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EP1594201B1 - Gleitfunkenzündkerze mit mehreren Funken - Google Patents

Gleitfunkenzündkerze mit mehreren Funken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1594201B1
EP1594201B1 EP20050300358 EP05300358A EP1594201B1 EP 1594201 B1 EP1594201 B1 EP 1594201B1 EP 20050300358 EP20050300358 EP 20050300358 EP 05300358 A EP05300358 A EP 05300358A EP 1594201 B1 EP1594201 B1 EP 1594201B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
insulating body
spark plug
high voltage
counter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20050300358
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1594201A1 (de
Inventor
André AGNERAY
Jean-Pierre Rivere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP1594201A1 publication Critical patent/EP1594201A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1594201B1 publication Critical patent/EP1594201B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/46—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps
    • H01T13/467—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps in parallel connection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-spark spark plug spark plug, intended in particular to equip an engine cylinder of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. It also relates to a cylinder head provided with such a candle.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a surface effect candle, that is to say using the effects of amplification of the electric field in the vicinity of an insulating surface.
  • the properties of surface effect candles are known to provide long-span sparks, greater than 3 mm, instead of less than 1 mm in the case of conventional candles.
  • spark plugs have a symmetry of revolution and having a conical end, as described for example in the document FR-2 792 374
  • the spark arises randomly anywhere on the periphery of the candle, which has drawbacks in the meeting between the fuel mixture and the initiating spark of combustion, the candle it - even masking part of the spark chamber.
  • the document FR 2,816,119 discloses a surface effect candle for directing the spark radially relative to the axis of the candle which prevents the candle mask part of the spark chamber.
  • FIG. 1 A model of surface candle described in this document is shown in Figure 1.
  • the candle is shaped to present a symmetry of revolution about its longitudinal axis. It comprises a cylindrical electrode 1 electrically connected to ground, which serves as a metal base. This base surrounds a high voltage electrode 2 of cylindrical shape disposed in central position.
  • the central electrode 2 is isolated from the base 1 via an insulating sleeve 3 of substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the lower end of the sleeve 3 has a circular collar shape 4 of greater diameter than the rest of the sleeve.
  • the flange 4 cooperates on one of its sides with a counter-electrode 5 in the form of a flange, which can be embedded in the sleeve, its opposite side having a surface 6 facing the combustion chamber.
  • the extreme part of the electrode controls 2 has a radially flared shape 7 which covers the insulating sleeve 3.
  • the electrostatic field in the vicinity of the surface 6 is then amplified by the counter electrode 5 connected to the ground electrode.
  • This candle is called a spark plug with radial spark as the spark is created on the surface 6 of the insulator, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spark plug.
  • the flange-shaped portion 4 of such a candle must have a small thickness to allow good amplification of the electrostatic field at the surface of the insulator and a low breakdown voltage. This small thickness weakens it, which requires precise assembly and a low tolerance of machining parts to avoid the application of mechanical stresses on the flange. Because of this fragility, a mounting of the candle directly into the base or the cylinder head during the foundry of these parts, causes a frequent rupture of the flange during manufacture or embrittlement that may cause deterioration of the candle later. The life of these candles once integrated in the cylinder head is therefore clearly insufficient. It is indeed not conceivable to change the cylinder head because of a faulty candle.
  • Such a candle also has the disadvantage of not being able to direct the spark in a predetermined direction, it may originate anywhere on the periphery of the spark plug, and in particular in a direction opposite to the air / fuel mixture, moreover, the generation of a single spark is not always sufficient to obtain a good ignition efficiency.
  • the invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by providing a surface effect candle capable of generating several spark simultaneously in predetermined directions and whose insulation has a better mechanical strength.
  • the candle according to the invention can also be manufactured at low cost with higher tolerances. It is particularly well suited to an integrated use in the cylinder head, but not limited to.
