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EP1217205B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Leistungsversorgung eines elektrischen Motors für einen Kraftfahrzeuganlasser - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Leistungsversorgung eines elektrischen Motors für einen Kraftfahrzeuganlasser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1217205B1
EP1217205B1 EP20010403259 EP01403259A EP1217205B1 EP 1217205 B1 EP1217205 B1 EP 1217205B1 EP 20010403259 EP20010403259 EP 20010403259 EP 01403259 A EP01403259 A EP 01403259A EP 1217205 B1 EP1217205 B1 EP 1217205B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric motor
motor
pinion
supply
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20010403259
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1217205A1 (de
Inventor
Dominique Sebille
Gérard Vilou
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Publication of EP1217205A1 publication Critical patent/EP1217205A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
    • F02N2200/041—Starter speed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and devices for controlling the supply of motor vehicle starters.
  • a motor vehicle starter conventionally comprises an electric motor M whose output shaft carries a movable pinion 10 which is intended to cooperate with the gear of a starting ring of the engine of the engine. vehicle (not shown).
  • the pinion 10 is slidably mounted on the motor shaft between a rest position in which it is disengaged from the starter ring and an active position in which it meshes with it.
  • a contactor 12 which comprises a winding 12a and a plunger 12b axially movable relative to the electric motor M when the winding 12a is activated, provides control of the supply of the electric motor M by moving a movable contact 14 of an open position towards a closed position, being pushed by the plunger core 12b.
  • the contactor 12 also controls the displacement of the movable pinion 10. Its plunger core 12b is for this purpose connected to the pinion 10 by mechanical means designated by the general reference numeral 16.
  • These mechanical means comprise a fork cooperating, at its upper end, with the plunger core 12b and, at its lower end, with a launcher to which the pinion 10 belongs.
  • This launcher comprises a freewheel interposed axially between a hub and the pinion 10.
  • the hub is internally provided with helical grooves in engagement with complementary external helical gears borne locally by the output shaft of the electric motor M.
  • the fork is pivotally mounted between its two ends on a housing internally containing the mechanical means 16 and carrying the motor M and the switch 12.
  • the launcher with its pinion 10, is driven by a helical movement when it is moved by the fork to engage with the starter ring.
  • the mechanical means 16 also comprise a return spring Rr mounted around the core 12b to return the latter in the rest position, a cutoff spring Rc associated with the movable contact 12b to return the latter in the open position and a spring Rd said spring “teeth against teeth", of greater stiffness than that of the return spring Rr.
  • This spring teeth against teeth is housed inside the core 12b and is engaged with a first rod 20 connected by an axis to the upper end of the fork for hitching it to the core 12b.
  • This rod mounted inside a blind hole of the core 12b is intended, after a determined stroke, to come into engagement with a second rod 22 integral with the movable contact 14 and slidably mounted inside the fixed core 18.
  • the contactor 12 In the closed position, the contactor 12 cooperates with a fixed contact made in the form of pads P respectively connected to the positive terminal of the battery and the electric motor M, thus allowing the power supply thereof.
  • the contactor 12 firstly causes the moving pinion to move to the start ring and then, at the end of travel of the mobile core 12b, the power supply of the electric motor M.
  • the movable pinion 10 is located near a limit stop B.
  • the pinion 10 immobilized in rotation by the resisting torque exerted by the ring gear. drive of the heat engine, is propelled by the helical grooves connecting the freewheel and the output shaft to abut against a stop B.
  • the pinion is then secured to the shaft and drives the heat engine in rotation.
  • the output shaft of the motor M acquires a high rotational speed while the drive ring of the engine remains stationary.
  • Another solution is to limit the power supply of the electric motor of the starter as the pinion is not in the active position and to implement a power supply phase of this engine with increased power as soon as the pinion is in position active.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to overcome these disadvantages in a simple and economical way.
  • motor vehicle having a movable pinion between a rest position and an active position in which it cooperates with the gear of a starting ring of the engine of the vehicle, according to which during the movement of the pinion from its rest position up to its active position, a first phase of supplying the electric motor with electrical energy with a reduced power is applied and, when the pinion is in the active position, a second phase is implemented.
  • power supply of the electric motor with increased power essentially characterized in that at least during the first power supply phase of the electric motor, the power supply of the electric motor is controlled according to its speed of rotation.
  • the speed of the engine which remains dependent on a set of non-controllable parameters, such as temperature, wear of the parts, the viscosity of the lubricants used, ... remains controlled.
