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EP1389331B1 - Systeme de detection d'incendie a auto-aspiration - Google Patents

Systeme de detection d'incendie a auto-aspiration Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1389331B1
EP1389331B1 EP02737792A EP02737792A EP1389331B1 EP 1389331 B1 EP1389331 B1 EP 1389331B1 EP 02737792 A EP02737792 A EP 02737792A EP 02737792 A EP02737792 A EP 02737792A EP 1389331 B1 EP1389331 B1 EP 1389331B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
scattered
detectors
fire detection
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02737792A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1389331A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Spohn
Hauke Dittmer
Kurt Lenkeit
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Minimax GmbH and Co KG
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Minimax GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1389331A1 publication Critical patent/EP1389331A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-priming fire alarm device for Monitoring of technical installations, buildings and storage areas Emergence of fires according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Self-priming fire alarm systems are intended to provide fire alarm systems be understood, which have one or more intake pipes whose Intake openings Air samples from the plant or system to be monitored Remove the room area and the fire detection detectors for measurement supply different fire characteristics.
  • Self-priming systems are advantageously used when only low thermal energy develops in a smoldering fire and smoke particles only very slowly reach the detection range of the fire detectors, which are often mounted at a greater distance. This is especially the case in larger rooms and storage areas. In air-conditioned and forced-ventilated rooms, where sometimes changing air currents and strong dilution effects occurred, self-priming systems of higher sensitivity can be used very advantageously for early detection.
  • the intake ports can be located within certain hazardous equipment areas, such as the housing of an electrical control cabinet or a computer system, so that the air samples are removed directly from the risk area of special equipment objects and can be detected together , Genesis fires in plant areas can be detected early and appropriate countermeasures taken. Depending on the value concentration, fire risk and overall fire protection concept, the early fire detection is of particular economic importance, For self-priming systems usually only highly sensitive detectors are used. Optical scattered light measuring systems as highly sensitive detectors, have proven to be well suited to be able to detect smoke particles products of thermal decomposition, soot or suspended particles) in the smallest amounts.
  • Such known systems are available in numerous variants and usually use an LED or a laser diode as a scattered light source.
  • the light rays emitted by the light source pass through a test section through a sample volume and are scattered on existing smoke particles.
  • the inhomogeneously distributed scattered light is then converted by one or more receiving elements (photoelectric detectors) into a measurable electrical signal.
  • the intensity of the scattering angle of the scattered light depends inter alia on the wavelength of light, size and shape, as well as the optical properties of the smoke particles present in the sample volume. From the analysis of the signals of the receiving elements arranged at different scattering angles, it is possible to draw conclusions about the number and the particles present in the air sample volume.
  • a disadvantage of highly sensitive systems is the danger False alarms due to the unexpected occurrence of non-relevant fire parameters (eg cigarette smoke) or the effect of noise or deception such as particulate matter or water vapor on the detectors.
  • non-relevant fire parameters eg cigarette smoke
  • noise or deception such as particulate matter or water vapor on the detectors.
  • DE4231088 A1 discloses a fire alarm system which comprises a smoke detector operating according to the scattered light principle, whose scattered light receivers can be positioned at different scattering angles.
  • the optical scattered light measuring system In order to obtain a more accurate picture of the particles in the sample volume, it is proposed to additionally equip the optical scattered light measuring system with a polarization filter and to determine the degree of polarization of the scattered light. From the clear correlation between the degree of polarization and scattering angle can then be concluded that a certain type of smoke.
  • Experimental tests with test fires have been used to store different patterns of smoke types with thresholds in databases, which are then compared to the results of scattered light and polarization measurements. From the comparison of both smoke patterns should then give indications of the fire type.
  • EP-A-1 006 5000 discloses a point-type smoke detector described, the smoke sensor and / or a gas sensor and a Contains suction device and a flow sensor.
