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EP1320119A1 - Ionisierenden Strahlendetektor und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben - Google Patents

Ionisierenden Strahlendetektor und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1320119A1
EP1320119A1 EP02354190A EP02354190A EP1320119A1 EP 1320119 A1 EP1320119 A1 EP 1320119A1 EP 02354190 A EP02354190 A EP 02354190A EP 02354190 A EP02354190 A EP 02354190A EP 1320119 A1 EP1320119 A1 EP 1320119A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
tubes
wire
detector
ionizing radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02354190A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1320119B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Buffet
Bruno Guerard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INSTITUT MAX VON LAUE - PAUL LANGEVIN
Original Assignee
INSTITUT MAX VON LAUE - PAUL LANGEVIN
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INSTITUT MAX VON LAUE - PAUL LANGEVIN filed Critical INSTITUT MAX VON LAUE - PAUL LANGEVIN
Publication of EP1320119A1 publication Critical patent/EP1320119A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1320119B1 publication Critical patent/EP1320119B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/02—Ionisation chambers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/001—Details
    • H01J47/002—Vessels or containers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of detectors of particles or ionizing radiation, and in particular neutron, ⁇ or X-ray detectors.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents the conventional structure of a cell 2 sensitive to ionizing radiation, using the same detection principle as the invention.
  • This cell comprises a conductive tube 4 filled with a gaseous mixture, sealed at its ends by insulating plugs 6.
  • a conductive wire 8, the ends of which pass through the plugs 6 in a sealed manner, is held taut in the center of the tube 4 by a spring 10 located inside the tube.
  • a positive electrical potential applied to the wire 8 by means of a measurement circuit 12 makes it possible to define inside the tube an electric field which is favorable to the drift and the amplification of electrons generated with the passage of ionizing radiation. which strikes the tube in a direction substantially orthogonal to the axis of this tube.
  • a resistive wire is used in a case where it is desired to carry out a position measurement along the tube by load division.
  • the measurement circuit then includes a reading electronics allowing a measurement of the load signal amplitude at each end of the wire.
  • Another operating mode, called “counting” uses electronics based on the comparison, with respect to a reference voltage, of the signal measured at one end of the wire.
  • the gaseous mixture contained in the tube is intended to be ionized by the particles which it is desired to detect, either directly, or after conversion into ionizing particles.
  • CF4 CF4
  • He 3 plays the role of converter
  • the CF4 that of the stop gas of the two ionizing particles (proton and triton) emitted. after capture of a neutron by an atom of He 3 .
  • the tube 4 and the pressure at which is trapped the gas mixture are highly variable.
  • the tube 4 can have a length of around one meter, a diameter of approximately 8 mm and a thickness of approximately 0.2 mm and the gas mixture can be trapped in the tube at a pressure of about 15 bars.
  • the realization of such a cell, which involves perfectly sealing the plugs 6 under high pressure, after positioning the wire, is particularly expensive. It is possible to provide means of individual padding for each cell, but this creates undesirable additional mechanical bulk.
  • the distance ⁇ between the inner wall of the tube 4 and the spring 10 conditions the maximum electric voltage or breakdown voltage that can be applied between the electrodes and the tube.
  • the uniformity of response of the cell is affected by the imprecision in centering the wire at inside the tube, and such wire centering is difficult to achieve by means of the spring 10.
  • the presence of the spring 10 in the tube and the difficulty of centering the wire 8 at spring 10 means limit the maximum amplification gain with which the detector can operate, which has direct consequences on detector performance (energy and position resolution).
  • An ionizing radiation detector is conventionally formed of several cells 2 whose tubes are juxtaposed and form a sensitive surface.
  • the operation of a cell depends on the quality and pressure of the gas mixture it contains.
  • it is difficult to manufacture several sensitive cells comprising the same gas mixture stable at long term and identical for all cells. It follows that no sensitive cell actually works identical to the others.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive assembly of cells sensitive to ionizing radiation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such an assembly which is inexpensive to maintain.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such an assembly composed of sensitive cells having a functioning homogeneous.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such an assembly comprising sensitive tubular cells small diameter supporting a high amplification gain.
