EP1510755B1 - Burner with lance and staged fuel supply. - Google Patents
Burner with lance and staged fuel supply. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1510755B1 EP1510755B1 EP04104099.9A EP04104099A EP1510755B1 EP 1510755 B1 EP1510755 B1 EP 1510755B1 EP 04104099 A EP04104099 A EP 04104099A EP 1510755 B1 EP1510755 B1 EP 1510755B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- fuel
- combustion air
- fuel outlet
- openings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details
- F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
- F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
- F23D17/002—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
Definitions
- the invention relates to a burner, consisting essentially of a swirl generator for a combustion air flow, with a conical swirl space and means for introducing fuel into the combustion air flow, wherein the swirl generator combustion air inlet openings for the tangential entering into the conical swirl chamber combustion air flow and the Means for introducing fuel into the combustion air flow include a first fuel supply having a first group of substantially arranged in the direction of the burner axis fuel outlet openings for a first premix fuel.
- the conical swirl generator composed of several shells produces a closed swirl flow in the conical head, which becomes unstable due to the increasing swirl along the conically expanding swirl space and merges into an annular swirl flow with backflow in the core.
- the shells of the swirl generator are assembled in such a way that tangential air inlet slots for combustion air are formed along the burner axis.
- Supplements for the premix gas, ie the gaseous fuel, which distributed in the direction of the burner axis are provided on the inflow edge of the conical shells formed thereby Have outlet openings for the premixed gas.
- the gas is injected through the outlet openings or bores transversely to the air inlet gap. This injection, in conjunction with the swirl generated in the swirl space of the combustion air-fuel gas flow to a good mixing of the fuel or premixed gas with the combustion air. Good mixing is the prerequisite for low NO x values in the combustion process in premix burners of this kind.
- a burner for a heat generator which has an additional mixing section for further mixing of fuel and combustion air following the swirl generator.
- This mixing section can be designed, for example, as a downstream tube, into which the flow emerging from the swirl generator is transferred without appreciable flow losses. Through this additional mixing section, the degree of mixing can be further increased and thus the pollutant emissions can be reduced.
- One possible measure for encountering the risk of flashback is to provide a fuel injection which is as far downstream as possible from the premix section, which, however, considerably shortens the mixing section to form a completely mixed fuel-air mixture.
- the EP 0 918 191 A1 provides to improve the degree of mixing between fuel and air in the flow direction through the combustion air inlet openings set back injection of fuel, so that there is a partial mixing between fuel and combustion air before they flow into the other interior of the swirl generator.
- extensive and structurally complicated flow-related measures must be taken within the burner structure.
- the burner's performance in terms of flame stability, emissions and the occurrence of thermoacoustic pulsations in burners are subject to far greater instabilities for the operation of medium and smaller power gas turbine engines than for burners designed for high performance gas turbine engines ,
- WO 01/9675 describes a dual-cone burner with two independent fuel feeds.
- the invention has for its object to design a burner of the type mentioned, in particular according to the preamble of claim 1, such that the performance of the burner should be designed to be stable in the largest possible operating range, ie the burner is independent of the current load a have as constant combustion stability. Moreover, the burner should also be able to be operated stably with different fuel types or qualities and in particular at lower burner outputs.
- the inventive measures should be simple and inexpensive to implement and, moreover, allow the possibility of retrofitting on already existing burners. Within the large operating range required above, the burner is intended to ensure minimized emission of pollutants as well as maximum efficiency while forming a stable flame.
- the inventively constructed burner according to the features of the preamble of claim 1 is characterized by the combination of two measures.
- the burner has at least a second fuel supply with at least a second group of fuel outlet openings arranged substantially in the direction of the burner axis for a second premix fuel quantity, which can be acted upon by fuel independently of the first fuel supply.
- it is possible to individually set the fuel supply together with the combustion supply air into the conical swirl space in at least two separate spatial areas along the burner axis within the swirl space and thereby produce individual fuel-air mixtures within the swirl space depending on the current burner load.
- a burner lance protrudes along a burner axis from the sides of the swirl space with the smallest swirl space cross section into the swirl space and has at least one fuel outlet opening within the burner lance, through which fuel, preferably liquid fuel, can be discharged along the burner axis.
- the burner lance which projects into this at least 50% of the axial extent of the swirl space, on the one hand due to their preferably round outer contour to stabilize the swirling flow forming swirling dynamics within the swirl space, which ultimately also the flame front within the combustion chamber is stabilized, on the other hand, preferably oriented in the burner longitudinal axis fuel outlet opening within the burner lance an additional Ausdüsung of fuel in the swirl space, which merges with the introduced via the tangential combustion air inlet openings along the swirl generator combustion air and the stable formation of a downstream in contributes to the combustion chamber forming flame front.
- the advantage of the burner designed according to the invention can be seen in the multistage fuel feed into the swirl chamber, whereby the burner behavior can be adjusted very finely dosed depending on the burner load.
- the presence of the burner lance within the swirl chamber which constitutes a type of flow body or flow body for the fuel-air mixture forming along the swirl space along the swirl space, decisively reduces the extent of the thermoacoustic pulsations that usually occur as a result of the combustion. Not only does this reduce the risk of flashback into the mixing zone of the premix burner, but the flame aerodynamically stabilized by the burner lance contributes to complete combustion of the fuel fraction in the fuel-air mixture, which ultimately can significantly reduce defective emissions.