  • the aim of this writing is a Solution for minimal or no air circulation in the immediate area (in Centimeter to meter range) of the punctiform fire detector.
  • These point detectors have a limited surveillance area, the in addition to the physical limits additionally by the corresponding national Standards / regulations.
  • This fire detector with an integrated intake differs significantly from the subject matter of the present invention, because it does not take as the self-priming fire alarm device described in this document via one or more intake pipes with suction air samples. Therefore, a variety of fire alarms for detection in different rooms / objects is necessary. In particular, it is not possible, as in the case of the self-priming fire detection device described in this document, to take air samples in the immediate vicinity of the potential source of the fire, which may be more than one hundred meters away from the fire detector.
  • the object of the present invention is derived to provide a fire detection device of the generic type which detected fires at different locations by a single device early with high sensitivity and still able to disturb the or to differentiate deception sizes from the fire characteristics relevant to the fire development and the course of the fire.
  • the fire alarm device according to the invention should be able to generate according to the development of fire various alarm levels, which allows the use of graded flexible fire fighting measures. In this case, a minimization of false alarm frequency while increasing the sensitivity of the system can be achieved.
  • the invention it is proposed to supplement a highly sensitive optical scattered light measuring system by additional arrangement of one or more gas sensors or a gas sensor array, and to link the measured variables of the individual detectors to a logical alarm level generation.
  • Both the optical scattered light measuring system, as well as the gas sensors are signal technically connected to a microcontroller system and / or a fire alarm panel.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating this fire detection device which is characterized by the formation of a sum signal from the measured variables detected in different scattering angles of the optical scattered light measuring system and the measured variables detected by the additionally arranged gas sensors and / or the gas sensor array.
  • the receiving elements of the scattered light measuring system are arranged in the forward and backward scattering direction and their signal processing designed such that for the particles contained in a defined sample volume characteristic parameters such as particle color, size and concentration by the simultaneous detection of in forward and rinsestreuwinkel Anlagene detected signals can be determined.
  • Simultaneous detection and processing of light rays scattered at different angles is particularly important through the receiver-microcontroller system. Only by the simultaneous detection and processing of the received scattered light signals from the different scattered light angles a precise description of the particle distribution in the sample volume at a certain time is possible because it is not a static quantity in the sample volume, but its parameters as a function of the flow velocity of Constantly change the suction device.
  • fire detectors of various types such as temperature or lonisationsrauchmelder can be arranged in the self-priming fire alarm device according to the invention and connected to the microcontroller system and / or the fire alarm panel signal technology.
  • these detectors and the gas sensors directly in the intake of the suction and their arrangement in a bypass to the intake pipe is possible.
  • fire detectors in the sample volume measured quantities in the signal processing of Fire alarm device included and based on the in a database stored values are weighted accordingly by evaluation algorithms.
  • the arrangement according to the invention of a highly sensitive optical scattered light measuring system for detecting smoke particles of a fire in combination with gas sensors and / or a gas sensor array in a fire detection device for the detection of combustion gases and / or fire-load specific gases has numerous advantages over the known prior art.
  • a highly sensitive optical scattered light measuring system for detecting smoke particles of a fire in combination with gas sensors and / or a gas sensor array in a fire detection device for the detection of combustion gases and / or fire-load specific gases has numerous advantages over the known prior art.
  • complete combustion products such as CO2 and H2O
  • soot particles and smoke aerosols The smoke particles of different size and distribution can be detected very accurately with the highly sensitive Streulichtmeßsystem.
  • the gas sensor not only allows the additional early detection of a fire formation characteristic but also the verification and weighting of the measurement results of the scattered light system by the measured variables of the gas sensors or the gas sensor array.
  • the additionally arranged gas sensors are, as is generally known, particularly well suited to reliably detect the combustion gases already produced at the beginning of a fire, such as CO.sub.2 H 2, CH.sub.4 and longer-chain saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds.
