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EP1644299A1 - Concrete thickener for thickening concrete articles, concrete articles and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Concrete thickener for thickening concrete articles, concrete articles and method for the production thereof

Info

Publication number
EP1644299A1
EP1644299A1 EP04738550A EP04738550A EP1644299A1 EP 1644299 A1 EP1644299 A1 EP 1644299A1 EP 04738550 A EP04738550 A EP 04738550A EP 04738550 A EP04738550 A EP 04738550A EP 1644299 A1 EP1644299 A1 EP 1644299A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
thickener
weight
water
approximately
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04738550A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fritz Töllner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Remei & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Remei & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Remei & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Remei & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP1644299A1 publication Critical patent/EP1644299A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/44—Thickening, gelling or viscosity increasing agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a concrete thickener for thickening a concrete product, this concrete product and a method for producing a concrete product.
  • Concrete products are mainly produced in two layers (core concrete and facing layer).
  • core concrete and facing layer At the facing layer i. d.
  • special requirements e.g. coloring, mechanical stress, chemical exposure, weather influences, resistance to frost and de-icing salt, etc.
  • concrete paving stones must have an average compressive strength of 60 N / mm, no tested individual value may be less than 50 N / mm 2 .
  • Concrete paving stones according to DIN 18 501 are generally considered to be resistant to frost and de-icing salt attack if they meet the requirements of the standard, whereby the aggregates used must be sufficiently resistant to the effects of frost.
  • Efflorescence of lime is material-related in cement-bound products. The reason for this is that all standard cements contain lime. Cement without lime is unthinkable, and there is no usable concrete in which the lime content is so low that lime precipitation would be impossible from the outset. Whether and to what extent efflorescence occurs also depends on the weather. Chemically, the deposits are hydrated lime hydrate, which after evaporation of the water and reaction with the carbon dioxide in the air accumulates as calcium carbonate on the concrete surface.
  • Efflorescence is often heavily required due to external water (rain / condensation). Depending on the density of the concrete structure and the rate of evaporation, calcium carbonate can be visible on the surface, but also invisible within the structure in the pore space. The degree of efflorescence depends in particular on the water-cement value, which is explained in more detail below.
  • Concrete is made from cement, water and aggregates. Concrete additives can also be added to influence certain concrete properties. Fresh concrete, i.e. Concrete that can still be processed is given a desired shape, which it retains in the hardened state, as an artificial stone.
  • the aggregates can include natural aggregates, not broken or broken, such as sand, gravel, crushed sand, grit and crushed stone, and industrially manufactured aggregates, such as blast furnace sand and blast furnace slag, and mixtures thereof.
  • the cement used for the concrete is a hydraulic binder. It is mixed with water and hardened by hydration both in the air and under water. The resulting cement stone is water-resistant. If you mix water and cement, cement glue is created first. This process takes place when the concrete is mixed. The cement paste envelops the aggregates, fills the voids between them and makes the fresh concrete workable. By hardening the cement paste, cement stone is then created that cemented the aggregates together.
  • W / Z value water-cement value
  • the optimal W / Z value influences, for example, the strength, the tendency to bloom, the resistance to freeze-thaw salt, etc. of the hardened concrete.
  • a relatively small amount of water is required to harden the concrete (complete hydration). It is generally known from concrete technology that a W / Z value of 0.40 can be regarded as optimal. In this context it should be mentioned that the cement can only bind an amount of water of about 40% of its mass (about 25% chemically and 15% physically). However, a W / Z value of 0.40 can also be disadvantageous, since on the one hand a consistency of the cement paste is obtained which makes the concrete mixture difficult to process, for example with this W / Z value a production in a tel-pressing process is not possible, and on the other hand the concrete products made from such a concrete mix become form-unstable, bulge, are not stable and stick to the molded parts.
  • the concrete back concrete or core concrete
  • the facing concrete is then applied to this concrete and the entire mixture is hydraulically finally compacted (baling pressure) and discharged (so-called two-layer structure).
  • baling pressure baling pressure
  • two-layer structure In the case of single-layer production, only facing concrete is used.
  • the advantages of a vibratory press process are fast and homogeneous compaction, a low water cement value and thus a high strength of the concrete products, short cycle times and immediate demolding, diverse shaping options, efficient production of the desired number of pieces and fully automated production.
  • the first object is achieved in that the concrete product contains a concrete thickener which comprises the following components:
  • the thickener is preferably an organic or inorganic polymer.
  • the thickener is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes, alginates, polyoses, cellulose derivatives, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides, silicic acid derivatives, zeolites and / or combinations thereof, polyacrylates , Polyurethanes, cellulose derivatives and silicic acid derivatives are preferred.
  • the concrete thickener is present in the concrete product in a proportion of approximately 0.01 to approximately 2.0% by weight, preferably approximately 0.04 to approximately 1.0% by weight.
  • the hydrophobizing additive is selected from the group consisting of silanes, siloxanes, silicon cones, siliconates, fluorosilicates, hydrosilanes, fatty acids and their salts, waxes, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, water glasses (alkali silicates), silicic acid esters and / or combinations thereof ,
  • the concrete thickener comprise dyes, water-soluble polymers, polymer dispersions, surface-active substances or mixtures thereof.
  • the concrete goods contain further concrete additives, such as concrete additives and / or concrete additives.
