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EP1290701B1 - Isolation haute tension super-dielectrique pour machines dynamoelectriques - Google Patents

Isolation haute tension super-dielectrique pour machines dynamoelectriques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1290701B1
EP1290701B1 EP00941159A EP00941159A EP1290701B1 EP 1290701 B1 EP1290701 B1 EP 1290701B1 EP 00941159 A EP00941159 A EP 00941159A EP 00941159 A EP00941159 A EP 00941159A EP 1290701 B1 EP1290701 B1 EP 1290701B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resin
oligomer
resins
metal
insulated
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1290701A1 (fr
Inventor
James D. B. Smith
Franklin T. Emery
Karl F. Schoch, Jr.
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Siemens Energy Inc
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Siemens Westinghouse Power Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
    • H01B3/421—Polyesters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to high dielectric strength capability epoxy resins, utilizing epoxy chromium ionic bonding within chromium intercalated silicate material upon cure, to provide a high voltage epoxy resin matrix for the intercalated silicate.
  • These resins can be used for a wide variety of insulation applications for generator stators and rotors.
  • the high dielectric strength will allow its use as very thin insulation and permit low-cost dip coating or spraying procedures to be used.
  • Mica a group of silicates, such as KAl 2 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2 (muscovite) or KMg 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2 (phlogopite), has been long been a key component of high voltage electrical insulation in electrical machines over 7 kV, because of its particularly high dielectric strength, low dielectric loss, high resistivity, excellent thermal stability and excellent corona resistance.
  • mica is used in the form of flakes on a glass fabric backing, which provides mechanical -integrity required for machine wrapping of coils, as shown for example in U.S. Patent Specification Nos. 4,112,183 and 4,254,351 (Smith and Smith et al.), respectively.
  • mica tape is wrapped around the coil and then impregnated with low viscosity liquid insulation resin by vacuum-pressure impregnation ("VPI"). That process consists of evacuating a chamber containing the coil in order to remove air and moisture trapped in the mica tape, then introducing the insulation resin under pressure to impregnate the mica tape completely with resin thus eliminating voids, producing resinous insulation in a mica matrix. This resin is subsequently cured by a prolonged heating cycle. In practice, complete elimination of voids is difficult, and the voids can be a recurring source of electrical and mechanical problems. And of course, the mica tape is thick, bulky, and difficult to apply to the coils.
  • VPI vacuum-pressure impregnation
  • voids can have significant consequences for both the electrical performance of the coil and its mechanical integrity. Electrically the voids can act as locations for partial discharges, which increase the electrical losses in the coil and can degrade the surrounding insulation during prolonged exposure. Mechanically the voids can be places where delamination can begin, causing potential disintegration of the coil.
  • the problems associated with the VPI process are primarily the result of the several steps involved: (1) bake out of the coil, (2) evacuation, (3) impregnation, and (4) curing. Each step is time-consuming and must be carried out correctly in order to produce a finished coil which meets the electrical and mechanical requirements. The process time and scrap coils represent significant increased cost of the coil fabrication method.
  • Drljaca et al. in "Intercalation of Montmorillonite with Individual Chromium (III) Hydrolytic Oligomers", Vol. 31, No. 23, 1992, pp. 4894-4897, taught chromium inserted/intercalated pillared clays as having sorptive and catalytic properties and possible substitutes 'for zeolites, that is, sodium or calcium aluminosilicates used for ion exchange water softening. Drljaca et al. further described, in "A New Method for Generating Chromium (III) Intercalated Clays, " Inorganica Chimica Acta, 256, 1997, pp. 151-154, Cr (III) dimer reaction with other dimer units to form planar sheets for intercalation into montmorillonite clays, Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 4SiO 2 ⁇ H 2 O
  • Miller further describes the platelets as having a high "aspect ratio,” that is, high width compared to thickness, where molecular bonds are formed between the platelets and a polymer during compounding.