  • An alarm is, however, only then and in various presettable levels, when the signal evaluation of the optical scattered light measuring system reaches or exceeds certain thresholds and at the same time also detect the gas sensors or the fire gases.
  • gas sensors or the fire gases By using a plurality of different types of gas detecting sensors or a sensor array is a broadband gas analysis of the sucked air samples possible. Further improvement of gas detection is possible by knowing the type of fire or carbonization gases expected from the monitoring area.
  • the most limited overheating can lead to smoldering fires in which material-specific, gaseous products (pyrolysis gases) such as HCL are released in different concentrations.
  • pyrolysis gases material-specific, gaseous products
  • the gas sensors to be provided for use in the fire detection device can then be selected depending on the gases to be detected from a plurality of different measuring cells (gas sensors) and allow the metrological detection of very low gas concentrations in the ppb range.
  • gas sensors gas sensors
  • the databases thus obtained are for example implemented in the memory area of the microcontroller system and are available to the currently determined measured variables as comparison data.
  • the comparison and the weighting of the measured variables determined by the various fire alarms of the fire alarm device according to the invention therefore permit an early and reliable fire detection. False alarms due to disturbance or deception can be excluded as far as possible.
  • a central monitoring unit preferably a fire alarm panel
  • Fig. 1 shows the fire detection device 2 according to the invention, which is connected via the intake pipe 1 with the plant or space area, which is to be monitored for a possible fire formation.
  • a plurality of intake pipes with a plurality of intake openings, or the intake pipes can be designed as flexible hoses whose openings also suck in air from system areas which are difficult to access.
  • the air samples are continuously sucked by means of suction fan 3 with an adjustable constant flow rate and the measuring chamber (sample volume) of the fire detection device 2 fed.
  • the intake roughing network can be designed, for example, for lengths of up to 200 m.
  • Light source 4, receiver elements 6, 8 and the focusing optics 5, 7 are each separated from the sample volume of the aspirated flue gas by plexiglass shields (not shown).
  • plexiglass shields for applications with higher air velocities, such as exhaust air and air conditioning ducts, the so-called bypass technique can also be used.
  • air samples are constantly removed from the channel to be monitored via a pipe system and passed through the measuring chamber of the scattered light where also the gas sensors 9 can be arranged.
  • the high sensitivity smoke particle measuring system 16 (Fig. 2) is arranged at right angles to the air flow and shielded by said Plexiglas panes. It consists of a high-energy narrow-band light source, preferably a laser diode 4 with collimating optics for generating scattered light intensities of smoke particles in the Kollimationsbrenn Vietnamese, to an opposite radiation trap that absorbs the laser beam, and each of a collection and focusing optics 5.7, which the scattered light of the associated Plan solid angle segment on the respective receiving elements 6,8 (optical detectors).
  • the detection volume is to be kept as small as possible for accurate analysis and is essentially determined by the intersection of the focal points of the lens systems with the diameter of the laser beam in its collimation focal point.
  • the receiving elements 6, 8 and the collecting and focusing optics 5, 7 are arranged such that the scattered light beams from the solid angle segments are detected from the forward direction and the rearward direction.
  • the forward and backward scattered light then generates in the Receiver elements of the received scattered light intensity proportional electrical signal which in the connected microcontroller system 13 and / or a fire panel 15 is processed and stored.
  • the measured values obtained by this measurement principle are related to the smoke particle concentration, but also to particle properties such as shape color and size.
  • the high-energy light source eg laser diode
  • a pulsed driver circuit which increases the service life of the light source many times over.
  • the modulated light pulses are only triggered by the control electronics 13, if a new scattered light measurement is to take place.
  • one or more gas sensors 9 or a gas sensor array consisting of several gas sensors are arranged in the intake stream or a bypass and connected via signal lines to the microcontroller system 13 and / or the fire panel 15.
