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EP1570920B1 - Device and process for machine-based classification of beams and boards - Google Patents

Device and process for machine-based classification of beams and boards Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1570920B1
EP1570920B1 EP04005067A EP04005067A EP1570920B1 EP 1570920 B1 EP1570920 B1 EP 1570920B1 EP 04005067 A EP04005067 A EP 04005067A EP 04005067 A EP04005067 A EP 04005067A EP 1570920 B1 EP1570920 B1 EP 1570920B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boards
beams
measurement device
unit according
density
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04005067A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1570920A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Binder
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Franz Binder Ges mbH Holzindustrie
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Franz Binder Ges mbH Holzindustrie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Franz Binder Ges mbH Holzindustrie filed Critical Franz Binder Ges mbH Holzindustrie
Priority to DE200420017889 priority Critical patent/DE202004017889U1/en
Priority to EP04005067A priority patent/EP1570920B1/en
Priority to PL04005067T priority patent/PL1570920T3/en
Priority to DE502004000277T priority patent/DE502004000277D1/en
Priority to AT04005067T priority patent/ATE317307T1/en
Priority to NO20042066A priority patent/NO325697B1/en
Publication of EP1570920A1 publication Critical patent/EP1570920A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1570920B1 publication Critical patent/EP1570920B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
    • B07C5/12—Sorting according to size characterised by the application to particular articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B07C5/14—Sorting timber or logs, e.g. tree trunks, beams, planks or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system and method for mechanically classifying boards, in which the boards individually pass continuously through measuring devices in which they are analyzed by physical and possibly also optical criteria and then classified, the classified boards or beams are then sorted by machine according to their classification, with a density measuring device, on the at least the density of the boards or beams is determined, a vibration measuring device in which the boards or beams are excited to longitudinal vibrations and measured their natural frequency and a classification evaluation device which evaluates the output signals of the density measuring device and the output signals of the vibration measuring device and therefrom creates a strength parameter for classifying the boards or beams.
  • a plant or a method for mechanically classifying boards or beams is known from EP 1 329 266 B1.
  • X-ray meters and laser scanners are provided.
  • the laser scanners check the boards or beams according to optical criteria. From the absorption of the X-rays, the density distribution of the wood can be determined. Due to the relatively high degree of correlation between wood density and wood strength, conclusions can be drawn about the strength of the boards or beams by means of the density distribution.
  • the branch regions are precisely measured with respect to position, size, shape, etc., and from the totality of these data, the sort parameter "branching" is calculated.
  • DE 93 15 506 U discloses a device for mechanical strength sorting of lumber, which also includes a vibration measuring device, which is, however, designed as a non-contact directional microphone or as a contact vibration sensor of low mass.
  • a vibration measuring device which is, however, designed as a non-contact directional microphone or as a contact vibration sensor of low mass.
  • Contacting vibration sensors are susceptible to interference and represent mechanically complex solutions to achieve non-contact directional microphones, especially due to disturbing ambient noise, measurement results only moderate accuracy, which in turn has a negative effect on the accuracy of the classification and thus ultimately on the yield.
  • EP 1 287 912 EP relates to a method for analyzing and sorting thin wood layers for plywood, wherein the bulk density of the wood layers is measured by means of an electromagnetic high-frequency resonator (TEM) and, in addition, the homogeneity and / or fibrillation of the wood layers via the darkness of their surface is measured
  • TEM electromagnetic high-frequency resonator
  • EP 0 616 209 A relates to a similar method for analyzing thin layers of wood, wherein the bulk density of the wood layers is measured by means of a high frequency electromagnetic resonator (TEM) and the highest density wood layers are used as surface layers.
  • TEM electromagnetic resonator
  • the invention has for its object to further increase the yield in the mechanical classification and sorting of boards or beams by the quality of the classification is further improved, the high feed rates to be maintained.
  • the natural frequency could also be measured with touch-sensitive sensors such as in particular piezoelectric sensors, which would, however, mean a slight loss of time and an additional mechanical effort.
  • touch-sensitive sensors such as in particular piezoelectric sensors
  • non-contact measurements could be measured for example by means of microphone, which can be implemented with relatively little effort, but there is the problem of unwanted background noise, which can falsify the measurement result here.
  • the means for non-contact measurement of the natural frequency is therefore a laser vibrometer; Such laser vibrometers work with sound / vibration amplifiers and provide extremely reliable measurement results without contact.
  • the invention is superior to the state of the art according to EP 1 329 266 in that here the strength of the boards or beams was derived from the density-related measurement, which led to classification errors, although there is a correlation between density and strength but not is always clear and depends in practice on various variables.
  • the strength is derived from the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the boards over the Young's modulus, which, given knowledge of the density and the length of the boards or beams, leads to unique and accurate strength values. Due to the extremely reliable classification parameter "strength", it was possible to significantly increase the yield again.
  • An essential element of the invention is the combination of a vibration measuring device, in which the natural frequency of the boards or beams is measured, with an X-ray measuring device in which the density of the In order to obtain a very reliable value for the strength of the boards or bars, which serves as a classification parameter.
  • the density-measuring device is an X-ray measuring device, via which the knottiness of the boards or beams is determined.
  • the Schwingüngs measuring device in the transport direction of the boards or beams seen before the density measuring device a planing device is provided, the Schwingüngs measuring device is arranged in the transport direction of the boards or beams before the planing device and the boards or beams traverse the vibration measuring device in the cross-pass while they pass through the planing device in the longitudinal pass. After the feed rate in the cross pass is naturally much smaller than in the longitudinal pass, remains for the vibration measurement of each board or bar sufficient time, without causing the high Feed rates in the longitudinal passage of the boards or beams would be impaired.
  • the data determined by the vibration measuring device can be transmitted online to the classification evaluation device.
  • the boards or bars are marked after passing through the vibration measuring device according to the measured value and the markings are scanned in the region of the density measuring device and fed to the classification evaluation device.
