protection of vehicles and persons, and for wear protection, for example for use in crushers, mills, Troughs and pipes and a method for their production.
Zur Sicherung von Personen, Fahrzeugen und Einrichtungen im militärischen und auch im zivilen Bereich wird eine Konstruktion zur Sicherung des entsprechenden Objektes nach der jeweils spezifischen Bedrohung ausgelegt. Die Überlebensfähigkeit derartig geschützter Objekte kann durch den Einsatz von Schutzpanzerungen aus geschossfestem Material erhöht werden. Da die Rückhaltefähigkeit derartiger Schutzpanzerungen im Wesentlichen von der Oberflächenhärte der Schutzflächen der Panzerungselemente abhängt, wurden bisher in erster Linie Spezialstähle mit hoher Härte und entsprechend abgestimmter Zähigkeit, aber auch keramische Werkstoffe eingesetzt.For the protection of persons, vehicles and facilities in the military as well as in the civilian area, a construction to secure the corresponding object is designed according to the specific threat. The survivability of such protected objects can be increased by the use of bullet proof material made of bulletproof material. Since the retention capacity of such protective armor depends essentially on the surface hardness of the protective surfaces of the armor elements, special steels with high hardness and correspondingly matched toughness, but also ceramic materials have been used in the first place.
Aus der
Wenn in vielen Fällen Stahl trotz des hohen Gewichtes für die Panzerung gegen Geschosse Anwendung findet, so im wesentlichen deshalb, weil durch die Härte und Elastizität des Stahls nur geringfügige Schädigungen am Panzermaterial auftreten, so dass folgende Treffer im Abstand von nur wenigen Millimetern zum vorherigen Treffer wiederum gehalten werden können.If in many cases steel despite the high weight for the armor against projectiles application, so essentially because only slight damage to the armor material occur by the hardness and elasticity of the steel, so that the following hits at a distance of only a few millimeters to the previous hit can be kept in turn.
Bei keramischen Werkstoffen ist dies jedoch völlig anders. Hier ist es zwar möglich, den ersten Treffer durch eine dünnere Schutzschicht von sehr geringem Gewicht im Vergleich zu Stahl zu halten, jedoch zerstört jeder Treffer im keramischen Material eine relativ große Fläche, so dass der nächste Treffer mit Sicherheit nur dann gehalten werden kann, wenn er auf ein vom zuerst getroffenen Keramikstück unabhängiges, d.h. separat aufgebrachtes Keramikstück auftrifft. Die Tatsache führt dazu, dass Keramikelemente, insbesondere Einzelkacheln verwendet werden müssen, um bei einem geringen Geschossabstand die Schutzwirkung nicht zu verlieren. Die Abstimmung der Plattengröße erfolgt deshalb meist nach dem möglichen Trefferabstand, was kleinere Kachelabmessungen zur Folge hat. Dadurch ergibt sich ein weiteres Problem, nämlich, wie die Kachelanordnung beschaffen sein muss, damit die zwangsläufig vorhandenen engen Spalte zwischen den Kacheln als Schwachstellen der Gesamtschutzschicht möglichst geschützt werden können.For ceramic materials, however, this is completely different. Here, while it is possible to hold the first hit by a thinner protective layer of very light weight compared to steel, however, every hit in the ceramic material destroys a relatively large area so that the next hit can certainly only be held if he insists on a ceramic piece of the first hit, ie separately applied ceramic piece impinges. The fact is that ceramic elements, in particular individual tiles have to be used in order not to lose the protective effect at a small projectile distance. The tuning of the plate size is therefore usually after the possible hit distance, which has smaller tile dimensions result. This results in another problem, namely, how the tile arrangement must be designed so that the inevitable existing narrow gaps between the tiles as weak points of the total protective layer can be protected as possible.