- the inventive integration of the burner lance in an at least two-stage premix burner burner operation for each type of fuel is possible.
- provided within the swirl space burner lance allows the escape of liquid fuel, preferably axially in the direction of the burner axis.
- the burner lance provides at its burner lance tip the fuel discharge opening surrounded by an annular opening through which combustion air can be discharged along the burner axis, so that the fuel discharge is conically lined by the combustion air through the fuel discharge opening a centered Introduction of a liquid fuel-air mixture along the swirl space is created, in addition to the spirally propagating along the burner axis gaseous fuel-air mixture.
- the cone-shaped swirl generator provides at least two groups of fuel outlet openings along its combustion air inlet openings, through which individually selectable premix fuel quantities can each be fed into the swirl space.
- This makes it possible to achieve individual mixture distributions and mixing qualities, taking into account different combustion boundary conditions.
- a balance of different Wobbelwar be achieved by, for example, discharged via the first fuel supply a certain volume flow of fuel and the rest of the volume flow required for a certain power range is applied via the second fuel feeds.
- the burner according to the invention is not limited to just two fuel feeds with correspondingly arranged in the direction of the burner axis fuel outlet openings. Rather, the burner concept according to the invention also includes three-, four- and multi-stage fuel feeds with corresponding fuel outlet openings, each separated and from each other with gaseous fuel for a fuel outlet in the swirl space for forming a fuel-air mixture spreading along the burner axis are acted upon.
- the groups of the fuel outlet openings arranged essentially in the direction of the burner axis, which are each supplied individually with fuel via fuel feeds, are arranged in series in burner axles in corresponding exemplary embodiments or are designed to be partially overlapping at least in the burner axis.
- the special group-trained arrangements of fuel outlet openings along the burner axis in the combustion air inlet openings are basically no design-related limits set.
- the burner is preferably operated in the context of a heat generator, such as in a gas turbine, then in a starting phase of the gas turbine all the fuel can be supplied via the first fuel supply.
- the fuel can be divided, for example, to a first and one or more second fuel feeds.
- the second fuel outlet openings of the second fuel feed can have different mutual distances or flow cross sections compared to the first fuel outlet openings.
- the respective fuel discharge openings may also have the same mutual distances, but may be arranged offset to one another. This leads to a more uniform injection of Vormischbrennschers in the swirl chamber.
- the first fuel outlet openings over the entire axial extent of the combustion air inlet openings, the second fuel outlet openings may be arranged only in a certain axial portion. In the same way it is also possible, the first fuel outlet openings only in a first axial Provide portion and the second fuel outlet openings only in a subsequent to the first portion second axial portion - or vice versa.
- premix fuel for the independent application of the premix fuel to the first and the second fuel feed, these are equipped with different connections.
- means are further provided for independently controlling or controlling the premix fuel supply to the first and second fuel feeds.
- the different supply can be controlled for example by a suitable control valve.
- the premix burner has a swirl space 2 which widens conically starting from the burner head 1 and which is radially surrounded by a conical swirl generator 2, each consisting of at least two premix burner shells which have at least two combustion air inlet openings (not shown) for a tangential into the conical swirl space 2 include incoming combustion air flow.
- a conical swirl generator 2 each consisting of at least two premix burner shells which have at least two combustion air inlet openings (not shown) for a tangential into the conical swirl space 2 include incoming combustion air flow.
- a first group 4 of substantially arranged in the direction of the burner axis A fuel outlet openings are provided, which are supplied via a not shown first fuel supply with preferably gaseous fuel. Axially downstream of the first group 4 of the fuel outlet openings then there is a second group 5 of fuel outlet openings, which separately via a second fuel supply a second Vormischbrunstoffmenge can be supplied.
- the burner assembly shown in the figure is a so-called two-stage premix burner, wherein the order of the steps depends on the number of separate groups of separately supplied with gaseous fuel fuel outlet openings.
- embodiments are conceivable in which three and more groups of fuel outlet openings are arranged along the combustion air inlet openings.
- Such premixed burners allow, depending on the respective operating conditions, i. be it start, part load or full load conditions, an optimized fuel supply into the swirl chamber 2, whereby an optimized combustion is ensured.
- gaseous fuel is fed into the swirl space via the first group 4 of the fuel outlets.
- the fuel supply via the first stage of the fuel outlet openings 4 is supplemented by an independently regulated second fuel feed via the second stage of the fuel outlet openings 5.
- an exclusive Brennstöff feed over the second stage of the fuel outlet openings 5.
- the centrally projecting from the burner head 1 into the swirl chamber 2 inside burner lance 6 is due to its aerodynamically shaped round outer contour for stabilization of forming within the swirl chamber 2
- Fuel-air vortex flow the axialward according to longitudinal sectional view to the right in the subsequent, not shown combustion chamber propagates. Due to the aerodynamically stabilizing effect of the burner lance 6 on the forming fuel-air vortex flow, a spatially stable flame front is supported within the combustion chamber. Also, the burner lance the commonly occurring thermoacoustic vibrations are significantly reduced.
- At least one further fuel outlet opening 8 is provided at the burner tip 7 of the burner lance 6 through the liquid fuel axially to the Burner axis A is discharged.