  • the clay producers such as Nancor Inc. and AMCOL Intl., chemically stretch, that is, "open” the spacing between the platelets from about 4 Angstrom Units, about 0.0004 micrometer, to a thickness such that organic resin molecules can directly ionically or covalently attach to the platelet surface, allowing the platelet to directly react into the polymer structure during subsequent polymerization/compounding.
  • the platelet bundles are also exfoliated into individual platelets by the clay producers to aid in polymerization/compounding.
  • the molecular "tail” Miller states, has the chemical functionality to overcome the incompatibility between the hydrophilic (having an affinity for water) clay and the hydrophobic (water-repelling) organic polymer and enable them to directly form a molecular bond, that is, directly intercalate the polymer into the nanoclay.
  • additional uses appear to be thermoplastic resin gas barrier packaging, microwavable containers, and epoxy resin circuit boards.
  • the salt will have a phenol group (for phenolic resin), an epoxy group (for epoxy resin) and a polybutadiene group (for acrylonitrilebutadienerubber).
  • phenol group for phenolic resin
  • epoxy resin for epoxy resin
  • polybutadiene group for acrylonitrilebutadienerubber.
  • Yano and Usuki et al. of Toyota R&D in "Synthesis and Properties of Polyamide - Clay Hybrid", Journal of Polymer Science , Part A, Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 31, 1993, pp. 2493-2498, describe use of montmorillonite intercalated with an ammonium salt of dodecylamine as an aligned filler in a polyamide resin hybrid, for use as a gas barrier film.
  • montmorillonite was mixed with hot water to disperse the sodium, which was then replaced with the ammonium salt of dodecylamine which then interacted with dimethylacetamide (“DMAC”) to "open” the platelets of montmorillonite.
  • DMAC dimethylacetamide
  • the intercalated montmorillonite was then simply dispersed into a polyamide matrix and cast as a film, where the montmorillonite oriented parallel to the film surface to provide barriers to gas permeation.
  • an electrically conducting member insulated with a coating of a resin interactive with and bonded to an oligomer which contains a metal selected' from the group consisting of Cr, Sn, Zn and mixtures thereof, said oligomer disposed within an Al.Si.O containing structure, wherein said structure constitutes from about 3 wt.% to 35 wt% of the resin weight.
  • the coating is from 0.1. cm to 0.3 cm thick, and is dip coated, sprayed or extruded onto a substrate such as a conductor, where the conductor can be metal coil for dynamoelectric machinery, such as 7 Kv or higher electrical generators.
  • the invention also resides in a method of making a resinous coating suitable for use as an electrical insulation, comprising the steps of (a) providing an oligomer containing a metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Sn, Zn and mixtures thereof; (b) providing a solid Al.Si.O based material having a platelet form and having spaces between their constituent platelets, which spaces are capable of being expanded; (c) providing a liquid resin selected from the group consisting of polyepoxide resins, styrenated polyepoxide resins, polyester.resins and 1, 2-polybutadiene resins, which resins can interact and polymerize in the presence of Cr, Sn, or Zn; (d) inserting the metal containing oligomer into the spaces within the solid Al.Si.O based material; and (e) causing the liquid resin and the solid metal inserted Al.Si.O based material to contact each other to form a resinous admixture such that the metal inserted Al.S
  • Further stomps can include (f) applying the resinous admixture to a substrate; and then (g) heating the metal inserted Al.Si.O liquid resin admixture so that the resin interacts with the metal causing interaction of the liquid resin and the oligomer and polymerization of the resin around and with the Al.Si.O solids to provide Al.Si.O 2 solids within a cured polymerized solid matrix of resin.
  • Particularly useful resins are solventless polyepoxide (epoxy) resins, styrenated polyepoxide resins, polyester resins, and 1,2-polybutadiene resins, all of which can interact and-polymerize in the catalytic presence of Cr, Sn and Zn.
