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EP1484945B1 - Câble chauffant électrique ou ruban chauffant électrique - Google Patents

Câble chauffant électrique ou ruban chauffant électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1484945B1
EP1484945B1 EP04010990A EP04010990A EP1484945B1 EP 1484945 B1 EP1484945 B1 EP 1484945B1 EP 04010990 A EP04010990 A EP 04010990A EP 04010990 A EP04010990 A EP 04010990A EP 1484945 B1 EP1484945 B1 EP 1484945B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
polytetrafluoroethylene
band
shock
insulating layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04010990A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1484945A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Schwamborn
Wolfgang Dlugas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HEW Kabel GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
HEW Kabel CDT GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by HEW Kabel CDT GmbH and Co KG filed Critical HEW Kabel CDT GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1484945A1 publication Critical patent/EP1484945A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical heating cable or an electrical heating tape having arranged in the layer structure insulating sheaths made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • heating cables in a coaxial arrangement are known (DE-A 28 50 722), in which the heating element is enclosed by a fluoropolymer as insulating material.
  • This insulation is covered by a copper wire mesh, where the individual wires are additionally nickel-plated to avoid corrosion.
  • This braid of the copper wires is the electrical protective conductor of the line, which is provided to avoid accident hazards, for example, by short circuit in the electrically conductive part, within the line.
  • the protective conductor is covered by an outer plastic sheath which, for protection against aggressive media of the environment, e.g. made of a fluoropolymer.
  • DE-U-200 06 222 discloses an electrical heating cable or an electrical heating tape having layered structure of insulating sheaths made of polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the insulation is shock-proofed by a PTFE tape in combination with a glass fiber fabric.
  • a resistant to external mechanical stress electrical heating cable with coaxial layer structure is already known (DE-ES 101 07 429).
  • a glass ceramic tape layer in the layer structure above the conductor insulation of this cable should provide protection against mechanical damage in conjunction with a likewise air-permeable reinforcement layer.
  • On both sides of these two layers air-impermeable layers of an extrudable fluoropolymer are provided so that an air cushion can form between them.
  • the invention is another way to protect located in the layer structure of a heating cable or a heating tape sheaths (conductor insulation, sheath, outer protective sheath) made of polytetrafluoroethylene even at maximum mechanical force by impact or crushing stresses.
  • At least one of the polytetrafluoroethylene sheaths is shock-proofed by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a melt-processable fluoropolymer.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that sufficient protection against external mechanical stresses can be achieved by the juxtaposition of polymer layers of the same polymer family, but different polymer structure.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention results in an electrical heating cable in a coaxial arrangement with a central conductor, an insulation made of polytetrafluoroethylene and a protective conductor in the form of stranded or -geflochtener wires and an outer protective sheath when the polytetrafluoroethylene - insulation, one or more layers, is shock-proofed by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a melt processable fluoropolymer.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of a heating line in a coaxial arrangement results according to the invention when, below the conductor enclosing polytetrafluoroethylene - insulation, and thus directly on the conductor itself, the shock-absorbing insulating layer is arranged from a processable from the melt fluoropolymer.
  • the heating line according to the invention has no air cushion in the layer structure, the heat generated by the conductor heating thus reaches without much heat accumulation to the cable / line surface, ie where it is needed.
  • the line construction is production-technically problem-free, by the extruded polymeric protective layers the line diameters can be kept small.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene insulation is subjected to a temperature treatment for the purpose of sintering the polymer material, the shrinkage of the polytetrafluoroethylene caused thereby results in compaction of the layer structure.
  • the line is therefore, in contrast to the known heating cable with air cushion, also longitudinally watertight, while known glass fiber braids, mica tapes or inorganic films still have an undesirable wicking and therefore provide an ideal moisture transport.
  • heating tape consists, for example, of parallel-guided feed cores and a conductor contacting these conductors at intervals heating coil and an intermediate sheath and / or an outer sheath made of polytetrafluoroethylene, then in carrying out the invention at least one sheath layer by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a processable from the melt Fluoropolymer shock resistant.
  • the sheath is shock-protected by at least one adjacent insulating layer of a processable from the melt fluoropolymer according to the invention .
  • Self-limiting heating tapes have proved to be advantageous for special applications, for example in explosion protection, in these heating tapes with parallel, uninsulated feeders and a surrounding semiconductive sheath and a common insulation and / or an outer protective sheath made of polytetrafluoroethylene in turn, the common insulation and / or Protective jacket shockproof according to the proposal of the invention.
  • the purpose of the longitudinal water-tightness and compactness of the heating lines or heating strips according to the invention, in continuation of the invention, is also to weld or bond the shock-absorbing insulating layers with the polytetrafluoroethylene sheathings. At the same time the bending fatigue strength of such arrangements is substantially increased.
  • the thickness of the impact absorbing layer is 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
  • the thickness to be selected in the case of heating cables in coaxial arrangement and on the conductor immediately located shock absorbing insulating layer depends essentially on the respective conductor diameter. For example, with a conductor diameter of 1.5 mm, the impact absorbing layer is 0.2 mm.
  • the invention offers particular advantages even if the conductor insulation consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene tape wound with overlap of the edges, for example with a rectangular cross section.
  • the gussets formed by the winding of the band are filled with the fluoropolymer of the impact absorbing layer.
  • the adhesion of the adjoining layers is improved, the further compactness gained thereby ensures a high stability of the line against kinking and bending.