Bei der Mosaikanordnung von keramischen Kacheln ist es deshalb allein wegen des Kantenproblems trotz einer bekannten Anordnung nach Art eines Verbundmauerwerkes (
Auch im Bereich des Verschleißschutzes ergeben sich Einsatzgebiete für Schutzpanzerungen, wie z.B. gegen Prallbeanspruchung oder Gleitverschleiß. Hohem Verschleiß ausgesetzte Platten oder Formstücke in Kanälen, Behältern, Sichtern, heißgehenden Zyklonen, Mühlen oder Brechern zeigen besonders starke Abrasionserscheinungen an den Kanten der sich berührenden Kacheln. Die Standfestigkeit der Verschleißpanzerung hängt demnach vorrangig von der Kantenstabilität ab, was eine höhere Dichte der Auskleidung zur Folge hat.Also in the field of wear protection there are areas of application for protective armor, such as against impact stress or sliding wear. High wear plates or fittings in channels, containers, Screeners, hot cyclones, mills or crushers show particularly strong abrasion phenomena at the edges of the touching tiles. The stability of the wear armor depends therefore primarily on the edge stability, which has a higher density of the lining result.
Weiterhin ist in der
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, hochfeste Flächengebilde für den endballistischen Schutz und Verschleißschutz anzugeben, bei denen nur im unmittelbaren Umfeld einer Geschosseinwirkung oder eines lokalen Verschleißes die Zerstörung des Flächengebildes erfolgt und ein einfaches Verfahren zu ihrer HerstellungThe object of the invention is to provide high-strength fabrics for end ballistic protection and wear protection, in which only in the immediate vicinity of a projectile action or local wear the destruction of the fabric takes place and a simple method for their preparation
Die Aufgabe wird durch die in den Ansprüchen angegebene Erfindung gelöst. Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The object is achieved by the invention specified in the claims. Further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße hochfeste Flächengebilde für endballistischen Schutz und Verschleißschutz, bestehend aus Einzelkörpern, die, zusammengesetzt und auf einem Backing-Material befestigt und/oder ganz oder teilweise von einem Backing-Material umgeben, das hochfeste Flächengebilde ergeben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
- die Einzelkörper die Form von regelmäßigen Pyramiden und Tetraedern oder unregelmäßigen Pentaedern und/oder Hexaedern aufweisen
oder - die Einzelkörper aus einem Formenverbund aus zusammengesetzten und miteinander verbundenen Formen regelmäßiger Pyramiden und Tetraeder oder unregelmäßiger Pentaeder und/oder Hexaeder bestehen,
- the individual bodies in the form of regular pyramids and tetrahedrons or irregular pentahedra and / or hexahedra
or - the individual bodies consist of a composite of composite and interconnected forms of regular pyramids and tetrahedrons or irregular pentahedra and / or hexahedra,
Die Ebenheit der Flächen zur Ober- und Unterseite richtet sich im Wesentlichen nach dem Anwendungsfall, der auch gebogene und/oder gewölbte Oberflächen erfordern kann.The flatness of the surfaces to the top and bottom depends essentially on the application, which may also require curved and / or curved surfaces.
Vorteilhafterweise bestehen die Einzelkörper und/oder die daraus zusammengesetzten Verbundkörper ganz oder teilweise aus keramischen und/oder metallischen Materialien, und besonders vorteilhafterweise aus keramischen Materialien, wie SiC, Si3N4, Al2O3, aus metallischen Materialien, wie Hartmetalle, höherfestem Stahl, wie V2A-Stahl, ST 52-3 oder aus Keramik-Metall-Verbundwerkstoffen.Advantageously, the individual bodies and / or the composites composed thereof consist wholly or partly of ceramic and / or metallic materials, and particularly advantageously of ceramic materials, such as SiC, Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 , of metallic materials such as hard metals, higher strength Steel, such as V2A steel, ST 52-3 or ceramic-metal composites.
Weiterhin vorteilhafterweise besteht ein Formenverbund aus 5 Pyramiden und 4 Tetraedern, der mehrfach wiederholt und jeweils als Formenverbund abwechselnd umgekehrt zusammengesetzt, das Flächengebilde ergibt.Further advantageously, there is a composite of 5 pyramids and 4 tetrahedra, which is repeated several times and alternately assembled alternately as a composite mold, the sheet results.