  • an ionizing radiation detector comprising a plurality parallel conductive tubes containing a mixture gaseous under pressure, a conducting wire being stretched in the center of each tube and suitable for being polarized with respect thereto, and comprising first and second sealed enclosures having each a wall provided with openings in which are tightly inserted the first and second ends of each tube, the ends of each tube being open.
  • a non-watertight centering means of the conductive wire is mounted at each end of each tube.
  • the wire is kept taut at at least one end of each tube to using a tensioning means arranged outside the tube.
  • the means of centering includes a cap of insulating material attached to the tube and provided with an axial bore suitable for guiding the wire.
  • the insulating material cap is crossed along the axis of revolution of the tube by a first cylindrical opening in which is slidably mounted a terminal enclosing the end thread, the tensioning means resting on the cap in insulating material and urging the terminal towards the outside of the tube, a second opening passing through the material cap insulating between the inside of the tube and the airtight enclosure which the tube is attached to.
  • the ends of the tubes have a smaller predetermined diameter to the diameter of the body of the tubes, the wall openings in which are inserted the ends of two adjacent tubes being separated by a space equal to the difference between the diameter of the end of the tubes and the diameter of the body of the tubes.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacture of an ionizing radiation detector comprising the steps of: inserting the first and second ends of a plurality of conductive tubes in openings practiced in a first and second wall sealed enclosures so that the tubes are arranged in parallel ; fix simultaneously or one after the other by weld each end of each tube into the opening in which said end is inserted in such a way that inside the tubes and inside the sealed enclosures are tightly connected; and fill the speakers seals and tubes of a predetermined gas mixture at a predetermined pressure.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a detector 14 according to the present invention, comprising a sensitive surface formed by a juxtaposition of sensitive tubular cells 16.
  • Each sensitive cell 16 comprises a conductive tube 18 of which a first end passes through a metal wall 19 of a sealed enclosure 20 and the second end of which passes through a wall 21 of a sealed enclosure 22.
  • the ends of the tubes 18 are welded to the walls 19 and 21 of the enclosures 20 and 22 of such so that all the tubes 18 and the speakers 20 and 22 can be filled with a gaseous mixture under pressure.
  • the ends of the tubes 18 have a diameter less than the diameter of the body of the tubes.
  • Each sensitive cell 16 comprises a conductive wire 26, resistive in the case of a version with longitudinal location, maintained stretched in the center of the tube 18 by caps 28 and 29 respectively arranged at the ends of the tube 18 in the enclosures 20 and 22.
  • the caps 28 and 29 are also provided to ensure communication between speakers 20 and 22 and the tubes 18.
  • At least one of the enclosures 20 and 22 is connected to means not shown making it possible to create a vacuum and bring the gas mixture to the desired pressure.
  • the extremities conducting wires 26 are connected to bushings watertight electrics 30 arranged in the walls of the enclosures 20 and 22. These crossings are connected to a measurement circuit 12 via appropriate connectors.
  • the manufacture of the detector is particularly simple.
  • the tubes 18 can be assembled without welding to the walls 19 and 21, for example by simple insertion into openings practiced for this purpose in these walls.
  • the tubes can all be welded to walls 19 and 21 one after the other or all at once in an oven.
  • a variant of the present invention also provides for welding between them the adjacent tubes, so as to stiffen tube assembly. Simultaneous welding of all tubes of a detector according to the present invention represents a gain of particularly advantageous time and savings.
  • the walls 19 and 21 are joined to other elements to define the speakers 20 and 22. The interior of the whole is degassed then the desired gas mixture is introduced into the enclosures 20 and 22 and into the tubes 18.
  • the gas mixture contained in a detector according to the present invention can easily be exchange.
  • One detector filled with different gas mixtures can thus be used for the detection of several types of ionizing radiation.
  • a wall of each enclosure is removable to allow easy access to son of sensitive cells, and thereby easy replacement and inexpensive of a defective or damaged wire.
  • a set of tubes according to the present invention constitutes a single mechanical block, which eliminates assembly problems that arose with individual tubes according to the prior art.
  • Figure 3 shows one end of a tube 18 fixed to an opening in the wall 19.