  • the concrete additives are selected from the group consisting of concrete plasticizers, flow agents, air entraining agents, sealants, retarders, accelerators, press-in aids, stabilizers, chromate reducers, recycling aids for washing water and / or combinations thereof, and the concrete additives are selected from the Group consisting of trass, rock flour, hard coal fly ash, silica dust, pigments and or combinations thereof.
  • the concrete product is preferably characterized by a water-cement value of approximately 0.3 to approximately 0.5, preferably approximately 0.4.
  • Concrete goods are advantageously provided which are produced in a vibratory pressing process.
  • Another object of the invention is achieved by a method for producing a concrete product, which comprises the following steps:
  • the concrete thickener comprising the following components:
  • the concrete thickener is metered into the mixer via an emptying pump and a spray nozzle.
  • a concrete thickener is also proposed, in particular for thickening a concrete product, which comprises the following components:
  • the thickener is preferably an organic or inorganic polymer.
  • the thickener is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes, alginates, polyoses, cellulose derivatives, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides, silicic acid derivatives, zeolites and / or combinations thereof.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that an additional amount of water can be offered to a generic concrete product by adding a concrete thickener according to the invention and the setting behavior of the concrete is significantly improved without the resulting consistency of the concrete determining the workability and usability of the concrete Manufacturing process restricted.
  • the concrete products according to the invention are dimensionally stable, do not bulge, are stable and do not stick to the molded parts, and thus in particular enable fresh removal of the formwork from the concrete.
  • the large amount of water which is present in the concrete mixture at a high water-cement value such as a W / Z value of approximately 0.40, is initially stored by the concrete thickener and gradually for hydration of the cement.
  • a high water-cement value such as a W / Z value of approximately 0.40
  • Another important property of the concrete thickener according to the invention is its hydrophobic setting by means of an existing hydrophobic additive.
  • This water repellent additive ensures that water is repelled from outside the concrete mix and that the hydration process for setting the concrete is not negatively influenced, namely by a possible shift in the hydration balance.
  • the blooming tendency of the resulting hardened concrete is greatly reduced.
  • the concrete strength is increased, since an increased addition of water is possible.
  • the concrete product according to the invention shows an excellent compaction willingness without sticking, as well as a high green stability.
  • the water penetration capacity is reduced and a high resistance to frost and de-icing salt is achieved.
  • direct metering of the concrete thickener directly onto the aggregates as is common in the admixture area, is not possible here.
  • An optimal effect of the concrete thickener is preferably achieved if it is dosed onto the already finished mixture of the concrete goods.
  • the dosing is preferably carried out using a dosing scale (type BPB, Beton- und Anlagentechnik Blomberg GmbH & Co. KG, 32825 Blomberg) via a drain pump and a spray nozzle into a mixer containing the concrete mixture.
  • the post-mixing time with the concrete thickener can be about 30 seconds.
  • the concrete mixture which is actually too moist, is converted into a consistency level that can be processed using the KS process, ie into a stiff, "earth-moist" consistency with a low water cement value.
  • a typical recipe for a concrete product according to the invention is as follows:
  • the concrete thickener has a composition of about 30% by weight of thickener, about 30% by weight of hydrophobic additive and the rest water.
  • the constituents mentioned are first mixed in a mixer. After corresponding Mixing is metered into the concrete thickener, preferably via a spray nozzle, and a workable consistency is achieved by further mixing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a concrete article containing a concrete thickener having the following composition: a) about 20-40 mass %, preferably about 30 mass % thickener; b) about 20-40 mass %, preferably about 30 mass % water-repellent additive; the rest being water. A method for producing inventive concrete article and a thickener for thickening said concrete article are also disclosed

Description

Beton verdicker zum Verdicken einer Betonware, diese Betonware und Verfahren zu deren HerstellungConcrete thickener for thickening a concrete product, this concrete product and method for its production
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Betonverdicker zum Verdicken einer Betonware, diese Betonware sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Betonware.The present invention relates to a concrete thickener for thickening a concrete product, this concrete product and a method for producing a concrete product.
Betonwaren (Pflastersteine, Betonwerksteine) werden heute überwiegend zweischichtig produziert (Kernbeton und Vorsatzschicht). An die Vorsatzschicht werden dabei i. d. R. besondere Anforderungen (z. B. Farbgebung, mechanische Belastung, chemische Beaufschlagung, Witterungseinflüsse, Frost- Tausalzbeständigkeit u.a.m.) gestellt.Concrete products (paving stones, concrete building blocks) are mainly produced in two layers (core concrete and facing layer). At the facing layer i. d. As a rule, special requirements (e.g. coloring, mechanical stress, chemical exposure, weather influences, resistance to frost and de-icing salt, etc.) are placed.
Nach DIN 18 501 müssen Betonpflastersteine eine mittlere Druckfestigkeit von 60 N/mm aufweisen, kein geprüfter Einzelwert darf unter 50 N/mm2 liegen. Betonpflastersteine nach DIN 18 501 gelten allgemein als widerstandsfähig gegen Frost- und Tausalzangriff, wenn sie den Anforderungen der Norm entsprechen, wobei die eingesetzten Zuschläge ausreichend widerstandsfähig gegen Frosteinwirkung sein müssen.According to DIN 18 501, concrete paving stones must have an average compressive strength of 60 N / mm, no tested individual value may be less than 50 N / mm 2 . Concrete paving stones according to DIN 18 501 are generally considered to be resistant to frost and de-icing salt attack if they meet the requirements of the standard, whereby the aggregates used must be sufficiently resistant to the effects of frost.