Ebenfalls vorteilhafterweise ist die Verbindung der Einzelkörper durch Verkleben, Verschweißen, Löten oder durch Klammern realisiert.Also advantageously, the connection of the individual bodies by gluing, welding, soldering or by brackets is realized.
Es ist auch von Vorteil, wenn die Einzelkörper des Flächengebildes jeweils nur eine Verbindung zum Backing-Material und/oder zu einem anderen flächigen Material aufweisen und dann umgekehrt zusammengesetzt ein vollständiges Flächengebilde ergeben. Besonders vorteilhaft ist in diesem Fall, wenn die Berührungsflächen der einzelnen Einzelkörper zueinander kraftschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind.It is also advantageous if the individual bodies of the fabric have only one connection to the backing material and / or to another sheetlike material and then, conversely, to yield a complete fabric together. In this case, it is particularly advantageous if the contact surfaces of the individual individual bodies are positively connected to one another.
Auch vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Einzelkörper und/oder die daraus zusammengesetzten Formenverbunde Abmessungen von 5 bis 200 mm, noch vorteilhafter Abmessungen von 10 bis 100 mm Kantenlänge aufweisen.It is also advantageous if the individual bodies and / or the mold assemblies composed therefrom have dimensions of 5 to 200 mm, more advantageously dimensions of 10 to 100 mm edge length.
Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn zwischen allen oder mehreren oder einzelnen Einzelkörpern des Flächengebildes ein teilweiser und/oder vollständiger formschlüssiger Kontakt ihrer Flächen und/oder Kanten besteht.Furthermore, it is advantageous if there is a partial and / or complete positive contact between their surfaces and / or edges between all or several or individual individual bodies of the fabric.
Im Falle des Vorliegens von Spalten zwischen den Flächen und/oder Kanten der Einzelkörper und/oder der daraus zusammengesetzten Formenverbunde sind diese vollständig gefüllt. Die Füllung kann dabei vorteilhafterweise ein Kleber oder ein Lot oder ein Gewebe sein.
Die Spalte zwischen den Flächen und/oder Kanten der Einzelkörper und/oder den daraus zusammengesetzten Formenverbunde sind vorteilhafterweise zwischen 0,1 und 10 mm breit, wobei bei geringeren Abmessungen der Einzelkörper und/oder der Formenverbunde auch geringere Spaltabmessungen vorliegen.In the case of the presence of gaps between the surfaces and / or edges of the individual bodies and / or the composite forms composed thereof, these are completely filled. The filling may advantageously be an adhesive or a solder or a tissue.
The gaps between the surfaces and / or edges of the individual bodies and / or the composite forms composed thereof are advantageously between 0.1 and 10 mm wide, with smaller dimensions of the individual bodies and / or the mold composites also having smaller gap dimensions.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochfesten Flächengebilden für endballistischen Schutz und Verschleißschutz werden
- Einzelkörper in Form von regelmäßigen Pyramiden und Tetraedern oder unregelmäßigen Pentaedern und/oder Hexaedern
oder - Einzelkörper als Formenverbund aus zusammengesetzten und miteinander verbundenen Formen regelmäßiger Pyramiden und Tetraeder oder unregelmäßiger Pentaeder und/oder Hexaeder
wobei das Flächengebilde jeweils im Wesentlichen ebene Flächen auf der Ober- und Unterseite und außer den Spalten zwischen den Einzelkörpern keine weiteren Fehlstellen aufweist und mindestens auf einer Seite mit einem Backing-Material kraftschlüssig verbunden und/oder ganz oder teilweise von einem Backing-Material umgeben wird.In the process according to the invention for producing high-strength fabrics for end ballistic protection and wear protection
- Single bodies in the form of regular pyramids and tetrahedrons or irregular pentahedrons and / or hexahedra
or - Single body as a composite of composite and interconnected forms of regular pyramids and tetrahedra or irregular pentahedron and / or hexahedron
wherein the fabric in each case substantially flat surfaces on the top and bottom and except for the gaps between the individual bodies has no further defects and non-positively connected at least on one side with a backing material and / or is completely or partially surrounded by a backing material ,
Von Vorteil ist es, wenn dabei die kraftschlüssige Verbindung der Einzelkörper und/oder daraus zusammengesetzte Formenverbunde mit dem Backing-Material und/oder mit einem anderen flächigen Material durch Kleben, Löten, Pressen, Schweißen realisiert wird.It is advantageous if in this case the non-positive connection of the individual bodies and / or composite molds composed therefrom with the backing material and / or with another planar material is achieved by gluing, soldering, pressing, welding.
