EP1203511B1 - Emetteur infrarouge a induction electromagnetique et ses utilisations - Google Patents
Emetteur infrarouge a induction electromagnetique et ses utilisations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1203511B1 EP1203511B1 EP00938420A EP00938420A EP1203511B1 EP 1203511 B1 EP1203511 B1 EP 1203511B1 EP 00938420 A EP00938420 A EP 00938420A EP 00938420 A EP00938420 A EP 00938420A EP 1203511 B1 EP1203511 B1 EP 1203511B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- emitter according
- emitter
- infrared
- layer
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
- H05B6/106—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor in the form of fillings
Definitions
- the invention relates to an infrared transmitter with electromagnetic induction. More particularly, the invention relates to a device for the emission of infrared radiation, which device is electrically powered by means of an inductor, and characterized by a choice of material for the transmitter which makes it possible to high temperatures and achieve high densities of medium-type radiation power.
- the emission temperature of gas radiants is between 900 and 1150 ° C: the radiation is therefore of the "average" type, that is to say in the wavelengths identified with the average infrared (more than 85% of the power radiated between 1 and 6 ⁇ m). They offer radiation power densities of 100 to 160 kW / m 2 .
- the lamp-type electric emitters (whose filament is increased to 2200 ° C) radiate more in the short type of infrared (more than 85% of the radiated power between 0 and 2.5 ⁇ m) and offer power densities that may exceed 300 kW / m 2 .
- an infrared source consists of a solid body which is heated to a temperature such that it emits infrared-type electromagnetic radiation.
- Electrical infrared emitters involve passing a direct current through a resistor, usually a wire. The heating is done by Joule effect (direct electrical conduction).
- the power density of an emitter made of wire is limited for several reasons.
- the wires have a low electrical resistivity and can not exceed a temperature of 1300 ° C.
- the service life decreases sharply with the diameter of the wire: it is therefore preferable to increase the length of the wire, which is achieved by shaping a pudding.
- a certain distance between turns of the same coil and between the rows of rolls must be respected at the risk of producing hot spots. This requirement further limits the power density.
- the rods In addition, it is often imperative to cover the rods with a material isolating them from the environment, both from the thermal point of view (in order to limit the losses by convection with ambient air) and the electrical one (for reasons of security).
- the corrugated son are then embedded or inserted in a material transparent or not to infrared radiation.
- the power density of embedded infrared sources embedded in plates or inserted in quartz tubes is the highest among medium-type electric infrared sources but remains below 100 kW / m 2 , providing less than 80 kW / m 2 in radiation.
- the sources with short infrared lamps are characterized by a very high power density, because the tungsten wire with the inside of the lamps is raised to a very high temperature (2200 ° C): but as we have seen, this temperature level implies that the emission is rather of short type, which brings the disadvantages already mentioned.
- the tungsten wire must be enclosed in a sealed tube to prevent rapid oxidation.
- Another way of increasing the power density is to enlarge the actual emission area by using an extended surface and no longer a coil wire.
- a full and wide plate configuration makes it possible to increase the emission area. Theoretically, if a solid surface of Kanthal A1 at 1300 ° C could be heated relatively uniformly, the radiation power density would be very high (above 300 kW / m 2 ). The difficulty is to pass the current everywhere in this surface. In direct conduction, it is very difficult to achieve uniform heating because the current passes through the shortest "electric" path. To pass the current everywhere between the voltage terminals, it is necessary to cut several lines in the plate, which poses problems of mechanical resistance and local concentration of current. Some means have been evaluated and tested by the applicant but several problems have led to questioning the use of direct electrical conduction: heating uniformity, supply voltage, thermal expansion, mechanical strength, thermal losses by the contacts, and other.
- the applicant proposes to involve the electromagnetic induction: rather than passing the current directly into a resistor, heating can then be carried out by eddy currents induced by a driver physically decoupled from the material heated.
- the material in which these currents are developed may be other than the metal constituting the coil wire of conventional infrared sources.
- the choice of the material constituting the emitting surface constitutes the determining aspect. This material must be able to withstand very high temperatures, far beyond the Curie point of all materials with magnetic properties. Only resistivity intervenes electromagnetically. On the other hand, the Applicant has been able to identify a resistivity range of materials and supply frequencies resulting in excellent electrical efficiency and a relatively good power factor, two conditions for induction to be used as a heating means. at the base of an infrared system. It is possible to transfer a very high power (above 50 kW for a 0.16 m 2 plate) by generating a typical electric field at a reasonable supply voltage.
