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EP1680213A1 - Pressurised water releasing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant - Google Patents

Pressurised water releasing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant

Info

Publication number
EP1680213A1
EP1680213A1 EP04791465A EP04791465A EP1680213A1 EP 1680213 A1 EP1680213 A1 EP 1680213A1 EP 04791465 A EP04791465 A EP 04791465A EP 04791465 A EP04791465 A EP 04791465A EP 1680213 A1 EP1680213 A1 EP 1680213A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stage
expansion
orifice
nozzle
orifices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04791465A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1680213B1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Vion
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Suez International SAS
Original Assignee
Degremont SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degremont SA filed Critical Degremont SA
Priority to PL04791465T priority Critical patent/PL1680213T3/en
Priority to SI200430309T priority patent/SI1680213T1/en
Publication of EP1680213A1 publication Critical patent/EP1680213A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1680213B1 publication Critical patent/EP1680213B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/24—Pneumatic
    • B03D1/242—Nozzles for injecting gas into the flotation tank

Definitions

  • Pressurized water expansion nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant Pressurized water expansion nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant.
  • the present invention relates to an expansion nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation cell.
  • Flotation therefore constitutes a clarification technology (solid / liquid separation) which is an alternative to decantation at least for certain types of water.
  • the water is mixed with a "milk” (emulsion) of microbubbles generally of air (having a mean diameter of between 30 to 80 ⁇ m).
  • milk emulsion
  • microbubbles cling to the flocs, which, in this way lightened, tend to rise towards the surface of the flotation cell where they accumulate to form a slick or bed of sludge.
  • the sludge is extracted at the surface of float, while the clarified water is discharged through the bottom of the device.
  • a floc To be physically separated from the water in a decanter, a floc must be dense and large. But to be separated by flotation, it suffices that the said floc be formed; he can be small and very light. Flocculation can therefore be simplified, hence the almost complete absence of polymer for the flotation treatment of lightly watered waters and the implementation of flocculation reactors smaller than those of settling tanks.
  • microbubble generators must produce microbubbles of very small diameter with energy dissipated in the medium compatible with the fragility of the floc.
  • microbubbles are particularly adapted in number and quality.
  • This article refers in particular to nozzles characterized by: a double trigger (WRC and DWL nozzle) or a simple detent (NIWR) - a detente followed a speed damping chamber (NIWR and DWL) - - a trigger followed by a diverging section to slow down the. speed (hereinafter called nozzle "B").
  • WRC nozzle is described in particular in FR-P-1 444 026.
  • this stage carrying most of the relaxation, this "stage being designed as a diaphragm, an intermediate transfer chamber and expansion in which the gas (for example air) is almost desorbed through the first expansion stage and the turbulence prevailing in this chamber.
  • the height of this chamber is relatively important.For example in the patent cited above, it is stated that this height is equal to the diameter of the orifice of the second expansion stage - a second expansion stage actually realizing the transfer of a high energy zone to a zone
  • This stage is in the form of a diaphragm whose orifice has a diameter which is always greater than that of the orifice of the first expansion stage and preferably 2 times larger.
  • the invention proposes to provide a new nozzle to obtain on industrial installations (nozzles with large capacities> 500 1 / h) unexpectedly high hydraulic performances, and in particular an operation at more than 30 m / h instead of 20 m / h with the nozzle "B" According to the prior art.
  • this invention relates to a water expansion nozzle pressurized for 'generating microbubbles in a flotation installation comprising a first' expansion stage, an intermediate transfer chamber, a second expansion stage and an outlet tube, this nozzle characterized in that: the first expansion stage performs a pre-expansion by absorbing from 5 to 20% of the available pressure; the second expansion stage, which achieves most of the trigger, moves the pressurized water saturation pressure at the * nozzle outlet pressure; the intermediate chamber is a transit chamber in which the pressurized water approaches saturation pressure by absorbing 5 to 30% of the available pressure and - the outlet tube constitutes a brutal expansion tube and containment cavitation, its minimum length substantially corresponding to the distance separating the end of said second stage-side expansion tube from the point of joining of the jets on the walls of the tube, with an angle of divergence of the jets, before gluing, between 3 and 12 °, preferably between 6 and 9 °.
  • the first and second expansion stages are in the form of a diaphragm having one or more orifices of any shape, the hydraulic diameter of the orifice of the first stage, or the equivalent orifice if this stage has several orifices, being greater than the hydraulic diameter of the orifice of the second stage, or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several.
  • the expansion di is performed by means of a valve, a baffle or other flow restriction device.
  • the intermediate or transit chamber has a height, that is to say a distance separating the first expansion stage of the second stage which is smaller than the diameter of the orifice of the first expansion (Or the equivalent orifice if this stage has several orifices), preferably equal to half of this diameter.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing, in vertical axial section a nozzle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 relates to laboratory experiments and illustrates the results provided by the invention compared to those obtained using nozzles according to the prior art mentioned above
  • FIG. 3 shows industrial data which illustrate the results provided by the invention compared to those obtained with the aid of the nozzles according to this prior art.
  • the nozzle according to the present invention comprises a first expansion stage 1 realized here, in the form of a diaphragm having an orifice of diameter d1, an intermediate or transfer chamber 3, a second stage 2 having two or more orifices (the equivalent hydraulic diameter of these orifices being equal to d2), and an outlet tube 4.
  • a first expansion stage 1 realized here, in the form of a diaphragm having an orifice of diameter d1, an intermediate or transfer chamber 3, a second stage 2 having two or more orifices (the equivalent hydraulic diameter of these orifices being equal to d2), and an outlet tube 4.
  • the diaphragm constituting the expansion of a stage may comprise one or more orifices. If it comprises several orifices (as is the case with the second expansion stage 2 of this embodiment), the hydraulic diameter d (that is to say d2 in this embodiment) is the equivalent diameter of an orifice whose surface is equal to the sum of the surfaces of the orifices of this diaphragm.
  • the first expansion stage 1 performs a simple pre-expansion, the objective being that upstream of the second expansion stage 2, the pressure is close to the saturation pressure of the pressurized water.
  • the hydraulic diameter d1 of the orifice of the flow restricting system constituting this first stage 1 is greater than that of the hydraulic diameter d2 of the orifice of the diaphragm constituting the second stage 2 (or of the equivalent orifice when this diaphragm comprises several orifices as is the case of the embodiment illustrated by FIG. 1).
  • d1 is 1.5 d2.
  • the pressure drop is of the order of 5 to 35%, preferably of the order of 15%.
  • the gas in particular air
  • the height of the chamber 3 must be smaller than the equivalent hydraulic diameter of the orifice of the flow restriction system of the first expansion stage 1 this height e being the distance separating the two stages of relaxation as can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • This intermediate transfer chamber 3 constitutes a transit chamber making it possible to approach saturation.
