EP1559981B1 - Heat exchanger with round profiled heat exchange plates - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a heat exchanger made of round profiled heat transfer plates with passages for heat transfer between media of the same or different physical state, consisting of a plate package, which is formed from at least two joined heat transfer plate pairs consisting of two gas-tight welded to the flow heat transfer plates and two Closing plates with passages for flowing through the plate package medium, which limit the joined heat transfer plate pairs on both sides, wherein the adjacent heat transfer plate pairs and the limiting closure plates are gas-tight welded to the outer periphery to form a separate pressure chamber and a pressure-stable housing with shell side arranged passage openings for a second medium , which flows through the plate package shell side t, and end-side passage openings with connecting pieces, which are welded to the passage openings of the closure plates.

In such heat exchangers, it is known that the shell-side supply of the second medium in the interior of the cylindrical housing very problematic to avoid a bypass flow between the plate package and the inner wall of the cylindrical housing largely or even completely, which would significantly reduce the efficiency of the heat exchanger and on the other hand, to form a shell-side inflow region which ensures the maximum possible and uniform admission of the designed heat transfer surface of the plate pack to the inflowing jacket medium.

In order to avoid bypass as far as possible, it is known to provide conformable Dürchflußleitbleche between the outer periphery of the plate pack and the housing inner wall, the rubber seals against the outer surface of the plate pack and press against the inner surface of the housing of the heat exchanger, to thus the inflow over the seal the remaining lateral surface of the plate pack. Rubber seals can be brittle under thermal conditions and break and thus lead to leaks and on the other rubber seals are not suitable for all applications, such as for high pressure and high temperature areas where such heat exchangers are preferably used.

From the WO 02/16852 A1 a heat exchanger of the type mentioned is known, in which at the periphery of the plate package Durchflußführungen for the shell side inflowing heat transfer medium are provided, which have an inner tube structure of the housing and are partially in communication with the plate package, wherein at least two of the flow guides are disposed opposite to an inner tube structure to the plate pack, which are supported against the inner wall of the surrounding housing. The portions of the flow guides having an inner tube structure and forming the inflow and outflow regions are connected to tubes which engage the inlet and outlet ports of the surrounding housing, at least one of the tubes being leak-proof against the inner wall of the inlet and / or Outlet neck is sealed metallic.
Although a bypass-side inflow region formed in this way can prevent a bypass between the inner wall of the housing and the plate pack, for use in the high-pressure region it is necessary for the regions of the flow guides which communicate with the periphery of the plate pack to be counteracted by additional measures the housing inner wall are supported in order to achieve a corresponding pressure stability of the heat exchanger. This suggests, for example, the WO 02/16852 suggest that these areas are additionally filled with a non-flowing heat transfer medium. In addition, thus produced flow guides for the shell-side inflow, due to their compact design, not economically variable to each use and power range are adapted to create in this way the condition that for each intended application always the maximum flow conditions in the shell-side inflow of Heat exchanger prevail, which are known to be necessary for a uniform flow of the plate pack and thus for optimal use of the designed heat transfer surface of the plate pack. If this goal with the flow guides after the WO 02/16852 should therefore be achieved for each intended use case case-related flow guides are made. The production of case-related flow guides but is technically complex and therefore expensive.

From the EP 07 60 078 B1 For example, there is known a plate heat exchanger which consists of a plurality of composite plate modules braced in a frame between spaced frame plates by means of clamping screws and in which the adjacent outermost heat exchange plates of adjacent modules are welded around the passage openings. Such a trained plate heat exchanger is not suitable for the high-pressure area and for the shell-side flow against the plate pack.

From the EP 08 68 642 B1 a plate heat exchanger is known in which the joined profiled heat transfer plates are permanently connected to the through holes by soldering to a plate package. In this case, the plates are provided with at least one opening, which form a fastener channel in the soldered plate package through which a clamping screw for fixing the plate heat exchanger extends to a support member or a mounting plate, wherein the clamping screw is used simultaneously for clamping the soldered plate package intercept occurring pressure differences. Such a trained plate heat exchanger is also completely unsuitable for the high pressure range and in a Temperaturbreich of -200 ° to + 900 °. But a shell-side influx of a medium is not possible by fully soldered execution.

The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the heat exchangers mentioned at the outset, that the heat exchanger as a metallically sealed and wear-free compact heat exchanger for the high pressure range and for a temperature range of - 200 ° C to + 900 ° C cost for the intended use of prefabricated standard modules can be produced and fluidically designed so that the konzepierte heat transfer surface shell side influx of the plate package is used maximally for the heat transfer.

