EP1370821B1 - Penetration inhibiting material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention pertains to a penetration-resistant material comprising at least a double layer of woven fabric, characterized in that the double layer comprises a first layer of fabric composed of a first set of threads comprising 3.5 to 20 threads/cm, having a linear density of at least 210 dtex, and comprising at least 65% of the fabric weight, and a second set of threads comprising 0.5 to 16 threads/cm and having a linear density of at least 50 dtex, with the second set of threads being transverse to the first set of threads, and the ratio of the number of threads/cm of the first set to that of the second set is > 1, and a second layer of fabric composed of a first set of threads comprising 0.5 to 16 threads/cm and having a linear density of at least 50 dtex, and a second set of threads comprising 3.5 to 20 threads/cm, having a linear density of at least 210 dtex, and comprising at least 65% of the fabric weight, with the second set of threads being transverse to the first set of threads, and the ratio of the number of threads/cm of the second set to that of the first set is > 1, and wherein the first and second sets of threads of the first layer have a parallel orientation towards the first and second sets, respectively, of threads of the second layer.

Description

The present invention relates to a penetration-resistant material.

EP-A-1 241 432 (Priority document of this application) describes a penetration-resistant material comprising at least one double layer of fabrics, characterized in that the double layer comprises a first and a second fabric layer, the first fabric layer having a first thread set comprising at least 65% of the fabric weight comprising a thread density of 3.5 to 20 threads / cm and a thread denier of at least 210 dtex and a second thread set comprising a thread density of 0.5 to 16 threads / cm and a thread denier of at least 50 dtex, wherein the second set of threads to the first set of threads extends transversely and the ratio of the thread density of the first set of threads to the thread density of the second set of threads> 1, wherein the second layer of fabric comprises a first set of threads comprising a thread density of 0.5 to 16 threads / cm and a thread denier of at least 50 dtex and a second at least 65% of the fabric weight comprehensive thread set comprising a thread density vo n is 3.5 to 20 threads / cm and a thread denier of at least 210 dtex, the second set of threads extending transversely to the first set of threads and the ratio of the thread density of the second set of threads to the thread density of the first set of threads> 1, and wherein the first and second sets of threads the first fabric layer runs parallel to the first or second thread set of the second fabric layer.

The WO-0042246A forms a basis for claim 1.

EP-B 0 397 696 describes a composite material with resistance to impact, so a penetration-resistant material. The material consists of one or more layers, wherein at least one of the mentioned layers contains a network of filaments in a matrix. The filaments have an equivalent filament diameter. By this is meant the diameter of a circle having the same cross-sectional area as the average cross-sectional area of the filaments in the layer. The filaments form a thread that can be shaped as a fabric. EP-B 0 397 696 teaches that for the penetration-inhibiting effect on the ratio of layer thickness D to equivalent filament diameter F arrives. According to this teaching, the best penetration-inhibiting effect results in terms of the v ₅₀ value when said ratio is close to one. The larger values this ratio assumes, the worse it becomes EP-B 0 397 696 the penetration-inhibiting effect of the material. With a D / F ratio of 12.8, the penetration-inhibiting effect has already decreased so much that EP-B 0 397 696 even larger values of the relationship shy away.

In view of the existing need for further materials with good penetration-inhibiting properties, the present invention has the object of providing a further penetration-inhibiting material.

This object is achieved by a penetration-resistant material comprising at least one layer of thickness D, wherein the layer comprises a first and a second fabric layer, wherein the first and second fabric layers are bonded to a binder, wherein the first fabric layer is at least 65% of the fabric weight forming a first thread set comprising a thread density of 3.5 to 20 threads / cm, a thread denier of at least 210 dtex and the filaments forming filaments having a filament diameter F ₁ and a second thread set comprising a thread density of 0.5 to 16 threads / cm and a Thread denier of at least 50 dtex, wherein the second set of threads to the first set of threads at an angle of> 0 ° to 90 ° and the ratio of the thread density of the first set of threads to the thread density of the second set of threads> 1, wherein the second fabric layer a first set of threads comprising a thread density of 0.5 to 16 threads / cm and a thread denier of at least 50 dtex and a second thread set comprising at least 65% of the fabric weight comprising a thread density of 3.5 to 20 threads / cm, a thread denier of at least 210 dtex and the filaments forming filaments having a filament diameter F ₂ , wherein the second set of threads to the first set of threads at an angle of> 0 ° to 90 ° and the ratio of the thread density of the second set of threads to the thread density of the first set of threads> 1, and wherein the first and second sets of threads of the first fabric layer parallel to the first and second sets of threads of the second fabric layer, and wherein the ratio of D / F ₁ and D / F _{2 is} 14.5 to 40.

The term filament diameter means the average diameter of the filaments over their length. If the filament cross-sections are not circular, F ₁ and F _{2 are} respectively the diameters of circles having the same cross-sectional area as the average cross-sectional area of the filaments over their length.