  • the - pressure drop obtained in this chamber 3 is of the order of 5 to 30%.
  • the second expansion stage, 2 is, according to the present invention, the only effective expansion that passes the pressurized water from the saturation pressure to the outlet pressure of the nozzle (nozzle immersion height).
  • the hydraulic diameter d2 of the orifice (or of the equivalent orifice) of the diaphragm constituting this stage 2 is always smaller than that of the first stage 1 and preferably about 1.5 times -more small.
  • the pressure drop obtained by this second expansion stage 2 is of the order of 60 to 90%, preferably 70%. The goal is to concentrate in ' one point the entire relaxation and generation of microbubbles.
  • This second expansion stage 2 is brutally enlarged, the angle of. outlet of the orifices of the diaphragm constituting it being flat (180 °) or between 90 and 270 °.
  • this length L is a function of the diameter of the tube and essentially the distance between the outer wall of the jet or jets and the inner wall of the tube.
  • the minimum length L of the tube 4 corresponds substantially to the distance separating the end of said tube on the second expansion stage 2 from the point of joining of the jets on the walls. of the tube, with an angle ⁇ of divergence of the jets., before gluing, between 3 and 12 °, preferably between 6 and 9 °.
  • the diaphragm constituting the second expansion stage 2 comprises either a single central orifice of any shape (circular, square, rectangular, elliptical), or several orifices located equidistant from the center of the diaphragm.
  • the tube may terminate with a trumpet-shaped end divergent 5 so as to improve performance and reduce the output speed.
  • This feature brings two advantages: - Better adhesion of the liquid or veins and thus a better closure of the cavitation zone, - Slow nozzle output speeds compatible with the mechanical strength of the flocs.
  • This type of embodiment makes it possible to generate more large bubbles than the WRC nozzles, but the microbubbles are thinner.
  • nozzles About fifty nozzles were tested. These nozzles were derived from the following types:
  • B having a trigger followed by a diverging section to slow the speed
  • WRC-type nozzles which have been described above, and nozzles of the present invention; designated by the reference DGT.
  • the curves illustrated in FIG. 2 visualize the results obtained in turbidity of the milk of microbubbles and in% of large bubbles.
  • the best nozzle is normally the nozzle that generates the least large bubbles and has the most dense milk.
  • the results show that: - the WRC nozzles generate few large bubbles but the density of the micro-bubble milk is low.
  • the nozzles B and DGT (according to the invention) generate more large bubbles and paradoxically have a more dense milk.
  • the DGT nozzle according to the present invention is more efficient than the nozzle B on the two parameters.
  • the figures associated with the DGT nozzles correspond to the lengths L in mm of the tubes 4 provided with a trumpet end 5 (black squares). It is verified that a length insufficient 25 mm does not allow to generate a dense milk. It is necessary to have a length of at least 35 mm so that the liquid veins glue on the walls and ultimately get a quality milk. Given the fact that the diaphragm constituting the second expansion stage 2 had 3 orifices, the diffusion angle ⁇ of the jet to reattach to the wall in 35 mm is between 6 to 9 ° (12 to 18 ° in the center). too large length increases the amount of large bubbles probably by friction. The quality of the milk tends to decrease.
  • the best nozzles seem to be the improved WRC + nozzle (low amount of large bubbles and correct turbidity) and the DGT 35 and DGT 65 nozzles (high milk density despite a high rate of large bubbles).
  • the hydraulic diameter d1 of the orifice of the first expansion stage 1 or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several orifices may be between 1.6 and 1.1 times the diameter of the orifice of the second expansion stage or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several orifices.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Abstract

The inventive nozzle comprises a first releasing stage (1) for producing a pre-release by absorbing from 5 to 20% of available pressure, a second releasing stage (2) wherein a substantial release is carried out and the pressurised water passes from a saturation pressure to an output nozzle pressure, an intermediate chamber (3) in the form of a transition chamber in which the pressurised water approaches the saturation pressure by absorbing from 5 to 30% of the available pressure and an outlet tube (3) consisting of a sudden release and cavitation confinement tube whose minimum length (1) substantially corresponds to a distance separating the end of said tube on the second release stage side from a readhesion point of jets to the tube wall at the angle of divergence (alpha) thereof ranging from 3 to 12 DEG before readhesion.

Description

Buse de détente d'eau pressurisée pour générer des microbulles dans une installation de flottation.Pressurized water expansion nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant.
La présente invention concerne une buse de détente pour générer des microbulles dans une cellule de flottation.The present invention relates to an expansion nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation cell.
On connaît des installations de traitement d'eaux comportant une cellule de flottation dans laquelle est admise l'eau brute, préalablement floculee puis mélangée à de l'eau pressurisée et détendue de façon que les matières en suspension contenues dans, l'eau brute soient entraînées par les microbulles résultant de cette détente, puis évacuées, sous forme de boues, à la surface du liquide contenu dans la cellule, l'eau traitée étant évacuée par le fond de cette cellule. Une telle installation est décrite notamment dans EP-A-0 659 690 et dans WO 03/064326.There are known water treatment plants comprising a flotation cell in which the raw water is admitted, previously flocculated and then mixed with pressurized water and relaxed so that the suspended matter contained in the raw water are entrained by the microbubbles resulting from this expansion, and then discharged, in the form of sludge, to the surface of the liquid contained in the cell, the treated water being discharged from the bottom of this cell. Such an installation is described in particular in EP-A-0 659 690 and in WO 03/064326.
La flottation constitue donc une technologie de clarification (séparation solide/liquide) qui est une alternative à la décantation au moins pour certains types d'eau. ,Flotation therefore constitutes a clarification technology (solid / liquid separation) which is an alternative to decantation at least for certain types of water. ,
Selon cette technologie rappelée ci-dessus, après l'étape de coagulation-floculation, l'eau est mélangée avec un « lait » (émulsion) de microbulles généralement d'air (présentant un diamètre moyen compris entre 30 à 80μm) .Ces microbulles s'accrochent aux flocs qui, de la sorte allégés, ont tendance à monter vers la surface de la cellule de flottation où ils s'accumulent pour former une nappe ou lit de boues. Ainsi qu'on l'a mentionné ci- dessus,' les boues sont extraites en surface du flottateur, alors que l'eau clarifiée est évacuée par le fond de 1 ' appareil .According to this technology mentioned above, after the coagulation-flocculation step, the water is mixed with a "milk" (emulsion) of microbubbles generally of air (having a mean diameter of between 30 to 80 μm). These microbubbles cling to the flocs, which, in this way lightened, tend to rise towards the surface of the flotation cell where they accumulate to form a slick or bed of sludge. As has been mentioned above, "the sludge is extracted at the surface of float, while the clarified water is discharged through the bottom of the device.