  • the subject of the invention is also a device for controlling the power supply of an electric motor of a motor vehicle starter, comprising switching means connected to the battery for supplying the vehicle, means for detecting the position a movable pinion for driving a starter ring of the engine of the vehicle and a control unit able to control the power supply of the electric motor in a first phase of supplying the motor with electrical energy with a power reduced to during which the starter gear is moved from a rest position to an active position in which it cooperates with the drive ring and a second phase of supply of the electric motor with electrical energy with increased power when the pinion is located in its active position, essentially characterized in that it comprises means for measuring the speed of rotation of the motor of the demo arreur associated with the control unit for controlling the power supply of the electric motor according to the speed of rotation of the latter, at least during the first power phase.
  • the device essentially comprises an inverter 24 consisting of a set of switching cells 26-1, 26-2, ..., 26-n mounted in bridge controlled at the opening and closing by a control unit 30 for supplying each of the coils 32-1, 32-2, ..., 32-n of the electric motor 34 of the starter.
  • control unit 30 is provided with respective outputs connected to the gate of each of the switching cells of the inverter 24 and supplies the latter with a rectangular-shaped signal whose frequency is modulated according to the speed of rotation of the electric motor 34.
  • the drain of the switching cells 26-1, 26-2 ..., 26-n of one of the branches of the inverter 24 is connected to the positive terminal B + of the vehicle power supply battery.
  • the source of these switching cells being connected to a respective coil of the motor.
  • the engine supply device 34 is provided with a device 36 for measuring the speed of rotation and the angular position of the motor armature 34, supplying the control unit 30 with measurement signals. corresponding, and an electromagnet 38 driving the displacement of the pinion equipping the motor shaft of the electric motor 34 of a rest position, in which it is disengaged from the drive ring of the engine of the vehicle, to a active position in which it meshes with it to rotate the engine.
  • a control line provided with a key switch K is connected to an input e of the control unit 30 of a side and to the positive terminal B + of the vehicle power supply battery, on the other hand.
  • the measuring member 36 may be constituted by any type of sensor suitable for supplying the control unit 30 with a signal for measuring the rotational speed of the motor and a signal for measuring the angular position of the motor. induced, for example an inductive type sensor, Hall effect, capacitive type, piezoelectric, ...
  • the starter With reference to FIG. 3, in which is schematically represented its main constituent elements, it is provided with the electric motor 34 to which is connected a power electronics module 37 incorporating the components of the circuit shown in FIG. 2, namely the inverter circuit as well as the control unit 30.
  • the motor shaft of the electric motor is provided with a pinion 39 provided with an axially displaceable freewheel, as mentioned above, between a rest position, in which the pinion is disengaged from a driving ring of the heat engine of the vehicle, and an active position, in which it meshes with it, under the control of the electromagnet 38, by means of mechanical means 40, essentially constituted by a fork mounted oscillatingly and cooperating, by one of its ends with a plunger disposed in the electromagnet 38 and whose other end ensures the axial displacement of the movable pinion 39.
  • the starter which has just been described is completed by a detector (not shown) disposed at the end of travel of the pinion 39 and able to detect the positioning of the latter in the active position, this detector being connected to the control unit to control the power supply of the electric motor of the starter.
  • control unit 30 drives the switching cells of the inverter 24 so as to cause the power supply of the electric motor 34 in a first power supply phase at reduced power, implemented when the pinion is moved. from its rest position to its active position, and according to a second power supply phase with increased power, implemented when the pinion is in the active position.
  • control unit 30 causes the electromagnet 38 to be powered so as to cause the pinion 39 to move from its position rest to its active position.
  • the control unit 30 implements the first supply phase of the low power electric motor 34 by driving the gate of each of the switching cells, in a manner known per se, for example by pulse width modulation, so as to drive the electric motor with a reduced speed, for example between 1 and 500 revolutions per minute.
  • control unit 30 incorporates delay means so as to launch this first supply phase after the expiry of a predetermined period of time, for example less than or equal to about one second, so to avoid a voltage drop of the battery due to the start of the electric motor while the electromagnet 38 is still a large air gap and that, therefore, the attraction forces developed may be insufficient to defeat the resistant efforts of the core mobile due to friction or the presence of return springs. We can then reduce the dimensioning of the electromagnet 38.
  • a predetermined period of time for example less than or equal to about one second
  • control unit 30 receives, on one of its inputs, a signal for measuring the speed of rotation of the motor and modulates the frequency of the control signals applied to the gate switching cells so as to maintain the rotational speed at the predetermined low value.
  • control unit 30 causes the implementation of the second power phase, at increased power, so as to allow the start of the engine of the vehicle.
  • This second phase is implemented as soon as the pinion 38 reaches the limit stop, detected, as mentioned previously by means of a suitable detector, or at the expiration of a time delay after the pinion has reached this stop. , for example between 2 and 200 milliseconds, so as to allow meshing sprocket teeth 39 with those of the drive ring of the motor.