If one follows the doctrine of EP-B 0 397 696 , At a D / F ratio> 12.8, the penetration-inhibiting effect of the material becomes unattractive bad. In the light of the teaching of EP-B 0 397 696 would expect a person skilled in the above-mentioned task, that the already slightly above D / F = 12.8 bad v ₅₀ values with a further increase in the D / F ratio even worse. The expert would therefore by no means expect that values of the D / F ratio significantly above 12.8 would result in attractive v ₅₀ values at all. And it would be completely beyond the imagination of those skilled in the art if, in the range of the D / F ratio well above 12.8, the v ₅₀ values even increase with increasing D / F ratio. However, exactly this behavior of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention was found, as the examples of the present invention show.

The thickness of the layer is measured according to DIN EN ISO 5084 at a load of 0.1 N / cm ² .

In a preferred embodiment of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention, D / F ₁ and D / F _{2 are} 16 to 36.

In further preferred embodiments of the penetration-resistant material of the invention, D / F ₁ = D / F ₂ .

In further preferred embodiments of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention, the ratio of the thread denier of the first set of threads to the denier of the second set of threads of the first fabric layer and the thread denier of the second set of threads to the denier of the first set of threads of the second fabric layer is> 1, more preferably> 4.2 and more particularly preferably> 5.9.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention at least one of the second thread sets of the first fabric layer and the first thread sets of the second fabric layer comprises 0.5 to 8 threads / cm.

The binder used in the penetration-inhibiting material according to the invention is preferably one selected from the group of thermoplastics, elastomers or thermosets or a mixture of at least two of these groups, wherein as thermoplastics polyolefins such as polyethylene such as LDPE, polypropylene, polyamide, polyester or mixtures of these polymers or thermoplastic Elastomers are particularly preferred as elastomers rubber, silicone and the like and as thermosets epoxy, polyester, phenolic and vinyl ester resins. However, two or more of the above-mentioned polymers as well as their mixtures may serve as binders in the penetration-resistant material according to the invention.

The binder may consist of the same polymer or polymer mixture in all layers of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention. But it is also possible that the binder in different layers of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention consists of various polymers or polymer mixtures of the aforementioned type.

In further preferred embodiments of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention, the first set of threads of the first layer of fabric and the second set of threads of the second layer of fabric consists of high strength and preferably high modulus yarns selected from one of the aramid, polyethylenes or poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole groups among the aramids, the p-aramids are particularly preferred, in particular polyparaphenylene terephthalamide.

In principle, the second set of threads of the first fabric layer and the first set of threads of the second fabric layer of any thread material with usually lower strength than the first set of threads of the first fabric layer and the second set of threads of the second fabric layer, such as cotton, viscose, flax , Hemp, polyacrylic or similar. Preferably, the second set of threads of the first fabric layer and the first set of threads of the second fabric layer are selected from yarns of one of the groups of polyesters, polyethylenes, polypropylenes or aramids. Preferably, the planar yarns have high strength and high modulus.

In further preferred embodiments of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention, the first set of threads of the first fabric layer and the second set of threads of the second fabric layer consists of aramid threads and the second set of threads of the first fabric layer and the first set of threads of the second fabric layer of polyester threads.

In further preferred embodiments of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention, the yarn denier of the first yarn set of the first fabric layer and the second yarn set of the second fabric layer is 210 to 6720 dtex, preferably 420 to 3360 dtex, 420 to 1680 dtex and in particular 550 to 1100 dtex. A yarn denier of 840 dtex has proven itself for this purpose.

In further preferred embodiments of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention, the yarn denier of the second yarn set of the first fabric layer and the first yarn set of the second fabric layer is 50 to 280 dtex, particularly preferably 80 to 210 dtex. A thread denier for the second thread set of the first fabric layer and the first thread set of the second fabric layer of 140 dtex has proven to be favorable.

In further preferred embodiments of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention, the first thread set of the first fabric layer and the first thread set of the second fabric layer are warp threads and the second thread set of the first fabric layer and the second thread set of the second fabric layer are weft threads.

In a preferred embodiment of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention, at least one of the outer sides of the material is provided with a protective layer, e.g. consists of a thermoplastic, thermoset or elastomer or of a mixture of the aforementioned polymers. The layer is applied to protect the outside (s) of the material from excessive abrasion and to improve the ballistic effect.

As already mentioned, the penetration-resistant material according to the invention consists of at least one layer of the type described above. The number of layers required for a particular ballistic protective action can be readily ascertained by the skilled person, for example by bombardment tests and determination of the v ₅₀ value of the material.