• das Plattenpaket beiderseits durch eine Paketspannplatte mit Durchtrittsöffnungen begrenzt ist, die einen Durchmesser aufweist, der größer als der Durchmesser des Plattenpakets ist und der dem Innendurchmesser des Gehäusemantels angepaßt ist;
• das Plattenpaket durch mindestens vier Spannbolzen verspannt ist, die an der Peripherie der Wärmeübertragungsplatten verlaufen und mit den Paketspannplatten verschweißt sind;
• die Spannbolzen im Randbereich eines vorbestimmten mantelseitigen Öffnungswinkel positioniert sind, an die bei einem mehrpässigen Plattenpaket zusätzlich ein oder mehrere Mantelabtrennungen festgelegt sind;
• die Bereiche zwischen den Spannbolzen, die außerhalb des Öffnungswinkels liegen, durch jeweils ein Seitenblech überdeckt sind, die an den angrenzenden Spannbolzen festgelegt sind und eine Form aufweisen, die der Peripherie der Wärmeübertragungsplatten des Plattenpakets angepaßt ist;
• die Seitenbleche an den Enden mit U-förmigen Abwinklungen ausgebildet sind, die sich dichtend gegen den Innendurchmesser des Gehäusemantels abstützen;
• die mantelseitigen Öffnungswinkel gegenüber den Bereichen des Plattenpakets, die von den Seitenblechen überdeckt sind, durch eine metallische Abdichtung abgedichtet sind;
• das Plattenpaket über die U-förmigen Abwinklungen der Seitenbleche im Gehäusemantel lagestabil eingelagert ist und der Gehäusemantel durch Endplatten mit Anschlußstutzen, die gleichzeitig das Plattenpaket seitlich im Gehäuse fixieren, metallisch gasdicht verschlossen ist.

This object is achieved in that

• the plate pack is bounded on both sides by a clamping plate with through openings, which has a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the plate pack and which is adapted to the inner diameter of the housing shell;
• the plate pack is braced by at least four clamping bolts which run on the periphery of the heat transfer plates and are welded to the package clamping plates;
• the clamping bolts are positioned in the edge region of a predetermined shell-side opening angle, to which one or more jacket partitions are additionally fixed in the case of a multipass board package;
• the areas between the clamping bolts, which are outside the opening angle, are covered by a respective side plate, which are fixed to the adjacent clamping bolt and have a shape which is adapted to the periphery of the heat transfer plates of the plate pack;
• the side panels are formed at the ends with U-shaped bends, which are sealingly supported against the inner diameter of the housing shell;
• the shell-side opening angles to the areas of the plate pack, which are covered by the side plates, sealed by a metallic seal;
• the plate pack is stored in a stable position on the U-shaped bends of the side plates in the housing shell and the housing shell is closed by metal gas-tight end plates with connecting pieces which simultaneously fix the plate pack laterally in the housing.

The inventive feature combination creates the prerequisite that the heat exchanger can be inexpensively executed from prefabricated standard assemblies as metallically sealed and wear-free compact heat exchanger both in a fully welded embodiment and with a metallically sealed housing, for a wide industrial application, such as for the cold and air conditioning technology, power plant technology, building services, chem. Process technology, etc., at an operating temperature of - 200 ° C to + 900 ° C can be used without interference. By the clamping plates, which consists of the plate pack, which consists of gas-tight welded heat transfer plate pairs and closure plates, both sides and which are welded together by the clamping bolts, both the pressure in the interior of the plate pack and the shell-side pressure by the inflowing medium and possible pressure surges by short-term Increases in pressure taken over the package clamping plates and the clamping bolts. Consequently, the connecting and sealing welds between the heat transfer plates and the closure plates are substantially relieved of pressure, so that leaks can occur due to bursting of the welds due to the permanent pressure load in the plate pack or a possible pressure increase, for example by inevitable pressure surges, even if the heat exchanger used in the high pressure area.