  • the marking of the boards or beams by means of an ink-jet printer takes place and the scanning of the markings by means of a camera system.
  • Such an "off-line" transmission of the data has the advantage that a board tracking between vibration measuring device and density measuring device is not required or avoided that due to Brettverreihungen, removal of boards, etc. incorrect data read into the classification evaluation device become.
  • each of the ends of the boards or beams is cut before application of the mark, so that in each case a smooth surface for applying the mark is available.
  • a device for electronic board tracking of the boards or beams between the vibration measuring device and the density measuring device is provided, in which case the frequency data are supplied online to the classification evaluation device.
  • the vibration measuring device comprises the following: a device for briefly lifting the board or beam to be measured from the conveyor, a beating device for generating a hit on the front side of the raised board or beam, and a device for preferably non-contact Measuring the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the battered boards or beams.
  • a humidity-measuring device for determining the humidity of the boards or beams is further provided, wherein the output signals of the humidity-measuring device are also supplied to the classification evaluation device.
  • This moisture measuring device is expediently connected upstream of the density measuring device.
  • the apparatus preferably further comprises a color scanner for optically evaluating the wood surface preferably downstream of the density measuring device, the color scanner being followed by a marking station for marking defective portions of the boards on the basis of density measuring means and / or or the color scanner of collected data.
  • Fig. 1 shows a system according to the invention in a schematic representation.
  • the plant shown is integrated in a plant for the production of workpieces (boards or beams), which is used for the production of glued laminated timber or beam laminated wood.
  • the workpieces not shown are taken from a warehouse, also not shown in detail and isolated in a package separation plant 100, in which case a first pre-sorting already takes place, ie apparently useless boards are already eliminated here.
  • the transport of the workpieces takes place here in the transverse direction on a transverse conveyor 103.
  • the transversely transported workpieces then pass through the vibration measuring device 102.
  • the workpieces are successively lifted one after the other at short notice by the conveyor, so that the measurement is not affected by vibration-inhibiting factors, and by means of an unillustrated electromechanical impactor is on the capped end side of the workpiece in the direction the longitudinal direction of the workpiece a stroke exerted, so put the workpiece in vibration.
  • a laser vibrometer also not shown, the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the damaged workpiece is measured.
  • the measured value is fed to a computer 104 and the value of the determined natural frequency is applied in a marking station 106 on the capped end face by means of an ink-jet printer in the form of a bar code or in plain text.
  • the thus marked workpieces are then transferred from the cross conveyor 103 to a longitudinal conveyor 108 and fed individually continuously in the longitudinal passage of a planing device 110 in which they are planed.
  • the workpieces leaving the planing device 110 are then alternately fed via a switch 112 to two parallel measuring lines which, as before, pass through them in the longitudinal direction at a reduced speed.
  • the high processing speed of the planing line can best be exploited and, on the other hand, measuring results of particularly high quality can be achieved in the two measuring lines due to the reduced throughput speed.
  • EP 1 329 266 B1 directed. After the two measuring lines are identically equipped, it suffices to describe only one of the two measuring lines below.
  • the workpieces pass through a reading station 114, in which by means of a camera system the bar code or the frequency value located on the front side of the workpiece is read in plain text and fed to a classification evaluation device 116.
  • the workpieces then pass through a humidity measuring device 118, in which the residual moisture of the workpieces is determined. The corresponding measured value is likewise supplied to the classification evaluation device 116.
  • the workpieces pass through an X-ray measuring device 120 (X-ray scanner). From the absorption of the X-rays, the density distribution of the wood can be determined. The obtained data is also supplied to the classification evaluator 116. The data obtained in the X-ray measuring device 120 on the one hand enable the determination of the density (bulk density) of the respectively measured workpiece. On the other hand, the branch regions are precisely measured with regard to position, size, diameter, shape, etc., and the totality of these data is used to calculate the "branching" according to Austrian standard DIN 4074.
  • the X-ray radiation also allows an assessment of the workpieces inside the wood insofar as in addition, the "Zinkenground" according to DIN 68140 can be determined very accurately. Detected strength-reducing wood defects are marked on the top of the workpieces (at marking station 124) with fluorescent ink and later capped at a finger jointing line (not shown).
  • the workpieces pass through a color scanner 122 for the detection of optical wood features of any kind.
  • This is equipped with 4 color cameras and 4 laser heads. By means of the rotating laser heads, 3-D errors are scanned and passed on to the synchronizing software. The features to be distinguished by color pigments are recorded by the cameras.
  • the color scanner has an infrared device, by means of which the fiber direction can be determined.
  • the classification evaluation device 116 can be formed by a central computer or also by a plurality of cooperating data processing units assigned to the individual measuring components.
  • the classification evaluation device 116 evaluates the obtained measurement data and generates therefrom the values for the classification of the individual workpieces into classes of different quality.
  • the classification evaluator 116 also generates a classification value for the strength and a classification value for the knottiness of the workpieces.
  • the classification value for the branching is obtained from the data of the X-ray scanner as explained above.
  • the classification evaluation device 116 For obtaining the classification value for the strength, from the natural frequency of the workpieces measured in the vibration measuring device 102 and supplied via the camera system 114 to the classification evaluation device 116, the density of the workpiece resulting from the measurements in the X-ray scanner 120 derive and calculated from the length of the workpieces of the modulus of elasticity. The strength of each workpiece can then be reliably determined from the modulus of elasticity and thus a corresponding classification value can be generated.
  • the classifications are then laterally applied to the individual workpieces in the marking station 124, for example in the form of color codes, and based on these classifications, it is then possible to sort the workpieces accordingly.
  • the marked workpieces are then brought together via transport paths 126, 128 to a common transport device 130, according to the classifications in individual floors of a floor storage 132 buffered and finally fed to a packaging plant 134.
  • the boards or beams are then further processed into glulam and beam plywood.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment described.
  • a single measuring line can be provided instead of the two measuring lines 114 to 124.

