EP1696705B1 - Flat heating element of small thickness, in particular for cooking oven - Google Patents
Flat heating element of small thickness, in particular for cooking oven Download PDFInfo
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- EP1696705B1 EP1696705B1 EP20050025515 EP05025515A EP1696705B1 EP 1696705 B1 EP1696705 B1 EP 1696705B1 EP 20050025515 EP20050025515 EP 20050025515 EP 05025515 A EP05025515 A EP 05025515A EP 1696705 B1 EP1696705 B1 EP 1696705B1
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- layers
- layer
- heating element
- surface area
- large surface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
Definitions
- the invention relates to a large-area heating element of small thickness, in particular a Garofenheizelement.
- a Garofenheizelement which has a substrate made of steel, which has on one side a layer of dielectric enamel, which in turn carries a heating layer, and may be provided on the other side with a different insulating layer.
- a disadvantage of this is on the one hand, the relatively low isolation and, secondly, the relatively low dimensional stability during the baking of the layers, which in particular has a low substrate thickness.
- the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a large-scale heating element of small thickness that high demands complies with the insulation and remains dimensionally stable at least when baking the layers.
- the dielectric first layers of the first pair serve both for electrical insulation and to ensure dimensional stability during firing
- the second layers of the second pair provide additional electrical insulation
- the third layers of the second pair provide additional dimensional stability while the overall thickness of the heating element is small branding.
- the substrate may be made of steel, in particular of enamellable steel, preferably of low-carbon steel. In particular, it has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, in particular of at least 0.8 mm, preferably of at least 1 mm. Of course, larger thicknesses, for example, 1.5 mm are possible.
- Bonding layers in particular nickel layers, may be arranged between the substrate and the dielectric first layers.
- the dielectric first layers of the at least one first pair are in particular arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another, wherein they preferably completely cover both outer surfaces of the substrate.
- the dielectric first layers of the at least one first pair have in particular the same coefficient of expansion and / or the same thickness, in particular a thickness in the range from 30 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m, preferably from 30 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. They are preferably made of the same material, in particular of dielectric enamel. They are too preferably baked simultaneously under the same conditions. Finally, in particular, only a first pair of dielectric first layers is provided.
- the second and the third layer of the at least one second pair can likewise be arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to one another and in particular completely cover both outer surfaces of the dielectric first layers.
- the dielectric second layer of the at least one second pair is preferably made of dielectric enamel, the third layer of the at least second pair in particular of conventional enamel, in particular black enamel.
- At least two second pairs are preferably provided, the second layers lying on top of each other and the third layers lying on top of each other.
- the second layers have, in particular, a thickness in the range of 120 ⁇ m to 180 ⁇ m, preferably 120 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m
- the third layers in particular a thickness in the range of 120 ⁇ m to 180 ⁇ m, preferably 140 ⁇ m to 160 ⁇ m.
- the second dielectric layer and the third layer of a second pair may be baked simultaneously under the same conditions.
- the heating fourth layer is preferably made of a resistance material, in particular of silver. It preferably has a thickness of 7 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m.
- a protective fifth layer is provided on it, which in particular has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, preferably of approximately 20 ⁇ m.
- the first and / or second and / or third and / or fourth and / or fifth layers are preferably printed.
- the large-area heating element has in particular dimensions between 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and 700 mm ⁇ 700 mm, preferably between 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm and 500 mm and 500 mm.
- the application and drying is done in particular page by page.
- the base is a preferably flat rectangular sheet 1 of low carbon steel having a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, preferably about 1 mm, and an area in the range of 100 mm x 100 mm to 700 mm x 700 mm, for example, 500 x 500 mm.
- On both sides of this sheet can be a Haftverstärkungs- or primer layer of 1 g / m 2 nickel, not shown, to better absorb the subsequent layers 2 on both sides of the sheet can.