  • a first object of the invention relates to a surface-effect spark plug formed of an insulating body and provided with a ground electrode, in which the insulating body extends in a preferred direction D and ends with a substantially flat end face which extends in a plane P traversed by the direction D, characterized in that, in the direction D, the insulating body is traversed on its periphery by at least two electrodes supplied with high voltage, a pin-shaped end protruding from the end face of the insulating body, each lug extending in a predetermined direction E substantially parallel to the plane P, and in that, for each high voltage electrode, a counter-electrode connected to the ground is inserted into the insulating body, its end being located substantially vertically. of the pin of the corresponding high voltage electrode so as to generate a sufficient amplification of the electric field at the end of the pin to cause a spark to emerge towards the ground electrode during the application of a high voltage at the high voltage electrode.
  • the lugs of the high voltage electrodes are directed towards the outside of the insulating body, the ground electrode surrounds the insulating body, and the ends of the remote counter-electrodes of the lugs are in contact with the electrode. massive. The sparks are then generated to the outside of the spark plug, from the high voltage electrodes to the ground electrode along the end surface of the insulator body.
  • the lugs of the high-voltage electrodes are directed towards the inside of the insulating body, the ground electrode passes through the insulating body in the direction (D) close to the center of the insulating body and protrudes from the end face of the body, and the ends of the counter-electrodes distant pins are connected to the ground electrode. Sparks are generated from the high voltage electrodes to the ground electrode at the center of the spark plug.
  • the central position of the ground electrode distributes the high voltage electrodes regularly over the entire periphery of the insulating body. The central electrode is then grounded by external wiring at the upper end of the spark plug.
  • the lugs of the high voltage electrodes are directed towards the inside of the insulating body, the ground electrode has one end connected to the radially projecting mass of the insulating body and another end projecting from the face of the insulating body. end in the direction D, and the ends of the remote counter-electrodes pins are connected to the ground electrode.
  • the sparks are then generated towards the center of the candle in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.
  • said at least one counter-electrode is substantially in the form of a bar or wire and / or extends substantially parallel to a pin. This configuration facilitates its insertion into the insulating body of the candle while reducing the stresses exerted by the counter-electrode on the surrounding insulating body.
  • said at least one lug has an elongated shape tapered towards its end.
  • Such a shape can create a peak effect promoting the formation of the spark at the end of the pin and limiting the wear of the latter.
  • the ground electrode, or ground is formed by the yoke of an internal combustion engine, and each counter electrode, or the ground electrode, is in contact with, or partially embedded in, said cylinder head.
  • a metal base surrounding the insulating body forms the ground electrode, or is connected to ground, and each counter-electrode, or the ground electrode is in contact with, or partially embedded in the pellet.
  • the candle comprises between two and six high voltage electrodes.
  • the number of high voltage electrodes is chosen depending on the space available in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine and the cost of implementation since a high voltage coil is required for each high voltage electrode.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a cylinder head for a motor vehicle combustion engine, comprising at least one candle according to the invention.
  • a spark plug 10 comprises at least two peripheral electrodes 11, to each of which a high voltage will be applied, surrounded by an insulating body 12 made of a material whose dielectric coefficient is greater than one, for example ceramic.
  • the electrodes 11 and the insulating body 12 extend in the same preferred direction D.
  • the insulating body is cylindrical and the electrodes 11 are distributed close to the periphery of the insulating body.
  • the insulating body 12 has a symmetry of revolution whose axis is parallel to the direction D. At its lower end, the insulating body comprises a substantially flat end face 13 along which the sparks can be spread. This end face 13 extends in a plane P traversed by the direction D. This plane P is perpendicular to the plane of the sheet of FIGS. 2, 4 and 6. Once the candle has been inserted in a cylinder head 16, this plane s extends substantially in the extension of the bottom of the breech.
  • the direction D may be slightly inclined relative to the normal plane P-
  • the angle of inclination between the plane P and the direction D will then be determined according to the inclination of the candle relative to the bottom of the cylinder head in which it should be inserted.
  • the little space available above the cylinder head requires the inclined insertion of the spark plug with respect to the axis of the cylinder head, the end face 13 being placed substantially in the extension of the surface from below the breech.
  • Each peripheral electrode 11 has a cylindrical rod shape whose lower end has a lug 14 which protrudes from the end face 13 of the insulating body (FIGS. 2, 4, 6). This lug 14 extends in a direction E intersecting the direction D. It has a tapered shape towards its free end so as to limit its wear.