  • the shock-absorbing layer according to the invention consists of a melt processable fluoropolymer. Since, in the case of a generic heating cable or a heating band, the task also depends on a high long-term temperature resistance, if appropriate also under the influence of aggressive media, it is advantageous to produce the impact-absorbing layer of a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer (TFA / PFA).
  • TFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer
  • tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer FEP
  • polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether copolymer also known under the trade name HYFLON MFA
  • FEP tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer
  • HYFLON MFA polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinyl ether copolymer
  • melt-processable fluoropolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), may sometimes find advantageous use.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention results in a polytetrafluoroethylene envelope from a wound polytetrafluoroethylene tape if this has a plano-convex cross-sectional shape.
  • the plano-convex shape after winding and sintering of the polytetrafluoroethylene band results in a compact envelope with a closed smooth outer surface. This is of particular advantage when the outer surface is exposed to aggressive media in the environment.
  • the strip of polytetrafluoroethylene in cross-section as a flat profile, with tapering from the center to both sides edge regions and at the edges regular band.
  • PTFE strip material
  • the edges of the band made of polytetrafluoroethylene are drawn wide, wherein the edge width on both sides of the band thickness determining middle region is at least 45%, preferably 50 to 80%, of the entire width of the band.
  • the thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene tape advantageously used according to the invention is from 20 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably from 40 to 160 ⁇ m.
  • the tape thickness decreases to the edges (edge) down to 5 microns and less.
  • the bandwidth is expediently 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm.
  • the same band dimensions apply with particular advantage also for the case that in addition to the insulation and the outer protective sheath consists of a wound tape made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • an impact-absorbing insulating layer of a melt processable fluoropolymer below the polytetrafluoroethylene wrap layer (s).
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention would be the one or both sides of the protective conductor an impact absorbing insulating layer of a processable from the melt fluoropolymer adjacent to enclose the protective conductor so with these insulating layers.
  • the conductor 1 as shown in Figure 1, for example, a number of individual resistance wires.
  • the conductor insulation is designated 2, it consists of a high temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene, the term "polytetrafluoroethylene”, as above, includes cole tetrafluoroethylene polymers provided with modifying additives, but in such an amount that the polymer, such as PTFE itself, from the melt is not processable.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene used consists of a first unsintered tape or film material wound on the heating conductor in the unsintered state, preferably with overlap, for example up to 50%, and sintered in the wound state by a corresponding temperature treatment.
  • the individual tape layers are fused or welded into a compact insulation.
  • the protective conductor 3 consists of individual metallic wires, such as nickel-plated copper wires, which are stranded on the insulation 2 or woven to achieve the widest, covering over the circumference covering.
  • the heating line is completed by the jacket 4, which is useful, since such lines are also used in the sphere of influence of aggressive media, such as in the chemical industry, is made of a suitably suitable plastic material.
  • Fluorinated polymers which are applied in extruded form or in which a winding of initially unsintered and wound wound PTFE tapes forms the outer termination of the heating cable have also proved advantageous as cladding materials.
  • shock absorbing layer 5 is provided.
  • This layer of extrudable fluoropolymer, amorphous in accordance with the invention dampens the impact energy applied from the outside and thus prevents conduction damage or destruction.
  • the heating cable again in a coaxial design, consists of the heating element 6, for example, a plurality of individual stranded together or braided resistance wires.
  • the conductor insulation is denoted by 7, it consists in the present embodiment of one or more layers of a band of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • this tape wound up in the unsintered state and sintered in the wound state forms a compact, longitudinally watertight casing which is also insensitive to aggressive media, but due to the material structure is not sufficiently suitable for absorbing shock or impact stress without damage .
  • the invention provides the shock absorbing layer 8 of a melt processable fluoropolymer. This layer covers the conductor 6 directly, because of the smaller in relation to the diameter of the line conductor diameter, the wall thickness of the layer 8 can be kept extremely thin. Compared to the solution according to FIG. 1, this substantially saves polymer material, moreover, this embodiment leads to a reduced overall diameter compared with the above exemplary embodiment, but above all with respect to the prior art.
  • This line construction substantially enhances the material-specific properties of PTFE and PFA (TFA, MFA).
  • PTFE PTFE
  • PFA PFA
  • the heating cable according to the invention therefore meets all safety requirements, in particular those for explosion protection.
  • this heating line according to the invention is inexpensive to produce, partly because of the simplified compared to the prior art steps, partly because of the lower amounts of material, which are also still assigned to the same polymer family. A particular advantage when a high continuous temperature resistance is required, for example in hot steam cleaning plants with operating temperatures between 300 ° and 320 ° C.
  • the outer jacket 10 is in this embodiment also made of a winding of PTFE - bands, subjected in the wound state of a temperature treatment and thus welded or fused to form a compact enclosure.
  • the particular cross-sectional shape of the PTFE tape provided according to the invention results in a particularly smooth, self-contained surface. A rupture of the individual tape layers under impact or impact stress is avoided by the inventive solution to arrange a shock-absorbing polymer layer of the same polymer family in the layer structure of the heating line.
  • the heating line according to the invention according to Figure 2 is also characterized by particularly favorable external dimensions.
  • the diameter of the conductor 6 is 1.4 mm
  • the wall thickness of the shock absorbing layer 8 is 0.2 mm
  • the insulation 7 has a wall thickness of 0.6 mm
  • the thickness of the braid 9 is 0, 4 mm
  • the jacket 10 has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm. Notwithstanding the preferred embodiment of FIG. 2, other variants are possible.
  • insulating layers of PTFE and PFA for example, in the layer structure of the heating line alternate, such as PTFE / PFA / PTFE or PFA / PTFE / PFA, the prerequisite is as in the embodiments that these insulating layers adjacent to each other.