- a preferably annular air outlet opening 9 is provided around the outlet opening 8 at the burner tip 7, through which the diessigbrennstoffaustrag is surrounded in the burner chamber by a preferably conically spreading air vortex flow.
- the liquid lance discharge through the burner lance 6 into the swirl chamber 2 leads to a central fuel enrichment within the vortex-shaped fuel-air mixture, whereby the flame front forming inside the combustion chamber (not shown) is additionally stabilized and the firing temperature is increased.
- the fuel input be it through the fuel outlet openings 4, 5 or 8 individually made coordinated with each other.
- the burner concept according to the invention opens up a high variability of control measures due to the large number of different, separately controllable fuel feeds in the presence of an aerodynamically stabilizing burner lance, which affects both the fuel type, fuel quantity and the spatial distribution of the fuel supply within the swirl generator.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Brenner, im wesentlichen bestehend aus einem Drallerzeuger für einen Verbrennungsluftstrom, mit einem kegelförmigen Drallraum und Mittel zum Einbringen von Brennstoff in den Verbrennungsluftstrom, wobei der Drallerzeuger Brennluft-Eintrittsöffnungen für den tangential in den kegelförmigen Drallraum eintretenden Verbrennungsluftstrom aufweist und die Mittel zum Einbringen von Brennstoff in den Verbrennungsluftstrom eine erste Brennstoffzuführung mit einer ersten Gruppe von im Wesentlichen in Richtung der Brennerachse angeordneten Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen für eine erste Vormischbrennstoffmenge umfassen.The invention relates to a burner, consisting essentially of a swirl generator for a combustion air flow, with a conical swirl space and means for introducing fuel into the combustion air flow, wherein the swirl generator combustion air inlet openings for the tangential entering into the conical swirl chamber combustion air flow and the Means for introducing fuel into the combustion air flow include a first fuel supply having a first group of substantially arranged in the direction of the burner axis fuel outlet openings for a first premix fuel.
Aus der
Zur weiteren Verbesserung eines derartigen Brenners ist aus der
Die vorstehend genannten Brennersysteme, die nach dem Konzept der mageren Vormischverbrennung arbeiten, weisen zwar niedrige Schadstoffemissionen auf, verfügen jedoch darüber hinaus über einen deutlich eingeschränkten Stabilitätsbereich. Insbesondere beim Einsatz niederkalorischer Brennstoffe, nämlich sogenannte MBTU- und LBTU-Brenngase, die durch die Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen entlang der Brennluft-Eintrittsöffnungen in den Drallraum einströmen, zeigt es sich, dass der Gasvordruck stark ansteigt, wodurch der Wirkungsgrad einer mit dem Brenner kombinierten Gasturbinenanlage signifikant reduziert wird. Darüber hinaus steigt die Flammengeschwindigkeit stark an, womit die Gefahr verbunden ist, dass die Flamme in den Brenner zurückschlägt. Bei einer derartigen Konstellation geht der Brenner in einen sogenannten Diffusionsmode über, was unweigerlich zu hohen NOx-Emissionen führt. Neben der Gefahr des Flammenrückschlages (flash-back) in die Mischzone des Brenners sowie dem Abheben und Verlöschen der Vormischflamme führen sogenannte thermoakustische Schwingungen zu deutlichen Einschränkungen im gesamten Betriebsverhalten des Brenners.The abovementioned burner systems, which operate on the concept of lean premix combustion, have low pollutant emissions, but also have a significantly limited stability range. In particular, when using low calorific fuels, namely so-called MBTU and LBTU fuel gases, which flow through the fuel outlet openings along the combustion air inlet openings in the swirl space, it turns out that the gas pressure increases sharply, whereby the efficiency of a combined with the burner gas turbine plant is significantly reduced. In addition, the flame speed increases sharply, which involves the risk that the flame strikes back into the burner. In such a constellation, the burner goes into a so-called diffusion mode, which inevitably leads to high NO x emissions. In addition to the risk of flashback in the mixing zone of the burner and the lifting and extinguishing the premix flame lead so-called thermoacoustic Vibrations to significant restrictions in the overall performance of the burner.
Eine mögliche Maßnahme zur Begegnung der Gefahr vor einem Flammenrückschlagens sieht eine möglichst weit stromab längs zur Vormischstrecke angebrachte Brennstoffeindüsung vor, wodurch sich jedoch die Mischstrecke zur Ausbildung eines vollständig durchmischten Brennstoff-Luftgemisches erheblich verkürzt.One possible measure for encountering the risk of flashback is to provide a fuel injection which is as far downstream as possible from the premix section, which, however, considerably shortens the mixing section to form a completely mixed fuel-air mixture.