  • Each peripheral electrode 11 is inserted into the insulating body, for example during its manufacture, so that the lug 14 is pressed against the end face 13 of the insulating body and thus extends substantially in the same plane as that this. This position of each lug in contact with the end face of the insulating body reduces the bursting voltage of the candle.
  • the electrodes 11 may be inserted into holes drilled in the insulating body 12. These holes are for example regularly distributed near the periphery of the insulating body, following a regular polygon.
  • the number of electrodes 11 may be of the order of two to six, depending on the desired size of the candle 10.
  • a counter-electrode 15 associated with each peripheral electrode 11 is inserted into the insulating body 12.
  • the end of each counter electrode is located substantially vertically above the end of the electrode. corresponding pin 14, and its other end is connected to a ground electrode,
  • the position of the end of this counter-electrode to the plumb with the pin allows the generation of a spark at the end of ergot. It is therefore not necessary that the counter electrode 15 extends over the entire periphery of the insulating body, on the contrary, it is sufficient that it occupies only one low volume of the insulating body, provided that its end is substantially in line with the end of the lug.
  • the counter-electrode 15 has an elongated shape of small dimensions relative to the section of the insulating body. It is, for example, symmetrical, in the form of a cylindrical bar or a wire of small diameter extending substantially parallel to the lug 14 at a distance d from the latter in the direction D.
  • the dimensions of each counter-electrode are chosen according to congestion and to reduce mechanical stress and improve the stability of the spark. Their diameter can vary from a few microns to a few millimeters.
  • the distance d is not too high in order to limit the breakdown voltage, for example of the order of 1.5 to 2 mm for a breakdown voltage of the order of 18 kV under pressure.
  • Each counter-electrode 15 may be inserted into the insulating body 12 either during the manufacture thereof, for example by overmoulding in the material forming the insulating body, or after manufacture by drilling an orifice in the wall of the insulating body adapted to to receive it. The mechanical stresses are then localized around each counter-electrode of small dimensions.
  • the candle has four peripheral electrodes 11 distributed regularly near the periphery of the candle.
  • the lugs 14 of these electrodes are directed radially outwardly of the insulating body, towards the ground electrode 16 which is formed by the yoke of the motor surrounding the spark plug.
  • each counterelectrode 15 and the yoke 16 protrudes from the insulating body 12 and is embedded in the metal forming the cylinder head 16 ( Figures 2, 3).
  • This configuration is for example obtained by overmolding the candle in the metal.
  • the ground electrode 16 may be formed by a metal base overmolded on the spark plug, each counter-electrode 15 flush with the surface of the insulating body coming into contact with the base connected to ground, or well, a protruding portion of each counter electrode being embedded in the metal of the base.
  • a second embodiment of the candle is described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • This example differs from the previous one by the orientation of the lugs of the peripheral electrodes 11, which are directed towards the center of the candle, as well as by the position of the counter electrodes and the structure of the ground electrode.
  • the ground electrode 17 is formed of a rod-shaped central electrode passing through the insulating body 12 substantially in the direction D, in the center of the spark plug.
  • the lower end 18 of this electrode protrudes from the end face of the spark plug 13.
  • This lower end, in the form of a stud 18, opens out from the end face in a sealed manner.
  • the other end of the ground electrode is connected to ground by unrepresented wiring.
  • the counter-electrodes 15 are embedded in the material of the insulating body and placed radially in the direction E of each pin, so as to form a star.
  • the ends of the remote counter-electrodes of the lugs are connected to the ground electrode 17.
  • a metal cap surrounding the insulating body 12 may be provided.
  • the peripheral electrodes 11 are always directed towards the center of the candle, but the ground electrode 19 is formed of an L-shaped conductive rod. Part of this rod extends radially and its end is in contact with the cylinder head 16 surrounding the spark plug, connected to ground. The other part of this rod extends substantially in the center of the latter in the direction D and its end 18 projects sealingly from the end surface 13 of the insulating body. The ends of the counter-electrodes distant from the lugs then meet at the center of the candle and are connected to this conductive rod 19. The radial portion of the conductive rod 19 then takes the place of a peripheral electrode 11 relative to the other modes. of embodiment, so that only three peripheral electrodes are used in this example ( Figure 7). Depending on the dimensions of the insulating body 12, the number of these electrodes may however vary. Compared to the previous example, this configuration has the advantage of not requiring external wiring to connect the ground electrode to ground.
  • the candle may comprise a metal base connected to the ground, surrounding the insulating body of the candle, with which the conductive rod 19 is in contact.