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Abstract

Continuous classification of board firmness and knotting is provided from classification unit (116). Knot data and board thickness is provided from X-ray scanner (120) and board rigidity from natural frequency measurement unit (102) and camera system (114). Elasticity module is calculated from length of board, and is used to determine solidity.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage und ein Verfahren zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern bzw. Balken, bei der die Bretter bzw. Balken einzeln kontinuierlich Meßeinrichtungen durchlaufen, in denen sie nach physikalischen und ggf. auch optischen Kriterien analysiert und dann klassifiziert werden, wobei die klassifizierten Bretter bzw. Balken anschließend entsprechend ihrer Klassifizierung maschinell sortiert werden, mit einer Dichte-Meßeinrichtung, über die zumindest die Dichte der Bretter bzw. Balken ermittelt wird, einer Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung, in der die Bretter bzw. Balken zu Longitudinalschwingungen erregt werden und deren Eigenfrequenz gemessen wird, und einer Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung, die die Ausgangssignale der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung und die Ausgangssignale der Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung auswertet und hieraus einen Festigkeits-Parameter zur Klassifizierung der Bretter bzw. Balken erstellt.The invention relates to a system and method for mechanically classifying boards, in which the boards individually pass continuously through measuring devices in which they are analyzed by physical and possibly also optical criteria and then classified, the classified boards or beams are then sorted by machine according to their classification, with a density measuring device, on the at least the density of the boards or beams is determined, a vibration measuring device in which the boards or beams are excited to longitudinal vibrations and measured their natural frequency and a classification evaluation device which evaluates the output signals of the density measuring device and the output signals of the vibration measuring device and therefrom creates a strength parameter for classifying the boards or beams.

Eine Anlage bzw. ein Verfahren zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern bzw. Balken ist aus der EP 1 329 266 B1 bekannt. Als Meßeinrichtungen sind hierbei Röntgen-Meßgeräte sowie Laserscanner vorgesehen. Die Laserscanner überprüfen die Bretter bzw. Balken nach optischen Kriterien. Aus der Absorption der Röntgenstrahlung läßt sich die Dichteverteilung des Holzes bestimmen. Über die Dichteverteilung lassen sich aufgrund des relativ hohen Korrelationsgrades zwischen Holzdichte und Holzfestigkeit Rückschlüsse auf die Festigkeit der Bretter bzw. Balken ziehen. Weiterhin werden die Astregionen in Bezug auf Lage, Größe, Form etc. genau vermessen und aus der Gesamtheit dieser Daten wird der Sortierparameter "Astigkeit" berechnet.A plant or a method for mechanically classifying boards or beams is known from EP 1 329 266 B1. As measuring devices in this case X-ray meters and laser scanners are provided. The laser scanners check the boards or beams according to optical criteria. From the absorption of the X-rays, the density distribution of the wood can be determined. Due to the relatively high degree of correlation between wood density and wood strength, conclusions can be drawn about the strength of the boards or beams by means of the density distribution. Furthermore, the branch regions are precisely measured with respect to position, size, shape, etc., and from the totality of these data, the sort parameter "branching" is calculated.

Die Ausbeute bei der maschinellen Klassifizierung und Sortierung gemäß dem o.g. Stand der Technik ist bereits gut, insbesondere, wenn man die hohen Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten der Bretter bzw. Balken in Längsrichtung von bis zu 240 m/min berücksichtigt. Andererseits ergeben sich immer noch durchaus nennenswerte Verluste, die es im Sinne eines sparsamen Umgangs mit Rohstoffen weiter zu reduzieren gilt.The yield in machine classification and sorting according to the above-mentioned. The state of the art is already good, especially if one considers the high feed rates of the boards or beams in the longitudinal direction of up to 240 m / min. On the other hand, there are still considerable losses that need to be further reduced in order to conserve resources.

Die DE 93 15 506 U offenbart eine Vorrichtung zur maschinellen Festigkeitssortierung von Schnittholz, die ebenfalls eine Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung umfaßt, die allerdings als berührungsfreies Richtmikrophon oder als berührender Schwingungsaufnehmer von geringer Masse ausgebildet ist. Berührende Schwingungsaufnehmer sind störanfällig und stellen mechanisch aufwendige Lösungen dar, berührungslose Richtmikrophone erzielen, insbesondere auch aufgrund störender Umgebungsgeräusche, Meßergebnisse nur mäßiger Genauigkeit, was sich wiederum negativ auf die Genauigkeit der Klassifizierung und somit letztlich auf die Ausbeute auswirkt.DE 93 15 506 U discloses a device for mechanical strength sorting of lumber, which also includes a vibration measuring device, which is, however, designed as a non-contact directional microphone or as a contact vibration sensor of low mass. Contacting vibration sensors are susceptible to interference and represent mechanically complex solutions to achieve non-contact directional microphones, especially due to disturbing ambient noise, measurement results only moderate accuracy, which in turn has a negative effect on the accuracy of the classification and thus ultimately on the yield.