Ebenfalls von Vorteil ist es, wenn aus 5 Pyramiden und 4 Tetraedern ein Formenverbund hergestellt wird, der beliebig oft wiederholt und jeweils abwechselnd umgekehrt zusammengesetzt wird, und damit zum Backing-Material und/oder zur Auftreffseite hin jeweils eine ebene und/oder gebogene und/oder gewölbte Oberfläche ausbilden.It is also of advantage if from 5 pyramids and 4 tetrahedra a mold compound is produced, which is repeated as often and alternately reversed assembled, and thus to the backing material and / or the landing side in each case a flat and / or curved and / or forming a curved surface.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist es möglich, eine verbesserte Panzerung zum endballistischen Schutz und/oder zum Verschleißschutz zu erreichen, derenWith the solution according to the invention it is possible to achieve an improved armor for end ballistic protection and / or wear protection, the
Zerstörung durch Geschosseinwirkung oder Verschleiß nur im unmittelbaren Umfeld des Geschosskalibers oder der Verschleißeinwirkung auftritt und somit eine verbesserte Beständigkeit gegen Mehrfachbeschuss oder Dauerbeanspruchung durch Verschleiß aufweist. Dies gelingt erfindungsgemäß durch die Verkleinerung der Einzelkörper, was einerseits den Nachteil einer hohen Anzahl an Flächen gegenüber der Geschoss- oder Verschleißeinwirkung aufweist, erfindungsgemäß aber trotzdem eine verbesserte geschosshemmende oder verschleißhemmende Wirkung erreicht. Dieser Vorteil wird erreicht, indem die Schwachstellen einer derartigen Verbundfläche, die nach dem Stand der Technik bestanden, verringert und/oder nicht mehr unmittelbar in Einwirkungsrichtung der Geschosse oder des Verschleißes angeordnet worden sind.
Dieser Vorteil trifft auch für den Bereich des Verschleißschutzes zu, bei dem in erster Linie eine Prallbeanspruchung der Panzerung vorliegt.Destruction by projectile action or wear occurs only in the immediate vicinity of the projectile caliber or the wear and thus has an improved resistance to multiple impact or permanent wear due to wear. This is achieved according to the invention by reducing the size of the individual bodies, which on the one hand has the disadvantage of a high number of surfaces with respect to the projectile or wear effect, but nevertheless achieves an improved bullet-resistant or wear-inhibiting effect. This advantage is achieved by reducing the weaknesses of such a composite surface, which existed in the prior art, and / or were no longer arranged directly in the direction of impact of the projectiles or the wear.
This advantage also applies to the field of wear protection, in which there is primarily an impact stress of the armor.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird neben der verbesserten Anpassbarkeit des Flächengebildes an unregelmäßige Formen auch eine Verringerung des spezifischen Gewichtes erreicht, ohne die Schutzwirkung zu verschlechtern; im Gegenteil, es wird sogar in vielen Fällen eine verbesserte Schutzwirkung erreicht. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird die kritische Kantenstabilität und Kantenhärte des Flächengebildes auf die Halteleistung zum Backing-Material und ggf. eines weiteren flächigen Materials und der Härte des Materials des Flächengebildes jeweils ganz oder teilweise reduziert.As a result of the solution according to the invention, in addition to the improved adaptability of the fabric to irregular shapes, a reduction in the specific weight is achieved without impairing the protective effect; on the contrary, an improved protective effect is achieved even in many cases. With the solution according to the invention, the critical edge stability and edge hardness of the fabric on the holding power to the backing material and possibly a further sheet material and the hardness of the material of the fabric is in each case completely or partially reduced.