Weisen Betonerzeugnisse weiße Ablagerungen an der Oberfläche auf, so handelt es sich in den meisten Fällen um harmlose Kalkausscheidungen. Sie werden im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch als Ausblühungen bezeichnet.If concrete products have white deposits on the surface, it is in most cases harmless lime deposits. They are commonly called efflorescence.
Kalkausblühungen sind bei zementgebundenen Erzeugnissen materialbedingt Die Ursache ist darin zu sehen, daß alle Normzemente Kalkanteile enthalten. Zement ohne Kalk ist nicht denkbar, und es gibt keinen brauchbaren Beton, bei dem der Kalkgehalt so niedrig ist, daß eine Kalkausscheidung von vornherein unmöglich wäre. Ob und in welchem Umfang Ausblühungen auftreten, ist allerdings auch von der Witterung abhängig. Chemisch handelt es sich bei den Ablagerungen um in Wasser gelöstes Kalkhydrat, das nach Verdunsten des Wassers und Reaktion mit dem Kohlendioxid der Luft als Calciumcarbonat auf der Betonoberfläche anfällt.Efflorescence of lime is material-related in cement-bound products. The reason for this is that all standard cements contain lime. Cement without lime is unthinkable, and there is no usable concrete in which the lime content is so low that lime precipitation would be impossible from the outset. Whether and to what extent efflorescence occurs also depends on the weather. Chemically, the deposits are hydrated lime hydrate, which after evaporation of the water and reaction with the carbon dioxide in the air accumulates as calcium carbonate on the concrete surface.
Die Güteeigenschaften von Betonpflastern und -bauteilen bleiben hiervon unberührt.This does not affect the quality properties of concrete plasters and components.
Ausblühungen (Kalkausscheidungen) auf Betonoberflächen entstehen oft bei kühler und nasser Witterung. Infolge Verzögerung des Erhärtungsverlaufs und dadurch einer besseren Löslichkeit von Calciumhydroxid hat das beim Hydratationsprozess des Bindemittels frei werdende Kalkhydrat durch den Kapillarporenraum des Betongefuges Gelegenheit, mit dem Anmachwasser gelöst an die Betonoberfläche zu wandern. Dort reagiert das Calciumhydroxid mit dem CO2 der Luft, wodurch schwerlösliches Calciumcarbonat (CaCO3) entsteht, welches auf der Betonoberfläche ausscheidet.Efflorescence (lime deposits) on concrete surfaces often occurs in cool and wet weather. As a result of the delay in the hardening process and thus a better solubility of calcium hydroxide, the lime hydrate released during the hydration process of the binder has the opportunity to migrate dissolved to the concrete surface with the mixing water through the capillary pore space of the concrete structure. There the calcium hydroxide reacts with the CO 2 in the air, creating poorly soluble calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), which is excreted on the concrete surface.
Durch extern eindringendes Fremdwasser (Regen-/Kondenswasser) werden Ausblühungen häufig stark gefordert. Je nach der Dichtigkeit des Betongefuges und der Verdunstungs- Geschwindigkeit kann Calciumcarbonat an der Oberfläche sichtbar, aber auch unsichtbar innerhalb des Gefüges im Porenraum vorkommen. Die Stärke der Ausblühungen hängt insbesondere vom Wasser-Zement- Wert ab, der unten näher erläutert ist.Efflorescence is often heavily required due to external water (rain / condensation). Depending on the density of the concrete structure and the rate of evaporation, calcium carbonate can be visible on the surface, but also invisible within the structure in the pore space. The degree of efflorescence depends in particular on the water-cement value, which is explained in more detail below.
Beton wird aus Zement, Wasser und Gesteinskörnungen hergestellt. Zur Beeinflussung bestimmter Betoneigenschaften können ferner Betonzusätze zugegeben werden. Frischbeton, d.h. Beton, der noch verarbeitet werden kann, wird eine gewünschte Form gegeben, die er im erhärteten Zustand, als künstlicher Stein, beibehält.Concrete is made from cement, water and aggregates. Concrete additives can also be added to influence certain concrete properties. Fresh concrete, i.e. Concrete that can still be processed is given a desired shape, which it retains in the hardened state, as an artificial stone.