Une partie de cette eau clarifiée (en général de l'ordre de 10 % de l'eau à traiter) est pompée à 4 ou 6. 105Pa dans un ballon spécifique (dit ballon- de pressurisation) où l'air se dissout en grande quantité (jusqu'à 5 fois la concentration maximale de l'air dans l'eau à la pression atmosphérique) . Lors d'une détente brutale' à la pression atmosphérique, l'eau est placée en condition de sursaturation et génère des microbulles . Cette détente est réalisée par des systèmes statiques dits buses de détente. Ces buses de détente sont placées, dans une zone spécifique où les microbulles sont mélangées à l'eau floculee. """ Part of this clarified water (generally of the order of 10% of the water to be treated) is pumped to 4 or 6. 10 5 Pa in a specific balloon (called pressurization tank) where the air dissolves in large quantities (up to 5 times the maximum concentration of air in the water at atmospheric pressure). During a sudden pressure 'at atmospheric pressure, water is placed in a condition of supersaturation and generates microbubbles. This relaxation is performed by static systems called expansion nozzles. These expansion nozzles are placed in a specific area where the microbubbles are mixed with the flocculated water. """
Pour être physiquement séparé de l'eau dans un décanteur, un floc doit être dense u de grande taille. Or pour être séparé par flottation, il suffit que le dit floc soit formé ; il peut être petit et très léger. La floculation peut donc être simplifiée, d'où l'absence quasi générale de polymère pour le traitement par flottation des eaux peu chargées et la mise en œuvre de réacteurs de floculation plus petits que ceux des décanteurs .To be physically separated from the water in a decanter, a floc must be dense and large. But to be separated by flotation, it suffices that the said floc be formed; he can be small and very light. Flocculation can therefore be simplified, hence the almost complete absence of polymer for the flotation treatment of lightly watered waters and the implementation of flocculation reactors smaller than those of settling tanks.
En contre partie, les générateurs de microbulles doivent produire des microbulles de très petit diamètre avec une énergie dissipée dans le milieu compatible avec la fragilité du floc.On the other hand, microbubble generators must produce microbubbles of very small diameter with energy dissipated in the medium compatible with the fragility of the floc.
Jusqu'à présent, les flottateurs n'ont guère été en situation de concurrencer la génération des décanteurs rapides lamellaires, à lit de boues ou à lest, pour les raisons suivantes : - volume généralement surdimensionné de leur zone de floculation, - vitesses de séparation relativement faibles, coût énergétique de la pressurisation Cependant depuis quelques années apparaissent des flottateurs rapides mettant en • œuvre des modules lamellaires co-courant ou des systèmes de reprise spécifiques. Des vitesses de 20 à 40 m/h sont annoncées. Par ailleurs, les temps- de floculation baissent en raison de l'objectif de floc recherché et des technologies plus performantes mises en œuvre.So far, floats have hardly been in a position to compete with the generation of decanters lamellar fast, sludge bed or ballast, for the following reasons: - generally oversized volume of their flocculation zone, - relatively low separation rates, energy cost of pressurization However, in recent years there have been rapid floaters implementing co-current lamellar modules or specific recovery systems. Speeds of 20 to 40 m / h are announced. In addition, flocculation times decrease due to the desired floc target and the more efficient technologies implemented.
Dans ces conditions de temps de floculation réduit et de vitesses élevées dans le flottateur, la flottation se montre extrêmement compétitive par rapport aux décanteurs. C'est la raison pour laquelle cette technologie fait actuellement un retour en force spécialement en clarification des eaux peu chargées avec des arguments de compacité et de simplicité d'exploitation.In these conditions of reduced flocculation time and high speeds in the float, the flotation is extremely competitive with the decanters. This is why this technology is currently making a comeback force especially in clarification of light water with arguments of compactness and simplicity of operation.
Mais avec des appareils présentant de telles performances en floculation et en vitesse de séparation, il faut que les microbulles soient particulièrement adaptées en nombre et en qualité.But with devices with such performance in flocculation and separation rate, it is necessary that the microbubbles are particularly adapted in number and quality.
Les temps réduits de la floculation exigent des microbulles très fines, la fragilité des flocs demande des énergies de mélange douces, les fortes vitesses de séparation n'admettent pas de défaut de microbulles actives. Ces contraintes ont fait que dans certains cas, les buses de détente classiques, de taille industrielle, n'ont pas permis d'atteindre les performances escomptées. Par exemple sur des pilotes de taille semi-industrielle, des petites buses de détente (100 1/h à 5001/h) permettaient d'atteindre des vitesses de séparation dans la cellule de flottation de 30m/h, alors que sur une installation industrielle équipée de buses de détente plus grosses (1000 à 1500 1/h) la vitesse du flottateur ne pouvait pas dépasser 20 m/h.The reduced times of flocculation require very fine microbubbles, the fragility of the flocs requires gentle mixing energies, the high separation rates do not admit defective active microbubbles. These constraints have made that in some cases, the conventional expansion nozzles, industrial size, have not achieved the desired performance. For example, on semi-industrial pilots, small expansion nozzles (100 1 / h to 5001 / h) made it possible to reach separation rates in the flotation cell of 30m / h, whereas on an industrial installation equipped with bigger expansion nozzles (1000 to 1500 1 / h) the speed of the float could not exceed 20 m / h.
Il a donc fallu développer .une nouvelle buse mieux adaptée aux exigences des flottateurs rapides de taille industrielle.It has therefore been necessary to develop a new nozzle that is better suited to the requirements of industrial-scale fast floats.