By the design of the opening angle of the shell-side inflow region on the positioning of the clamping bolt on the package clamping plate, which limit the Einströmungsbereich and the metallically sealed coverage of the remaining periphery of the plate package by means of the side plates, the condition is given that the shell-side inflow in the production of a heat exchanger very can be inexpensively adapted to the optimum flow conditions of the jacket medium, which ensure a uniform mantelseitiges flow of the plate package and thus maximum utilization of the designed heat transfer surface for the predetermined application. Furthermore, by the clamping of the plate pack by means of the clamping bolt in conjunction with the U-shaped bend of the ends of the overlapping side plates which are sealingly supported after assembly against the inner diameter of the housing shell, the assembly of the heat exchanger is very simplified and thus carried out very inexpensively , Rather, with the metallic sealing support of the U-shaped bends of the side plates against the inner diameter of the housing shell the shell-side bypass is prevented at the same time and the plate package itself is stably positioned in the housing shell.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the metallic sealing of the shell-side opening angle is carried out with a gauze-like metal fabric, which is inserted in strips between the clamping bolts and under the side panels in the gaps between adjacent heat transfer plate pairs. In this way, the shell-side bypass can be effectively counteracted at the periphery of the plate pack and the sealing can be carried out with a thermally and chemically highly resistant sealing material, which is clearly fixed in position by the side plates.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the sealed areas between the clamping bolts relative to the shell-side opening angles evacuated by a comb plate which is inserted into the columns of adjacent heat transfer plate pairs and fixed over the length of the clamping bolt on the clamping bolt and is supported against the inner wall of the housing shell , Advantageously, these comb plates on a comb shape, which is adapted to the contour of the gaps between the heat transfer plate pairs. With these comb plates on the one hand, the sealing of the sealed gaps between each two adjacent heat transfer plate pairs additionally supported and kept in the columns metallic seal with respect to the inflow clearly in the predetermined position, so that a shell-side bypass at the periphery of the plate stack also effectively prevented can be when the shell-side inflowing medium is gaseous and on the other hand, with an appropriately designed width of the combs an additional support of the plate pack against the inner wall of the housing shell are created and thus the positional stability of the plate pack are supported in the housing shell.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the package clamping plates in the area between the clamping bolts, which are covered by the side plates, approximately offset to the diameter of the plate package.

In this way, the side panels after inserting the metallic seals in the columns of adjacent heat transfer plate pairs laterally fixed on the remote part of the package clamping plates and also adjacent to the clamping bolt combs clearly before welding and fixed.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, each of the side plates consists of two partial side plates, wherein one of the partial side plates has a straight end, which is partially covered by the other part of the side sheet partially flat, which is provided with a Z-shaped end, which is against the inner diameter supported by the housing shell. With the two-part design of the side plates and the proposed arrangement in the covered peripheral region of the plate package and the Z-shaped design of the free end of one of the two partial side plates, which is supported against the inner diameter of the housing shell, the inserted metallic seal in the covered peripheral region of the plate package is completely covered and stably positioned, thus preventing a jacket-side bypass. Furthermore, the condition is thus created that due to the two-part design of the side plates, the width is variable, whereby a problem-free adjustment of the side plates can be made to the surface to be covered during assembly. Consequently, the shell-side opening angle of the inflow region can be adjusted exclusively by the changed positioning of the limiting clamping bolts on the package clamping plates during manufacture exactly to the intended use of the heat exchanger so that a maximum flow through the jacket medium takes place and the designed heat transfer surface of the plate package optimal for heat transfer is being used.

The service-free design of the heat exchanger makes it possible that advantageously the housing shell is welded to the end plates. In this way, a fully welded gas-tight compact heat exchanger can be provided in which leaks and leaks can be completely ruled out.

Of course, if necessary, one of the end plates welded to the housing shell and one of the end plates gas-tight releasably connected to the housing shell. In this case, however, it is recommended that the detachable connection of the end plate is metallically sealed to the housing shell.

Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments are illustrated.

Fig. 1:

eine schematische Darstellung eines vollverschweißten Wärmeübertragers mit zwei plattenseitigen Anschlußstutzen und zwei Mantelstutzen;

Fig. 2:

eine schematische Darstellung eines teilweise geschnittenen Plattenpakets mit Spannbolzen und Anschlußplatte in der Vorderansicht;

Fig. 3:

einen schematisch dargestellten Schnitt A-A von Fig. 1;

Fig. 4:

eine schematische Darstellung einer teilweise ausgebrochenen Ansicht B von Fig. 3;

Fig. 5:

eine schematische Darstellung einer Paketspannplatte in der Seitenansicht mit einem geschlossenen Seitenblech und einem zweiteilig ausgeführten Seitenblech.