Unter der im Rahmen dieser Erfindung verwendeten Bezeichnung "Backing-Material" wird ein Material verstanden, auf das Einzelkörper und/oder ein oder mehrere Formenverbunde befestigt werden oder das die Einzelkörper und/oder ein oder mehrere Formenverbunde ganz oder teilweise umgibt. Im Falle des endballistischen Schutzes handelt es sich bei dem Backing-Material vorteilhafterweise um Fasergewebe-Formkörper und im Falle des Verschleißschutzes vorteilhafterweise um Metalle, beispielsweise in Form von Blechen. Die Verwendung von Metallblechen als Backing-Material für den endbaflistischen Schutz, als auch die Verwendung von Fasergewebe-Formkörpern als Backing-Material im Verschleißschutz ist ebenfalls denkbar.The term "backing material" used in the context of this invention is understood to mean a material to which individual bodies and / or one or more mold composites are attached or which completely or partially surrounds the individual bodies and / or one or more mold composites. In the case of end ballistic protection, the backing material is advantageously fiber fabric molded body and in the case of wear protection advantageously metal, for example in the form of sheets. The use of metal sheets as backing material for Endbaflistischen protection, as well as the use of fiber fabric moldings as backing material in wear protection is also conceivable.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to several exemplary embodiments.
Aus keramischen Platten aus flüssigphasengesintertem Siliciumcarbid werden mittels Trennschleifen 400 unregelmäßige Pentaeder mit den Abmessungen 30 x 20 x 20 mm (jeweils größte L x B x H) hergestellt. Die Form entspricht der Kombination aus einer regelmäßigen Pyramide und einem Tetraeder, die so verbunden sind, dass eine Keilform entsteht, wobei zwei Seiten die Fläche eines Parallelogramms ergeben, zwei Flächen die Form eines gleichschenkligen Dreiecks ergeben und die Grundfläche ein Quadrat ist.
Diese Pentaeder werden so zusammengesetzt, dass gegenüber dem Backing-Material, welches ein Aramid(faser)-Formkörper mit den Abmessungen 400 x 400 mm ist, und der Außenseite des zukünftigen Flächengebildes jeweils ebene Oberflächen entstehen. Die zusammengesetzten 400 Pentaeder bedecken mit ihrer ebenen Flächengebildeseite zum Backing-Material das gesamte Backing-Material. Diese Flächengebildeseite wird mit dem Backing-Material durch Kleben mit einem Zweikomponenten-Kunstharzkleber kraftschlüssig verbunden.
Ein derart hergestelltes Flächengebilde wird in eine Schutzpanzerung für ein Militärfahrzeug eingearbeitet.
Bei einer senkrechten Geschosseinwirkung eines Hartkerngeschosses von 12,7 mm Kaliber werden je Geschoss maximal 6 Pentaeder, üblicherweise aber nur 2 bis 4 Pentaeder, jeweils nur in unmittelbarer Umgebung der Einschussstelle zerstört. Aufgrund der Überdeckung der Panzerplatten bleibt, im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen keramischen Schutzpanzerungen, die Schutzwirkung unmittelbar neben der Einschussstelle erhalten. Die maximal zerstörte Fläche beträgt 40 x 40 mm, üblicherweise aber nur 20 x 40 mm.
Im Vergleich dazu werden bei einer herkömmlichen Plattenanordnung von Platten einer Größe von 75 x 75 x 20 mm in Form eines Mauerwerkes maximal eine Fläche von 150 x 150 mm, üblicherweise 75 x 75 mm zerstört.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird der Schuss auch gehalten, wenn das Geschoss auf die Kanten der sich berührenden Pentaeder trifft.
Dagegen wird bei der herkömmlichen Plattenanordnung der Schuss nicht gehalten, wenn das Geschoss auf die sich berührenden Plattenkanten trifft. Daher ist bei der herkömmlichen Anordnung eine höhere Plattendicke von mindestens 30 mm erforderlich, um den Schuss zuverlässig zu halten, was in einer 33 %-igen Gewichtserhöhung resultiert.From ceramic plates made of liquid-phase-sintered silicon carbide 400 irregular pentahedra with the dimensions 30 x 20 x 20 mm (each largest L x W x H) are prepared by means of cutting loops. The shape corresponds to the combination of a regular pyramid and a tetrahedron connected to form a wedge shape, two sides giving the area of a parallelogram, two areas giving the shape of an isosceles triangle and the base area being a square.