Die EP 1 287 912 EP betrifft ein Verfahren zum Analysieren und Sortieren von dünnen Holzschichten für Sperrholz, wobei mittels eines elektromagnetischen Hochfrequenzresonators (TEM) die Rohdichte der Holzschichten gemessen wird und zusätzlich die Homogenität und/oder Faserung der Holzschichten über die Dunkelheit deren Oberfläche gemessen wirdEP 1 287 912 EP relates to a method for analyzing and sorting thin wood layers for plywood, wherein the bulk density of the wood layers is measured by means of an electromagnetic high-frequency resonator (TEM) and, in addition, the homogeneity and / or fibrillation of the wood layers via the darkness of their surface is measured

Die EP 0 616 209 A betrifft ein ähnliches Verfahren zum Analysieren von dünnen Holzschichten, wobei mittels eines elektromagnetischen Hochfrequenzresonators (TEM) die Rohdichte der Holzschichten gemessen wird und die Holzschichten mit der höchsten Rohdichte als Oberflächenschichten verwendet werden.EP 0 616 209 A relates to a similar method for analyzing thin layers of wood, wherein the bulk density of the wood layers is measured by means of a high frequency electromagnetic resonator (TEM) and the highest density wood layers are used as surface layers.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Ausbeute bei der maschinellen Klassifizierung und Sortierung von Brettern bzw. Balken noch weiter zu steigern, indem die Qualität der Klassifizierung weiter verbessert wird, wobei die hohen Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten erhalten bleiben sollen.The invention has for its object to further increase the yield in the mechanical classification and sorting of boards or beams by the quality of the classification is further improved, the high feed rates to be maintained.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Anlage gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst, bei der die Einrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Eigenfrequenz der Bretter bzw. Balken als Laser-Vibrometer ausgebildet ist. Hinsichtlich des Verfahrens wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 14 gelöst.This object is achieved by a system according to claim 1, wherein the means for non-contact measurement of the natural frequency of the boards or beams is designed as a laser vibrometer. With regard to the method, the object is achieved by a method according to claim 14.

Grundsätzlich könnte die Eigenfrequenz auch mit berührungsbehafteten Sensoren wie insb. Piezo-Sensoren gemessen werden, was jedoch einen wenn auch geringfügigen Zeitverlust und einen mechanischen Mehraufwand bedeuten würde. Beim berührungslosen Messen könnte beispielsweise mittels Mikrofon gemessen werden, was mit relativ geringem Aufwand realisierbar ist, es ergibt sich jedoch hier das Problem von unerwünschten Nebengeräuschen, die das Meßergebnis verfälschen können. Gemäß der Erfindung ist die Einrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Eigenfrequenz daher ein Laser-Vibrometer; solche Laser-Vibrometer arbeiten mit Schall-/Schwingungsverstärkern und liefern berührungslos äußerst zuverlässige Meßergebnisse.Basically, the natural frequency could also be measured with touch-sensitive sensors such as in particular piezoelectric sensors, which would, however, mean a slight loss of time and an additional mechanical effort. For non-contact measurements could be measured for example by means of microphone, which can be implemented with relatively little effort, but there is the problem of unwanted background noise, which can falsify the measurement result here. According to the invention, the means for non-contact measurement of the natural frequency is therefore a laser vibrometer; Such laser vibrometers work with sound / vibration amplifiers and provide extremely reliable measurement results without contact.

Die Erfindung ist dem Stand der Technik gemäß EP 1 329 266 insofern überlegen, als hier die Festigkeit der Bretter bzw. Balken vom Meßwert betreffend die Dichte abgeleitet wurde, was zu Klassifizierungsfehlern führte, nachdem zwischen Dichte und Festigkeit zwar eine Korrelation besteht, diese aber nicht immer eindeutig ist und in der Praxis von diversen Variablen abhängt. Demgegenüber wird im Falle der vorliegenden Erfindung die Festigkeit von der Eigenfrequenz der Longitudinalschwingungen der Bretter bzw. Balken über den Elastizitätsmodul abgeleitet, was bei Kenntnis der Dichte und der Länge der Bretter bzw. Balken zu eindeutigen und zutreffenden Festigkeitswerten führt. Aufgrund des äußerst zuverlässigen Klassifizierungs-Parameters "Festigkeit" war es möglich, die Ausbeute nochmals deutlich zu steigern.The invention is superior to the state of the art according to EP 1 329 266 in that here the strength of the boards or beams was derived from the density-related measurement, which led to classification errors, although there is a correlation between density and strength but not is always clear and depends in practice on various variables. In contrast, in the case of the present invention, the strength is derived from the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the boards over the Young's modulus, which, given knowledge of the density and the length of the boards or beams, leads to unique and accurate strength values. Due to the extremely reliable classification parameter "strength", it was possible to significantly increase the yield again.

Ein wesentliches Element der Erfindung ist die Kombination einer Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung, in der die Eigenfrequenz der Bretter bzw. Balken gemessen wird, mit einer Röntgen-Meßeinrichtung, in der die Dichte der Bretter bzw. Balken gemessen wird, um hieraus einen äußerst zuverlässigen Wert für die Festigkeit der Bretter bzw. Balken zu erhalten, der als Klassifizierungs-Parameter dient.An essential element of the invention is the combination of a vibration measuring device, in which the natural frequency of the boards or beams is measured, with an X-ray measuring device in which the density of the In order to obtain a very reliable value for the strength of the boards or bars, which serves as a classification parameter.

In bevorzugter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Dichte-Meßeinrichtung eine Röntgen-Meßeinrichtung, über die auch die Astigkeit der Bretter bzw. Balken ermittelt wird.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the density-measuring device is an X-ray measuring device, via which the knottiness of the boards or beams is determined.

In bevorzugter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß in Transportrichtung der Bretter bzw. Balken gesehen vor der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung eine Hobeleinrichtung vorgesehen ist, die Schwingüngs-Meßeinrichtung in Transportrichtung der Bretter bzw. Balken gesehen vor der Hobeleinrichtung angeordnet ist und die Bretter bzw. Balken die Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung im Querdurchlauf durchlaufen, während sie die Hobeleinrichtung im Längsdurchlauf durchlaufen. Nachdem die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit im Querdurchlauf naturgemäß sehr viel kleiner ist als im Längsdurchlauf, bleibt für die Schwingungsmessung eines jeden Bretts bzw. Balkens ausreichen viel Zeit, ohne daß hierdurch die hohen Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten im Längsdurchlauf der Bretter bzw. Balken beeinträchtigt würde.In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that in the transport direction of the boards or beams seen before the density measuring device a planing device is provided, the Schwingüngs measuring device is arranged in the transport direction of the boards or beams before the planing device and the boards or beams traverse the vibration measuring device in the cross-pass while they pass through the planing device in the longitudinal pass. After the feed rate in the cross pass is naturally much smaller than in the longitudinal pass, remains for the vibration measurement of each board or bar sufficient time, without causing the high Feed rates in the longitudinal passage of the boards or beams would be impaired.