- each of the two individual layers 2 consists in particular of dielectric enamel having a thickness in the range of about 30 microns to 50 microns, wherein the first layer 2 printed on a first page and dried and the second layer 2 printed after page change on the other side and dried and then both layers 2 are baked together.
- the printing takes place in particular by means of screen printing, the simultaneous baking at temperatures in the range of 780 ° C to 835 ° C, preferably at 800 ° C.
- the crucial basis is created that the sheet 1 during firing not only the layers 2, but also all subsequent layers (due to different thermal expansion coefficients) does not warp, not from its original flat shape differs.
- these mutually identical layers 2 may also consist of other dielectric material. It is crucial that at least the layers 2 the same baking temperatures and after baking the same thicknesses so that they can be baked at the same time in a baking process.
- one of the layers here one of the layers of the same material forming the total layer 3 consists of conventional black enamel
- the other layer here one of the layers of the same material forming the total layer 4 consists of dielectric enamel.
- Layers of the same material are thus always on top of each other, in this case three layers of dielectric enamel on one side of the sheet 1 and three layers of black enamel on the other side of the sheet 1.
- the production of the layers 3 and 4 is based on the production of the layers 2, in which case the first layer of the total layer 3 printed on a first page and dried and the first layer of the total layer 4 is printed after side change on the other side and dried and Subsequently, both layers are baked together, followed in the same way followed by printing, drying and baking of the other layers of the total layers 3 and 4, so that this is repeated three times in total layers formed from three layers.
- the printing is again carried out by screen printing, the simultaneous baking again at temperatures in the range of 780 ° C to 835 ° C.
- the thickness of the total layer 3 of black enamel is in the range of 140 microns to 160 microns, the thickness of the total layer 4 of dielectric enamel in the range of 120 microns to 160 microns. Among other things, the thickness depends on the consistency of the enamel paste to be printed and the mesh size of the screen.
- a resistance heating layer 5 of, in particular, silver is applied, which may have all the geometries customary for film heaters, for example annular, meandering or even full-surface geometries.
- the printing is done by screen printing, while the baking takes place at temperatures of about 635 ° C.
- the thickness is in the range of 7 microns to 10 microns.
- the lovedsteiltik 5 may be covered with a scratch-resistant protective layer 6, which is printed by screen printing and fired at temperatures in the range of 600 ° C to 630 ° C. Its thickness is about 20 microns.
- Such a layer structure contributes to a large-area heating element H of small thickness, which meets the electrical safety requirements of IEC 60335-2 for stationary heating elements of the class I.
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- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein großflächiges Heizelement geringer Dicke, insbesondere ein Garofenheizelement.The invention relates to a large-area heating element of small thickness, in particular a Garofenheizelement.
Aus der
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein großflächiges Heizelement von geringer Dicke zu schaffen, dass hohen Anforderungen an die Isolation genügt und zumindest beim Einbrennen der Schichten formstabil bleibt.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a large-scale heating element of small thickness that high demands complies with the insulation and remains dimensionally stable at least when baking the layers.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 23 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of
Während die dielektrischen ersten Schichten des ersten Paares sowohl der elektrischen Isolation als auch der Sicherung der Formstabilität beim Einbrennen dienen, gewährleisten die zweiten Schichten des zweiten Paares eine zusätzliche elektrische Isolation und die dritten Schichten des zweiten Paares bei insgesamt geringer Gesamtdicke des Heizelements eine zusätzliche Formstabilität beim Einbrennen.While the dielectric first layers of the first pair serve both for electrical insulation and to ensure dimensional stability during firing, the second layers of the second pair provide additional electrical insulation and the third layers of the second pair provide additional dimensional stability while the overall thickness of the heating element is small branding.