These pentahedra are assembled in such a way that flat surfaces are created in each case in relation to the backing material, which is an aramid (fibrous) shaped article with dimensions of 400 × 400 mm, and the outside of the future sheet. The composite 400 pentahedron cover the entire backing material with their flat sheet side to the backing material. This sheet structure side is frictionally connected to the backing material by gluing with a two-component synthetic resin adhesive.
A fabric produced in this way is incorporated into a protective armor for a military vehicle.
In a vertical projectile action of a hard core bullet of 12.7 mm caliber per bullet maximum of 6 pentahedra, but usually only 2 to 4 pentahedra, each destroyed only in the immediate vicinity of the bullet point. Due to the covering of the armor plates, in contrast to conventional ceramic protective armor, the protective effect is maintained immediately adjacent to the bullet point. The maximum destroyed area is 40 x 40 mm, but usually only 20 x 40 mm.
By comparison, in a conventional plate assembly of 75 x 75 x 20 mm boards in the form of masonry, a maximum area of 150 x 150 mm, typically 75 x 75 mm, is destroyed.
In the solution according to the invention, the shot is also held when the bullet hits the edges of the touching pentahedron.
In contrast, in the conventional plate assembly, the weft is not held when the projectile meets the contacting plate edges. Therefore, at the conventional assembly, a higher plate thickness of at least 30 mm is required to hold the shot reliably, resulting in a 33% increase in weight.
Ein stranggegossener hochfester Stahl (ST 52-3) mit einem dreieckigen Querschnitt wird durch schräges Abschneiden des Stranges zu Pyramiden mit einer Grundfläche von 40 x 40 mm und einer Höhe von 40 mm verarbeitet. Aus einem ebensolchen Stahlstrang und nachfolgendem schrägen Schneiden werden Tetraeder mit einer Länge der sich jeweils rechtwinklig gegenüberliegenden Kanten von 40 mm und einer Höhe von 40 mm hergestellt. Dabei werden 200 Pyramiden mit jeweils einem Tetraeder bereits durch Verlöten mit einem Weichlot kraftschlüssig zu einem Formenverbund miteinander verbunden. Die Pyramiden und Tetraeder als Formenverbund werden jeweils zu 200 Stück in einem Rahmen zu einem ebenen Flächengebilde angeordnet. Die dem Backing-Material zugewandte Seite wird mit dem Backing-Material aus einem Stahlblech der Qualität ST37 der Abmessungen 400 x 400 mm mit einem Weichlot und entsprechendem Flussmittel miteinander verbunden.
Ein derart hergestelltes Flächengebilde wird als Schutzpanzerung für die Prallplatte eines Hammerbrechers eingearbeitet.
Bei der Abrasionsbeanspruchung an der Prallplatte werden die sich berührenden Kanten der Panzerplatten stärker erodiert als die Platten selbst.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung verläuft die Teilung aufgrund der Anordnung der Tetraeder und Pyramiden schräg zur Beanspruchungsrichtung, wodurch sich eine verringerte Abrasion an den sich berührenden Kanten ergibt, was eine um die 1½ - fache längere Einsatzdauer zur Folge hat. Aufgrund der Lötverbindung sind eine Auswechslung der Schutzplatten und eine Wiederverwendung der Sicherungseinrichtung möglich.A continuously cast high-strength steel (ST 52-3) with a triangular cross section is processed by obliquely cutting the strand into pyramids with a footprint of 40 x 40 mm and a height of 40 mm. From such a steel strand and subsequent oblique cutting tetrahedrons are produced with a length of each right-angled edges of 40 mm and a height of 40 mm. In this case, 200 pyramids, each with a tetrahedron already by soldering with a soft solder frictionally connected to form a composite. The pyramids and tetrahedra as a composite mold are each arranged in 200 pieces in a frame to a flat sheet. The side facing the backing material is connected to the backing material made of a steel sheet of quality ST37 measuring 400 x 400 mm with a soft solder and appropriate flux.