  • the wire 26 is held stretched in the center of the tube 18 by a cap of insulating material 28 fixed to the end of the tube 18.
  • the cap 28 is passed through the along the axis of revolution of the tube through an opening cylindrical 34 in which is slidably mounted a terminal crimping 36.
  • the end of the wire 26 is crimped in the terminal 36.
  • a spring 38 bears on the cap 28 and urges the lug 36 towards the outside of the tube so as to hold the wire 26 stretched in the center of the tube.
  • An opening 40 crosses the cap 28 so as to communicate the gas mixture contained in the tube and in the enclosure 20 or 22.
  • the cap 29 fixed to the end of the tube 18 fixed to the wall 21 has a structure identical to that of FIG. 3, but does not include no spring 38.
  • the terminal 36 bears directly on the cap 29.
  • the centering and tensioning structure of the wire 26, comprising the caps 28 and 29, the lugs 36 and the spring 38, is not intended to ensure any tightness of the tube 18. It it follows that the realization of such a structure is particularly simple and makes it possible to maintain each wire 26 stretched precisely at the center of the ends of the tube 18 of each sensitive cell. It is thus possible to make cells sensitive formed of tubes 18 of small diameter and having a high amplification gain.
  • the structure comprising the caps 28 and 29, the lugs 36 and the spring 38 making it possible to make sensitive cells all having the same geometry, and sensitive cells all containing the same gas mixture at the same pressure, sensitive cells gain high amplification and perfectly uniform.
  • Figure 4 very schematically shows a top view in section of the tubes 18 of the detector 14 of FIG. 2.
  • the tubes 18, joined, are arranged in a plane so the sensitive surface of the detector is flat.
  • a detector according to the present invention may include a large number of tubes.
  • the present invention is capable of various variations and modifications that will appear to humans of career.
  • the invention has been described in relation with a detector whose sensitive surface is composed of sensitive cells arranged in a plane, but the human profession will easily adapt the present invention to a detector whose sensitive cells are arranged differently.
  • Figure 5 shows by way of example a view of sectional top of the tubes 18 of a detector according to a variant of the present invention.
  • the tubes 18 are arranged in a parallel, non-contiguous, staggered fashion along two parallel planes. Such an arrangement of the tubes allows in particular to improve detection efficiency. Tubes 18 not being contiguous, the diameter of the tubes 18 can be constant over their entire length.
  • Figure 6 shows a sectional view of tubes 18 of a detector according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the tubes 18 are joined and arranged so as to form a substantially curved surface, for example following an arc.
  • the present invention has been described in relation to a detector comprising a group of tubes, the first and second ends are connected to first and second sealed enclosures, the sealed enclosures each comprising at minus a watertight electrical crossing 30.
  • FIG 7 is a sectional view of an enclosure waterproof 50 of a detector according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the detector has a group of tubes 18, the first ends of which are connected to a wall 48 of the enclosure 50.
  • the second ends of the tubes 18, not shown, are fixed to the wall of a sealed enclosure such that enclosure 20 or 22 in Figure 2.
  • enclosure 50 the ends of the wires 26 located in adjacent tubes 18 are connected two by two, from which it follows that enclosure 50 does not has no waterproof connector 30.
  • Such a variant of realization allows to halve the number of channels of reading of the measurement circuit 12, and reducing the dead zone generated by one of the two speakers.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic sectional view of a tube of a sensitive cell of a detector according to a variant of the present invention.
  • Several cathode wires 42 are stretched in each tube 18 parallel around the central anode wire 26, significantly closer to this wire than to the wall of the tube.
  • Figure 8 is not drawn to scale for reasons of clarity.
  • Six cathode wires were represented in Figure 8 but any suitable number of cathode wires can to be used.
  • Caps attached to the ends of the tubes will then have around their axial opening a crown openings each intended to receive a conductive wire and the wires can be held in place by crimp terminals as described above, which will allow and simply maintain such a structure.
  • the cathode wires will be an intermediate potential between that of the anode and that of tube. There will thus be a first electric field called drift between the wall and the cathode wires and a second so-called amplification field between the cathode wires and the wire anode.
  • the drift and amplification fields can be independently optimized, which reduces the time required for collection of electrons generated in the tube by radiation.
  • cathode wires can be connected independently or in subgroups to provide angular information on the generation location of electrons.