Das Substrat kann aus Stahl, insbesondere aus emaillierfähigem Stahl, vorzugsweise aus Niedrigkohlenstoffstahl bestehen. Es weist insbesondere eine Dicke von wenigstens 0,5 mm, insbesondere von wenigstens 0,8 mm, vorzugsweise von wenigstens 1 mm auf. Selbstverständlich sind auch größere Dicken, beispielsweise 1,5 mm möglich.The substrate may be made of steel, in particular of enamellable steel, preferably of low-carbon steel. In particular, it has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, in particular of at least 0.8 mm, preferably of at least 1 mm. Of course, larger thicknesses, for example, 1.5 mm are possible.
Zwischen dem Substrat und den dielektrischen ersten Schichten können Haftvermittlungsschichten, insbesondere Nickelschichten, angeordnet sein.Bonding layers, in particular nickel layers, may be arranged between the substrate and the dielectric first layers.
Die dielektrischen ersten Schichten des wenigstens einen ersten Paares sind insbesondere spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander angeordnet, wobei sie vorzugsweise beide Außenflächen des Substrates vollständig bedecken. Die dielektrischen ersten Schichten des wenigstens einen ersten Paares weisen insbesondere denselben Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und/oder dieselbe Dicke, insbesondere eine Dicke im Bereich von 30 µm bis 70 µm, vorzugsweise von 30 µm bis 50 µm auf. Sie bestehen vorzugsweise aus demselben Material, insbesondere aus dielektrischem Emaille. Auch sind sie vorzugsweise unter denselben Bedingungen gleichzeitig eingebrannt. Schließlich ist insbesondere nur ein erstes Paar dielektrischer erster Schichten vorgesehen.The dielectric first layers of the at least one first pair are in particular arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another, wherein they preferably completely cover both outer surfaces of the substrate. The dielectric first layers of the at least one first pair have in particular the same coefficient of expansion and / or the same thickness, in particular a thickness in the range from 30 μm to 70 μm, preferably from 30 μm to 50 μm. They are preferably made of the same material, in particular of dielectric enamel. They are too preferably baked simultaneously under the same conditions. Finally, in particular, only a first pair of dielectric first layers is provided.
Die zweite und die dritte Schicht des wenigstens einen zweiten Paares können ebenfalls spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander angeordnet sein und insbesondere beide Außenflächen der dielektrischen ersten Schichten vollständig bedecken.The second and the third layer of the at least one second pair can likewise be arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to one another and in particular completely cover both outer surfaces of the dielectric first layers.
Die dielektrische zweite Schicht des wenigstens einen zweiten Paares besteht vorzugsweise aus dielektrischem Emaille, die dritte Schicht des wenigstens zweiten Paares insbesondere aus konventionellem Emaille, insbesondere aus Schwarzemaille.The dielectric second layer of the at least one second pair is preferably made of dielectric enamel, the third layer of the at least second pair in particular of conventional enamel, in particular black enamel.
Es sind vorzugsweise wenigstens zwei zweite Paare, insbesondere drei zweite Paare, vorgesehen, wobei die zweiten Schichten aufeinander liegen und die dritten Schichten aufeinander liegen. Die zweiten Schichten weisen insbesondere eine Dicke im Bereich von insgesamt 120 µm bis 180 µm, vorzugsweise 120 µm bis 150 µm auf, die dritten Schichten insbesondere eine Dicke im Bereich von insgesamt 120 µm bis 180µm, vorzugsweise 140 µm bis 160 µm. Die dielektrische zweite Schicht und die dritte Schicht eines zweiten Paares können wiederum unter denselben Bedingungen gleichzeitig eingebrannt sein.At least two second pairs, in particular three second pairs, are preferably provided, the second layers lying on top of each other and the third layers lying on top of each other. The second layers have, in particular, a thickness in the range of 120 μm to 180 μm, preferably 120 μm to 150 μm, the third layers in particular a thickness in the range of 120 μm to 180 μm, preferably 140 μm to 160 μm. Again, the second dielectric layer and the third layer of a second pair may be baked simultaneously under the same conditions.