  • This delay can however be modulated according to different operating parameters, such as the temperature, the supply voltage of the electromagnet, etc.
  • the means for detecting the positioning of the pinion in the active position can be replaced by an appropriate algorithm for analyzing the current absorbed by the electric motor, incorporated in the control unit 30, capable of detecting a abrupt rise of the current generated to overcome the resistive torque of the engine when the pinion meshes with the driving ring.
  • this second power phase at full power can also be implemented after the armature of the electric motor has traveled a distance predetermined angle, which distance corresponds to an angular distance from which, in the worst case, the pinion has reached the stop.
  • the motor 34 is constituted by an AC motor.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 A further embodiment of a feed device according to the invention suitable for feeding a DC motor will now be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the supply device essentially comprises a control unit 41 receiving, as input, signals e1 and e2 representative of the rotational speed of the electric motor M of the starter, and, on an input e3, an control signal delivered after action on a switch K by means of a ignition key.
  • the control unit 41 is connected, at the output, to an electromagnet 42 whose function is to control the axial displacement of the starter gear from its rest position to its active position, as well as a transistor 44 operating in switch, placed in series between the motor M, with the interposition of an inductor 46, and the positive terminal B + supply of the battery of the motor vehicle.
  • a sensor 48 for measuring the speed of rotation of the motor shaft M and measuring the angular position of the armature thereof constituted for example by a coded wheel 50 connected to the motor shaft and by a corresponding detector 52, supplied via a shaping circuit 54 and a frequency / voltage converter 56, a voltage Um representative of the speed and the angular position of the motor shaft.
  • a first comparator 58 makes a comparison between the voltage Um and a first reference voltage Uref1 representative of a minimum value of the speed of rotation of the motor during the first motor supply phase and provides corresponding information on the input e1 of the control unit 41.
  • a second comparator 60 makes a comparison between this voltage Um and a second reference voltage Uref2 representative of a maximum value of the speed of rotation of the motor M during this first power supply phase.
  • the control unit 41 drives the transistor 44 according to the speed of rotation of the motor M, that is to say that it turns on the transistor 44 when the voltage Um is between e1 and e2, and blocks if the voltage Um is greater than the second threshold value Uref2.
  • the rotation speed N of the engine is perfectly controlled and oscillates, during the first supply phase I, between two extreme values N1 and N2 which each correspond to a threshold value of voltage.
  • control unit controls the electromagnet 42 so as to move the starter movable gear.
  • the second power supply phase II of the motor M after expiration of a predetermined period of time after positioning the pinion in its active configuration, this positioning being detectable by means of a suitable sensor or deduced from the angular displacement of the motor armature.
  • control unit 41 causes the motor M to be powered during the first supply phase, after the expiry of a time delay, so as to avoid any battery voltage drop due to the start of the motor M while the electromagnet 42 is still large air gap.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Verfahren zur Steuerung der Stromversorgung eines Elektromotors (34) eines Kraftfahrzeuganlassers mit einem Ritzel (39), das zwischen einer Ruheposition und einer Arbeitsposition, in der es mit der Zahnung eines Anlasszahnkranzes des Verbrennungsmotors des Fahrzeugs zusammenwirkt, beweglich ist, wobei im Laufe der Verschiebung des Ritzels (39) von seiner Ruheposition bis zu seiner Arbeitsposition eine erste Phase der Versorgung des Elektromotors (34) mit elektrischer Energie mit einer verringerten Leistung stattfindet und, wenn sich das Ritzel (39) in Arbeitsposition befindet, eine zweite Phase der Versorgung des Elektromotors mit einer höheren Leistung stattfindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens bei der ersten Versorgungsphase des Elektromotors die Versorgung des Elektromotors in Abhängigkeit von seiner Drehzahl gesteuert wird.
  2. Steuerungsverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass , insoweit das bewegliche Ritzel (39) unter der Einwirkung eines Elektromagneten (38; 42) von seiner Ruheposition zu seiner Arbeitsposition verschoben wird, die erste Versorgungsphase nach Ablauf eines vorbestimmten Zeitraums nach Aktivierung des Elektromagneten stattfindet.
  3. Steuerungsverfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zeitraum kleiner oder gleich ungefähr einer Sekunde ist.
  4. Steuerungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Versorgungsphase des Elektromotors (34) im Anschluss an eine Verzögerungszeit stattfindet, nachdem das Ritzel seine Arbeitsposition erreicht hat.
  5. Steuerungsverfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verzögerungszeit zwischen ungefähr 2 und 200 Millisekunden liegt.
  6. Steuerungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verzögerungszeit in Abhängigkeit von der Winkelverschiebung der Welle des Elektromotors bestimmt wird.