Grundsätzlich können die von der Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung ermittelten Daten online der Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung übermittelt werden. Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist jedoch vorgesehen, daß die Bretter bzw. Balken nach Durchlauf der Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung entsprechend dem gemessenen Wert markiert werden und die Markierungen im Bereich der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung abgetastet und der Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung zugeführt werden. Insbesondere kann die Markierung der Bretter bzw. Balken mittels eines Ink-Jet-Druckers erfolgt und die Abtastung der Markierungen mittels eines Kamera-Systems. Eine solche "offline"-Übertragung der Daten hat den Vorteil, daß eine Brettverfolgung zwischen Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung und Dichte-Meßeinrichtung nicht erforderlich ist bzw. vermieden wird, daß aufgrund von Brettverreihungen, Herausnahme von Brettern usw. falsche Daten in die Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung eingelesen werden.In principle, the data determined by the vibration measuring device can be transmitted online to the classification evaluation device. According to a further feature of the invention, however, it is provided that the boards or bars are marked after passing through the vibration measuring device according to the measured value and the markings are scanned in the region of the density measuring device and fed to the classification evaluation device. In particular, the marking of the boards or beams by means of an ink-jet printer takes place and the scanning of the markings by means of a camera system. Such an "off-line" transmission of the data has the advantage that a board tracking between vibration measuring device and density measuring device is not required or avoided that due to Brettverreihungen, removal of boards, etc. incorrect data read into the classification evaluation device become.

Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist, wenn vor Aufbringung der Markierung jeweils eines der Enden der Bretter bzw. Balken gekappt wird, so daß jeweils eine glatte Fläche zur Aufbringung der Markierung zur Verfügung steht.It is also advantageous if each of the ends of the boards or beams is cut before application of the mark, so that in each case a smooth surface for applying the mark is available.

In alternativer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist eine Einrichtung zur elektronischen Brettverfolgung der Bretter bzw. Balken zwischen der Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung und der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung vorgesehen, wobei in diesem Fall die Frequenzdaten online der Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung zugeführt werden.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a device for electronic board tracking of the boards or beams between the vibration measuring device and the density measuring device is provided, in which case the frequency data are supplied online to the classification evaluation device.

In bevorzugter Weiterbildung der Erfindung umfaßt die Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung folgendes: eine Einrichtung zum kurzzeitigen Anheben des zu messenden Bretts bzw. Balkens aus dem Förderer, eine Schlageinrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Schlags auf die Stirnseite des angehobenen Bretts bzw. Balkens, und eine Einrichtung zum vorzugsweise berührungslosen Messen der Eigenfrequenz der Longitudinalschwingungen des angeschlagenen Bretts bzw. Balkens.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vibration measuring device comprises the following: a device for briefly lifting the board or beam to be measured from the conveyor, a beating device for generating a hit on the front side of the raised board or beam, and a device for preferably non-contact Measuring the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the battered boards or beams.

Vorzugsweise ist weiterhin eine Feuchte-Meßeinrichtung zum Bestimmen der Feuchte der Bretter bzw. Balken vorgesehen, wobei die Ausgangssignale der Feuchte-Meßeinrichtung ebenfalls der Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung zugeführt werden. Diese Feuchte-Meßeinrichtung ist zweckmäßigerweise der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung vorgeschaltet.Preferably, a humidity-measuring device for determining the humidity of the boards or beams is further provided, wherein the output signals of the humidity-measuring device are also supplied to the classification evaluation device. This moisture measuring device is expediently connected upstream of the density measuring device.

Die Anlage umfaßt vorzugsweise weiterhin ein Farbscanner zur optischen Beurteilung der Holzoberfläche, der der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung vorzugsweise nachgeschaltet ist, wobei dem Farbscanner eine Markierstation nachgeschaltet ist zur Markierung von fehlerhaften Bereichen der Bretter bzw. Balken auf der Basis von mittels der Dichte-Meßeinrichtung und/oder des Farbscanners gewonnener Daten.The apparatus preferably further comprises a color scanner for optically evaluating the wood surface preferably downstream of the density measuring device, the color scanner being followed by a marking station for marking defective portions of the boards on the basis of density measuring means and / or or the color scanner of collected data.

Im Folgenden wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigtIn the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage in schematischer Darstellung.Fig. 1 shows a system according to the invention in a schematic representation.

Die gezeigte Anlage ist in eine Anlage zur Produktion von Werkstücken (Brettern bzw. Balken) integriert, die zur Herstellung von Brettschichtholz bzw. Balkenschichtholz dient. Die nicht näher dargestellten Werkstücke werden einem ebenfalls nicht näher dargestellten Lager entnommen und in einer Paketvereinzelungsanlage 100 vereinzelt, wobei hier bereits eine erste Vorsortierung erfolgt, d.h. offensichtlich unbrauchbare Bretter werden hier bereits ausgeschieden. Der Transport der Werkstücke erfolgt hier in Querrichtung auf einem Querförderer 103.The plant shown is integrated in a plant for the production of workpieces (boards or beams), which is used for the production of glued laminated timber or beam laminated wood. The workpieces not shown are taken from a warehouse, also not shown in detail and isolated in a package separation plant 100, in which case a first pre-sorting already takes place, ie apparently useless boards are already eliminated here. The transport of the workpieces takes place here in the transverse direction on a transverse conveyor 103.