II existe à l'heure actuelle de nombreux types de buses de détente pour la clarification des eaux. A cet égard on peut se référer à l'article de E . M . Rykaart et J.HaarhoffAt present there are many types of expansion nozzles for clarifying water. In this respect one can refer to the article of E. M. Rykaart and J.Haarhoff
(Wat.Sc. Tech. Vol 31, n° 3-4, pp 25-35. 1995) intitulé(Wat.Sc. Tech Vol 31, No. 3-4, pp 25-35, 1995) entitled
« Behaviour or air injection nozzles in dissolved air flotation » qui mentionne les principaux types de buses : Cet article se réfère notamment à des buses caractérisées par : une double détente (buse WRC et DWL) ou une simple détente (NIWR) - une détente suivie d'une chambre d'amortissement de la vitesse (NIWR et DWL) - - une détente suivie d'une section divergente pour ralentir la . vitesse (ci-après dénommée buse « B ») . La buse WRC est décrite notamment dans FR-P-1 444 026. Elle comporte : - un premier étage de détente réalisant l'essentiel de la détente, cet " étage étant réalisé sous la forme d'un diaphragme ; une chambre intermédiaire de transfert et d'expansion dans laquelle le gaz (par exemple de l'air) est quasiment désorbé grâce au premier tage de détente et à la turbulence régnant dans cette chambre. La hauteur de cette chambre est relativement importante. A titre d'exemple dans le brevet cité ci-dessus, il est indiqué que cett-e 'hauteur est égale au diamètre de l'orifice du deuxième étage de détente . - un deuxième étage de détente réalisant en fait le transfert d'une zone à forte énergie à une zone à faible énergie ou faible vitesse. Cet étage est réalisé sous la forme d'un diaphragme dont l'orifice présente un diamètre qui est toujours supérieur à celui de l'orifice du premier étage de détente et de préférence 2 fois plus grand. L'objectif de cette invention est d'obtenir les vitesses les plus faibles possibles en sortie de buse pour ne pas casser les flocs sur lesquels les bulles vont s'accrocher. - un tube de sortie et de diffusion dont le rôle est de protéger le floc des vitesses encore relativement fortes en ' sortie de diaphragme et d'obtenir une vitesse suffisamment faible à la sortie du tube.This article refers in particular to nozzles characterized by: a double trigger (WRC and DWL nozzle) or a simple detent (NIWR) - a detente followed a speed damping chamber (NIWR and DWL) - - a trigger followed by a diverging section to slow down the. speed (hereinafter called nozzle "B"). WRC nozzle is described in particular in FR-P-1 444 026. It comprises: - a first expansion stage carrying most of the relaxation, this "stage being designed as a diaphragm, an intermediate transfer chamber and expansion in which the gas (for example air) is almost desorbed through the first expansion stage and the turbulence prevailing in this chamber.The height of this chamber is relatively important.For example in the patent cited above, it is stated that this height is equal to the diameter of the orifice of the second expansion stage - a second expansion stage actually realizing the transfer of a high energy zone to a zone This stage is in the form of a diaphragm whose orifice has a diameter which is always greater than that of the orifice of the first expansion stage and preferably 2 times larger. objective of this the invention is to obtain the lowest possible speeds at the outlet of the nozzle so as not to break the flocks on which the bubbles will cling. - an outlet tube and dissemination whose role is to protect the floc still relatively high speed in the output diaphragm and to obtain a sufficiently low speed at the outlet of the tube.
Partant de cet état de la technique (buse WRC) , l'invention se propose d'apporter une nouvelle buse permettant d'obtenir sur des installations industrielles (buses de grandes capacités > 500 1/h) des performances hydrauliques tout à fait inattendues, et notamment un fonctionnement à plus de 30 m/h au lieu de 20 m/h avec la buse « B » selon l'état antérieur de la technique.From this state of the art (WRC nozzle), the invention proposes to provide a new nozzle to obtain on industrial installations (nozzles with large capacities> 500 1 / h) unexpectedly high hydraulic performances, and in particular an operation at more than 30 m / h instead of 20 m / h with the nozzle "B" According to the prior art.
En conséquence cette invention concerne une buse de détente d'eau pressurisée pour' générer des microbulles dans une installation de flottation comportant un premier ' étage de détente, une chambre intermédiaire de transfert, un second étage de détente et un tube de sortie, cette buse étant caractérisée en ce que' : le premier étage de détente réalise une pré- détente en absorbant de 5 à 20% de la pression disponible ; le second étage de détente, sur lequel s'effectue l'essentiel de la détente, fait passer l'eau pressurisée de la pression de saturation à la * pression de sortie de la buse ; la chambre intermédiaire est une chambre de transit dans laquelle l'eau pressurisée approche de la pression de saturation en absorbant 5 à 30 % de la pression disponible et - le tube de sortie constitue un tube de détente brutale et de confinement de la cavitation, sa longueur minimale correspondant sensiblement à la distance séparant l'extrémité dudit tube côté second étage de détente du point de recollement des jets sur les parois du tube, avec un angle de divergence des jets, avant recollement, compris entre 3 et 12° de préférence entre 6 et 9°.Accordingly this invention relates to a water expansion nozzle pressurized for 'generating microbubbles in a flotation installation comprising a first' expansion stage, an intermediate transfer chamber, a second expansion stage and an outlet tube, this nozzle characterized in that: the first expansion stage performs a pre-expansion by absorbing from 5 to 20% of the available pressure; the second expansion stage, which achieves most of the trigger, moves the pressurized water saturation pressure at the * nozzle outlet pressure; the intermediate chamber is a transit chamber in which the pressurized water approaches saturation pressure by absorbing 5 to 30% of the available pressure and - the outlet tube constitutes a brutal expansion tube and containment cavitation, its minimum length substantially corresponding to the distance separating the end of said second stage-side expansion tube from the point of joining of the jets on the walls of the tube, with an angle of divergence of the jets, before gluing, between 3 and 12 °, preferably between 6 and 9 °.
Selon une caractéristique de cette invention, les premier et second étages de détente sont réalisés sous la forme d'un diaphragme comportant un ou plusieurs orifices de forme quelconque, le diamètre hydraulique de l'orifice du premier étage, ou de l'orifice équivalent si cet étage comporte plusieurs orifices, étant supérieur au diamètre hydraulique de l'orifice du second étage, ou de l'orifice équivalent si cet étage en comporte plusieurs .According to a feature of this invention, the first and second expansion stages are in the form of a diaphragm having one or more orifices of any shape, the hydraulic diameter of the orifice of the first stage, or the equivalent orifice if this stage has several orifices, being greater than the hydraulic diameter of the orifice of the second stage, or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la détente di est effectuée au moyen d'une vanne, d'une chicane ou de tout autre dispositif de restriction de flux.According to another characteristic of the invention, the expansion di is performed by means of a valve, a baffle or other flow restriction device.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la chambre intermédiaire ou de transit présente une hauteur, c'est-à-dire une distance séparant le premier étage de détente du second étage qui est inférieure au diamètre de l'orifice de la première détente (ou de l'orifice équivalent si cet étage comporte plusieurs orifices) , de préférence égale à la moitié de ce diamètre.According to another characteristic of the invention, the intermediate or transit chamber has a height, that is to say a distance separating the first expansion stage of the second stage which is smaller than the diameter of the orifice of the first expansion (Or the equivalent orifice if this stage has several orifices), preferably equal to half of this diameter.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-après en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent un exemple de réalisation ainsi que les résultats obtenus. Sur ces dessins :Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an example embodiment and the results obtained. On these drawings:
La figure 1 est un schéma représentant, en coupe axiale verticale une buse selon la présente invention ; La figure 2 concerne des expérimentations de laboratoire et illustre les résultats apportés par l'invention par rapport à ceux obtenus à l'aide de buses selon l'état antérieur de la technique rappelé ci-dessus et La figure 3 traduit des données industrielles qui illustrent les résultats apportés par l'invention par rapport à ceux obtenus à- l'aide des buses selon cet état antérieur de la technique.Figure 1 is a diagram showing, in vertical axial section a nozzle according to the present invention; FIG. 2 relates to laboratory experiments and illustrates the results provided by the invention compared to those obtained using nozzles according to the prior art mentioned above and FIG. 3 shows industrial data which illustrate the results provided by the invention compared to those obtained with the aid of the nozzles according to this prior art.