Die Gesteinskörnungen können natürliche Gesteinskömungen, nicht gebrochen oder gebrochen, wie Sand, Kies, Brechsand, Splitt und Schotter, und industriell hergestellte Gesteinskörnungen, wie Hochofenbrechsand und Hochofenschlackensplitt, und Mischungen derselben umfassen. Der für den Beton verwendete Zement ist ein hydraulisches Bindemittel. Er wird mit Wasser angemacht und erhärtet durch Hydratation sowohl an der Luft als auch unter Wasser. Der entstandene Zementstein ist wasserbeständig. Mischt man Wasser und Zement, so entsteht zunächst Zementleim. Dieser Vorgang findet beim Mischen des Betons statt. Der Zementleim umhüllt die Gesteinskörner, füllt die Hohlräume zwischen ihnen aus und macht den Frischbeton verarbeitbar. Durch Erhärten des Zementleims entsteht dann Zementstein, der die Gesteinskörner miteinander verkittet. Viele Materialeigenschaften des fertigen Festbetons hängen von den Eigenschaften des Zementsteins ab, insbesondere von dem Wasser-Zement- Wert (W/Z- Wert), d.h. dem Massenverhältnis von Wasser zu Zement. Der optimale W/Z- Wert beeinflußt beispielsweise die Festigkeit, die Ausblühneigung, die Frost-Tausalz- Beständigkeit, etc. des Festbetons.The aggregates can include natural aggregates, not broken or broken, such as sand, gravel, crushed sand, grit and crushed stone, and industrially manufactured aggregates, such as blast furnace sand and blast furnace slag, and mixtures thereof. The cement used for the concrete is a hydraulic binder. It is mixed with water and hardened by hydration both in the air and under water. The resulting cement stone is water-resistant. If you mix water and cement, cement glue is created first. This process takes place when the concrete is mixed. The cement paste envelops the aggregates, fills the voids between them and makes the fresh concrete workable. By hardening the cement paste, cement stone is then created that cemented the aggregates together. Many material properties of the finished hardened concrete depend on the properties of the cement block, in particular on the water-cement value (W / Z value), ie the mass ratio of water to cement. The optimal W / Z value influences, for example, the strength, the tendency to bloom, the resistance to freeze-thaw salt, etc. of the hardened concrete.
Zum Härten des Betons (vollständige Hydratation) ist eine verhältnismäßig geringe Wassermenge notwendig. Aus der Betontechnologie ist allgemein bekannt, daß ein W/Z- Wert von 0,40 als dabei optimal anzusehen ist. In diesem Zusammenhang ist zu erwähnen, daß der Zement nur eine Wassermenge von etwa 40 % seiner Masse binden kann (etwa 25 % chemisch und 15 % physikalisch). Jedoch kann ein W/Z- Wert von 0,40 auch nachteilig sein, da dann zum einen eine Konsistenz des Zementleims erhalten wird, die die Betonmischung schwierig zu verarbeiten macht, beispielsweise ist mit diesem W/Z- Wert eine Produktion in einem Rüt- tel-Preßverfahren nicht möglich, und zum anderen die aus einer solchen Betonmischung hergestellten Betonwaren formlabil werden, ausbauchen, nicht standfest sind und an den Formteilen ankleben.A relatively small amount of water is required to harden the concrete (complete hydration). It is generally known from concrete technology that a W / Z value of 0.40 can be regarded as optimal. In this context it should be mentioned that the cement can only bind an amount of water of about 40% of its mass (about 25% chemically and 15% physically). However, a W / Z value of 0.40 can also be disadvantageous, since on the one hand a consistency of the cement paste is obtained which makes the concrete mixture difficult to process, for example with this W / Z value a production in a tel-pressing process is not possible, and on the other hand the concrete products made from such a concrete mix become form-unstable, bulge, are not stable and stick to the molded parts.
Beim Rüttel-Preß- Verfahren wird der Beton (Hinterbeton oder Kernbeton) unter Vibration mittels Füllwagen in die entsprechende Form eingebracht und kurz verdichtet. Auf diesen Beton wird anschließend der Vorsatzbeton aufgebracht und die gesamte Mischung hydraulisch endverdichtet (Preßdruck) und ausgetragen (sogenannter zweischichtiger Aufbau). Bei einer einschichtigen Fertigung wird nur Vorsatzbeton verwendet. Die Vorteile eines Rüttel- Preß- Verfahrens bestehen in einer schnellen und homogenen Verdichtung, einem geringen Wasserzementwert und dadurch einer hohen Festigkeit der Betonprodukte, kurzen Taktzeiten und einer sofortigen Entschalung, vielfältigen Formgebungsmöglichkeiten, einer rationellen Herstellung der gewünschten Stückzahl und einer vollautomatischen Produktion. Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die gattungsgemäße Betonware dahingehend weiterzuentwickeln, daß die Nachteile des Stands der Technik überwunden werden, insbesondere eine Betonware bereitgestellt wird, bei der höhere W/Z- Werte eingestellt werden können, ohne daß zwangsläufig die Konsistenz des Betons wesentlich verändert wird. Eine weitere Aufgabe besteht darin, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Betonware, die einen erfindungsgemäßen Betonverdicker enthält, bereitzustellen.In the vibratory press method, the concrete (back concrete or core concrete) is vibrated into the appropriate shape using a filling truck and compacted briefly. The facing concrete is then applied to this concrete and the entire mixture is hydraulically finally compacted (baling pressure) and discharged (so-called two-layer structure). In the case of single-layer production, only facing concrete is used. The advantages of a vibratory press process are fast and homogeneous compaction, a low water cement value and thus a high strength of the concrete products, short cycle times and immediate demolding, diverse shaping options, efficient production of the desired number of pieces and fully automated production. An object of the present invention is to further develop the generic concrete product in such a way that the disadvantages of the prior art are overcome, in particular a concrete product is provided in which higher W / C values can be set without the consistency of the concrete necessarily being essential is changed. Another object is to provide a method for producing a concrete product which contains a concrete thickener according to the invention.