The preparation of the penetration-resistant material according to the invention may e.g. be carried out by first selecting one of the already described first and second fabric layers and one of said binders, wherein the binder is preferably used in the form of a film. Then, according to the specific purpose of the penetration-resistant material, the first and second layers of fabric and the binder film are stacked in a certain sequence. For example, layers are formed and pressed in the sequence binder film / first fabric layer / binder film / second fabric layer / binder film for the softballistic. For hard ballistics, e.g. Layers in the sequence binder film / first fabric layer / binder film / second fabric layer formed, according to the intended ballistic protective effect, a certain number of said layers are superimposed and pressed into plates. Also in the production of the layers for soft ballistics several superimposed layers of the type mentioned above can be pressed simultaneously, if it is ensured by suitable means such as by release papers that these layers can be separated again after the compression. The binder films which point outwards during the formation of the layers generally form a protective layer for the underlying fabric layer after being pressed. For example, a static press is suitable for pressing. The pressing in the static press is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of 80 to 220 ° C, a pressure of 5 to 100 bar and for a time of 15 to 150 seconds per layer. Thereafter, the heating of the press is turned off.

To determine the layer thickness in a material in which several layers were pressed together (hard ballistics), the total thickness is first measured and the determined value is divided by the number of layers, whereby the thickness D of a layer is determined in the penetration-resistant material according to the invention. Finally, with the already defined equivalent filament diameter F, the ratio D / F is determined.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.

Example 1: Softballistics

A penetration resistant material a) (see line a of Table 1) is prepared as follows:

As the first fabric layer, a fabric is used which consists of poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide warp threads (Twaron ^® from Teijin Twaron) (with those in row a) of Table 1, values for linear density, thread count, and filament diameter F and of polyester weft threads trade name TREVIRA ^® from Hoechst) with a yarn titer of 140 dtex and a yarn density of 2 threads / cm.

As a second fabric layer, a fabric is used which consists of poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide weft threads (Twaron ^® from Teijin Twaron) (with those in row a) of Table 1, values for linear density, thread count, and filament diameter F and of polyester warp threads trade name TREVIRA ^® from Hoechst) with a filament titer of 140 dtex and a thread density of 4 threads / cm.

The binder used is an LDPE film available under the name LDPE flat film, transparent, 10 μm from EKB Kunststoffe.

23 layers (sequence in each layer: binder film / first fabric layer / binder film / second layer of fabric / binder film) are each superimposed separately by release paper and placed in a press at a temperature of 120 ° C, a pressure of 25 bar for 25 minutes pressed. Thereafter, the heating of the press is turned off. Subsequently, the layers are separated from each other, the release paper is removed and the 23 layers are superimposed again and combined into a package. The thickness of each layer of the resulting package (designated a in Table 1) is measured according to DIN EN ISO 5084 at a load of 0.1 N / cm ² . Finally, with the already defined filament diameter F, the ratio D / F is determined (see row a) of Table 1). In addition, Table 1 gives the basis weight of the package.

The antiballistic protective effect of the package a) is characterized by determining the v ₅₀ value according to the technical guideline "Protective vests of the German police" with a caliber of 9 x 19 of the bullet type DM41 from DAG. The results are summarized in line a) of Table 1.

Further, the materials b) and c) were prepared in the same manner as the material a), except that polyparaphenylene terephthalamide wefts having the values of filament denier, filament density and filament diameter shown in lines b) and c) of Table 1, respectively were used. <u> Table 1: </ u> material Basis weight [g / m ² ] Thread titer [dtex] Thread density [cm ^-1 ] v ₅₀ [m / s] D [mm] F [mm] D / F a) 5050 840 9.5 507 0.27 0.0087 31.0 b) 5060 930 9.5 483 0.28 0.0092 30.4 c) 5040 1680 5.5 462 0.35 0,012 29.2

Table 1 shows that materials with good v ₅₀ values are obtained, although D / F is well above 12.8. Furthermore, it can be seen that with practically constant surface weight of the materials a) -c), the v ₅₀ values even increase with increasing D / F ratio.

Example 2: hard ballistics

A penetration-resistant material d) (see Table 2) is prepared as follows:

As the first fabric layer, a fabric is used which consists of poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide warp threads (Twaron ^® from Teijin Twaron) having the conditions shown in Table 2, values for linear density, thread count, and filament diameter F and of polyester weft threads (trade name TREVIRA ^® from Hoechst) with a Thread denier of 140 dtex and a thread density of 2 threads / cm used.

As the second fabric layer, a fabric is used which consists of Polyparaphenylenterephthalamid wefts (Twaron ^® Teijin Twaron) with the values given in Table 2 for denier, thread density and filament diameter F and polyester warp yarns (trade name TREVIRA ^® Hoechst) with a Thread denier of 140 dtex and a thread density of 4 threads / cm used.

The binder used is a binder film available under the name LDPE No. 251-50 from Caplast Kunststoffverarbeitungs GmbH, which is applied as a one-sided coating to each fabric layer.