Die heizende vierte Schicht besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Widerstandsmaterial, insbesondere aus Silber. Sie weist vorzugsweise eine Dicke von 7 µm bis 10 µm auf. Auf ihr ist insbesondere eine schützende fünfte Schicht vorgesehen, die insbesondere eine Dicke von 20 µm bis 30 µm, vorzugsweise von etwa 20 µm, aufweist.The heating fourth layer is preferably made of a resistance material, in particular of silver. It preferably has a thickness of 7 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m. In particular, a protective fifth layer is provided on it, which in particular has a thickness of 20 μm to 30 μm, preferably of approximately 20 μm.
Die ersten und/oder zweiten und/oder dritten und/oder vierten und/oder fünften Schichten sind vorzugsweise aufgedruckt.The first and / or second and / or third and / or fourth and / or fifth layers are preferably printed.
Das großflächige Heizelement besitzt insbesondere Abmessungen zwischen 100 mm x 100 mm und 700 mm x 700 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 300 mm x 300 mm und 500 mm und 500 mm.The large-area heating element has in particular dimensions between 100 mm × 100 mm and 700 mm × 700 mm, preferably between 300 mm × 300 mm and 500 mm and 500 mm.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung großflächiger Heizelemente, insbesondere der vorbeschriebenen, weist folgende Verfahrensschritte auf:
- Auf die beiden Seiten eines aus Metallblech bestehenden Substrates wird ein erstes Paar identischer dielektrischer erster Schichten aufgebracht, gegebenenfalls getrocknet und schließlich unter denselben Bedingungen gleichzeitig eingebrannt,
- auf das erste Paar identischer dielektrischer Schichten wird ein zweites Paar aus einer dielektrischen zweiten Schicht und einer dritten Schicht, die von der zweiten Schicht unterschiedlich sein kann, aufgebracht, gegebenenfalls getrocknet und schließlich unter denselben Bedingungen gleichzeitig eingebrannt,
- auf das zweite Paar wird ein weiteres zweites Paar aufgebracht, indem die zweiten Schichten auf die zweiten Schichten und die dritten Schichten auf die dritten Schichten aufgebracht, gegebenenfalls getrocknet und anschließend unter denselben Bedingungen gleichzeitig eingebrannt werden, wobei dies wenigstens ein weiteres mal wiederholt werden kann,
- auf die jeweils äußere dielektrische zweite Schicht wird schließlich eine heizende oder einen Heizwiderstand bildende vierte Schicht aufgebracht.
- A first pair of identical dielectric first layers are applied to the two sides of a sheet metal substrate, optionally dried, and finally baked simultaneously under the same conditions,
- on the first pair of identical dielectric layers, a second pair of a dielectric second layer and a third layer, which may be different from the second layer, is applied, optionally dried, and finally baked simultaneously under the same conditions,
- another second pair is applied to the second pair by applying the second layers to the second layers and the third layers to the third layers, optionally dried and then baked simultaneously under the same conditions, which can be repeated at least once more,
- On the outer dielectric second layer is finally applied a heating or a heating resistor forming fourth layer.
Das Aufbringen und Trocknen erfolgt insbesondere seitenweise.The application and drying is done in particular page by page.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die zugehörige schematische Zeichnung zeigt den Schichtaufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizelementes H.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment. The accompanying schematic drawing shows the layer structure of a heating element H.