Die erste Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Betonware einen Betonverdicker enthält, der die folgenden Komponenten umfaßt:The first object is achieved in that the concrete product contains a concrete thickener which comprises the following components:
etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Verdickungsmittels;about 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight of at least one thickener;
etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Hydrophobie- radditivs; undabout 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight, of at least one hydrophobic wheel additive; and
Rest Wasser.Rest of water.
Bevorzugt ist das Verdickungsmittel ein organisches oder anorganisches Polymer.The thickener is preferably an organic or inorganic polymer.
Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, daß das Verdickungsmittel ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyacrylaten, Polymethacrylaten, Polyurethanen, Alginaten, Polyosen, Cellulosede- rivaten, Polycarbonsäuren, Polyethern, Polyiminen, Polyamiden, Kieselsäurederivaten, Zeo- lithen und/oder Kombinationen derselben, wobei Polyacrylate, Polyurethane, Cellulosederiva- te und Kieselsäurederivate bevorzugt sind.It can be provided that the thickener is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes, alginates, polyoses, cellulose derivatives, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides, silicic acid derivatives, zeolites and / or combinations thereof, polyacrylates , Polyurethanes, cellulose derivatives and silicic acid derivatives are preferred.
Vorteilhafterweise ist vorgesehen, daß der Betonverdicker in der Betonware in einem Anteil von etwa 0,01 bis etwa 2,0 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von etwa 0,04 bis etwa 1,0 Gew.-% vorliegt. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, daß das Hydrophobieradditiv ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Silanen, Siloxanen, Sihconen, Siliconaten, Fluorsilikaten, Hydrosilanen, Fettsäuren und deren Salze, Wachsen, Acrylharzen, Epoxidharzen, Polyurethanen, Wassergläsern (Alkalisilikate), Kieselsäureester und/oder Kombinationen derselben.It is advantageously provided that the concrete thickener is present in the concrete product in a proportion of approximately 0.01 to approximately 2.0% by weight, preferably approximately 0.04 to approximately 1.0% by weight. It is further preferred that the hydrophobizing additive is selected from the group consisting of silanes, siloxanes, silicon cones, siliconates, fluorosilicates, hydrosilanes, fatty acids and their salts, waxes, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, water glasses (alkali silicates), silicic acid esters and / or combinations thereof ,
Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, daß der Betonverdicker Farbstoffe, wasserlösliche Polymere, Polymerdispersionen, oberflächenaktive Substanzen oder Mischungen derselben umfaßt.It is also proposed that the concrete thickener comprise dyes, water-soluble polymers, polymer dispersions, surface-active substances or mixtures thereof.
Auch kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Betonware weitere Betonzusätze, wie Betonzusatzmittel und/oder Betonzusatzstoffe, enthält.It can also be provided that the concrete goods contain further concrete additives, such as concrete additives and / or concrete additives.
Dabei kann bevorzugt vorgesehen sein, daß die Betonzusatzmittel ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Betonverflüssigern, Fließmitteln, Luftporenbildnern, Dichtungsmitteln, Verzögerern, Beschleunigern, Einpreßhilfen, Stabilisierern, Chromatreduzierern, Recyclinghilfen für Waschwasser und/oder Kombinationen derselben, und die Betonzusatzstoffe ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Trass, Gesteinsmehl, Steinkohlenflugasche, Sili- kastaub, Pigmenten und oder Kombinationen derselben.It can preferably be provided that the concrete additives are selected from the group consisting of concrete plasticizers, flow agents, air entraining agents, sealants, retarders, accelerators, press-in aids, stabilizers, chromate reducers, recycling aids for washing water and / or combinations thereof, and the concrete additives are selected from the Group consisting of trass, rock flour, hard coal fly ash, silica dust, pigments and or combinations thereof.
Erfindungsgemäß zeichnet sich die Betonware bevorzugt durch einen Wasser-Zement- Wert von etwa 0,3 bis etwa 0,5 bevorzugt etwa 0,4 aus.According to the invention, the concrete product is preferably characterized by a water-cement value of approximately 0.3 to approximately 0.5, preferably approximately 0.4.
Vorteilhaft ist Betonware vorgesehen, die in einem Rüttel-Preßverfahren hergestellt ist.Concrete goods are advantageously provided which are produced in a vibratory pressing process.
Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Betonware gelöst, welches die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:Another object of the invention is achieved by a method for producing a concrete product, which comprises the following steps:
Mischen von Zement, Gesteinskörnungen und Zugabewasser, und optional weiteren Betonzusätzen, wie Betonzusatzmitteln und/oder Betonzusatzstoffen, in einem Mischer; und anschließendes Zudosieren eines Betonverdickers zu der Mischung aus Schritt i), wobei der Betonverdicker die folgenden Komponenten umfaßt:Mixing cement, aggregates and addition water, and optionally other concrete additives, such as concrete additives and / or concrete additives, in a mixer; and then adding a concrete thickener to the mixture from step i), the concrete thickener comprising the following components:
etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Verdickungsmittels;about 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight of at least one thickener;
etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Hydrophobieradditivs; undabout 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight, of at least one hydrophobic additive; and
Rest Wasser.Rest of water.
Ferner kann vorgesehen sein, daß das Zudosieren des Betonverdickers über eine Entleerungspumpe und eine Sprühdüse in den Mischer erfolgt.It can also be provided that the concrete thickener is metered into the mixer via an emptying pump and a spray nozzle.