- the heating is relatively uniform, although the currents generated in the heating plate are in the image of the configuration of the inductor, which is in a circular shape ("pancake"): the four corners of the plate are therefore colder, than the center.
- this concept makes it possible to avoid problems of hot spots and losses by the connections associated with direct electrical conduction.
- the material constituting the emitting surface must be able to withstand very high temperatures and thermomechanical stresses.
- the metals constituting the resistive wires of infrared sources are characterized by very weak mechanical properties in the vicinity of 1300 ° C. They could not therefore constitute the radiant plate.
- CMC Ceramic Matrix Composite
- CFRC Continuous Fiber Ceramic Composites
- CFCC is therefore a solution to the traditional problem of fragility of ceramics. They can operate at high temperatures, undergo thermal shocks, and have a long service life. These assets make them ideal candidates to serve as a basis for a high power density infrared system. In contrast, most CFCCs do not conduct electricity, and therefore are not likely to be heated by electromagnetic induction. The Applicant has found that CFCCs comprising carbon fibers in a matrix of silicon carbide (C / SiC) conduct enough electricity to be effectively heated by electromagnetic induction.
- C / SiC silicon carbide
- Belgian Patent No. 497,198 discloses a low frequency induction heating apparatus comprising a thin metal shell surrounding a vessel which is heated by a solenoid. However, this document does not describe an apparatus capable of emitting infrared radiation of high power density.
- the invention provides an infrared emitter using electromagnetic induction to heat a surface of a material having characteristics to bring it to a high temperature so as to produce a high power density of medium type infrared radiation. .
- Another object of the invention is to use an electromagnetic induction of a few tens of kilohertz, which allows the use of non-metallic materials and to obtain a good electrical efficiency.
- the object of the invention is also to reach a higher limit temperature than that of Fe - Cr - A - based metals, which is 1300 ° C., and even to pass beyond 1400 ° C.
- Another object of the invention is to use a composite material having a relatively low electrical resistivity in order to respond to induction heating.
- Another object of the invention is to achieve power densities of more than 200 kW / m 2 in the mean infrared using an emitter according to the invention.
- the object of the invention is also to use a material that responds to electromagnetic induction and is capable of supporting the mentioned operating conditions, in particular in order to respond to induction heating.
- an infrared transmitter comprising an electrically conducting surface (5) made of a composite ceramic material comprising fibers or composite / carbon covered with a outer layer preventing oxidation, at least one thickness of thermal insulator abutting said surface (5), an inductor (2) adjacent to said at least one thickness of thermal insulation and separated from said surface (5) by the latter , and a field concentrator (1) juxtaposed or adjacent to the inductor, said surface being characterized in that it emits a infrared radiating means type and having a higher power density to 200 kW / m 2 when heated by Foucault currents using said inductor.
- the surface responding to the induction is in the form of a plate, which may be chosen from ceramic composite materials, in particular of the CFCC type.
- the plate may also be a composite material of carbon / carbon type covered with a layer of silicon carbide.
- the surface responding to the induction may be a thin layer contiguous to a plate.
- the surface must be capable of being heated to a temperature of at least 1300 ° C, and generating a radiation power density exceeding 250 kW / m 2 .
- the insulation consists of a thickness of a low temperature insulator and a thickness of a high temperature insulator.
- the inductor may comprise an inductor consisting of a copper tube cooled with water, or may also comprise Litz cables.
- the field concentrator is juxtaposed with the inductor.
- the plate has a thickness of between about 1 mm and 5 mm.
- the inductor is wound on itself in a plane.
- a field concentrator 1 is juxtaposed with the spiral tubing (FIG. 2). As will be seen in FIG. 2, the infrared transmitter is placed to transmit radiation onto a sheet of paper 6.
- a CFCC comprising carbon fibers makes it possible to obtain a high temperature extended plate producing an infrared radiation of medium type at a high power density.
- Tests have found that carbon fibers, which are within a matrix of silicon carbide; allow induction heating at frequencies of a few tens of kilohertz. Simulation tests and tests on a prototype have shown that it would be possible to transfer power with very good electrical efficiency. Thermomechanically, it has been found that this composite has excellent properties.
- a plate manufactured in CFCC from AlliedSignal Composites showed perfect flatness and a good appearance of uniformity. Induction heating of a very demanding nature has led to no breakage, deformation or reduction of mechanical rigidity. Electromagnetic coupling has also been confirmed excellent.