In einer anschließenden Kappstation 101 wird jeweils eine Stirnseite eines jeden Bretts gekappt, um eine saubere und ebene Stirnseite zu erhalten.In a subsequent Kappstation 101 one end face of each board is capped in each case in order to obtain a clean and flat front side.

Die in Querrichtung transportierten Werkstücke durchlaufen sodann die Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung 102. Hier werden die Werkstücke einzeln nacheinander kurzfristig vom Förderer angehoben, damit die Messung nicht durch schwingungshemmende Faktoren beeinflußt wird, und mittels einer nicht dargestellten elektromechanischen Schlageinrichtung wird auf die gekappte Stirnseite des Werkstücks in Richtung der Längsrichtung des Werkstücks ein Schlag ausgeübt, das Werkstück also in Schwingung versetzt. Mittels eines ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Laser-Vibrometers wird die Eigenfrequenz der Longitudinalschwingungen des angeschlagenen Werkstücks gemessen. Der Meßwert wird einem Rechner 104 zugeführt und der Wert der ermittelten Eigenfrequenz wird in einer Markierstation 106 auf die gekappte Stirnseite mittels eines Ink-Jet-Druckers in Form eines Barcodes oder in Klarschrift aufgebracht.The transversely transported workpieces then pass through the vibration measuring device 102. Here, the workpieces are successively lifted one after the other at short notice by the conveyor, so that the measurement is not affected by vibration-inhibiting factors, and by means of an unillustrated electromechanical impactor is on the capped end side of the workpiece in the direction the longitudinal direction of the workpiece a stroke exerted, so put the workpiece in vibration. By means of a laser vibrometer, also not shown, the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the damaged workpiece is measured. The measured value is fed to a computer 104 and the value of the determined natural frequency is applied in a marking station 106 on the capped end face by means of an ink-jet printer in the form of a bar code or in plain text.

Die so markierten Werkstücke werden dann vom Querförderer 103 auf einen Längsförderer 108 überführt und einzeln kontinuierlich im Längsdurchlauf einer Hobeleinrichtung 110 zugeführt, in der sie gehobelt werden. Die die Hobeleinrichtung 110 verlassenden Werkstücke werden über eine Weiche 112 sodann abwechselnd zwei parallelen Meßlinien zugeführt, die sie, nach wie vor in Längsrichtung, mit einer reduzierten Geschwindigkeit durchlaufen. Auf diese Weise kann einerseits die hohe Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit der Hobellinie bestmöglichst ausgenutzt werden und andererseits können in den beiden Meßlinien aufgrund der reduzierten Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit Meßergebnisse besonders hoher Qualität erzielt werden. Zu Einzelheiten hierzu wird auf die EP 1 329 266 B1 verwiesen. Nachdem die beiden Meßlinien identisch ausgestattet sind, genügt es, im Folgenden nur eine der beiden Meßlinien zu beschreiben.The thus marked workpieces are then transferred from the cross conveyor 103 to a longitudinal conveyor 108 and fed individually continuously in the longitudinal passage of a planing device 110 in which they are planed. The workpieces leaving the planing device 110 are then alternately fed via a switch 112 to two parallel measuring lines which, as before, pass through them in the longitudinal direction at a reduced speed. In this way, on the one hand, the high processing speed of the planing line can best be exploited and, on the other hand, measuring results of particularly high quality can be achieved in the two measuring lines due to the reduced throughput speed. For details, see EP 1 329 266 B1 directed. After the two measuring lines are identically equipped, it suffices to describe only one of the two measuring lines below.

Zunächst durchlaufen die Werkstücke eine Lesestation 114, in der mittels eines Kamerasystems der auf der Stirnseite des Werkstücks befindliche Barcode bzw. der Frequenzwert in Klarschrift gelesen und einer Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung 116 zugeführt wird. Sodann durchlaufen die Werkstücke eine Feuchte-Meßeinrichtung 118, in der die Restfeuchte der Werkstücke ermittelt wird. Der entsprechende Meßwert wird ebenfalls der Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung 116 zugeführt.First, the workpieces pass through a reading station 114, in which by means of a camera system the bar code or the frequency value located on the front side of the workpiece is read in plain text and fed to a classification evaluation device 116. The workpieces then pass through a humidity measuring device 118, in which the residual moisture of the workpieces is determined. The corresponding measured value is likewise supplied to the classification evaluation device 116.

Danach durchlaufen die Werkstücke eine Röntgen-Meßeinrichtung 120 (Röntgenscanner). Aus der Absorption der Röntgenstrahlung läßt sich die Dichteverteilung des Holzes bestimmen. Die gewonnenen Daten werden ebenfalls der Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung116 zugeführt. Die in der Röntgen-Meßeinrichtung 120 gewonnenen Daten ermöglichen zum einen die Bestimmung der Dichte (Rohdichte) des jeweils gemessenen Werkstücks. Zum anderen werden die Astregionen in Bezug auf Lage, Größe, Durchmesser, Form etc. genau vermessen und aus der Gesamtheit dieser Daten wird die "Astigkeit" nach österreichischer Norm DIN 4074 berechnet. Weiterhin ermöglicht die Röntgenstrahlung auch eine Beurteilung der Werkstücke im Inneren des Holzes insofern, als zusätzlich auch der "Zinkengrund" nach DIN 68140 sehr genau ermittelt werden kann. Festgestellte festigkeitsmindernde Holzfehler werden an der Oberseite der Werkstücke (in der Markierstation 124) mit fluoreszierender Tinte markiert und später bei einer (nicht dargestellten) Keilzinkenanlage ausgekappt.Thereafter, the workpieces pass through an X-ray measuring device 120 (X-ray scanner). From the absorption of the X-rays, the density distribution of the wood can be determined. The obtained data is also supplied to the classification evaluator 116. The data obtained in the X-ray measuring device 120 on the one hand enable the determination of the density (bulk density) of the respectively measured workpiece. On the other hand, the branch regions are precisely measured with regard to position, size, diameter, shape, etc., and the totality of these data is used to calculate the "branching" according to Austrian standard DIN 4074. Furthermore, the X-ray radiation also allows an assessment of the workpieces inside the wood insofar as in addition, the "Zinkengrund" according to DIN 68140 can be determined very accurately. Detected strength-reducing wood defects are marked on the top of the workpieces (at marking station 124) with fluorescent ink and later capped at a finger jointing line (not shown).