Auch wird ein Betonverdicker, insbesondere zum Verdicken einer Betonware, vorgeschlagen, der die folgenden Komponenten umfaßt:A concrete thickener is also proposed, in particular for thickening a concrete product, which comprises the following components:
etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Verdickungsmittels;about 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight of at least one thickener;
etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Hydrophobieradditivs; undabout 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight, of at least one hydrophobic additive; and
Rest Wasser.Rest of water.
Dabei ist das Verdickungsmittel bevorzugt ein organisches oder anorganisches Polymer. Schließlich ist dabei besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, daß das Verdickungsmittel ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyacrylaten, Polymethacrylaten, Polyurethanen, Algina- ten, Polyosen, Cellulosederivaten, Polycarbonsäuren, Polyethern, Polyiminen, Polyamiden, Kieselsäurederivaten, Zeolithen und/oder Kombinationen derselben.The thickener is preferably an organic or inorganic polymer. Finally, it is particularly preferably provided that the thickener is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes, alginates, polyoses, cellulose derivatives, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides, silicic acid derivatives, zeolites and / or combinations thereof.
Der Erfindung liegt die überraschende Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß einer gattungsgemäßen Betonware durch Zusatz eines erfindungsgemäßen Betonverdickers eine zusätzliche Menge an Wasser angeboten werden kann und das Abbindeverhalten des Betons wesentlich verbessert wird, ohne daß die daraus resultierende Konsistenz des Betons die Verarbeitbarkeit und Verwendbarkeit des Betons in bestimmten Herstellungsverfahren einschränkt. Die erfindungsgemäßen Betonwaren sind formstabil, bauchen nicht aus, sind standfest und kleben nicht an den Formteilen, ermöglichen also insbesondere ein frisches Entschalen der Betonware.The invention is based on the surprising finding that an additional amount of water can be offered to a generic concrete product by adding a concrete thickener according to the invention and the setting behavior of the concrete is significantly improved without the resulting consistency of the concrete determining the workability and usability of the concrete Manufacturing process restricted. The concrete products according to the invention are dimensionally stable, do not bulge, are stable and do not stick to the molded parts, and thus in particular enable fresh removal of the formwork from the concrete.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Betonware wird die große Menge an Wasser, die bei einem hohen Wasser-Zement- Wert in der Betonmischung vorhanden ist, wie einem W/Z- Wert von etwa 0,40, durch den Betonverdicker zunächst gespeichert und nach und nach zur Hydratation des Zements abgegeben. Dabei wird jedoch nur so viel Wasser abgegeben, wie zur Hydratation nötig ist, ein Wasserüberschuß mit den damit verbundenen Nachteilen wird vermieden.In the concrete product according to the invention, the large amount of water which is present in the concrete mixture at a high water-cement value, such as a W / Z value of approximately 0.40, is initially stored by the concrete thickener and gradually for hydration of the cement. However, only as much water is released as is necessary for hydration, an excess of water with the associated disadvantages is avoided.
Eine weitere wichtige Eigenschaft des erfindungsgemäßen Betonverdickers ist seine hydrophobe Einstellung durch ein vorhandenes Hydrophobieradditiv. Dieses Hydrophobieradditiv sorgt dafür, daß Wasser von außerhalb der Betonmischung abgestoßen wird und der Hydratationsprozeß zum Abbinden des Betons nicht negativ beeinflußt wird, nämlich durch eventuelle Verschiebung des Hydratationsgleichgewichts.Another important property of the concrete thickener according to the invention is its hydrophobic setting by means of an existing hydrophobic additive. This water repellent additive ensures that water is repelled from outside the concrete mix and that the hydration process for setting the concrete is not negatively influenced, namely by a possible shift in the hydration balance.
Durch Zusatz des erfindungsgemäßen Betonverdickers zu einer erfindungsgemäßen Betonware wird die Ausblühneigung des resultierenden Festbetons stark reduziert. Ferner wird die Betonfestigkeit erhöht, da eine erhöhte Wasserzugabe möglich ist. Des weiteren zeigt die erfindungsgemäß Betonware eine ausgezeichnete Verdichtungswilligkeit ohne Klebeerscheinungen, sowie eine hohe Grünstandsfestigkeit. Schließlich wird das Wassereindringvermögen verringert und eine hohe Frost-Tausalz-Beständigkeit erreicht. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist darauf hinzuweisen, daß eine direkte Dosierung des Betonverdickers direkt auf die Gesteinskörnungen, wie es allgemein im Zusatzmittelbereich üblich ist, hier nicht möglich ist. Eine optimale Wirkung des Betonverdickers wird bevorzugt erzielt, wenn dieser auf die bereits fertige Mischung der Betonware dosiert wird. Die Dosierung erfolgt dabei bevorzugt mit einer Dosierwaage (Typ BPB, Beton- und Prüftechnik Blomberg GmbH & Co. KG, 32825 Blomberg) über eine Entleeφumpe und eine Sprühdüse in einen Mischer, der die Betonmischung enthält. Die Nachmischzeit mit dem Betonverdicker kann dabei etwa 30 Sekunden betragen. In dieser Zeit wird die eigentlich zu feuchte Betonmischung in eine, im KS-Verfahren verarbeitbare, Konsistenzstufe überfuhrt, d.h. in eine steife, "erdfeuchte" Konsistenz mit niedrigem Wasserzementwert.By adding the concrete thickener according to the invention to a concrete product according to the invention, the blooming tendency of the resulting hardened concrete is greatly reduced. Furthermore, the concrete strength is increased, since an increased addition of water is possible. Furthermore, the concrete product according to the invention shows an excellent compaction willingness without sticking, as well as a high green stability. Finally, the water penetration capacity is reduced and a high resistance to frost and de-icing salt is achieved. In the method according to the invention, it should be pointed out that direct metering of the concrete thickener directly onto the aggregates, as is common in the admixture area, is not possible here. An optimal effect of the concrete thickener is preferably achieved if it is dosed onto the already finished mixture of the concrete goods. The dosing is preferably carried out using a dosing scale (type BPB, Beton- und Prüftechnik Blomberg GmbH & Co. KG, 32825 Blomberg) via a drain pump and a spray nozzle into a mixer containing the concrete mixture. The post-mixing time with the concrete thickener can be about 30 seconds. During this time, the concrete mixture, which is actually too moist, is converted into a consistency level that can be processed using the KS process, ie into a stiff, "earth-moist" consistency with a low water cement value.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung und dem darin aufgeführten Beispiel für die Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Betonware.Further features and advantages of the present invention result from the following detailed description and the example given therein for the production of a concrete product according to the invention.