Die Basis ist ein vorzugsweise ebenes rechteckiges Blech 1 aus kohlenstoffarmem Stahl mit einer Dicke im Bereich von 0,5 bis 1,5 mm, vorzugsweise etwa 1 mm, und einer Fläche im Bereich von 100 mm x 100 mm bis 700 mm x 700 mm, beispielsweise 500 x 500 mm. Auf diesem Blech kann sich beidseitig eine nicht dargestellte Haftverstärkungs- oder Haftvermittlungsschicht aus 1g/m2 Nickel befinden, um die auf beiden Seiten des Bleches nachfolgenden Schichten 2 besser aufnehmen zu können.The base is a preferably flat
Diese unmittelbar nachfolgenden Schichten 2 nehmen je Seite die gesamte Außenfläche des Bleches 1 ein. Sie sind untereinander identisch ausgebildet und gleichzeitig auf identische Weise erzeugt. Jede der beiden Einzelschichten 2 besteht insbesondere aus dielektrischem Emaille mit einer Dicke im Bereich von etwa 30 µm bis 50 µm, wobei die erste Schicht 2 auf einer ersten Seite aufgedruckt und getrocknet und die zweite Schicht 2 nach Seitenwechsel auf der anderen Seite aufgedruckt und getrocknet wird und anschließend beide Schichten 2 gemeinsam eingebrannt werden. Das Aufdrucken erfolgt insbesondere mittels Siebdruck, das gleichzeitige Einbrennen bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 780°C bis 835°C, vorzugsweise bei 800°C.These immediately following
Mit dem gleichzeitigen Einbrennen der untereinander identischen Schichten 2 ist die entscheidende Basis dafür geschaffen, dass sich das Blech 1 beim Einbrennen nicht nur der Schichten 2, sondern auch aller nachfolgenden Schichten (aufgrund unterschiedlicher thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizienten) nicht verzieht, also nicht von seiner ursprünglich ebenen Form abweicht. Selbstverständlich können diese untereinander identischem Schichten 2 auch aus anderem dielektrischen Material bestehen. Entscheidend ist, dass zumindest die Schichten 2 die gleichen Einbrenntemperaturen und nach dem Einbrennen die gleichen Dicken besitzen, so dass sie gleichzeitig in einem Einbrennvorgang eingebrannt werden können.With the simultaneous firing of mutually
Im Interesse einer hohen elektrischen Isolation bei gleichzeitig guter Formstabilität des Heizelementes H schließen sich an das eine Paar von Schichten 2 nach außen hin weitere Paare von Schichten an, die jedoch je Paar von unterschiedlichem Material sind. So besteht beispielsweise eine der Schichten, hier eine der die Gesamtschicht 3 bildenden Schichten gleichen Materials, aus konventionellem Schwarzemaille, während die andere Schicht, hier eine der die Gesamtschicht 4 bildenden Schichten gleichen Materials, aus dielektrischem Emaille besteht. Schichten gleichen Materials liegen damit immer aufeinander, in diesem Falle drei Schichten dielektrisches Emaille auf einer Seite des Bleches 1 und drei Schichten Schwarzemaille auf der andere Seite des Bleches 1.In the interest of high electrical insulation combined with good dimensional stability of the heating element H, further pairs of layers adjoin the one pair of
Die Herstellung der Schichten 3 und 4 erfolgt in Anlehnung an die Herstellung der Schichten 2, wobei hier die erste Schicht der Gesamtschicht 3 auf einer ersten Seite aufgedruckt und getrocknet und die erste Schicht der Gesamtschicht 4 nach Seitenwechsel auf der anderen Seite aufgedruckt und getrocknet wird und anschließend beide Schichten gemeinsam eingebrannt werden, woran sich auf gleiche Weise das Aufdrucken, Trocknen und Einbrennen der weiteren Schichten der Gesamtschichten 3 und 4 anschließt, so dass sich dies bei aus drei Schichten gebildeten Gesamtschichten 3 und 4 drei Mal wiederholt. Das Aufdrucken erfolgt wiederum mit Siebdruck, das gleichzeitige Einbrennen wiederum bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 780°C bis 835°C. Die Dicke der Gesamtschicht 3 aus Schwarzemaille liegt im Bereich von 140 µm bis 160 µm, die Dicke der Gesamtschicht 4 aus dielektrischem Emaille im Bereich von 120 µm bis 160 µm. Die Dicken sind unter anderem abhängig von der Konsistenz der zu druckenden Emaille-Paste und der Maschenweite des Siebes.The production of the
Auf der obersten der die Gesamtschicht 4 bildenden Schichten aus dielektrischem Emaille ist eine Widerstandsheizschicht 5 aus insbesondere Silber aufgebracht, die alle für Filmheizungen üblichen Geometrien aufweisen kann, beispielsweise kreisringförmige, mäanderförmige oder auch vollflächige Geometrien. Wie schon zuvor, erfolgt das Aufdrucken mittels Siebdruck, während das Einbrennen bei Temperaturen von etwa 635 °C erfolgt. Die Dicke liegt im Bereich von 7 µm bis 10 µm.On the top of the layers of dielectric enamel forming the
Die Widerstandsheizschicht 5 kann mit einer kratzfesten Schutzschicht 6 abgedeckt sein, die mittels Siebdruck aufgedruckt und bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 600 °C bis 630 °C gebrannt ist. Ihre Dicke liegt bei etwa 20 µm.The