Die
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Brenner der eingangs genannten Art, insbesondere gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, derart auszugestalten, dass das Betriebsverhalten des Brenners in einem möglichst großen Betriebsbereich stabil ausgebildet sein soll, d.h. der Brenner soll unabhängig von der aktuellen Last eine möglichst gleichbleibende Verbrennungsstabilität aufweisen. Überdies soll der Brenner auch mit unterschiedlichen Brennstoffarten bzw. -qualitäten und insbesondere bei niedrigeren Brennerleistungen stabil betrieben werden können. Die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen sollen einfach und kostengünstig realisierbar sein und überdies die Möglichkeit einer Retrofittierbarkeit an bereits bestehenden Brennern gestatten. Innerhalb des vorstehend geforderten großen Betriebsbereich soll der Brenner einen minimierten Schadstoffausstoßaufweiseh sowie einen maximalen Wirkungsgrad unter Ausbildung einer stabilen Flamme gewährleisten.The invention has for its object to design a burner of the type mentioned, in particular according to the preamble of
Die Lösung der der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Aufgabe ist im Anspruch 1 angegeben. Den Erfindungsgedanken vorteilhaft weiterbildende Merkmale sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf das Ausführungsbeispiel entnehmbar.The solution of the problem underlying the invention is specified in
Der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Brenner nach den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1 zeichnet sich durch die Kombination zweier Maßnahmen aus. So verfügt der Brenner wenigstens über eine zweite Brennstoffzuführung mit wenigstens einer zweiten Gruppe von im wesentlichen in Richtung der Brennerachse angeordneten Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen für eine zweite Vormischbrennstoffmenge, die unabhängig von der ersten Brennstoffzuführung mit Brennstoff beaufschlagbar ist. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Brennstoffzuführung gemeinsam mit dem Verbrennungszuluftstrom in den kegelförmigen Drallraum in wenigstens zwei getrennten Raumbereichen längs der Brennerachse innerhalb des Drallraumes individuell einzustellen und hierdurch in Abhängigkeit der aktuellen Brennerlast individuelle Brennstoff-Luftgemische innerhalb des Drallraumes zu erzeugen.The inventively constructed burner according to the features of the preamble of
Darüber hinaus ragt eine Brennerlanze längs einer Brennerachse von Seiten des Drallraumes mit dem kleinsten Drallraumquerschnitt in den Drallraum hinein und weist wenigstens eine Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnung innerhalb der Brennerlanze auf, durch die Brennstoff, vorzugsweise Flüssigbrennstoff, längs der Brennerachse ausbringbar ist. Die Brennerlanze, die über wenigstens 50% der axialen Erstreckung des Drallraumes in diesen hinein ragt, vermag zum einen aufgrund ihrer vorzugsweise rund ausgebildeten Außenkontur die sich strömungsdynamisch ausbildende Drallströmung innerhalb des Drallraumes zu stabilisieren, wodurch letztlich auch die Flammenfront innerhalb der Brennkammer stabilisiert wird, zum anderen ermöglicht die vorzugsweise in Brennerlängsachse orientierte Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnung innerhalb der Brennerlanze eine zusätzliche Ausdüsung von Brennstoff in den Drallraum, der sich mit der über die tangentialen Brennluft-Eintrittsöffnungen längs des Drallerzeugers eingebrachten Verbrennungsluft vermischt und zur stabilen Ausbildung einer sich stromab in der Brennkammer ausbildenden Flammenfront beiträgt.Moreover, a burner lance protrudes along a burner axis from the sides of the swirl space with the smallest swirl space cross section into the swirl space and has at least one fuel outlet opening within the burner lance, through which fuel, preferably liquid fuel, can be discharged along the burner axis. The burner lance, which projects into this at least 50% of the axial extent of the swirl space, on the one hand due to their preferably round outer contour to stabilize the swirling flow forming swirling dynamics within the swirl space, which ultimately also the flame front within the combustion chamber is stabilized, on the other hand, preferably oriented in the burner longitudinal axis fuel outlet opening within the burner lance an additional Ausdüsung of fuel in the swirl space, which merges with the introduced via the tangential combustion air inlet openings along the swirl generator combustion air and the stable formation of a downstream in contributes to the combustion chamber forming flame front.
Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Brenners ist in der mehrstufigen Brennstoffeinspeisung in den Drallraum zu sehen, wodurch das Brennerverhalten in Abhängigkeit der Brennerlast feinst dosiert eingestellt werden kann. Zugleich wird durch die Präsenz der Brennerlanze innerhalb des Drallraumes, die eine Art Strömungskörper bzw. Umströmungskörper für das sich längs zur Brennerachse innerhalb des Drallraumes ausbildenden Brennstoff-Luftgemisches darstellt, das Ausmaß der sich üblicherweise im Wege der Verbrennung einstellenden thermoakustischen Pulsationen entscheidend reduziert. Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Gefahr bezüglich des Flammenrückschlages in den Mischbereich des Vormischbrenners reduziert, zudem trägt die durch die Brennerlanze aerodynamisch stabilisierte Flamme zu einer vollständigen Verbrennung des Brennstoffanteils im Brennstoff-Luftgemisch bei, wodurch letztlich schadhafte Emissionen signifikant reduziert werden können.The advantage of the burner designed according to the invention can be seen in the multistage fuel feed into the swirl chamber, whereby the burner behavior can be adjusted very finely dosed depending on the burner load. At the same time, the presence of the burner lance within the swirl chamber, which constitutes a type of flow body or flow body for the fuel-air mixture forming along the swirl space along the swirl space, decisively reduces the extent of the thermoacoustic pulsations that usually occur as a result of the combustion. Not only does this reduce the risk of flashback into the mixing zone of the premix burner, but the flame aerodynamically stabilized by the burner lance contributes to complete combustion of the fuel fraction in the fuel-air mixture, which ultimately can significantly reduce defective emissions.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Integration der Brennerlanze in einen wenigstens zweifach gestuften Vormischbrenner ist ein Brennerbetrieb für jede Art von Brennstoff möglich. So gestattet die innerhalb des Drallraumes vorgesehene Brennerlanze den Austritt von flüssigem Brennstoff, vorzugsweise axialwärts in Richtung der Brennerachse.The inventive integration of the burner lance in an at least two-stage premix burner burner operation for each type of fuel is possible. Thus, provided within the swirl space burner lance allows the escape of liquid fuel, preferably axially in the direction of the burner axis.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sieht die Brennerlanze an ihrer Brennerlanzenspitze die Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnung vor, die von einer ringförmigen Öffnung umgeben ist, durch die Verbrennungsluft längs der Brennerachse ausbringbar ist, so dass der Brennstoffaustrag durch die Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnung von der Verbrennungsluft kegelförmig umkleidet wird, wodurch eine zentrierte Einbringung eines Flüssigbrennstoff-Luftgemisches längs des Drallraumes geschaffen wird, zusätzlich zu dem sich spiralförmig längs zur Brennerachse ausbreitenden gasförmigen Brennstoff-Luftgemisch.In a preferred embodiment, the burner lance provides at its burner lance tip the fuel discharge opening surrounded by an annular opening through which combustion air can be discharged along the burner axis, so that the fuel discharge is conically lined by the combustion air through the fuel discharge opening a centered Introduction of a liquid fuel-air mixture along the swirl space is created, in addition to the spirally propagating along the burner axis gaseous fuel-air mixture.