Such a fabric produced is incorporated as a protective armor for the baffle plate of a hammer crusher.
During the abrasion stress on the impact plate, the touching edges of the armor plates are more eroded than the plates themselves.
In the solution according to the invention, the pitch runs obliquely to the stress direction due to the arrangement of the tetrahedra and pyramids, which results in a reduced abrasion at the contacting edges, resulting in a use time that is longer by 1½ times. Due to the solder joint replacement of the protective plates and a reuse of the safety device are possible.
Claims (18)
- High-strength large-area structure for final-ballistic protection and wear protection, comprising individual bodies which, when assembled and mounted on a backing material and/or entirely or partially surrounded by a backing material, produce the high-strength large-area structure, characterized in that- the individual bodies are in the form of regular pyramids and tetrahedra or irregular pentahedra and/or hexahedra,
or- the individual bodies comprise a shape composite composed of assembled shapes, connected to one another, of regular pyramids and tetrahedra or irregular pentahedra and/or hexahedra,with the large-area structure in each case having essentially smooth surfaces on the upper face and lower face, and having no further flaws apart from the gaps between the individual bodies. - Large-area structure according to Claim 1, in which the individual bodies and/or the shape composites assembled from them are entirely or partially composed of ceramic and/or metallic materials.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 2, in which SiC, Si3N4 and Al2O3 are used as ceramic materials.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 2, in which hard metals or high-strength steels are used as metallic materials.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 2, in which the individual bodies and/or the shape composites assembled from them are composed of ceramic-metal composite materials.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 1, in which a shape composite comprises five pyramids and four tetrahedra, is repeated a plurality of times and is in each case assembled, alternately reversed, as a shape composite which forms the large-area structure.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 1, in which the individual bodies are connected by adhesive bonding, welding, soldering or by means of brackets.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 1, in which the individual bodies of the large-area structure each have only one connection to the backing material and/or to some other large-area material and then, when assembled reversed, result in a complete large-area structure.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 8, in which the touching surfaces of the individual bodies are connected to one another by force fits.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 1, in which the individual bodies and/or the shape composites assembled from them have dimensions with edge lengths from 5 to 200 millimetres.
- Large-area structure according t0 Claim 10, in which the individual bodies and/or the shape composites assembled from them have dimensions with edge lengths from 10 to 100 millimetres.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 1, in which there is an interlocking contact between the surfaces and/or edges of all, of a plurality or of single individual bodies in the large-area structure.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 1, in which, when there are gaps between the surfaces and/or edges of the individual bodies and/or the shape composites assembled from them, these gaps are completely filled.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 13, in which the gaps are filled by an adhesive, a solder or a fabric.
- Large-area structure according to Claim 13, in which the gaps between the surfaces and/or edges of the individual bodies and/or of the shape composites assembled from them have a width of between 0.1 and 10 millimetres, with smaller gap dimensions also being possible if the dimensions of the individual bodies and/or of the shape composites are smaller.
- Method for production of high-strength large-area structures for final-ballistic protection and wear protection according to at least one of Claims 1 to 15,
characterized in that- individual bodies in the form of regular pyramids and tetrahedra or irregular pentahedra and/or hexahedra
or- individual bodies as a shape composite of assembled shapes, connected to one another, of regular pyramids and tetrahedra or irregular pentahedra and/or hexahedraare assembled to form a large-area structure,
with the large-area structure in each case having essentially smooth surfaces on the upper face and lower face and having no further flaws apart from the gaps between the individual bodies, and being connected with a force fit to a backing material on at least one side and/or being entirely or partially surrounded by a backing material. - Method according to Claim 16, in which the individual bodies and/or the shape composites assembled from them are connected by force fits to the backing material and/or to some other large-area material by adhesive bonding, soldering, pressing or welding.