En se référant aux dessins, on voit que la buse selon la présente invention comporte un premier étage de détente 1 réalisé ici, sous la forme d'un diaphragme comportant un orifice de diamètre dl, une chambre intermédiaire ou de transfert 3 , un second étage de détente 2 comportant deux ou plusieurs orifices (le diamètre hydraulique équivalent de ces orifices étant égal à d2) , et un tube de sortie 4.Referring to the drawings, it can be seen that the nozzle according to the present invention comprises a first expansion stage 1 realized here, in the form of a diaphragm having an orifice of diameter d1, an intermediate or transfer chamber 3, a second stage 2 having two or more orifices (the equivalent hydraulic diameter of these orifices being equal to d2), and an outlet tube 4.
Ainsi, selon l'invention, le diaphragme constituant la détente d'un étage peut comporter un ou plusieurs orifices. S'il comporte plusieurs orifices (comme c'est le cas du second étage de détente 2 de cet exemple de réalisation) , le diamètre hydraulique d (soit d2 dans cet exemple de réalisation) est le diamètre équivalent d'un orifice dont la surface est égale à la somme des surfaces des orifices de ce diaphragme.Thus, according to the invention, the diaphragm constituting the expansion of a stage may comprise one or more orifices. If it comprises several orifices (as is the case with the second expansion stage 2 of this embodiment), the hydraulic diameter d (that is to say d2 in this embodiment) is the equivalent diameter of an orifice whose surface is equal to the sum of the surfaces of the orifices of this diaphragm.
Comme il a été mentionné ci-dessus, le premier étage de détente 1, réalise une simple pré-détente, l'objectif étant qu'en amont du second étage de détente 2, la pression soit proche de la pression de saturation de l'eau pressurisée. Le diamètre hydraulique dl de l'orifice du système de restriction de flux constituant ce premier étage 1 est supérieur à celui du diamètre hydraulique d2 de l'orifice du diaphragme constituant le second étage 2 (ou de l'orifice équivalent lorsque ce diaphragme comporte plusieurs orifices comme c'est le cas du mode de réalisation illustré par la figure 1) . De préférence, dl est égal à 1,5 d2. Dans cet étage la perte de charge est de l'ordre de 5 à 35%, de préférence de l'ordre de 15%.As mentioned above, the first expansion stage 1 performs a simple pre-expansion, the objective being that upstream of the second expansion stage 2, the pressure is close to the saturation pressure of the pressurized water. The hydraulic diameter d1 of the orifice of the flow restricting system constituting this first stage 1 is greater than that of the hydraulic diameter d2 of the orifice of the diaphragm constituting the second stage 2 (or of the equivalent orifice when this diaphragm comprises several orifices as is the case of the embodiment illustrated by FIG. 1). Preferably, d1 is 1.5 d2. In this stage the pressure drop is of the order of 5 to 35%, preferably of the order of 15%.
Dans la chambre de transfert 3, le gaz (notamment de l'air) ne doit pas être désorbé. Il existe une sorte de continuité avec le premier étage de détente 1 et, selon la présente, invention, la hauteur de la chambre 3 doit être inférieure au diamètre hydraulique équivalent de l'orifice du système de restriction de flux du premier étage de détente 1, cette hauteur e étant la distance séparant les deux étages de détente ainsi qu'on le- voit sur la figure 1. Cette chambre intermédiaire de transfert 3 constitue une chambre de transit permettant d' approcher la saturation. La - perte de charge obtenue dans cette chambre 3 est de l'ordre de 5 à 30%.In the transfer chamber 3, the gas (in particular air) must not be desorbed. There is a kind of continuity with the first expansion stage 1 and, according to the present invention, the height of the chamber 3 must be smaller than the equivalent hydraulic diameter of the orifice of the flow restriction system of the first expansion stage 1 this height e being the distance separating the two stages of relaxation as can be seen in FIG. 1. This intermediate transfer chamber 3 constitutes a transit chamber making it possible to approach saturation. The - pressure drop obtained in this chamber 3 is of the order of 5 to 30%.
Le second étage de détente, 2, est, selon la présente invention, la seule détente efficace qui fait passer l'eau pressurisée de la pression de saturation à la pression de sortie de la buse (hauteur d'immersion de la buse) . Ainsi qu'on l'a mentionné ci-dessus le diamètre hydraulique d2 de l'orifice (ou de l'orifice équivalent) du diaphragme constituant cet étage 2 est toujours inférieur à celui du premier étage 1 et de préférence environ 1.5 fois -plus petit. La perte de charge obtenue grâce à ce second étage de détente 2 est de l'ordre de 60 à 90%, de préférence 70%. L'objectif est de concentrer en' un point la totalité de la détente et la génération de microbulles . Ce second étage de détente 2 est à élargissement brutal, l'angle de. sortie du ou des orifices du diaphragme le constituant étant plat (180°) ou compris entre 90 et 270°.The second expansion stage, 2, is, according to the present invention, the only effective expansion that passes the pressurized water from the saturation pressure to the outlet pressure of the nozzle (nozzle immersion height). As mentioned above, the hydraulic diameter d2 of the orifice (or of the equivalent orifice) of the diaphragm constituting this stage 2 is always smaller than that of the first stage 1 and preferably about 1.5 times -more small. The pressure drop obtained by this second expansion stage 2 is of the order of 60 to 90%, preferably 70%. The goal is to concentrate in ' one point the entire relaxation and generation of microbubbles. This second expansion stage 2 is brutally enlarged, the angle of. outlet of the orifices of the diaphragm constituting it being flat (180 °) or between 90 and 270 °.
Dans le tube de sortie 4 s'effectue la génération de microbulles qui permet dé réaliser deux phénomènes : une expansion brutale (pas de divergent) - une zone de cavitation (pression absolue =0) effective et maintenue derrière le second étage de détente 2.In the outlet tube 4 is carried out the generation of microbubbles which allows to achieve two phenomena: a sudden expansion (no divergent) - a cavitation zone (absolute pressure = 0) effective and maintained behind the second expansion stage 2.