  • the maximum electrostatic field is located in the space that separates the ends of each lug 14ct of the ground electrode 16, 17 or 19 so that a spark can be formed at the end of the lug 14.
  • the presence of a spark changes the ArchItecture of electrostatic field lines such that each spark will move parallel to a counter-electrode 15 away from the pin 14, along the surface of the end face 13. If the counter-electrode 15 presents a sufficiently small section, the spark is stabilized in direction and position in space, which allows it to occupy the same position in the combustion chamber at each ignition.
  • the generation of several sparks promotes good cycle-to-cycle combustion stability and an increased combustion rate that is favorable to the reduction of rattling, which is always very troublesome, especially in supercharged engines.
  • the candle according to the invention can be advantageously used for a conventional arrangement of central candle to the cylinder head for a combustion chamber with four valves per cylinder, but not limited thereto.
  • the insulating body of the spark plug may not be cylindrical and have a smaller surface area since the electrodes and counter electrodes do not extend over the entire periphery of the insulating body. Such a reduction in the section of the insulating body has the advantage of reducing the size of the candle and facilitate its insertion into a cylinder head.
  • spark plugs with different orientations of the pins can be envisaged depending on the engine and its environment, to direct the star closer to the air / fuel mixture.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Gleitfunkenzündkerze, gebildet aus einem Isolierkörper (12) und versehen mit einer Masseelektrode (16, 17, 19), in der der Isolierkörper sich in einer bevorzugten Richtung (D) erstreckt und mit einer im Wesentlichen ebenen Stirnseite (13) endet, die sich in einer Ebene (P) erstreckt, durch welche die Richtung (D) führt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Rand des Isolierkörpers mindestens zwei hochspannungsversorgte Elektroden (11) durch diesen in Richtung (D) hindurchragen, wobei das eine nasenförmige Ende (14) derselben aus der Stirnseite des Isolierkörpers herausragt, wobei jede Nase sich in einer im Wesentlichen parallel zur Ebene (P) verlaufende, vorbestimmte Richtung (E) erstreckt, und dass in dem Isolierkörper für jede Hochspannungselektrode eine geerdete Gegenelektrode (15) eingesetzt ist, deren Ende sich im Wesentlichem im Lot zur Nase der entsprechenden Hochspannungselektrode befindet, so dass im Bereich des Endes der Nase eine ausreichende Verstärkung des elektrischen Feldes erzeugt wird, damit beim Anlegen einer Hochspannung an die Hochspannungselektrode ein Funken zur Masseelektrode überspringen kann.
  2. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1, in der die Nasen (14) der Hochspannungselektroden am Isolierkörper (12) nach außen weisen, die Masseelektrode (16) den Isolierkörper umgibt, und die von den Nasen entfernten Enden der Gegenelektroden (15) mit der Masseelektrode in Kontakt sind.
  3. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1, in der die Nasen (14) der Hochspannungselektroden am Isolierkörper (12) nach innen weisen, die Masseelektrode (17) nahe der Mitte des Isolierkörpers in Richtung (D) durch den Isolierkörper hindurchragt und an der Stirnseite des Körpers herausragt (18), und die von den Nasen entfernten Enden der Gegenelektroden (15) mit der Masseelektrode (17) verbunden sind.
  4. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1, in der die Nasen (14) der Hochspannungselektroden am Isolierkörper (12) nach innen weisen, die Masseelektrode (19) ein geerdetes, radial aus dem Isolierkörper herausragendes Ende und ein weiteres, in Richtung D aus der Stirnseite herausragendes Ende (18) aufweist, und die von den Nasen entfernten Enden der Gegenelektroden (15) mit der Masseelektrode (19) verbunden sind.
  5. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Gegenelektrode (15) im Wesentlichen die Form eines Stabes oder eines Drahtes aufweist und/oder sich im Wesentlichen parallel zu einer Nase (14) erstreckt.
  6. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Nase (14) eine längliche Form aufweist, die sich in Richtung auf ihr Ende zu verjüngt.
  7. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 4, in der die Masseelektrode (16), bzw. die Masse von dem Zylinderkopf eines Verbrennungsmotors gebildet wird, und jede Gegenelektrode (15) bzw. die Masseelektrode (19) mit dem Zylinderkopf in Kontakt bzw. teilweise darin eingebettet ist.
  8. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 4, in der ein den Isolierkörper umgebendes Metallgehäuse die Masseelektrode (16) bildet oder geerdet ist, und jede Gegenelektrode (15) bzw. die Masseelektrode (19) mit dem Gehäuse in Kontakt bzw. teilweise darin eingebettet ist.
  9. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zwischen zwei und sechs Hochspannungselektroden (11) umfasst.
  10. Zylinderkopf für einen Verbrennungsmotor eines Kraftfahrzeugs, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mindestens eine Kerze (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 umfasst.
EP20050300358 2004-05-07 2005-05-04 Gleitfunkenzündkerze mit mehreren Funken Expired - Lifetime EP1594201B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0404940A FR2870052B1 (fr) 2004-05-07 2004-05-07 Bougie d'allumage a effet de surface a etincelles multiples
FR0404940 2004-05-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1594201A1 EP1594201A1 (de) 2005-11-09
EP1594201B1 true EP1594201B1 (de) 2007-07-11