Wie bereits erwähnt, sieht der kegelförmig ausgebildete Drallerzeuger längs seiner Brennluft-Eintrittsöffnungen wenigstens zwei Gruppen von Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen vor, durch die jeweils getrennt individuell wählbare Vormischbrennstoffmengen in den Drallraum einspeisbar sind. Hierdurch ist es möglich, individuelle Mischungsverteilungen und Mischgüten unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Verbrennungsrandbedingungen zu erreichen. Weiterhin kann durch diese Ausgestaltung auch ein Ausgleich unterschiedlicher Wobbelzahlen erreicht werden, indem beispielsweise über die erste Brennstoff-Zuführung ein bestimmter Volumenstrom an Brennstoff ausgetragen und der Rest des für einen bestimmten Leistungsbereich erforderlichen Volumenstroms über die zweite Brennstoff-Zuführungen ausgebracht wird.
Durch geeignete Anordnung der zweiten Brennstoff-Zuführung mit der entsprechenden zweiten Gruppe von Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen relativ zu der ersten Brennstoff-Zuführung mit der ersten Gruppe von Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen lässt sich die axiale und radiale Brennstoffverteilung innerhalb des Brenners günstig beeinflussen.As already mentioned, the cone-shaped swirl generator provides at least two groups of fuel outlet openings along its combustion air inlet openings, through which individually selectable premix fuel quantities can each be fed into the swirl space. This makes it possible to achieve individual mixture distributions and mixing qualities, taking into account different combustion boundary conditions. Furthermore, by this configuration, a balance of different Wobbelzahlen be achieved by, for example, discharged via the first fuel supply a certain volume flow of fuel and the rest of the volume flow required for a certain power range is applied via the second fuel feeds.
By suitable arrangement of the second fuel supply with the corresponding second group of fuel outlet openings relative to the first fuel supply to the first group of fuel outlet openings, the axial and radial fuel distribution within the burner can be favorably influenced.
Durch eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des Brenners, bei der auch dritte und mehr Brennstoff-Zuführungen unabhängig voneinander mit Vormischbrennstoff, vorzugsweise gasförmigem Vormischbrennstoff, beaufschlagbar sind, lässt sich eine noch feinere abgestufte Anpassung der Mischungsverteilung und der Mischgüte an unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen vornehmen.By means of a preferred embodiment of the burner, in which third and more fuel feeds can be treated independently with premix fuel, preferably gaseous premix fuel, an even finer graduated adaptation of the mixture distribution and the mixing quality to different boundary conditions can be carried out.
Selbstverständlich ist der erfindungsgemäße Brenner nicht auf lediglich zwei Brennstoff-Zuführungen mit entsprechend in Richtung der Brennerachse angeordneten Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen beschränkt. Vielmehr umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Brennerkonzept auch drei-, vier- und mehrstufige Brennstoff-Zuführungen mit entsprechenden Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen, die jeweils getrennt und voneinander mit gasförmigem Brennstoff für einen Brennstoff-Austritt in den Drallraum zur Ausbildung eines sich längs der Brennerachse ausbreitenden Brennstoff-Luftgemisches beaufschlagbar sind.
Die Gruppen der im wesentlichen in Richtung der Brennerachse angeordneten Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen, die jeweils einzeln über Brennstoff-Zuführungen mit gasförmigem Brennstoff versorgt werden, sind in entsprechenden Ausführungsbeispielen in Brennerachse seriell hintereinander angeordnet oder entsprechend wenigstens in Brennerachse teilweise überlappend angeordnet ausgebildet. Den speziell gruppenweise ausgebildeten Anordnungen von Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen längs der Brennerachse im Bereich der Brennluft-Eintrittsöffnungen sind grundsätzlich keine konstruktionsbedingten Grenzen gesetzt.Of course, the burner according to the invention is not limited to just two fuel feeds with correspondingly arranged in the direction of the burner axis fuel outlet openings. Rather, the burner concept according to the invention also includes three-, four- and multi-stage fuel feeds with corresponding fuel outlet openings, each separated and from each other with gaseous fuel for a fuel outlet in the swirl space for forming a fuel-air mixture spreading along the burner axis are acted upon.