Ces phénomènes sont réalisés si la seconde détente est brutale (sans divergent ou divergent ' d'un angle au centre < à 90° ou > 270°) et si le tube présente une longueur suffisante pour que la zone de dépression ne soit pas alimentée par le liquide extérieure à la buse. Selon l'invention, cette longueur L est fonction du diamètre du tube et essentiellement de la distance entre la paroi externe du ou des jets et la paroi interne du tube. Selon l'invention, et comme on le voir clairement sur la figure 1, la longueur minimale L du tube 4 correspond sensiblement à la distance séparant l'extrémité dudit tube côté second étage de détente 2 du point de recollement des jets sur les .parois du tube, avec un angle α de divergence des jets., avant recollement, compris entre 3 et 12°, de préférence entre 6 et 9°.These phenomena are realized if the second trigger is brutal (without diverging or diverging ' from a center angle <90 ° or> 270 °) and if the tube has a length sufficient for the depression zone is not powered by the liquid outside the nozzle. According to the invention, this length L is a function of the diameter of the tube and essentially the distance between the outer wall of the jet or jets and the inner wall of the tube. According to the invention, and as can be seen clearly in FIG. 1, the minimum length L of the tube 4 corresponds substantially to the distance separating the end of said tube on the second expansion stage 2 from the point of joining of the jets on the walls. of the tube, with an angle α of divergence of the jets., before gluing, between 3 and 12 °, preferably between 6 and 9 °.
Selon la présente invention, afin de réaliser une bonne fermeture de cette zone de cavitation, il est nécessaire que le diaphragme constituant le second étage de détente 2, comporte soit un seul orifice central de forme quelconque (circulaire, carrée, rectangulaire, elliptique) , soit plusieurs orifices situés à égale distance du centre du diaphragme.According to the present invention, in order to achieve good closure of this cavitation zone, it is necessary that the diaphragm constituting the second expansion stage 2, comprises either a single central orifice of any shape (circular, square, rectangular, elliptical), or several orifices located equidistant from the center of the diaphragm.
Le tube peut se terminer par un divergent d'extrémité 5 présentant la forme d'une trompette de façon à améliorer les performances- et à réduire la vitesse de sortie. Cette caractéristique apporte deux avantages : - Un meilleur recollement de la ou des veines liquides et donc une meilleure fermeture de la zone de cavitation, - Un ralentissement des vitesses de sortie buse compatible avec la tenue mécaniques des flocs. Ce type de réalisation permet de générer plus de grosses bulles que les buses WRC mais les microbulles sont plus fines .The tube may terminate with a trumpet-shaped end divergent 5 so as to improve performance and reduce the output speed. This feature brings two advantages: - Better adhesion of the liquid or veins and thus a better closure of the cavitation zone, - Slow nozzle output speeds compatible with the mechanical strength of the flocs. This type of embodiment makes it possible to generate more large bubbles than the WRC nozzles, but the microbubbles are thinner.
Ces buses ont été caractérisées en laboratoire puis testées sur des appareils industriels en situation de production.These nozzles were characterized in the laboratory and then tested on industrial devices in production situation.
Résultats d'essais et performancesTest results and performances
1) Essais en laboratoire1) Laboratory tests
Une cinquantaine de buses ont été testées . Ces buses étaient dérivées des types suivants :About fifty nozzles were tested. These nozzles were derived from the following types:
- Buses désignées ci-après par B comportant une détente suivie d'une section divergente pour ralentir la vitesse ; - Buses, du type WRC qui ont été décrites ci-dessus, et - Buses objet de .la présente invention; désignées par la référence DGT.- Nozzles hereinafter designated B having a trigger followed by a diverging section to slow the speed; WRC-type nozzles which have been described above, and nozzles of the present invention; designated by the reference DGT.
Leur débit est d'environ 1.5 m3/h. Elles sont alimentées en eau par un ballon de pressurisation sous 5. 105Pa. Les buses sont plongées dans une cuve transparente présentant une capacité d'un m3 où sont réalisées un certain nombre de mesures :Their flow is about 1.5 m3 / h. They are supplied with water by a pressurization tank under 5. 10 5 Pa. The nozzles are immersed in a transparent tank having a capacity of one m 3 where a number of measurements are carried out:
• Quantité de grosses bulles générées par la buse. Ce débit est comparé en % à la quantité d'air effectif dissous jians. le ballon.• Quantity of large bubbles generated by the nozzle. This flow is compared in% to the actual air quantity dissolved. the ball.
• Qualité du lait de. microbulles. Une mesure spécifique par turbidimètre permet d'apprécier la qualité globale des microbulles . Une' forte turbidité correspond à des microbulles plus nombreuses et/ ou plus fines.• Quality of milk. microbubbles. A specific measurement by turbidimeter makes it possible to assess the overall quality of the microbubbles. A 'high turbidity corresponds to more numerous microbubbles and / or thinner.
• Vitesse à la sortie de la buse. L'objectif est d'obtenir la vitesse la plus faible.• Speed at the outlet of the nozzle. The goal is to get the lowest speed.
Les courbes illustrées sur la figure 2 visualisent les résultats obtenus en turbidité du lait de microbulles et en % de grosses bulles. La meilleure buse est normalement la buse qui génère le moins de grosses bulles et qui a le lait le plus dense.The curves illustrated in FIG. 2 visualize the results obtained in turbidity of the milk of microbubbles and in% of large bubbles. The best nozzle is normally the nozzle that generates the least large bubbles and has the most dense milk.
Les résultats montrent que : - les buses WRC génèrent peu de grosses bulles mais la densité du lait de micro bulles est faible. les buses B et DGT (selon l'invention) génèrent plus de grosses bulles et paradoxalement présentent un lait plus dense. Plus il y a de grosses bulles, plus le lait est dense, la quantité d'air disponible étant plus faible, l'augmentation de densité ne s'explique que par des microbulles plus fines. La buse DGT selon la présente invention est plus performante que la buse B sur les 2 paramètres .The results show that: - the WRC nozzles generate few large bubbles but the density of the micro-bubble milk is low. the nozzles B and DGT (according to the invention) generate more large bubbles and paradoxically have a more dense milk. The larger the bubbles, the denser the milk, the less air available, the increase in density can only be explained by smaller microbubbles. The DGT nozzle according to the present invention is more efficient than the nozzle B on the two parameters.
Les chiffres associés aux buses DGT (25, 35, 65, 90) correspondent aux longueurs L en mm des tubes 4 munis d'une extrémité en trompette 5 (carrés noirs) . On vérifie qu'une longueur insuffisante 25 mm ne permet pas de générer un lait dense. Il est nécessaire d'avoir une longueur d'au moins 35 mm pour que les veines liquides recollent sur les parois et in fine obtenir un lait de qualité. Compte tenu du fait que le diaphragme constituant le second étage de détente 2 comportait 3 orifices, l'angle α de diffusion du jet pour recoller à la paroi en 35 mm est compris entre 6 à 9° (12 à 18° au centre) Une longueur trop importante augmente la quantité de grosses bulles probablement par frottement . La qualité du lait a tendance à diminuer.The figures associated with the DGT nozzles (25, 35, 65, 90) correspond to the lengths L in mm of the tubes 4 provided with a trumpet end 5 (black squares). It is verified that a length insufficient 25 mm does not allow to generate a dense milk. It is necessary to have a length of at least 35 mm so that the liquid veins glue on the walls and ultimately get a quality milk. Given the fact that the diaphragm constituting the second expansion stage 2 had 3 orifices, the diffusion angle α of the jet to reattach to the wall in 35 mm is between 6 to 9 ° (12 to 18 ° in the center). too large length increases the amount of large bubbles probably by friction. The quality of the milk tends to decrease.