In the drawings show:

Fig. 1:

a schematic representation of a fully welded heat exchanger with two plate-side connecting piece and two mantle pieces;

Fig. 2:

a schematic representation of a partially cut plate pack with clamping bolt and connection plate in front view;

3:

a schematically illustrated section AA of Fig. 1 ;

4:

a schematic representation of a partially broken view B of Fig. 3 ;

Fig. 5:

a schematic representation of a package clamping plate in the side view with a closed side plate and a two-part side plate.

The heat exchanger consists essentially of a plate pack 1 with closure plates 19, 19a, the package clamping plates 3, 3a, the clamping bolt 4 - 4x, the side plates 6, 6a or the Teilseitenblechen 6b, 6c and 6d, 6e, the combs 5 - 5c, the metallic seals 11 and the housing shell 12 with the two end plates 13, 13a and at least two fixed to the housing shell 12 mantle 14, 14a and at least two fixed to the end plates 13, 13a plate-side connecting piece 23, 23a.

The housing 21 is in the embodiment shown a vollverschweißter pressure vessel consisting of the housing shell 12 and the two end plates 13; 13a with passage openings 25; 25a is formed, which are gas-tight welded to the housing shell 12 at the periphery. At the passage opening 25 of the end plate 13 of the plate-side connecting piece 23 and at the passage opening 25 a of the end plate 13 a of the plate-side connecting piece 23 a is provided, each of the end plates 13; 13a and the package clamping plate 3, 3a penetrate and circumferentially with the end plate 13; 13a are connected.

On the housing shell 12 are shell-side passage openings 15; 15a provided, to which the jacket pipe 14; 14a are welded gas-tight for the jacket medium.

The plate pack 1 consists of a number of joined round profiled heat transfer plates 2 - 2x, which were determined thermally for the intended use and from the closure plates 19, 19a, which close the plate pack 1 at the ends.

The heat transfer plates 2 - 2x are at the periphery of the passages to heat transfer plate pairs 16; 16a gas-tight welded and the respective adjacent heat transfer plate pairs 16; 16 are together with the closing closure plates 19; 19a at the outer periphery welded together gas-tight.

The closure plates 19; 19a are formed with passage openings, which together with the passage openings of the heat transfer plates 2 - 2x the passageways 24; Form 24a through the plate pack 1. At the openings of the closure plates 19; 19a, the ends of the plate-side connecting pieces 23, 23a welded gas-tight, the package clamping plate 3; 3a and the end plate 13; 13 a of the housing 21 penetrate.

The plate pack 1 is on both sides by the package clamping plates 3; 3a with the passage openings 20; 20a limited, which are clamped by means of clamping bolts 4 - 4x. The clamping bolts 4 - 4 extend adjacent to the periphery of the plate pack 1 and are on both sides with package clamping plates 3; 3a under predetermined bias of the plate package with the package clamping plates 3; 3a welded.

As in Fig. 3 are shown, the clamping bolts 4, 4b and the clamping bolts 4a, 4c on the package clamping plates 3; 3a in the end regions of the opening angle α; α1 of the shell-side flow area of the plate package 1 positioned for the sheath medium. Thus, the shell-side opening angle α; α1 before the welding of the clamping bolt 4, 4b and 4a, 4c in a heat exchanger economically and individually adaptable to the designed power and the fluidic conditions of the jacket medium used. Consequently, the condition is thus created that the correspondingly available lateral surface of the plate pack 1 evenly is acted upon by the jacket medium, so that each heat exchanger for its application can be designed so that the designed heat transfer surface of the plate pack 1 is used optimally thermally.

The running at the periphery of the plate pack 1 clamping bolt 4d, 4e are 90 ° to the center of the opening angle α; α1 offset and the clamping bolts 4f - 4x are in the range of the opening angle α, α1 and are with the package clamping plates 3; 3a welded to further stabilize the plate pack 1. The clamping bolts 4f; 4x are rectangular in this particular case and at the same time serve to set the straight end 18 of the partial side panel 6c; 6f on the periphery of the disk pack 1.

The areas at the periphery of the plate pack 1, which lie between the clamping bolt 4, 4b and 4a, 4c, are opposite to the opening angles α; α1 of the shell-side Anströmbereichs sealed to prevent a shell-side bypass at the periphery of the plate pack 1. For this purpose, metallic seals 8 in strip form are inserted sealingly in the gaps 22 between respectively adjacent heat transfer plate pairs 16, 16a, which preferably consist of a gauzy metal fabric and extend over the entire region between the clamping bolts 4, 4b and 4a, 4c.