The groups of the fuel outlet openings arranged essentially in the direction of the burner axis, which are each supplied individually with fuel via fuel feeds, are arranged in series in burner axles in corresponding exemplary embodiments or are designed to be partially overlapping at least in the burner axis. The special group-trained arrangements of fuel outlet openings along the burner axis in the combustion air inlet openings are basically no design-related limits set.
Wird der Brenner in bevorzugter Weise im Rahmen eines Wärmeerzeugers betrieben, wie beispielsweise in einer Gasturbine, so kann in einer Startphase der Gasturbine der gesamte Brennstoff über die erste Brennstoffzuführung zugeführt werden. Im Volllastbetrieb des Wärmeerzeugers kann der Brennstoff beispielsweise auf eine erste sowie eine oder mehrere zweite Brennstoff-Zuführungen aufgeteilt werden.If the burner is preferably operated in the context of a heat generator, such as in a gas turbine, then in a starting phase of the gas turbine all the fuel can be supplied via the first fuel supply. In full load operation of the heat generator, the fuel can be divided, for example, to a first and one or more second fuel feeds.
Je nach gewünschten Einflussmöglichkeiten auf die Vormischung können die zweiten Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen der zweiten Brennstoff-Zuführung im Vergleich zu den ersten Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen andere gegenseitige Abstände oder Durchströmungsquerschnitte aufweisen. Gerade bei einer Anordnung, bei der unmittelbar neben einer ersten Brennstoff-Zuführung auch zumindest eine zweite Brennstoff-Zuführung vorgesehen ist, können die jeweiligen Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen auch die gleichen gegenseitigen Abstände aufweisen, jedoch versetzt zueinander angeordnet sein. Dies führt zu einer gleichmäßigeren Eindüsung des Vormischbrennstoffes in den Drallraum. Weiterhin können beispielsweise die ersten Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen über die gesamte axiale Erstreckung der Brennluft-Eintrittöffnungen, die zweiten Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen jedoch nur in einem bestimmten axialen Teilbereich angeordnet sein. In gleicher Weise ist es auch möglich, die ersten Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen nur in einem ersten axialen Teilbereich und die zweiten Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen nur in einem sich an den ersten Teilbereich anschließenden zweiten axialen Teilbereich vorzusehen - oder umgekehrt.Depending on the desired influence possibilities on the premix, the second fuel outlet openings of the second fuel feed can have different mutual distances or flow cross sections compared to the first fuel outlet openings. Especially in the case of an arrangement in which at least one second fuel feed is provided directly next to a first fuel feed, the respective fuel discharge openings may also have the same mutual distances, but may be arranged offset to one another. This leads to a more uniform injection of Vormischbrennstoffes in the swirl chamber. Furthermore, for example, the first fuel outlet openings over the entire axial extent of the combustion air inlet openings, the second fuel outlet openings, however, be arranged only in a certain axial portion. In the same way it is also possible, the first fuel outlet openings only in a first axial Provide portion and the second fuel outlet openings only in a subsequent to the first portion second axial portion - or vice versa.
Zur voneinander unabhängigen Beaufschlagung der ersten und der zweiten Brennstoff-Zuführung mit dem Vormischbrennstoff sind diese mit unterschiedlichen Anschlüssen ausgestattet. Vorzugsweise sind zusätzlich Mittel zur voneinander unabhängigen Regelung oder Steuerung der Vormischbrennstoff-Zufuhr zu den ersten und den zweiten Brennstoff-Zuführungen vorgesehen. Die unterschiedliche Zufuhr kann beispielsweise durch ein geeignetes Regelventil gesteuert werden.For the independent application of the premix fuel to the first and the second fuel feed, these are equipped with different connections. Preferably, means are further provided for independently controlling or controlling the premix fuel supply to the first and second fuel feeds. The different supply can be controlled for example by a suitable control valve.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand eines einzigen Ausführungsbeispieles unter Bezugnahme auf die einzige Figur beschrieben.The invention will be described below without limiting the general inventive concept with reference to a single embodiment with reference to the single figure.