Family

ID=34942597

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20050300358 Expired - Lifetime EP1594201B1 (de) 2004-05-07 2005-05-04 Gleitfunkenzündkerze mit mehreren Funken

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1594201B1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005001573T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2870052B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9441604B2 (en) 2012-09-18 2016-09-13 Ming Zheng Multi-coil spark ignition system

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006037037A1 (de) * 2006-08-08 2008-02-14 Siemens Ag Zündvorrichtung für Hochfrequenzplasmazündung
JP4760780B2 (ja) * 2007-06-13 2011-08-31 株式会社デンソー プラズマ式点火装置
DE102009036732A1 (de) 2009-08-08 2011-02-10 Daimler Ag Zündkerze
RO135550A2 (ro) 2020-08-10 2022-02-28 Universitatea Tehnică "Gheorghe Asachi" Din Iaşi Bujie cu descărcare dublă

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2792374B1 (fr) * 1999-04-15 2002-05-03 Renault Dispositif d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne et bougie d'allumage pour sa mise en oeuvre
FR2816119B1 (fr) * 2000-10-27 2003-02-21 Renault Bougie a effet de surface a etincelle radiale

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9441604B2 (en) 2012-09-18 2016-09-13 Ming Zheng Multi-coil spark ignition system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602005001573D1 (de) 2007-08-23
FR2870052A1 (fr) 2005-11-11
EP1594201A1 (de) 2005-11-09
DE602005001573T2 (de) 2008-03-13
FR2870052B1 (fr) 2006-06-23

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