The metallic seals 8 are compared with the opening angles α; α1 of the shell-side Anströmbereichs by comb plates 5, 5a and 5b, 5c position stabilized positioned, which engage in the gaps 22 of the adjacent heat transfer plate pairs 16, 16a and extend over the length of the plate pack 1. These comb plates 5; 5a; 5b; 5c are on the opposite side Side of the opening angle α; α1 parallel to the clamping bolt 4; 4a; 4b; 4c and 4c are on the clamping bolt; 4a; 4b; 4c welded.
Advantageously, the combs of the comb plates 5; 5a; 5b; 5 c formed with a contour corresponding to the shape of the columns 22. In order to support the comb plates 5 - 5c at the same time the sealing of the shell-side Anströmbereichs. Advantageously, the comb plates 5 - 5c are designed in a width which is supported on the inner wall of the housing 21 after installation of the heat exchanger. Thus, the pressure-stable position of the plate package 1 in the housing 21 can be additionally improved.

The area between the clamping bolts 4, 4b and 4a, 4c and over the length of the plate pack 1, which is sealed with the inserted metallic seals 8 in the gaps 22, by partial side plates 6b, 6c and 6d, 6e, as in Fig. 5 shown on the left, or one-piece side panels 6; 6a, as in the Fig. 5 shown on the right side, covered, on the respectively adjacent clamping bolt 4; 4a; 4b; 4c are welded and stably position the metallic seals 8 in the gaps 22 between the adjacent heat transfer plate pairs 16, 16a on the shell side even at high pressure.

The at the clamping bolt 4; 4a; 4b; 4c adjacent ends of the side panels 6; 6a and the partial side plates 6b; 6c; 6d; 6e are formed with congruent U-shaped angled portions 7, 7a and 7b, 7c, which are supported sealingly after assembly on the inner wall of the housing shell 12. By this U-shaped angled portions 7, 7a and 7b, 7c of the side plates 6, 6a and Teilseitenbleche 6b - 6e, the plate package 1 is positioned stable in the housing 21 and pressure stabilized and at the same time the metallic seals 8 in the columns 22 through the Side plates 6, 6a or partial side plates 6b - 6e pressurized and thus pressed sealingly into the gaps 22.

As in Fig. 3 and on the left side of Fig. 5 shown, the partial side plates 6c and 6e are each formed with a straight-running end 18 of the clamping bolt 4f; 4x and partly from a partial side panel 6d; 6b, which is provided with a Z-shaped end 17, covered. The Z-shaped end 17 of the partial side panels 6d; 6b is spaced apart from the plate pack 1 so that it is sealingly supported after assembly on the inner wall of the housing shell 12 and thus forms a further support point of the plate pack 1 against the inner wall of the housing shell 12, which further improves the positional stability and pressure stability of the plate pack 1 , With the formation of the partial side plates 6d, 6e and 6b, 6c, namely that of one of the two cooperating partial side plates 6d; 6e and 6b, respectively; 6c has a straight end 18, that of the other part of the side panel 6d; 6c and 6b, respectively; 6c, the partial side plates 6d, 6e or 6b, 6c are individually adaptable to the region to be covered, which is determined by the selected opening angle α, α1 of the shell-side inflow region.

How out Fig. 3 recognizable and in Fig. 2 is indicated, the described embodiment of the heat exchanger is designed mehrpaßt. For this purpose, in the passage 24 a of the plate pack 1, a metallic plate pass 9 and coat side, a metallic jacket separation 10 is used. The metallic jacket partition 10 is slotted on the side facing the plate pack 1 side and placed on the junction of two heat transfer plate pairs 16, 16a and by the inserted metallic seals 6 in the columns 22 of the adjacent heat transfer plate pairs 16, 16 a sealed at the circumference of the plate pack 1 and fixed jacket side sealed against the inner wall of the housing shell 12 with a metallic seal 11.

The inventively proposed and completely metallic sealed heat exchanger is almost service-free and thus suitable for the compact design in a fully welded design in the high pressure and high temperature range. But it can also be designed by the specific embodiment very economically from prefabricated standard modules to each purpose individually for optimum use of the designed heat transfer surface.