Landscapes

  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
EP02354190A 2001-12-07 2002-12-06 Detektor für ionisierende Strahlung und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben Expired - Lifetime EP1320119B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0115898A FR2833407B1 (fr) 2001-12-07 2001-12-07 Detecteur de rayonnements ionisants et procede de fabrication d'un tel detecteur
FR0115898 2001-12-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1320119A1 true EP1320119A1 (de) 2003-06-18
EP1320119B1 EP1320119B1 (de) 2010-02-17

Family

ID=8870267

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02354190A Expired - Lifetime EP1320119B1 (de) 2001-12-07 2002-12-06 Detektor für ionisierende Strahlung und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6891165B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1320119B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4110957B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE458262T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60235342D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2833407B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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RU2339053C2 (ru) * 2006-12-06 2008-11-20 Объединенный Институт Ядерных Исследований Координатный газонаполненный детектор излучения

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7078704B2 (en) * 2003-05-23 2006-07-18 Proportional Technologies, Inc. Cylindrical ionization detector with a resistive cathode and external readout
US7335890B2 (en) * 2006-06-22 2008-02-26 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for detecting atomic particles
RU2329523C1 (ru) * 2006-12-12 2008-07-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственный заказчик - Федеральное агентство по атомной энергии Детектор нейтронов
US7858949B2 (en) * 2008-07-18 2010-12-28 Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc Multi-anode ionization chamber
US7964852B2 (en) * 2009-09-18 2011-06-21 General Electric Company Neutron sensitivity using detector arrays
CN102565846B (zh) * 2011-12-30 2014-05-14 清华大学 蜂窝型热中子探测器
WO2017027679A1 (en) * 2015-08-11 2017-02-16 Douglas Scott Mcgregor Micro cavity fission chamber radiation detection system
JP6228340B1 (ja) * 2017-05-15 2017-11-08 東芝電子管デバイス株式会社 中性子位置検出器
RU184552U1 (ru) * 2018-06-27 2018-10-30 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Российский Федеральный Ядерный Центр - Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Технической Физики имени академика Е.И. Забабахина" (ФГУП "РФЯЦ-ВНИИТФ им. академ. Е.И. Забабахина") Счетчик нейтронов
US20220018979A1 (en) * 2020-07-20 2022-01-20 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Devices for mounting imaging detectors

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US3930162A (en) * 1972-06-21 1975-12-30 Siemens Ag Matrix-form radiation image converter
US4289967A (en) * 1980-05-23 1981-09-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Multianode cylindrical proportional counter for high count rates
EP1030346A2 (de) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-23 GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH Modularer Ionisationsdetektor

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US4684806A (en) * 1985-05-01 1987-08-04 Mitrofanov Nicholas M Rhenium lined Geiger-Mueller tube
US6483114B1 (en) * 2000-03-20 2002-11-19 Proportional Technologies, Inc. Positron camera
SE519092C2 (sv) * 2001-06-13 2003-01-14 Xcounter Ab Detektion av joniserande strålning

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3930162A (en) * 1972-06-21 1975-12-30 Siemens Ag Matrix-form radiation image converter
US4289967A (en) * 1980-05-23 1981-09-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Multianode cylindrical proportional counter for high count rates
EP1030346A2 (de) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-23 GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH Modularer Ionisationsdetektor

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KLIAUGA P ET AL: "A MULTI-ELEMENT PROPORTIONAL COUNTER FOR RADIATION PROTECTION MEASUREMENTS", HEALTH PHYSICS, PERGAMON PRESS LTD. OXFORD, GB, vol. 57, no. 4, October 1989 (1989-10-01), pages 631 - 636, XP000070331, ISSN: 0017-9078 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2339053C2 (ru) * 2006-12-06 2008-11-20 Объединенный Институт Ядерных Исследований Координатный газонаполненный детектор излучения

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6891165B2 (en) 2005-05-10
US20030150999A1 (en) 2003-08-14
EP1320119B1 (de) 2010-02-17
JP4110957B2 (ja) 2008-07-02
FR2833407B1 (fr) 2004-03-12
FR2833407A1 (fr) 2003-06-13
JP2003207573A (ja) 2003-07-25
DE60235342D1 (de) 2010-04-01
ATE458262T1 (de) 2010-03-15

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