Landscapes

  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Câble chauffant électrique ou ruban chauffant électrique comportant des enveloppes isolantes (2, 4, 7, 10) de polytétrafluoroéthylène, montées dans un assemblage en couches,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    au moins l'une des enveloppes de polytétrafluoroéthylène (2, 4, 7, 10) est protégée contre les chocs par au moins une couche isolante adjacente (5, 8) constituée d'un polymère fluoré pouvant être transformé à partir de la masse fondue.
  2. Câble chauffant électrique selon la revendication 1 dans un dispositif coaxial comportant un conducteur central (1, 6), une isolation (2, 7) constituée de polytétrafluoroéthylène et d'un conducteur de protection (3, 9) sous la forme de fils métalliques câblés ou tressés par-dessus ainsi qu'une enveloppe protectrice extérieure (4, 10),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'isolation de polytétrafluoroéthylène (2, 7), constituée d'une ou plusieurs couches, est protégée contre les chocs par au moins une couche isolante adjacente (5, 8) constituée d'un polymère fluoré pouvant être transformé à partir de la masse fondue.
  3. Câble chauffant électrique selon la revendication 2 dans un dispositif coaxial comportant une isolation (7) de polytétrafluoroéthylène constituée d'une couche entourant le conducteur central (6) et un conducteur de protection (9) recouvrant celle-ci ainsi qu'une enveloppe protectrice extérieure (10),
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une couche isolante absorbant les chocs (8) constituée d'un polymère fluoré pouvant être transformé à partir de la masse fondue est montée sous l'isolation de polytétrafluoroéthylène (7), et donc directement sur le conducteur (6).
  4. Ruban chauffant électrique selon la revendication 1 comportant des brins d'alimentation se composant de conducteurs électriques parallèles, isolés et un filament de chauffage contactant à intervalles les conducteurs de ces brins d'alimentation ainsi qu'une enveloppe intermédiaire et/ou une enveloppe extérieure de polytétrafluoroéthylène,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    au moins une couche d'enveloppe est protégée contre les chocs par au moins une couche isolante adjacente constituée d'un polymère fluoré pouvant être transformé à partir d'une masse fondue.
  5. Ruban chauffant électrique selon la revendication 1 comportant des conducteurs d'alimentation parallèles, non isolés et un filament de chauffage guidé parallèlement à ceux-ci et contacté à intervalles par les conducteurs d'alimentation ainsi qu'une enveloppe commune, constitué d'un polytétrafluoroéthylène,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'enveloppe est protégée contre les chocs par au moins une couche isolante adjacente constituée d'un polymère fluoré pouvant être transformé à partir de la masse fondue.
  6. Ruban chauffant électrique selon la revendication 1, comportant des conducteurs d'alimentation parallèles, non isolés et une enveloppe semi-conductrice entourant ceux-ci ainsi qu'une isolation commune et/ou une enveloppe protectrice extérieure de polytétrafluoroéthylène,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'isolation commune et/ou la enveloppe protectrice sont protégées contre les chocs par au moins une couche isolante adjacente constituée d'un polymère fluoré pouvant être transformé à partir de la masse fondue.
  7. Câble chauffant selon la revendication 2 ou 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'épaisseur de la couche isolante absorbant les chocs (5, 8) est de 0,1 à 0,8mm, de préférence, de 0,2 à 0,5mm, en fonction du diamètre du conducteur respectif (1, 6).
  8. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 1 ou l'une quelconque des revendications suivantes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche isolante absorbant les chocs (5, 8) est soudée ou collée à l'enveloppe de polytétrafluoroéthylène (isolation, enveloppe) (2, 4, 7, 10).
  9. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 1 ou l'une quelconque des revendications suivantes, comportant une enveloppe (2, 4, 7, 10) constituée d'un ruban de polytétrafluoroéthylène enroulé avec un chevauchement des arêtes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les coins formés par l'enroulement du ruban sont remplis par le polymère fluoré de la couche isolante absorbant les chocs (5, 8).
  10. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 1 ou l'une quelconque des revendications suivantes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche isolante absorbant les chocs (5, 8) se compose d'un copolymère de tétrafluoroéthylène - perfluoroalkylvinyl éther (TFA/PFA).