Claims (9)

1. Heat exchanger consisting of round profiled heat transfer plates (2-2x) having through-openings for the transfer of heat between media of the same or a different state of aggregation, consisting of

   - a plate pack (1) which is formed from at least two heat transfer plate pairs (16, 16a) which are joined together and consist of in each case two heat transfer plates (2-2x) welded in a gas-tight manner at the through-flow openings, and from two closure plates (19, 19a) having through-openings for a medium flowing through the plate pack (1), which delimit the joined-together heat transfer plate pairs (16, 16a) on both sides, wherein the respectively adjacent heat transfer plate pairs (16, 16a) and the delimiting closure plates (19, 19a) are welded in a gas-tight manner on the outer periphery to form an independent pressure chamber, and

   - a pressure-stable housing (21) having through-openings (25, 25a), which are disposed on the casing side, for a second medium which flows through the plate pack (1) on the casing side, and end-side through-openings (25, 25a) having connection pieces (23, 23a) which can be welded to the through-openings of the closure plates (19, 19a),

   characterised in that

   - the plate pack (1) is delimited on both sides by means of a pack clamping plate (3 or 3a) having through-openings (20 or 20a) which has a diameter which is larger than the diameter of the plate pack (1) and is adapted to the inner diameter of the housing casing (12);

   - the plate pack (1) is braced by means of at least four clamping pins (4 - 4x) which extend on the periphery of the heat transfer plates (2 - 2x) and are welded to the pack clamping plates (3, 3a);

   - the clamping pins (4, 4a or 4b, 4c) are positioned in the boundary region of a predetermined casing-side opening angle (α; α1), to which in addition one or a plurality of casing partitions (10) are additionally fixed in a multiple-pass plate pack (1);

   - the regions between the clamping pins (4, 4b and 4a, 4c) are each covered by a side plate (6 or 6a) which are fixed to the adjoining clamping bolts (4, 4b; 4a, 4c) and have a shape which is adapted to the periphery of the heat transfer plates (2 - 2x) of the plate pack (1);

   - the side plates (6; 6a) are formed on the ends of with U-shaped bent portions (7, 7a) which are supported in a sealing manner against the inner diameter of the housing casing (12);

   - the casing-side opening angles (α; α1) are sealed with respect to the regions of the plate pack (1), which are covered by the side plates (6; 6a), by means of a metallic seal (8);

   - the plate pack (1) is incorporated in a positionally stable manner in the housing casing (12) by means of the U-shaped bent portions (7, 7a) of the side plates (6, 6a), and the housing casing (12) is closed metallically in a gas-tight manner by means of end plates (13 or 13a) having connection pieces (23, 23a) which at the same time fix the plate pack (1) laterally in the housing (21).
2. Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the metallic seal (8) of the casing-side opening angles (α; α1) is a gauze-like metallic fabric which is sealingly inserted in strips in the region between the clamping pins (4; 4b; 4a; 4c) into the gaps (22 - 22x) of adjacent heat transfer plate pairs (16 - 16x) and is covered by the side plates (6; 6a).
3. Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 and 2, characterised in that the sealed regions between the clamping pins (4, 4b; 4a, 4c) are evacuated with respect to the casing-side opening angles (α; α1) in each case by means of a comb plate (5; 5a; 5b; 5c) which is inserted into the gaps (22 - 22x) of adjacent heat transfer plate pairs (16 - 16x) and is fixed to the clamping pins (4; 4b; 4a; 4c) over the length of the clamping pins (4; 4b; 4a; 4c).
4. Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the comb plates (5, 5a, 5b, 5c) are in the shape of a comb which is adapted to the contour of the gaps (22 - 22x) between the heat transfer plate pairs (16 - 16x).
5. Heat exchanger as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the pack clamping plates (3, 3a) are offset in the region between the clamping pins (4, 4b or 4a, 4c) approximately to the diameter of the plate pack (1).
6. Heat exchanger as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the side plates (6; 6a) consist of two partial side plates (6b, 6c or 6d, 6e), wherein one of the partial side plates (6b or 6c / 6d or 6e) has an end (18) which runs out straight and which is covered partially in a planar manner by the other partial side plate (6b or 6c / 6d or 6e) which is provided with an end (17) which is formed in a Z-shape and which is supported against the inner diameter of the housing casing (12).
7. Heat exchanger as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the housing casing (12) is welded to the end plates (13, 13a).
8. Heat exchanger as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that one of the end plates (13; 13a) is welded to the housing casing (12) and one of the end plates (13; 13a) is connected in a gas-tight manner detachably to the housing casing (12).
9. Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the detachable connection of the end plate (13 or 13a) to the housing casing (12) is metallically sealed.

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