  • Various gas detectors or a gas sensor array can be used here and detect different fire gases that characterize an early fire development phase. These include, in particular, the early formation of gases, such as CO, H2, CH4, as well as longer-chain saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds, but also fire-load-specific gases (eg HCL), such as those arising from the thermal decomposition of PVC, can be achieved through the use of special gas sensors safely detect.
  • the logical processing and linking of the scattered light signals with the measured variables of the gas sensor allows the invention intilorente fire detection. According to the invention, it is also possible to use signal processing of the scattered light and the other detector signals and, depending on the analysis criteria used, one or more microprocessors as decentralized computing units.
  • the direction and intensity of the light scattered by a particle depend on its shape, color, and size as well as the wavelength of the light. If light wavelength, optical power and the scattering angles are known by appropriate arrangement of the receiving elements and the measured scattered light intensity is logically linked, conclusions can be drawn about the properties and distribution (concentration) of the smoke particles in the sample volume. Even more accurate statements are obtained by the scattered light intensity measurement of more than two scattering angles 17, 18, 19. According to the invention, the simultaneous measurement and evaluation of the light component 17 scattered in the forward direction with the light component 18 scattered in the backward direction brings about a statement that is well usable for determining the fire.
  • practical useful values for the scattering angle segments for the respective measuring channel in the forward direction have been found to be about 20 ° +/- 4 ° and in the backward direction 160 ° +/- 4 °.
  • Further scattered-light detectors are preferably arranged in the angle range between 5 ° and 45 ° which is affected by strong changes in intensity. Thereafter, one or more intensity measures from vector sums of the angle-dependent scattered light intensities can be determined and one or more particle property indices can be determined from the logarithmic ratios of the angle-dependent scattered light intensities.
  • the measured variables of an optional smoke sensor (ionization smoke detector or optical smoke detector) 25 and / or an optional temperature detector 26 can also be included in the evaluation.
  • the evaluation of the individual measured variables and the interdependence is carried out with the aid of algorithms and comparative analyzes, which use data from test fires in a database 28.
  • the further method then provides for the comparison of the sum signal obtained from method step 27 with pre-parameterized threshold values and leads, in the case of corresponding comparison results, to control and display associated alarm stages 29.
  • the optional individual display or individual control 30 of alarm levels of individual parameters can also be provided in comparison with the assigned individual threshold value. For example, CO alarm can be triggered when exceeding a maximum concentration irrelevant to other measures.
  • an optional single display or individual control of alarm levels can be provided.
  • the two highly sensitive measuring circuits 32 and 33 respectively process the stray signals supplied by the receiving elements 6, 8.
  • the laser diode as the light source is driven in a pulse-shaped manner by a laser driver circuit 34, the pulses being supplied by the microcontroller system 13.
  • the diode laser is operated only at the time of measurement, resulting in a multiplication of the laser life.
  • the gas sensor 35 and the optional temperature detector 37 are also connected via an A / D converter to the microcontroller system 13. Of particular importance are the sample and hold circuit 36, which allows the simultaneous detection of the scattered light measured values by the trigger pulses of the microcontroller system.