Les performances des buses DGT selon la présente invention, avec tubes de sortie 4 dépourvus de trompette sont représentées par des carrés clairs . Les extrémités en trompette 5 font gagner de 5% à 20% en turbidité et réduisent les vitesses de sortie buse de 10 à 40%.The performance of the DGT nozzles according to the present invention with outlet tubes 4 without a trumpet are represented by light squares. Trumpet ends 5 save 5% to 20% turbidity and reduce nozzle output speeds by 10 to 40%.
En conclusion, les meilleures buses semblent être la buse WRC+ améliorée (faible quantité de .grosses bulles et turbidité correcte) et les buses DGT 35 et DGT 65 (forte densité de lait malgré un taux important de grosses bulles) .In conclusion, the best nozzles seem to be the improved WRC + nozzle (low amount of large bubbles and correct turbidity) and the DGT 35 and DGT 65 nozzles (high milk density despite a high rate of large bubbles).
2) Tests sur des flottateurs industriels2) Tests on industrial floats
Ces tests ont été réalisés sur une grande usine d'eau potable comportant cinq flottateurs travaillant en parallèle, dans les mêmes conditions, chacun étant équipé de buses d'un type différent.These tests were performed on a large drinking water plant with five floats working in parallel, under the same conditions, each equipped with nozzles of a different type.
A l'exception de la buse « B » prise comme référence, les buses retenues toutes équipées de tubes de sorties à extrémités en trompettes étaient les suivantes : buse B - buse WRC+ - buse DGT 35 - buse DGT 65 - buse DGT 100With the exception of the "B" nozzle taken as a reference, all the nozzles with trumpet ends were: nozzle B - nozzle WRC + - nozzle DGT 35 - nozzle DGT 65 - nozzle DGT 100
Sur une eau difficile et pour 2 débits testés (vitesse ramenée à la surface de séparation par flottation : 20 m3/m2/h et 30 m3/m2/h) les résultats, obtenus en turbidité de l'eau flottée et en vitesse sur le flottateur, sont consignés sur la figure 3.On a difficult water and for 2 flow rates tested (speed brought back to the surface of separation by flotation: 20 m3 / m2 / h and 30 m3 / m2 / h) the results, obtained in turbidity of the floated water and in speed on the float, are shown in Figure 3.
L'examen de cette figure 3 montre que : Toutes les buses donnent des quantités de microbulles à peu près suffisantes à 20 m/h (taux de pressurisation =13%) . - A 30m/h et avec un taux de pressurisation de 8.5 %, la différence entre buses apparaît nettement : - Les buses B décrochent par déficit de microbulles dû probablement à un • excès de grosses bulles. - Les buses WRC+ perdent en efficacité sans doute car leurs microbulles sont globalement plus grosses . ' - Seules les buses DGT65 et DGT 100 ne décrochent pas avec la vitesse. Ce sont donc les buses qui génèrent la. plus grande quantité de microbulles. La longueur du divergent de la DGT 35 n'est pas suffisante pour générer des microbulles de même qualité.Examination of this FIG. 3 shows that: All the nozzles give amounts of microbubbles which are approximately sufficient at 20 m / h (pressurization rate = 13%). - At 30m / h and with a pressurization rate of 8.5%, the difference between nozzles clearly appears: - Nozzles B drop due to microbubble deficiency probably due to an • excess of large bubbles. - The WRC + nozzles probably lose efficiency because their microbubbles are globally larger. '- Only DGT65 and DGT 100 nozzles do not drop with speed. It is therefore the nozzles that generate the. larger amount of microbubbles. The length of the divergent DGT 35 is not sufficient to generate microbubbles of the same quality.
En conclusion, il apparaît que, de façon surprenante, la buse qui génère cinq fois plus de grosses bulles (50% contre 10%) est finalement la buse la plus' performante en flottation. Ceci est probablement dû au fait, comme on l'a déjà mentionné, que les microbulles générées sont plus petites. Les conditions de génération de ces microbulles sont une détente brutale avec formation d'une zone de ' cavitation non réalimentée grâce à un tube divergeant à extrémité en trompette suffisamment long.In conclusion, it appears that, surprisingly, the nozzle that generates five times more large bubbles (50% against 10%) is finally the most 'successful flotation nozzle. This is probably due to the fact, as already mentioned, that the microbubbles generated are smaller. Generation of the conditions of these microbubbles are a sudden expansion to form a zone of cavitation not replenished through a tube diverging end sufficiently long trumpet.
Il demeure bien entendu que la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation ou de mise en œuvre décrits et/ou mentionnés ci-dessus mais qu'elle en englobe toutes les variantes. C'est ainsi que notamment, le diamètre hydraulique dl de l'orifice du premier étage de détente 1 ou de l'orifice équivalent si cet étage comporte plusieurs orifices peut être compris entre 1,6 et 1,1 fois le diamètre de l'orifice du second étage de détente ou de l'orifice équivalent si cet étage comporte plusieurs orifices . It remains understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments or implementation described and / or mentioned above but encompasses all variants. Thus, in particular, the hydraulic diameter d1 of the orifice of the first expansion stage 1 or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several orifices may be between 1.6 and 1.1 times the diameter of the orifice of the second expansion stage or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several orifices.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Buse de détente d'eau pressurisée pour générer des microbulles dans une installation de flottation comportant un premier étage de détente (1) , une chambre intermédiaire de transfert (3) , un second étage de détente (2) et un tube de sortie (4) , cette buse étant caractérisée en ce que : les premier et second étages de détente sont • réalisés sous la forme d'un diaphragme comportant un ou plusieurs orifices, le diamètre hydraulique (dl) de l'orifice du premier étage (1), ou de l'orifice équivalent^, si cet étage comporte plusieurs orifices, étant supérieur au- diamètre (d2) de l'orifice du second étage, ou de l'orifice équivalent si cet étage en comporte plusieurs, les orifices susmentionnés pouvant être de forme quelconque mais de préférence circulaire, et en ce que : - le premier étage de détente (1) réalise une pré- détente en absorbant de 5 à 20% de la pression disponible ,- le second étage de détente (2) , sur lequel s'effectue l'essentiel de la détente, fait passer l'eau pressurisée de la pression de saturation à la pression de sortie de la buse ; - la chambre intermédiaire (3) est une chambre de transit dans laquelle l'eau pressurisée approche de la pression de saturation en absorbant 5 à 30 % de la pression disponible et - le tube de sortie (4) constitue un tube de détente brutale et de confinement de la cavitation, sa longueur minimale (L) correspondant sensiblement à la distance séparant 1 ' extrémité dudit tube côté second étage de détente du. point de recollement des jets sur les parois du tube, avec un angle de divergence (α) des jets, avant recollement, compris entre 3 et 12°, de préférence entre S et 9°.1. Pressurized water expansion nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant comprising a first expansion stage (1), an intermediate transfer chamber (3), a second expansion stage (2) and an outlet tube (4), said nozzle being characterized in that: the first and second expansion stages are in the form of a diaphragm having one or more orifices, the hydraulic diameter (d1) of the orifice of the first stage (1 ), or of the equivalent orifice ^ , if this stage comprises several orifices, being greater than the diameter (d2) of the orifice of the second stage, or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several, the orifices mentioned above being able to be of any shape but preferably circular, and in that: - the first expansion stage (1) performs a pre-expansion by absorbing from 5 to 20% of the available pressure, - the second expansion stage (2), on which the essent is carried out iel of the trigger, pressurized water from the saturation pressure to the outlet pressure of the nozzle; the intermediate chamber (3) is a transit chamber in which the pressurized water approaches the saturation pressure by absorbing 5 to 30% of the available pressure and the outlet tube (4) constitutes a brutal expansion tube and cavitation confinement, its minimum length (L) corresponding substantially to the distance separating the end of said tube second-stage side relaxation of the. recollection point of the jets on the walls of the tube, with a divergence angle (α) of the jets, before gluing, between 3 and 12 °, preferably between S and 9 °.
2. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en- ce que l'orifice du premier étage de détente est constitué d'une vanne, d'une chicane ou de tout autre dispositif de restriction de flux.Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the orifice of the first expansion stage consists of a valve, a baffle or any other flow restriction device.
3. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la chambre intermédiaire ou de transit (3) présente une hauteur- (e) , c'est-à-dire une distance séparant le premier étage de détente (1) du second étage (2) , qui est inférieure au diamètre (dl) de l'orifice du diaphragme constituant le premier étage de détente, de préférence égale à la moitié de ce diamètre.3. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate or transit chamber (3) has a height- (e), that is to say a distance separating the first expansion stage (1) from the second stage (2), which is smaller than the diameter (dl) of the orifice of the diaphragm constituting the first expansion stage, preferably equal to half this diameter.
4. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le diaphragme constituant le second étage comporte un seul orifice central .4. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the diaphragm constituting the second stage comprises a single central orifice.
5. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le diaphragme constituant le second étage comporte une pluralité d'orifices situés à égale distance du centre du diaphragme .5. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the diaphragm constituting the second stage comprises a plurality of orifices located equidistant from the center of the diaphragm.
6. Buse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre hydraulique (dl) de l'orifice du premier étage de détente (1) ou de l'orifice équivalent si cet étage comporte plusieurs orifices est compris entre 1,6 et 1,1 fois le diamètre de l'orifice du second étage de détente ou de l'orifice équivalent si cet étage comporte plusieurs orifices.6. Nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hydraulic diameter (dl) of the orifice of the first expansion stage (1) or the equivalent orifice if this stage has several orifices is included between 1.6 and 1.1 times the diameter of the orifice of the second expansion stage or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several orifices.
7.Buse selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en que' le second étage de détente (2) est à élargissement brutal, l'angle de sortie du ou des orifices du diaphragme le constituant - étant plat (180°) ou compris entre 90°et 270°. 7.Buse according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that ' the second expansion stage (2) is wide-widening, the exit angle of the orifices of the diaphragm constituting it - being flat (180 °) or between 90 ° and 270 °.
8. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ' le tube de sortie (4) se termine par un divergent d'extrémité en forme de trompette (5) . Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet tube (4) terminates in a trumpet-shaped end divergent (5).
EP04791465A 2003-10-10 2004-10-05 Pressurised water releasing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant Expired - Lifetime EP1680213B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04791465T PL1680213T3 (en) 2003-10-10 2004-10-05 Pressurised water releasing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant
SI200430309T SI1680213T1 (en) 2003-10-10 2004-10-05 Pressurised water releasing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0311910A FR2860735B1 (en) 2003-10-10 2003-10-10 PRESSURIZED WATER RELIEF NOZZLE FOR GENERATING MICROBULLS IN A FLOATING SYSTEM
PCT/FR2004/002510 WO2005035105A1 (en) 2003-10-10 2004-10-05 Pressurised water releasing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1680213A1 true EP1680213A1 (en) 2006-07-19
EP1680213B1 EP1680213B1 (en) 2007-03-07

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ID=34355408

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EP04791465A Expired - Lifetime EP1680213B1 (en) 2003-10-10 2004-10-05 Pressurised water releasing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant

Country Status (18)

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US (2) US20070119987A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1680213B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101136337B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100413569C (en)
AT (1) ATE355889T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2004280269B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0415137B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2540866C (en)
DE (2) DE602004005230T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1680213T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2267418T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2860735B1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ546480A (en)
PL (1) PL1680213T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1680213E (en)
RU (1) RU2324531C2 (en)
SI (1) SI1680213T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005035105A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HK1093460A1 (en) 2007-03-02
AU2004280269A1 (en) 2005-04-21
ATE355889T1 (en) 2007-03-15
EP1680213B1 (en) 2007-03-07
US20090218293A1 (en) 2009-09-03
PT1680213E (en) 2007-03-30
RU2324531C2 (en) 2008-05-20
WO2005035105A1 (en) 2005-04-21
FR2860735B1 (en) 2006-12-22
AU2004280269B2 (en) 2010-07-29
KR101136337B1 (en) 2012-04-19
NZ546480A (en) 2010-06-25
SI1680213T1 (en) 2007-08-31
KR20060122827A (en) 2006-11-30
US7651620B2 (en) 2010-01-26
PL1680213T3 (en) 2007-09-28
US20070119987A1 (en) 2007-05-31
DK1680213T3 (en) 2007-04-02
DE602004005230T2 (en) 2007-07-05
CN100413569C (en) 2008-08-27
ES2267418T3 (en) 2007-09-16
DE602004005230D1 (en) 2007-04-19
CN1867393A (en) 2006-11-22
DE04791465T1 (en) 2007-01-18
RU2006115380A (en) 2007-12-20
FR2860735A1 (en) 2005-04-15
ES2267418T1 (en) 2007-03-16
BRPI0415137A (en) 2006-11-28
CA2540866C (en) 2012-05-15
BRPI0415137B1 (en) 2014-10-14
CA2540866A1 (en) 2005-04-21

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