Eine typische Rezeptur für eine erfindungsgemäße Betonware ist wie folgt:A typical recipe for a concrete product according to the invention is as follows:
Zement: 380 kg/m3 Cement: 380 kg / m 3
Sand (Durchmesser der Sandkörner < 2 mm): 1.320 kg/m3 Splitt (Durchmesser der Splitteilchen 1-3 mm): 510 kg/m3 Zugabewasser: 151 kg/mSand (diameter of the sand grains <2 mm): 1,320 kg / m 3 grit (diameter of the split particles 1-3 mm): 510 kg / m 3 addition water: 151 kg / m
W/Z- Wert: 0,40 Betonverdicker: 1,14-1,90 kg/m3 W / Z value: 0.40 concrete thickener: 1.14-1.90 kg / m 3
Der Betonverdicker weist dabei eine Zusammensetzung auf aus etwa 30 Gew.-% Verdickungsmittel, etwa 30 Gew.-% Hydrophobieradditiv und dem Rest Wasser.The concrete thickener has a composition of about 30% by weight of thickener, about 30% by weight of hydrophobic additive and the rest water.
Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Betonware werden die genannten Bestandteile, mit Ausnahme des Betonverdickers, zunächst in einem Mischer vermischt. Nach entsprechender Vermischung wird der Betonverdicker, vorzugsweise über eine Sprühdüse, zudosiert und durch weitere Vermischung eine verarbeitbare Konsistenz erzielt.To produce the concrete goods according to the invention, the constituents mentioned, with the exception of the concrete thickener, are first mixed in a mixer. After corresponding Mixing is metered into the concrete thickener, preferably via a spray nozzle, and a workable consistency is achieved by further mixing.
Bei Verwendung der oben angegebenen Rezeptur wird schließlich eine Betonware erhalten, die die in der Beschreibung ausgeführten Vorteile und Eigenschaften aufweist.When using the recipe given above, a concrete product is finally obtained which has the advantages and properties stated in the description.
Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung und in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in jeder beliebigen Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausfuhrungsformen wesentlich sein. The features of the invention disclosed in the above description and in the claims can be essential both individually and in any combination for realizing the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Betonware, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betonware einen Betonverdicker enthält, der die folgenden Komponenten umfaßt:1. Concrete product, characterized in that the concrete product contains a concrete thickener which comprises the following components:
a) etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Verdickungsmittels ;a) about 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight, of at least one thickener;
b) etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Hydrophobieradditivs; undb) about 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight, of at least one hydrophobizing additive; and
c) Rest Wasser.c) rest of water.
2. Betonware nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verdickungsmittel ein organisches oder anorganisches Polymer ist.2. Concrete product according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickener is an organic or inorganic polymer.
3. Betonware nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verdickungsmittel ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyacrylaten, Polymethacrylaten, Polyurethanen, Alginaten, Polyosen, Cellulosederivaten, Polycarbonsäuren, Polyethern, Polyiminen, Polyamiden, Kieselsäurederivaten, Zeolithen und/oder Kombinationen derselben, wobei Polyacrylate, Polyurethane, Cellulosederivate und Kieselsäurederivate bevorzugt sind.3. Concrete product according to claim 2, characterized in that the thickener is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes, alginates, polyoses, cellulose derivatives, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides, silicic acid derivatives, zeolites and / or combinations thereof, where Polyacrylates, polyurethanes, cellulose derivatives and silicic acid derivatives are preferred.
4. Betonware nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Betonverdicker in der Betonware in einem Anteil von etwa 0,01 bis etwa 2,0 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von etwa 0,04 bis etwa 1,0 Gew.-% vorliegt.4. Concrete product according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete thickener in the concrete product in a proportion of approximately 0.01 to approximately 2.0% by weight, preferably approximately 0.04 to approximately 1.0% by weight. % is present.