- the invention consists in heating a plate of a specific material by electromagnetic induction, which plate is heated to high temperature and, consequently, emits infrared radiation.
- the main temperature of the plate is about 1300 ° C, making it a medium-infrared type source, thus suitable for paper coating drying.
- the radiation power density exceeds 250 kW / m 2 , which would more than double the radiation power density of most current gas radiants.
- This very high power density is the essential asset of such a system. This translates into a occupied area halved for the same installed power.
- the concept is characterized by a very small vertical space compared to current gas and electric technologies: this is due to the absence of combustion air and gas supply lines (with reference to gas radiants) or cooling air connectors (in reference to short tube infrared technology).
- the new concept therefore allows the reduction of space occupied both horizontally and vertically.
- the reduced vertical footprint can make it possible to place high density IRHD infrared sources on either side of the sheet of paper, which would further increase the power density.
- IRHD High Density technology could also find very interesting applications in the field of metallurgy and glass.
- the high temperature furnaces currently heated by radiating tubes could be advantageously replaced by induction heated plates. These plates would then cover the internal walls of the oven and allow a very large heating capacity, and therefore production.
- the power density in medium-type infrared is highly sought after.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2277885 | 1999-07-16 | ||
| CA002277885A CA2277885C (fr) | 1999-07-16 | 1999-07-16 | Emetteur infrarouge a l'induction electromagnetique |
| PCT/CA2000/000722 WO2001006814A1 (fr) | 1999-07-16 | 2000-06-15 | Emetteur infrarouge a l'induction electromagnetique |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1203511A1 EP1203511A1 (fr) | 2002-05-08 |
| EP1203511B1 true EP1203511B1 (fr) | 2006-02-22 |
Family
ID=4163791
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00938420A Expired - Lifetime EP1203511B1 (fr) | 1999-07-16 | 2000-06-15 | Emetteur infrarouge a induction electromagnetique et ses utilisations |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6858823B1 (no) |
| EP (1) | EP1203511B1 (no) |
| AU (1) | AU5383000A (no) |
| CA (1) | CA2277885C (no) |
| DE (1) | DE60026139T2 (no) |
| NO (1) | NO20021642L (no) |
| WO (1) | WO2001006814A1 (no) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070210056A1 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-09-13 | Redi-Kwick Corp. | Infrared oven |
| FR2906786B1 (fr) * | 2006-10-09 | 2009-11-27 | Eurocopter France | Procede et dispositif de degivrage d'une paroi d'aeronef |
| US8043375B2 (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2011-10-25 | MoiRai Orthopaedic, LLC | Cartilage implants |
| EP2893854B1 (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2016-11-30 | Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag | Induction cooker |
| JP6990762B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-23 | 2022-01-12 | Ｔｍｔマシナリー株式会社 | 加熱ローラ及び紡糸延伸装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE497198A (no) | ||||
| US2635168A (en) * | 1950-11-04 | 1953-04-14 | Pakco Company | Eddy current heater |
| US5227597A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1993-07-13 | Electric Power Research Institute | Rapid heating, uniform, highly efficient griddle |
| US5240542A (en) * | 1990-09-06 | 1993-08-31 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Joining of composite materials by induction heating |
| US5528020A (en) * | 1991-10-23 | 1996-06-18 | Gas Research Institute | Dual surface heaters |
-
1999
- 1999-07-16 CA CA002277885A patent/CA2277885C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-06-15 EP EP00938420A patent/EP1203511B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-15 WO PCT/CA2000/000722 patent/WO2001006814A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-06-15 AU AU53830/00A patent/AU5383000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-15 DE DE60026139T patent/DE60026139T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-15 US US10/030,990 patent/US6858823B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-04-05 NO NO20021642A patent/NO20021642L/no unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1203511A1 (fr) | 2002-05-08 |
| CA2277885C (fr) | 2007-05-22 |
| DE60026139D1 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
| NO20021642D0 (no) | 2002-04-05 |
| US6858823B1 (en) | 2005-02-22 |
| CA2277885A1 (fr) | 2001-01-16 |
| NO20021642L (no) | 2002-04-05 |
| WO2001006814A1 (fr) | 2001-01-25 |
| AU5383000A (en) | 2001-02-05 |
| DE60026139T2 (de) | 2006-11-23 |
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