- Method according to Claim 16, in which a shape composite is produced from 5 pyramids and 4 tetrahedra, is repeated as often as desired, and the shape composites are in each case assembled alternately reversed, thus forming a smooth and/or curved and/or convex surface on the backing material and/or on the touching side.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10313231 | 2003-03-19 | ||
| DE10313231A DE10313231B4 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2003-03-19 | High-strength fabrics for end ballistic protection and wear protection |
| PCT/DE2004/000586 WO2004083768A1 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-03-15 | High-strength planar structures for end-ballistic protection and protection against wear and method for producing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1606572A1 EP1606572A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
| EP1606572B1 true EP1606572B1 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
Family
ID=32946139
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04720579A Expired - Lifetime EP1606572B1 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-03-15 | High-strength planar structures for end-ballistic protection and protection against wear and method for producing the same |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1606572B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE399973T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10313231B4 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2309510T3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL170927A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004083768A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006050130A1 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-04-30 | Audi Ag | Multi-layered, armor plating material, has ceramic or metal bodies arranged on support layer such that large surface of position lies against support layer by one body, where another body of another position is inserted into gaps |
| ES2361376T3 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2011-06-16 | KRAUSS-MAFFEI WEGMANN GMBH & CO. KG | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOSITE SHIELDING PLATE. |
| DE202012011496U1 (en) * | 2012-12-02 | 2014-03-06 | Thomas Vorsatz | Punch protection |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3523057A (en) * | 1965-10-24 | 1970-08-04 | Schjeldahl Co G T | Ball and plastic armour plate |
| FR1599798A (en) * | 1968-10-21 | 1970-07-20 | ||
| US3867239A (en) * | 1973-06-11 | 1975-02-18 | Us Army | Body armor construction |
| DE3134341A1 (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1982-05-13 | Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft vertreten durch die Eidg. Munitionsfabrik Thun der Gruppe für Rüstungsdienste, 3603 Thun | Composite armour |
| DE3228264A1 (en) * | 1981-08-13 | 1985-12-05 | Harry 7311 Hochdorf Apprich | Bulletproof multi-layer material |
| CH652005A5 (en) * | 1981-12-31 | 1985-10-31 | Dierk Filmer | PROTECTIVE DEVICE. |
| US4483020A (en) * | 1982-11-17 | 1984-11-20 | Jack P. Cittadine | Projectile proof vest |
| DE3426457A1 (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1986-01-30 | Val. Mehler Ag, 6400 Fulda | BULLET-RESISTANT AREA |
| DE3940623A1 (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1991-06-13 | Sst Sicherheits Und Systemtech | Protective ceramic tiles for ballistic missile - have max. thickness at centre and decreasing towards edges |
| US5736474A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1998-04-07 | Thomas; Howard L. | Multi-structure ballistic material |
| US5804757A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1998-09-08 | Real World Consulting, Inc. | Flexible, lightweight, compound body armor |
| US6009789A (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 2000-01-04 | Simula Inc. | Ceramic tile armor with enhanced joint and edge protection |
| EP0967453A1 (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 1999-12-29 | Armortec Incorporated | Flexible, impact-resistant materials |
| DE19856597B4 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2004-07-08 | Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft Mbh | protective armor |
| DE19939533B4 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2006-11-23 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Open passenger vehicle |
| AT410142B (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2003-02-25 | Astron Elastomerprodukte Ges M | Device protects body parts against bullets or shrapnels, has carrier layer, layer of protective plates and energy-absorbing layer |
-
2003
- 2003-03-19 DE DE10313231A patent/DE10313231B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-03-15 DE DE502004007489T patent/DE502004007489D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-15 WO PCT/DE2004/000586 patent/WO2004083768A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-03-15 EP EP04720579A patent/EP1606572B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-15 ES ES04720579T patent/ES2309510T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-15 AT AT04720579T patent/ATE399973T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-09-18 IL IL170927A patent/IL170927A/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004083768A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| DE502004007489D1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
| IL170927A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
| ATE399973T1 (en) | 2008-07-15 |
| DE10313231B4 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
| EP1606572A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
| ES2309510T3 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
| DE10313231A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
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