28 layers (sequence in each layer: binder coating / first fabric layer / binder coating / second fabric layer) are superimposed and pressed in a static press at a temperature of 120 ° C, a pressure of 30 bar and a time of 40 minutes. Thereafter, the heating of the Press off. The thickness of the resulting plate d) is measured according to DIN EN ISO 5084 at a load of 0.1 N / cm ² and the measured value divided by the number of layers, whereby the thickness D of a layer of the plate d) is obtained (s. Table 2). Finally, with the already defined filament diameter F, the ratio D / F is determined (see Table 2). In addition, in Table 2, the basis weight, the plate d) is given.

The antiballistic protective effect of plate d) is characterized by determination of the v ₅₀ value according to EN 1063 class B3, Klaiber .357, Magnum full-sheath cone pointed (Geco), bullet type VMKS by Dynamit Nobel. The results are summarized in Table 2. <u> Table 2: </ u> Plate. Grammage. [g / m ² ] Thread titer [dtex] Thread density. [cm ^-1 ] v ₅₀ [m / s] D [mm] F [mm] D / F d) 6900 930 9.5 496 0.19 0.0092 20.6

Table 2 shows that a good v ₅₀ material is obtained, although D / F is well above 12.8.

Claims (15)

1. Penetration-resistant material comprising at least one layer having a thickness D, the layer comprising a first and second layer of woven fabric, with the first and second layers being bonded together with an adhesive material, the first layer of fabric composed of a first set of threads comprising 3.5 to 20 threads/cm, having a linear density of at least 210 dtex, the filaments forming the threads having a diameter F₁, and comprising at least 65% of the fabric weight, and a second set of threads comprising 0.5 to 16 threads/cm and having a linear density of at least 50 dtex, with the second set of threads being at an angle of > 0° to 90° with respect to the first set of threads, and the ratio of the number of threads/cm of the first set to that of the second set being > 1, and the second layer of fabric being composed of a first set of threads comprising 0.5 to 16 threads/cm and having a linear density of at least 50 dtex, and a second set of threads comprising 3.5 to 20 threads/cm, having a linear density of at least 210 dtex, and comprising at least 65% of the fabric weight, the filaments forming the threads having a diameter F₂, with the second set of threads being at an angle of > 0° to 90° with respect to the first set of threads, and the ratio of the number of threads/cm of the second set to that of the first set being > 1, and the first and second sets of threads of the first fabric layer being oriented parallel to the first and second sets of threads, respectively, of the second fabric layer, characterized in that the ratio D/F₁ and D/F₂ being 14.5 to 40.
2. Penetration-resistant material according to Claim 1, characterized in that D/F₁ and D/F₂ are 16 to 36.
3. Penetration-resistant material according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that D/F₁ = D/F₂.
4. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ratio of the linear density of the first set of threads to the linear density of the second set of threads of the first layer of fabric and of the linear density of the second set of threads to the linear density of the first set of threads of the second layer of fabric is > 1.
5. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ratio of the linear density of the first set of threads to the linear density of the second set of threads of the first layer of fabric and of the linear density of the second set of threads to the linear density of the first set of threads of the second layer of fabric is > 4.2.
6. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ratio of the linear density of the first set of threads to the linear density of the second set of threads of the first layer of fabric and of the linear density of the second set of threads to the linear density of the first set of threads of the second layer of fabric is > 5.9.
7. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the second sets of threads of the first layer of fabric and the first sets of threads of the second layer of fabric comprises 0.5 to 8 threads/cm.
8. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the adhesive material is selected from one of the groups of thermoplastic, elastomeric, or thermoset materials, or a mixture of at least two of these groups.
9. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first set of threads of the first layer of fabric and the second set of threads of the second layer of fabric consist of high tenacity yarns selected from one of the groups of aramids, polyethylenes or poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazoles.
10. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the second set of threads of the first layer of fabric and the first set of threads of the second layer of fabric are selected from yarns from one of the groups of polyesters, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, or aramids.
11. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the first set of threads of the first layer of fabric and the second set of threads of the second layer of fabric consist of aramid threads, and the second set of threads of the first layer of fabric and the first set of threads of the second layer of fabric consist of polyester threads.
12. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the linear density of the first set of threads of the first layer of fabric and the second set of threads of the second layer of fabric is 210 to 6720 dtex.
13. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the linear density of the second set of threads of the first layer of fabric and the first set of threads of the second layer of fabric is 50 to 280 dtex.
14. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the first set of threads of the first layer of fabric and the first set of threads of the second layer of fabric are warp threads and the second set of threads of the first layer of fabric and the second set of threads of the second layer of fabric are weft threads.
15. Penetration-resistant material according to one or more of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at least one of the outer sides of the material is provided with a protective layer.