Ein derartiger Schichtaufbau trägt zu einem großflächigen Heizelement H geringer Dicke bei, das die elektrischen Sicherheitsanforderungen der IEC 60335-2 für stationäre Heizelemente der lasse I erfüllt.Such a layer structure contributes to a large-area heating element H of small thickness, which meets the electrical safety requirements of IEC 60335-2 for stationary heating elements of the class I.
Claims (27)
- Large surface area heating element of low thickness, in particular cooking oven heating element, having- a substrate (1) formed from sheet metal,- at least one first pair of dielectric first layers (2), which are designed and distributed on both outer surfaces of the metallic substrate (1) such that the latter is not deformed at least during heating which effects the stoving of the layers (2),- at least one second pair of a dielectric second layer (4) and a third layer (3) which is different from the second layer (4), which are distributed on both first layers (2) of the first pair, and- a heating fourth layer (5), which is applied to the particular outer dielectric second layer (4),characterised in that- further second pairs of layers are connected to the first pair of first layers, each pair being of different material.
- Large surface area heating element according to claim 1, in which the substrate (1) consists of steel, in particular of steel which can be enamelled, preferably of low-carbon steel.
- Large surface area heating element according to claim 1 or 2, in which the substrate (1) has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, in particular of at least 0.8 mm, preferably of at least 1 mm.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which adhesion-promoting layers or adhesion-reinforcing layers, in particular nickel layers, are arranged between the substrate (1) and the dielectric first layers (2).
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the dielectric first layers (2) of the at least one first pair are arranged in mirror symmetry to one another and in particular completely cover both outer surfaces of the substrate (1).
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the dielectric first layers (2) of the at least one first pair have the same coefficients of expansion.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the dielectric first layers (2) of the at least one first pair have the same thickness, in particular a thickness in the range from 30 µm to 70 µm, preferably from 30 µm to 50 µm.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which the dielectric first layers (2) of the at least one first pair consist of the same material, in particular of dielectric enamel.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which the dielectric first layers (2) of the at least one first pair are stoved simultaneously under the same conditions.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which only a first pair of dielectric first layers (2) is provided.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 10, in which the second and the third layer (4, 3) of the at least one second pair are arranged in mirror symmetry to one another and in particular completely cover both outer surfaces of the dielectric first layers (2).
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 11, in which the dielectric second layer (4) of the at least one second pair consists of dielectric enamel.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 12, in which the third layer (3) of the at least second pair consists of conventional enamel, in particular of black enamel.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 13, in which at least two second pairs, in particular three second pairs, are provided, wherein the second layers (4) lie one on another and the third layers (3) lie one on another.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the second layers (4) have a thickness in the range from in total 120 µm to 180 µm, in particular 120 µm to 150 µm.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 15, in which the third layers (3) have a thickness in the range from in total 120 µm to 180 µm, in particular 140 µm to 160 µm.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 16, in which the dielectric second layer (4) and the third layer (3) of a second pair are stoved simultaneously under the same conditions.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 17, in which the heating fourth layer (5) consists of a high-resistivity material, in particular of silver.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 18, in which the heating fourth layer (5) has a thickness of 7 µm to 10 µm.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 19, in which a protective fifth layer (6) is provided, which is applied to the heating fourth layer (5).