In der Figur ist ein Längsschnitt durch einen stark schematisiert dargestellten Vormischbrenner mit Brennerlanze 6 gezeigt. Der Vormischbrenner verfügt über einen ausgehend vom Brennerkopf 1 sich konisch erweiternden Drallraum 2, der radial von einem kegelförmigen Drallerzeuger 2 umgeben ist, bestehend jeweils aus wenigstens zwei Vormischbrennerschalen, die wenigstens zwei Brennluft-Eintrittsöffnungen (nicht dargestellt) für einen tangential in den kegelförmigen Drallraum 2 eintretenden Verbrennungsluftstrom einschließen. Ein solcher Brenner ist in
Derart gestufte Vormischbrenner erlauben in Abhängigkeit des jeweiligen Betriebszutandes, d.h. sei es Start-, Teillast- oder Volllastbedingungen, eine optimierte Brennstoff-Zuführung in den Drallraum 2, wodurch eine optimierte Verbrennung gesorgt ist. Beispielsweise wird für magere Vormischbedingungen während der Startphase des Brenners gasförmiger Brennstoff über die erste Gruppe 4 der Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen in den Drallraum eingespeist. Nähert sich das Betriebsverhalten des Brenners dem Teillastbetrieb, so wird die Brennstoff-Zuführung über die erste Stufe der Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen 4 durch eine unabhängig davon geregelte zweite Brennstoff-Zuspeisung über die zweite Stufe der Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen 5 ergänzt. Im Volllastbetrieb eignet sich eine ausschließliche Brennstöff-Einspeisung über die zweite Stufe der Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen 5. Die zentral von Seiten des Brennerkopfes 1 in den Drallraum 2 hinein ragende Brennerlanze 6 dient aufgrund ihrer aerodynamisch geformten runden Außenkontur zur Stabilisierung der sich innerhalb des Drallraumes 2 ausbildenden Brennstoff-Luft-Wirbelströmung, die sich axialwärts gemäß Längsschnittdarstellung nach rechts in die sich anschließende, nicht dargestellte Brennkammer, ausbreitet. Durch die aerodynamisch stabilisierende Wirkung der Brennerlanze 6 auf die sich ausbildende Brennstoff-Luft-Wirbelströmung wird eine räumlich stabile Flammenfront innerhalb der Brennkammer unterstützt. Auch werden durch die Brennerlanze die üblicherweise auftretenden thermoakustischen Schwingungen erheblich reduziert.Such premixed burners allow, depending on the respective operating conditions, i. be it start, part load or full load conditions, an optimized fuel supply into the
Ferner ist an der Brennerspitze 7 der Brennerlanze 6 wenigstens eine weitere Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnung 8 vorgesehen, durch die Flüssigbrennstoff axialwärts zur Brennerachse A ausgetragen wird. Für eine effektive Durchmischung des aus der Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnung 8 austretenden Flüssigbrennstoffes mit Luft ist um die Austrittsöffnung 8 an der Brennerspitze 7 eine vorzugsweise ringförmige Luftaustrittsöffnung 9 vorgesehen, durch die der Flüssigbrennstoffaustrag in den Brennerraum von einer sich vorzugsweise kegelförmig ausbreitenden Luftwirbelströmung umgeben wird. Der durch die Brennerlanze 6 zentrale Flüssigbrennstoffaustrag in den Drallraum 2 führt zu einer zentralen Brennstoff-Anreicherung innerhalb des sich wirbelförmig ausbreitenden Brennstoff-Luftgemisches, wodurch die sich innerhalb der Brennkammer (nicht dargestellt) ausbildende Flammenfront zusätzlich stabilisiert wird und die Brenntemperatur erhöht wird.Furthermore, at least one further fuel outlet opening 8 is provided at the
Je nach Betriebsverhalten des Brenners kann der Brennstoffeintrag, sei es durch die Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen 4, 5 oder 8 individuell zueinander abgestimmt vorgenommen werden.Depending on the operating behavior of the burner, the fuel input, be it through the
Das erfindungsgemäße Brennerkonzept eröffnet durch die Vielzahl unterschiedlicher, getrennt regelbarer Brennstoff-Zuführungen in Gegenwart einer aerodynamisch stabilisierend wirkenden Brennerlanze eine hohe Variabilität an Regelmaßnahmen, die sowohl die Brennstoffart, Brennstoffmenge sowie auch die räumliche Verteilung der Brennstoff-Zufuhr innerhalb des Drallerzeugers betrifft.The burner concept according to the invention opens up a high variability of control measures due to the large number of different, separately controllable fuel feeds in the presence of an aerodynamically stabilizing burner lance, which affects both the fuel type, fuel quantity and the spatial distribution of the fuel supply within the swirl generator.
Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, neben dem rein axial gerichteten Flüssigbrennstoffaustrag aus der Brennerlanze durch nicht dargestellte, radial zur Brennerlanze angeordnete Brennstoff-Austrittsöffnungen Flüssigbrennstoff in den Drallraum 2 des Drallerzeugers 3 auszutragen.Of course, it is also possible, in addition to the purely axially directed Flüssigbrennstoffaustrag from the burner lance by not shown, arranged radially to the burner lance fuel outlet openings liquid fuel discharged into the
- 11
- Brennerkopfburner head
- 22
- Drallraumswirl space
- 33
- Drallerzeugerswirl generator
- 44
- Erste Gruppe an Brennstoff-AustrittsöffnungenFirst group of fuel outlets
- 55
- Zweite Gruppe an Brennstoff-AustrittsöffnungenSecond group of fuel outlets
- 66
- Brennerlanzeburnerlance
- 77
- BrennerlanzenspitzeBurner lance tip
- 88th
- Brennstoff-AustrittsöffnungFuel output port
- 99
- Luftaustrittsöffnung an der BrennerlanzenspitzeAir outlet opening at the burner lance tip
Claims (13)
- Burner, substantially comprising a swirl generator (3) for a combustion air flow, with a conical swirl chamber (2) and means for introducing fuel into the combustion air flow, wherein the swirl generator (3) has combustion air inlet openings for the combustion air flow entering the conical swirl chamber (2) tangentially, and the means for introducing fuel into the combustion air flow comprise a first fuel supply with a first group (4) of fuel outlet openings arranged substantially in the direction of the burner axis for a first premix fuel quantity, characterized in that the burner has at least one second fuel supply with at least one second group (5) of fuel outlet openings arranged substantially in the direction of the burner axis for a second premix fuel quantity, which openings can be supplied with fuel independently of the first fuel supply,
that a burner lance (6) protrudes into the swirl chamber (2) along a burner axis (A) from sides of the swirl chamber (2) with the smallest swirl chamber cross-section, that it extends along the burner axis to at least 50% of the length of the swirl chamber (29) surrounded by the swirl generator, and
that the means for introducing fuel into the combustion air flow furthermore comprise at least one fuel outlet opening (8) inside the burner lance (6), through which fuel can be delivered along the burner axis. - Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel outlet openings of at least one of the two groups (4, 5) are distributed over the entire axial extension of the combustion air inlet openings, and the fuel outlet openings of the other group are distributed over an axial part region of the combustion air inlet openings.