  7. Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Stromversorgung eines Elektromotors eines Kraftfahrzeuganlassers, umfassend mit der Versorgungsbatterie des Fahrzeugs verbundene Schaltmittel (24; 44), Mittel zur Erfassung der Position eines beweglichen Ritzels (39) für den Antrieb eines Anlasszahnkranzes des Verbrennungsmotors des Fahrzeugs und eine Steuereinheit (30; 41), die in der Lage ist, die Versorgung des Elektromotors zu steuern entsprechend einer ersten Phase der Versorgung des Motors mit elektrischer Energie mit einer verringerten Leistung, in deren Verlauf das Ritzel (39) des Anlassers von einer Ruheposition zu einer Arbeitsposition verschoben wird, in der es mit dem Anlasszahnkranz zusammenwirkt, und einer zweiten Phase der Versorgung des Elektromotors mit elektrischer Energie mit einer höheren Leistung, wenn sich das Ritzel in seiner Arbeitsposition befindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel (36; 48) zur Messung der Drehzahl des Motors des Anlassers umfasst, die mit der Steuereinheit (30; 41) verbunden sind, um die Versorgung des Elektromotors in Abhängigkeit von seiner Drehzahl wenigstens im Laufe der ersten Versorgungsphase zu steuern.
  8. Steuervorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaltmittel aus einem Wechselrichter (24) bestehen, dessen Schaltzellen (26-1, ..., 26-n, 28-1, ..., 28-n) durch von der Steuereinheit (30) gelieferte Steuersignale gespeist werden, deren Frequenz in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl des Elektromotors moduliert wird.
  9. Steuervorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaltmittel aus einem zwischen der Versorgungsbatterie des Fahrzeugs und dem Elektromotor in Reihe geschalteten Schalter (44) bestehen und dass sie außerdem Mittel (41) zum Vergleich der Drehzahl des Motors mit einem minimalen Schwellenwert umfasst, von dem an der Motor gespeist wird, und mit einem maximalen Schwellenwert, von dem an die Versorgung des Motors abgeschaltet wird.
  10. Steuervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass die Mittel zur Messung der Drehzahl des Motors aus einem Messwertgeber (48) bestehen.
  11. Steuervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Messung der Drehzahl des Motors aus Mitteln zur Verarbeitung der durch den Läufer des Elektromotors induzierten Ströme bestehen.
  12. Steuervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Erfassungsmittel für das Ritzel umfasst, um dessen Positionierung in Arbeitsposition zu erfassen, die mit der Steuereinheit verbunden sind, um die Anwendung der zweiten Versorgungsphase zu bewirken.
  13. Steuervorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass sie außerdem Messmittel (36; 48) zur Messung der Winkelverschiebung der Antriebswelle des Anlassers und Mittel (30; 41) zum Vergleich des gemessenen Werts der Winkelverschiebung mit einem Schwellenwert umfasst, von dem an die Anwendung der zweiten Versorgungsphase freigegeben wird.
EP20010403259 2000-12-22 2001-12-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Leistungsversorgung eines elektrischen Motors für einen Kraftfahrzeuganlasser Expired - Lifetime EP1217205B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0016945 2000-12-22
FR0016945A FR2818703B1 (fr) 2000-12-22 2000-12-22 Procede et dispositif de commande de l'alimentation d'un moteur electrique de demarreur de vehicule automobile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1217205A1 EP1217205A1 (de) 2002-06-26
EP1217205B1 true EP1217205B1 (de) 2006-11-08

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EP20010403259 Expired - Lifetime EP1217205B1 (de) 2000-12-22 2001-12-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Leistungsversorgung eines elektrischen Motors für einen Kraftfahrzeuganlasser

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EP (1) EP1217205B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60124370T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2275641T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2818703B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009045159A1 (de) * 2009-09-30 2011-03-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Überprüfen eines Einspurens eines Ritzels eines Startersystems
DE102010062241A1 (de) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Starters eines Fahrzeugs

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2679717B1 (fr) * 1991-07-23 1994-12-23 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Dispositif de commande d'un demarreur de vehicule automobile.
IT1279543B1 (it) * 1995-02-17 1997-12-16 Magneti Marelli Spa Dispositivo per il controllo elettronico di un elettromagnete di innesto, in particolare per un motorino d'avviamento.
DE19840819C1 (de) * 1998-09-07 2000-08-03 Isad Electronic Sys Gmbh & Co Startersystem für einen Verbrennungsmotor sowie Verfahren zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors

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Publication number Publication date
DE60124370D1 (de) 2006-12-21
DE60124370T2 (de) 2007-08-30
FR2818703A1 (fr) 2002-06-28
FR2818703B1 (fr) 2003-02-07
EP1217205A1 (de) 2002-06-26
ES2275641T3 (es) 2007-06-16

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