Im Anschluß an die Röntgen-Meßeinrichtung 120 durchlaufen die Werkstücke einen Farbscanner 122 für die Erkennung optischer Holzmerkmale jeglicher Art. Dieser ist mit 4 Farbkameras und mit 4 Laserköpfen ausgerüstet. Mittels der rotierenden Laserköpfe werden 3-D-Fehler abgetastet und an die synchronisierende Software weitergegeben. Die durch Farbpigmente zu unterscheidenden Merkmale werden von den Kameras aufgenommen. Des weiteren verfügt der Farbscanner über eine Infraroteinrichtung, mittels der die Faserrichtung bestimmt werden kann.Following the X-ray measuring device 120, the workpieces pass through a color scanner 122 for the detection of optical wood features of any kind. This is equipped with 4 color cameras and 4 laser heads. By means of the rotating laser heads, 3-D errors are scanned and passed on to the synchronizing software. The features to be distinguished by color pigments are recorded by the cameras. Furthermore, the color scanner has an infrared device, by means of which the fiber direction can be determined.

Die Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung 116 kann von einem zentralen Rechner gebildet sein oder auch von mehreren zusammenarbeitenden, den einzelnen Meßkomponenten zugeordneten Datenverarbeitungseinheiten. Die Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung116 wertet die gewonnenen Meßdaten aus und erzeugt hieraus die Werte für die Klassifizierung der einzelnen Werkstücke in Klassen unterschiedlicher Güte. Insbesondere erzeugt die Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung 116 auch einen Klassifizierungswert für die Festigkeit und einen Klassifizierungswert für die Astigkeit der Werkstücke.The classification evaluation device 116 can be formed by a central computer or also by a plurality of cooperating data processing units assigned to the individual measuring components. The classification evaluation device 116 evaluates the obtained measurement data and generates therefrom the values for the classification of the individual workpieces into classes of different quality. In particular, the classification evaluator 116 also generates a classification value for the strength and a classification value for the knottiness of the workpieces.

Der Klassifizierungswert für die Astigkeit wird wie weiter oben erläutert aus des Daten des Röntgenscanners gewonnen.The classification value for the branching is obtained from the data of the X-ray scanner as explained above.

Für die Gewinnung des Klassifizierungswertes für die Festigkeit wird aus der Eigenfrequenz der Werkstücke, die in der Schwingungs-Meßeinrichtung 102 gemessen und über das Kamerasystem 114 der Klassifizierungs-Auswerteinrichtung 116 zugeführt wurde, aus der Dichte des Werkstücks, die sich aus den Messungen im Röntgenscanner 120 ableiten läßt, und aus der Länge der Werkstücke der Elastizitätsmodul berechnet. Aus dem Elastizitätsmodul kann dann die Festigkeit eines jeden Werkstücks zuverlässig ermittelt werden und somit ein entsprechender Klassifizierungswert erzeugt werden.For obtaining the classification value for the strength, from the natural frequency of the workpieces measured in the vibration measuring device 102 and supplied via the camera system 114 to the classification evaluation device 116, the density of the workpiece resulting from the measurements in the X-ray scanner 120 derive and calculated from the length of the workpieces of the modulus of elasticity. The strength of each workpiece can then be reliably determined from the modulus of elasticity and thus a corresponding classification value can be generated.

Die Klassifizierungen werden sodann in der Markierstation 124 beispielsweise in Form von Farbcodes seitlich auf die einzelnen Werkstücke aufgebracht und anhand dieser Klassifizierungen ist es möglich, die Werkstücke anschließend entsprechend zu sortieren.The classifications are then laterally applied to the individual workpieces in the marking station 124, for example in the form of color codes, and based on these classifications, it is then possible to sort the workpieces accordingly.

Die markierten Werkstücke werden sodann über Transportwege 126, 128 auf eine gemeinsame Transporteinrichtung 130 zusammengeführt, entsprechend den Klassifizierungen in einzelnen Etagen eines Etagenlagers 132 zwischengepuffert und schließlich einer Paketierungsanlage 134 zugeführt. Letztlich werden die Bretter bzw. Balken dann zu Brettschichtholz bzw. Balkenschichtholz weiterverarbeitet.The marked workpieces are then brought together via transport paths 126, 128 to a common transport device 130, according to the classifications in individual floors of a floor storage 132 buffered and finally fed to a packaging plant 134. Ultimately, the boards or beams are then further processed into glulam and beam plywood.

Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Insbesondere kann anstelle der beiden Messlinien 114 bis 124 eine einzige Meßlinie vorgesehen sein.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described. In particular, instead of the two measuring lines 114 to 124, a single measuring line can be provided.