  11. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 1 ou l'une quelconque des revendications suivantes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche isolante absorbant les chocs (5, 8) se compose d'un copolymère de tétrafluoroéthylène / hexafluoropropylène (FEP).
  12. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 1 ou l'une quelconque des revendications suivantes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la couche isolante absorbant les chocs (5, 8) se compose d'un polytétrafluoroéthylène ― perfluorométhylvinyl éther (MFA).
  13. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 1 ou l'une quelconque des revendications suivantes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le polytétrafluoroéthylène de l'enveloppe (2, 4, 7,10) est aggloméré par frittage.
  14. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le ruban de polytétrafluoroéthylène présente une forme transversale rectangulaire.
  15. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le ruban de polytétrafluoroéthylène présente une forme transversale plan-convexe.
  16. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le ruban de polytétrafluoroéthylène est formé transversalement en tant que profil plat, comportant des zones du bord s'effilant depuis le centre vers les deux côtés et un déroulement de ruban régulier sur les arêtes.
  17. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 16,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les bords du ruban de polytétrafluoroéthylène sont tirés largement, moyennant quoi la largeur du bord des deux côtés de la zone centrale déterminant l'épaisseur de bande est d'au moins 45 %, de préférence, de 50 à 80 %, de la largeur totale du ruban.
  18. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 15 ou l'une quelconque des revendications suivantes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'épaisseur du ruban de polytétrafluoroéthylène est de 20 à 200 µm, de préférence, de 40 à 160 µm, laquelle diminue en direction des arêtes (bord) de 5 µm et moins.
  19. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 18,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la largeur du ruban de polytétrafluoroéthylène présente 5 à 50 mm, de préférence, 10 à 30mm.
  20. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 1 ou l'une quelconque des revendications suivantes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'enveloppe protectrice extérieure se compose d'un ruban de polytétrafluoroéthylène enroulé.
  21. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 20,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une couche isolante absorbant les chocs constituée d'un polymère fluoré pouvant être transformé à partir de la masse fondue est agencée au-dessous de la ou des couche(s) d'enroulement de polytétrafluoroéthylène.
  22. Câble chauffant ou ruban chauffant selon la revendication 2 ou l'une quelconque des revendications suivantes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une couche isolante absorbant les chocs constituée d'un polymère fluoré pouvant être transformé à partir de la masse fondue est adjacente sur un côté ou sur deux côtés au conducteur de protection.
EP04010990A 2003-06-05 2004-05-08 Câble chauffant électrique ou ruban chauffant électrique Expired - Lifetime EP1484945B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10325517 2003-06-05
DE10325517A DE10325517A1 (de) 2003-06-05 2003-06-05 Elektrische Heizleitung oder Heizband

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1484945A1 EP1484945A1 (fr) 2004-12-08
EP1484945B1 true EP1484945B1 (fr) 2006-04-26

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EP04010990A Expired - Lifetime EP1484945B1 (fr) 2003-06-05 2004-05-08 Câble chauffant électrique ou ruban chauffant électrique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7220916B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1484945B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE324765T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2469775A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10325517A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20042302L (fr)
RU (1) RU2342807C2 (fr)

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DE102021210186A1 (de) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-16 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Heizdrahtvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Heizdrahtvorrichtung

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RU2004130929A (ru) 2006-04-10
RU2342807C2 (ru) 2008-12-27
DE10325517A1 (de) 2004-12-23
EP1484945A1 (fr) 2004-12-08
NO20042302L (no) 2004-12-06
CA2469775A1 (fr) 2004-12-05
ATE324765T1 (de) 2006-05-15
US7220916B2 (en) 2007-05-22
US20050016757A1 (en) 2005-01-27
DE502004000457D1 (de) 2006-06-01

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