  • the microcontroller system 13 performs the analysis algorithms and evaluates gas and scattered light circuits, stores data and events, controls event-based displays and peripheral units, communicates with connectable peripherals 38, and compensates for environmentally induced aerosol background drift of the sensitive stray light circuits.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Système de détection d'incendie à aspiration automatique pour surveiller des installations et immeubles à risque d'incendie et/ou d'explosion, comprenant une ou une pluralité de conduites d'aspiration (1) pour aspirer de manière réglable l'air environnant de la ou des zones surveillées, un système de mesure optique (2, 16) très sensible destiné à mesurer la lumière diffusée avec une source de lumière (4) hautement énergétique et des éléments de réception (6, 8) pour la détection, les éléments de réception (6, 8) du système de mesure de la lumière diffusée étant reliés à un système à microcontrôleur (13) et/ou à une centrale de détection incendie (15) pour l'analyse et le stockage de données, et un ou une pluralité de capteurs de gaz (9) ou un ensemble de capteurs de gaz supplémentaires détectant au moins une sorte de gaz, caractérisé en ce que le système de mesure optique et le ou les capteurs de gaz ou l'ensemble de capteurs de gaz sont disposés dans le flux d'air d'une conduite d'aspiration commune ou dans une conduite de dérivation commune d'une conduite d'aspiration,
    au moins deux éléments de réception (6, 8) du système de mesure de la lumière diffusée (2) étant disposés de telle sorte par rapport au volume du flux échantillon provenant de la conduite d'aspiration (1) que le rayonnement optique diffusé par les particules de fumée est détecté simultanément dans une zone d'angle de diffusion vers l'avant et dans une zone d'angle de diffusion vers l'arrière au moyen d'un échantillonneur bloqueur (36) et les valeurs mesurées obtenues parallèlement dans le système à microcontrôleur (13) ou dans une centrale de détection incendie (15) étant aptes à être traitées de manière à obtenir une grandeur mesurée caractérisant les aérosols dans le volume mesuré,
    et la sélection des niveaux d'alarme à déclencher se faisant en fonction de la ou des grandeurs mesurées et en fonction des données sur place dans la zone de surveillance ou de l'usage spécifique que l'on veut en faire.
  2. Système de détection d'incendie selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le ou les capteurs de gaz (9) sont conformés en forme de capteur de gaz électrochimique, de capteur de gaz de type semi-conducteur, de spectromètre de mobilité ionique ou de capteur pellistor pour détecter les gaz d'incendie tels que le CO, l'H2, le CH4 ainsi que l'hydrocarbure et les composés du soufre saturés et insaturés à chaínes plus longues ou des gaz spécifiques de la charge calorifique tel le HCl, ces capteurs comportant, pour différentes sortes de gaz et/ou pour les mêmes, des plages de mesure différentes.
  3. Système de détection d'incendie selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que sont disposés d'autres détecteurs d'incendie (11, 12) fonctionnant suivant des principes de mesure différents, tels que par exemple des détecteurs de fumée à ionisation (12) ou des détecteurs de fumée optiques (ayant de préférence d'autres longueurs d'onde, d'autres plages de sensibilité ou d'autres principes de mesure que le système de mesure de la lumière diffusée sensible) (12) et/ou des détecteurs de température (11) qui sont également reliés en matière de signaux au système à microcontrôleur (13) et/ou à la centrale de détection incendie (15) pour évaluer les signaux mesurés dans le volume échantillon.
  4. Procédé de mise en oeuvre d'un système de détection d'incendie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les différents signaux de lumière diffusée générés aux récepteurs de la lumière diffusée (17, 18, 19) du système de mesure de la lumière diffusée (16) sont transmis au système à microcontrôleur (13) et que les valeurs mesurées fournies par le ou la pluralité de capteurs de gaz (9) ou par l'ensemble de capteurs de gaz supplémentaires et également transmises au microcontrôleur (13) sont simultanément traitées en commun et converties en un signal composé (27) et que l'on compare ensuite le signal composé ainsi créé avec des valeurs seuils (29) stockées préparamétrées, la décision de déclencher des signaux d'alarme ou/et des niveaux d'alarme étant prise en se basant sur les résultats de la comparaison.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les grandeurs mesurées et générées par les détecteurs d'incendie (11, 12) supplémentaires tels que le détecteur de fumée à ionisation (12) et/ou le détecteur de température (11) sont prises en compte dans l'évaluation du signal composé (27).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'évaluation des grandeurs mesurées des différents détecteurs est combinée pour former une analyse du déroulement de l'incendie et que les résultats de cette analyse sont affichés, p.ex. sur (15, 38).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la sélection des niveaux d'alarme à déclencher se fait en fonction de la ou des grandeurs mesurées par les différents détecteurs d'incendie (11, 12, 24, 25, 26), du signal combiné du système de mesure de la lumière diffusée (13) et du signal combiné total (27) et que cette sélection est adaptée pour être réglée en fonction des données sur place dans la zone de surveillance ou de l'usage spécifique que l'on veut en faire.