Claims (14)

  1. A unit for the mechanical classification of boards and beams, with which the boards and beams pass through individual continual measurement devices in which they are analysed according to physical, and if required also optical criteria, and then classified, the classified boards and beams then being mechanically sorted according to their classification, comprising a density measurement device (120) by means of which at least the density of the boards and beams is established,
    a vibration measurement device (102) in which the boards and beams are stimulated to vibrate longitudinally and the eigenfrequency of the same is measured, and
    a classification evaluation device (116) which assesses the output signals of the density measurement device (120) and the output signals of the vibration measurement device (102) and from this produces a rigidity parameter for classifying the boards and beams, the vibration measurement device comprising a device for non-contact measurement of the eigenfrequency which is in the form of a laser vibrometer.
  2. The unit according to Claim 1 with which the density measurement device (120) is an X-ray measurement device by means of which the knotting of the boards and beams is also established.
  3. The unit according to Claim 1 or 2, a planing device (110) being provided before the density measurement device (120) as viewed in the conveyance direction of the boards and beams, the vibration measurement device (102) being disposed before the planing device (110), as viewed in the conveyance direction of the boards and beams, and the boards and beams passing through the vibration measurement device (102) crossways, whereas they pass through the planing device (110) lengthwise.
  4. The unit according any of the preceding claims, the boards and beams being marked correspondingly with the value measured after having passed through the vibration measurement device (102) and the marking being sampled in the region of the density measurement device (120) and being conveyed to the classification evaluation device (116).
  5. The unit according to Claim 4, the marking of the boards and beams taking place by means of an ink-jet printer (106), and the sampling of the marking by means of a camera system (114).
  6. The unit according to Claim 4 or 5, one of the ends of the boards and beams being respectively lopped in a lopping station (101) before applying the marking
  7. The unit according to any of the preceding claims, a device being provided for the electronic board tracing of the boards and beams between the vibration measurement device (102) and the density measurement device (120).
  8. The unit according to any of the preceding claims, the vibration measurement device (102) comprising the following:
    - a device for the momentary lifting of the board or beam to be measured from the conveyor (103),
    - an impact device for producing an impact upon the face side of the lifted board or beam, and
    - the device for the non-contact measurement of eigenfrequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the board or beam being subjected to the impact.
  9. The unit according to any of the preceding claims, a humidity measurement device (118) furthermore being provided in order to determine the humidity of the boards and beams, the output signals of the humidity measurement device (118) also being conveyed to the classification evaluation device (116).
  10. The unit according to Claim 9, the humidity measurement device (118) being disposed before the density measurement device (120).
  11. The unit according to any of the preceding claims, a colour scanner (122) furthermore being provided for the optical assessment of the wood surface, which is preferably disposed after the density measurement device (120).
  12. The unit according to Claim 11, a marking station (124) being disposed after the colour scanner (122) for the marking of defective regions of the boards and beams based upon the data gained by means of the density measurement device (120) and/or the colour scanner (122).
  13. The unit according to any of the preceding claims, the boards and beams serving as an intermediary product for the production of gluelam or laminated wood.
  14. A process for the mechanical classification of boards and beams, with which the boards and beams pass through individual continual measurement devices (102, 118, 120, 122), in which they are analysed according to physical, and if required also optical criteria, the classified boards and beams then being mechanically sorted according to their classification,
    the eigenfrequency of the boards and beams being measured by means of vibration measurement without contact by means of a laser vibrometer,
    the density and the knotting of the boards and beams being established by means of X-ray radiation,
    the elasticity module of the boards and beams being established from the eigenfrequency, the density and the length of the same,
    the rigidity of the boards and beams being established from the elasticity module, and the data relating to rigidity and the data relating to knotting being used as parameters for classification of the boards and beams.
EP04005067A 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Device and process for machine-based classification of beams and boards Expired - Lifetime EP1570920B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200420017889 DE202004017889U1 (en) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Arrangement for continuous machine classification of boards and beams using physical and optical criteria for gluelam board manufacture
EP04005067A EP1570920B1 (en) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Device and process for machine-based classification of beams and boards
PL04005067T PL1570920T3 (en) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Device and process for machine-based classification of beams and boards
DE502004000277T DE502004000277D1 (en) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Plant and method for mechanically classifying boards and beams
AT04005067T ATE317307T1 (en) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE MACHINE CLASSIFICATION OF BOARDS AND BEAMS
NO20042066A NO325697B1 (en) 2004-03-04 2004-05-19 Plant and method for machine classification of planks and beams

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04005067A EP1570920B1 (en) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Device and process for machine-based classification of beams and boards

Publications (2)

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EP1570920A1 EP1570920A1 (en) 2005-09-07
EP1570920B1 true EP1570920B1 (en) 2006-02-08

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EP (1) EP1570920B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE317307T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502004000277D1 (en)
NO (1) NO325697B1 (en)
PL (1) PL1570920T3 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018162828A1 (en) 2017-03-06 2018-09-13 Gerflor Acoustic panelling for producing a floor covering

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3082859B1 (en) 2018-06-26 2020-11-27 Gerflor ACOUSTIC PANEL FOR THE REALIZATION OF A FLOORING

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI97645C (en) * 1993-03-15 1997-01-27 Finnforest Oy Strength grading of wood veneers
DE9315506U1 (en) * 1993-10-13 1993-12-02 Fagus-Grecon Greten Gmbh & Co Kg, 31061 Alfeld Device for mechanical strength sorting of sawn timber
FI20011755A7 (en) * 2001-09-04 2003-03-05 Finnforest Oy Analysis and sorting of wood veneers
ATE248034T1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2003-09-15 Franz Binder Ges Mbh Holzindus SYSTEM FOR THE MACHINE CLASSIFICATION OF BOARDS OR BAR

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018162828A1 (en) 2017-03-06 2018-09-13 Gerflor Acoustic panelling for producing a floor covering

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL1570920T3 (en) 2006-04-28
NO20042066D0 (en) 2004-05-19
NO20042066L (en) 2005-09-05
NO325697B1 (en) 2008-07-07
EP1570920A1 (en) 2005-09-07
DE502004000277D1 (en) 2006-04-20
ATE317307T1 (en) 2006-02-15

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