- Burner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fuel outlet openings of at least one of the groups (4, 5) are distributed over a first axial part region of the combustion air inlet openings, and the fuel outlet openings of the other group are distributed over further axial part regions of the combustion air inlet openings (4).
- Burner according to claim 3, characterized in that the axial part regions do not overlap.
- Burner according to claim 3, characterized in that at least two of the axial part regions at least partially overlap.
- Burner according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fuel outlet openings of the groups (4, 5) have different cross-sections.
- Burner according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the two groups (4, 5) of fuel outlet openings is arranged in the region of at least one of the combustion air inlet openings.
- Burner according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the combustion air inlet openings are tangential inlet slots running substantially in the direction of the burner axis (A).
- Burner according to claim 8, characterized in that the two groups of fuel outlet openings are arranged along the inlet slots.
- Burner according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the burner lance (6) has a burner lance tip (7) with a rounded contour protruding freely into the swirl chamber (29).
- Burner according to claim 10, characterized in that the fuel outlet opening is provided at the burner lance tip (7), through which opening the fuel can be delivered along the burner axis (A).
- Burner according to claim 11, characterized in that a ring aperture or an aperture arrangement (9) is provided at the burner lance tip (7), which surrounds the fuel outlet opening and through which the combustion air can be delivered along the burner axis (A), so that the fuel delivery through the fuel outlet opening is sumounded by the combustion air.
- Burner according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the burner lance (6) has a round outer cross-section contour, aerodynamically stabilising the combustion air flow inside the swirl chamber (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH14932003 | 2003-09-01 | ||
| CH14932003 | 2003-09-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1510755A1 EP1510755A1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
| EP1510755B1 true EP1510755B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
Family
ID=34085317
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04104099.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1510755B1 (en) | 2003-09-01 | 2004-08-26 | Burner with lance and staged fuel supply. |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7445445B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1510755B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1828684A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-09-05 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Premix burner comprising a mixing section |
| GB2434437B (en) | 2006-01-19 | 2011-01-26 | Siemens Ag | Improvements in or relating to combustion apparatus |
| EP2058590B1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2016-03-23 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for operating a burner |
| CN101910723B (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2013-07-24 | 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 | Device for burning hydrogen in a premix burner |
| GB2455289B (en) | 2007-12-03 | 2010-04-07 | Siemens Ag | Improvements in or relating to burners for a gas-turbine engine |
| US8479720B1 (en) | 2008-10-16 | 2013-07-09 | Oscar Enrique Figueroa | Heating device and method |
| JP5462502B2 (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2014-04-02 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Tubular flame burner |
| US8616002B2 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2013-12-31 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine premixing systems |
| US20120052451A1 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-01 | General Electric Company | Fuel nozzle and method for swirl control |
| KR102002042B1 (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2019-07-19 | 주성엔지니어링(주) | Substrate processing apparatus and substrate processing method |
| US20140209347A1 (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2014-07-31 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Cable Having a Sparse Shield |
| US9991023B2 (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2018-06-05 | Creganna Unlimited Company | Interconnect cable having insulated wires with a conductive coating |
| US11774093B2 (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2023-10-03 | General Electric Company | Burner cooling structures |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2109003B (en) | 1981-11-02 | 1985-05-30 | British Gas Corp | Sulphide-resistant iron-base alloy for coal gasifier |
| CH674561A5 (en) | 1987-12-21 | 1990-06-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| CH679692A5 (en) * | 1989-04-24 | 1992-03-31 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
| CH680816A5 (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1992-11-13 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
| EP0592717B1 (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1998-02-25 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Gas-operated premix burner |
| DE19545309A1 (en) * | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-12 | Asea Brown Boveri | Premix burner |
| ATE244380T1 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 2003-07-15 | Alstom | BURNER FOR OPERATION OF A HEAT GENERATOR |
| US6769903B2 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2004-08-03 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for operating a burner and burner with stepped premix gas injection |
| DE10049205A1 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-05-23 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Method and device for supplying fuel to a premix burner |
| DE10051221A1 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-07-11 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Burner with staged fuel injection |
| DE10064893A1 (en) * | 2000-12-23 | 2002-11-14 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Burner with graduated fuel injection |
| DE10205839B4 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2011-08-11 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Premix burner for reducing combustion-driven vibrations in combustion systems |
-
2004
- 2004-08-26 EP EP04104099.9A patent/EP1510755B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-01 US US10/931,052 patent/US7445445B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20050106522A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
| US7445445B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 |
| EP1510755A1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
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