- Large surface area heating element according to claim 20, in which the protective fifth layer (6) has a thickness of 20 µm to 30 µm, in particular of about 20 µm.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 21, in which the first and/or second and/or third and/or fourth and/or fifth layers (2, 4, 3, 5, 6) are printed on.
- Large surface area heating element according to one of claims 1 to 22, having dimensions between 100 mm x 100 mm and 700 mm x 700 mm, in particular between 300 mm x 300 mm and 500 mm and 500 mm.
- Process for producing large surface area heating elements, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 23, in which- a first pair of identical dielectric first layers (2) is applied to the two sides of a substrate (1) consisting of sheet metal, optionally dried and finally stoved simultaneously under the same conditions,- a second pair of a dielectric second layer (4) and a third layer (3), which may be different from the second layer (4), is applied to the first pair of identical dielectric layers (2), optionally dried and finally stoved simultaneously under the same conditions,- a further second pair is applied to the second pair, in that the second layers (4) are applied to the second layers (4) and the third layers (3) to the third layers (3), optionally dried and then stoved simultaneously under the same conditions, wherein this may be repeated at least one further time, and- a heating fourth layer (5) is applied to the particular outer dielectric second layer (4).
- Process according to claim 24, in which a protective fifth layer (6) is applied to the heating fourth layer (5).
- Process according to claim 24 or 25, in which the application of the first and/or second and/or third and/or fourth and/or fifth layer(s) (2, 4, 3, 5, 6) is effected by printing, in particular screen printing.
- Process according to one of claims 24 to 26, in which the application and drying is effected side by side.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200510008903 DE102005008903A1 (en) | 2005-02-26 | 2005-02-26 | Large-area heating element of small thickness, in particular Garofenheizelement |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1696705A1 EP1696705A1 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
| EP1696705B1 true EP1696705B1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
Family
ID=36218307
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20050025515 Expired - Lifetime EP1696705B1 (en) | 2005-02-26 | 2005-11-23 | Flat heating element of small thickness, in particular for cooking oven |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1696705B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE102005008903A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008010343A1 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2009-01-02 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Water heating device i.e. flow-type heater, for e.g. dishwasher, has metal base for supporting isolation layer, where device at side of base for direct laminar contact with water is provided with single-layer or two-layered enamel layer |
| BE1019697A3 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-10-02 | Polyvision N V | HEATING ELEMENT. |
| GB2576895B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2021-02-17 | Ferro Tech Bv | Thick film resistor |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1146991B (en) * | 1959-04-13 | 1963-04-11 | Therm O Lab Corp | Electric heating element |
| US3694627A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1972-09-26 | Whirlpool Co | Heating element & method of making |
| DE3536268A1 (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-04-16 | Bayer Ag | SURFACE HEATING ELEMENTS |
| IT1218221B (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1990-04-12 | Bayer Ag | HIGH TEMPERATURE HEATING SYSTEMS AND METHOD TO PRODUCE THEM |
| AU619128B2 (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 1992-01-16 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Method of manufacturing enameling steel sheet excellent in adhesiveness |
| US5932128A (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 1999-08-03 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Switching control system for heating panel with leakage current cancellation |
| FR2803481B1 (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2002-09-13 | Acso Agence Commerciale Second | RADIATION HEATING APPARATUS |
| US6225608B1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-05-01 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Circular film heater |
-
2005
- 2005-02-26 DE DE200510008903 patent/DE102005008903A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-23 DE DE200550002826 patent/DE502005002826D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-11-23 EP EP20050025515 patent/EP1696705B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE502005002826D1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| DE102005008903A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
| EP1696705A1 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
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