EP02737792A 2001-05-23 2002-04-15 Systeme de detection d'incendie a auto-aspiration Expired - Lifetime EP1389331B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10124280A DE10124280A1 (de) 2001-05-23 2001-05-23 Selbstansaugende Brandmeldeeinrichtung
DE10124280 2001-05-23
PCT/DE2002/001385 WO2002095705A1 (fr) 2001-05-23 2002-04-15 Systeme de detection d'incendie a auto-aspiration

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1389331A1 EP1389331A1 (fr) 2004-02-18
EP1389331B1 true EP1389331B1 (fr) 2005-03-30

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EP02737792A Expired - Lifetime EP1389331B1 (fr) 2001-05-23 2002-04-15 Systeme de detection d'incendie a auto-aspiration

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1389331B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1462418A (fr)
AT (1) ATE292316T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10124280A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2239232T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002095705A1 (fr)

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WO2014059959A1 (fr) 2012-10-15 2014-04-24 Telesystems Thorwarth Gmbh Système de surveillance et de détection précoce d'incendie pour plusieurs récipients et/ou boîtiers à risque d'incendie et/ou d'explosion
EP2839448B1 (fr) 2012-09-07 2015-07-22 Amrona AG Dispositif et procédé de détection de signaux de lumière diffusée
US20220050039A1 (en) * 2020-08-17 2022-02-17 Carrier Corporation Photoelectric smoke sensor tube

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CN103956023A (zh) * 2014-05-22 2014-07-30 深圳市康凯斯信息技术有限公司 基于蓝牙的家庭安防系统
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EP3584774B1 (fr) * 2018-06-19 2025-03-05 Wagner Group GmbH Détecteur de lumière diffusée et système de détection d'incendie au niveau d'aspiration pourvu d'un détecteur de lumière diffusée
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GB2259763B (en) * 1991-09-20 1995-05-31 Hochiki Co Fire alarm system
US5726633A (en) * 1995-09-29 1998-03-10 Pittway Corporation Apparatus and method for discrimination of fire types
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WO2014059959A1 (fr) 2012-10-15 2014-04-24 Telesystems Thorwarth Gmbh Système de surveillance et de détection précoce d'incendie pour plusieurs récipients et/ou boîtiers à risque d'incendie et/ou d'explosion
DE102012020127A1 (de) 2012-10-15 2014-04-30 Telesystems Thorwarth Gmbh Anordnung zur Überwachung und Brandfrühsterkennung für mehrere brand- und/oder explosionsgefährdete Gefäße und/oder Gehäuse
US20220050039A1 (en) * 2020-08-17 2022-02-17 Carrier Corporation Photoelectric smoke sensor tube
CN114078307A (zh) * 2020-08-17 2022-02-22 开利公司 光电烟雾传感器管
US11506586B2 (en) * 2020-08-17 2022-11-22 Carrier Corporation Photoelectric smoke sensor tube
EP3958230B1 (fr) * 2020-08-17 2024-06-19 Carrier Corporation Tube de capteur de fumée photoélectrique
CN114078307B (zh) * 2020-08-17 2025-08-29 开利公司 光电烟雾传感器管

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DE10124280A1 (de) 2002-12-12
ES2239232T3 (es) 2005-09-16
CN1462418A (zh) 2003-12-17
EP1389331A1 (fr) 2004-02-18
DE50202632D1 (de) 2005-05-04
ATE292316T1 (de) 2005-04-15
WO2002095705B1 (fr) 2003-03-20
WO2002095705A1 (fr) 2002-11-28

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