5. Betonware nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Hydrophobieradditiv ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Silanen, Silo- xanen, Sihconen, Siliconaten, Fluorsilikaten, Hydrosilanen, Fettsäuren und deren Salze, Wachsen, Acrylharzen, Epoxidharzen, Polyurethanharzen, Wassergläsern (Alkalisilikate), Kieselsäureester und/oder Kombinationen derselben.5. Concrete product according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophobic additive is selected from the group consisting of silanes, silo xanes, silicon cones, siliconates, fluorosilicates, hydrosilanes, fatty acids and their salts, waxes, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, water glasses (alkali silicates), silicic acid esters and / or combinations thereof.
6. Betonware nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Betonverdicker ferner Farbstoffe, wasserlösliche Polymere, Polymerdispersionen, oberflächenaktive Substanzen oder Mischungen derselben umfaßt.6. Concrete product according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete thickener further comprises dyes, water-soluble polymers, polymer dispersions, surface-active substances or mixtures thereof.
7. Betonware nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betonware weitere Betonzusätze, wie Betonzusatzmittel und/oder Betonzusatzstoffe, enthält.7. Concrete goods according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete goods contain further concrete additives, such as concrete admixtures and / or concrete additives.
8. Betonware nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betonzusatzmittel ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Betonverflüssigern, Fließmitteln, Luftporenbildnern, Dichtungsmitteln, Verzögerern, Beschleunigern, Einpreßhilfen, Stabilisierern, Chromatreduzierern, Recyclinghilfen für Waschwasser und oder Kombinationen derselben, und die Betonzusatzstoffe ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Trass, Gesteinsmehl, Steinkohlenflugasche, Silikastaub, Pigmenten und/oder Kombinationen derselben.8. Concrete goods according to claim 7, characterized in that the concrete additives are selected from the group consisting of plasticizers, flow agents, air entraining agents, sealants, retarders, accelerators, press-in aids, stabilizers, chromate reducers, recycling aids for washing water and or combinations thereof, and the concrete additives are selected are from the group consisting of trass, rock flour, coal fly ash, silica fume, pigments and / or combinations thereof.
9. Betonware nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Wasser-Zement- Wert von etwa 0,3 bis etwa 0,5, bevorzugt etwa 0,4.9. Concrete product according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a water-cement value of approximately 0.3 to approximately 0.5, preferably approximately 0.4.
10. Betonware nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, die in einem Rüttel- Preßverfahren hergestellt ist.10. Concrete product according to one of the preceding claims, which is produced in a vibratory pressing process.
11. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Betonware, insbesondere nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, welches die folgenden Schritte umfaßt: i) Mischen von Zement, Gesteinskörnungen und Zugabewasser, und optional weiteren Betonzusätzen, wie Betonzusatzmitteln und/oder Betonzusatzstoffen, in einem Mischer; und11. A method for producing a concrete product, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, which comprises the following steps: i) mixing cement, aggregates and added water, and optionally other concrete additives, such as concrete additives and / or concrete additives, in a mixer; and
ii) anschließendes Zudosieren eines Betonverdickers zu der Mischung aus Schritt i), wobei der Betonverdicker die folgenden Komponenten umfaßt:ii) subsequently adding a concrete thickener to the mixture from step i), the concrete thickener comprising the following components:
a) etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Verdickungsmittels ;a) about 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight, of at least one thickener;
b) etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Hydrophobieradditivs; undb) about 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight, of at least one hydrophobizing additive; and
c) Rest Wasser.c) rest of water.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zudosieren des Betonverdickers über eine Entleerungspumpe und eine Sprühdüse in den Mischer erfolgt.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the metering of the concrete thickener takes place via an emptying pump and a spray nozzle in the mixer.
13. Betonverdicker, insbesondere zum Verdicken einer Betonware, der die folgenden Komponenten umfaßt:13. Concrete thickener, in particular for thickening a concrete product, which comprises the following components:
a) etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Verdickungsmittels;a) about 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight, of at least one thickener;
b) etwa 20 bis etwa 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt etwa 30 Gew.-% mindestens eines Hydrophobieradditivs; undb) about 20 to about 40% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight, of at least one hydrophobizing additive; and
c) Rest Wasser. c) rest of water.
14. Betonverdicker nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verdickungsmittel ein organisches oder anorganisches Polymer ist.14. Concrete thickener according to claim 13, characterized in that the thickener is an organic or inorganic polymer.
15. Betonverdicker nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verdickungsmittel ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyacrylaten, Polymethacrylaten, Polyurethanen, Alginaten, Polyosen, Cellulosederivaten, Polycarbonsäuren, Polyethern, Polyiminen, Polyamiden, Kieselsäurederivaten, Zeolithen und/oder Kombinationen derselben. 15. Concrete thickener according to claim 14, characterized in that the thickener is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes, alginates, polyoses, cellulose derivatives, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides, silicic acid derivatives, zeolites and / or combinations thereof.
EP04738550A 2003-07-14 2004-05-25 Concrete thickener for thickening concrete articles, concrete articles and method for the production thereof Withdrawn EP1644299A1 (en)

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DE10331758A DE10331758B4 (en) 2003-07-14 2003-07-14 Process for their preparation of a non-hardened concrete mixture and use of a mixture as concrete thickener
PCT/DE2004/001081 WO2005007594A1 (en) 2003-07-14 2004-05-25 Concrete thickener for thickening concrete articles, concrete articles and method for the production thereof

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