  • the preferred Al.Si.O structure is montmorillonite and the preferred oligomer is a Cr(III) oligometer.
  • the voltage endurance of these materials greater than 1000 hours at 7.5 kV/mm (188 volts/mil), and generally within the much higher range of 2800-3000 hrs. @ 188 volts/mil.
  • the normal range of, for example, unfilled epoxy resin is 1000 hrs @ 188 volts/mil, thus the resins of this invention can be applied in thicknesses below 0.063 cm (0.025 inch) for voltages up to 35 kV.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings an insulated electrical member, such as a coil 2 is shown, which has leads 4, potted in a thin cured insulating casing 6, the casing being the resinous composition of this invention applied to the member.
  • FIG. 1 is thus illustrative of certain articles of the invention, namely, electrical or electronic components potted or encapsulated in the applied compositions of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a motor 20 in cross section.
  • the motor comprises a metal armature 21 having slots 22 therein, containing insulated coils 23, surrounded by a metal stator 24 having slots 25 therein about the stator circumference at 26.
  • the stator slots contain insulated coils 27. All the insulation coated on the coil substrates 23 and 27 can compose the resinous compositions of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of a generator 30 in cross section.
  • the generator comprises substrate components such as a metal rotor 31 having slots 32 therein, containing insulated coils 33, surrounded by a metal stator 34 having slots 35 therein about the stator circumference at 36.
  • the stator slots contain insulated coils 37 and may also contain inner cooling channels not shown. All the insulation coated on the coils 33 and 37 can comprise the resinous compositions of this invention.
  • One type of resinous composition that can be used in this invention is obtainable by reacting epichlorohydrin with a dihydric phenol in an alkaline medium at about 50°C., using 1 to 2 or more moles of epichlorohydrin per mole of dihydric phenol. The heating is continued for several hours to effect the reaction, and the product is then washed free of salt and base.
  • the product instead of being a single simple compound, is generally a complex mixture of glycidyl polyethers.
  • the principal product may be represented by the chemical structural formula shown in FIG. 6, where n is an integer of the series 0, 1, 2, 3 . . ., and R represents the divalent hydrocarbon radical of the dihydric phenol.
  • the dibalent hydrocarbon radical has a composition similar to that shown in FIG. 7A, to provide a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A type epoxide. It is noted that the dibalent hydrocarbon radical may also have a composition' similar to that shown in FIG. 7B, providing a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F type epoxide resin.
  • the bisphenol epoxides used in the invention have a 1, 2-epoxy equivalency greater than one. They will generally be diepoxides.
  • epoxy equivalency
  • glycidylether resins that are useful in this invention include polyglycidyl ethers of a novolac prepared by reacting an epihalohydrin with an aldehyde, for example a phenol formaldehyde condensate.
  • Cycloalyphatic type expoxides are also useful, as are glycidyl ester epoxy resins, both being non-glycidyl ether epoxides, all of which are well known in the art and described in detail by Smith et al, in U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,254,351, where epoxidized polybutadiene, also useful in this invention is described. All of these previously described resinous compositions will be hereafter defined and described as "polyepoxide resins”.
  • polyester resins include polyesters, and 1-2, polybutadienes, all of which are well known in the art.
  • polyester resins are a large group of synthetic resins, almost all produced by reaction of dibasic acids with dihydric alcohols. In a few cases trifunctional monomers such as glycerol or citric acid are used.
  • polymers applies especially to the products made from unsaturated dibasic acids such as maleic acid.
  • Unsaturated polyester resins can be further polymerized through cross linking. Often, another unsaturated monomer such as styrene is added during this second stage of the polymerization, which can occur at ordinary temperature with suitable' peroxide catalysts.
  • maleic anhydride and fumaric acid are the usual unsaturated acid components, while phthalic anhydride, or adipic or azelaic acid are the corresponding saturated materials.
  • Commonly used glycols are ethylene, propylene, diethylene, dipropylene, and certain butylene glycols.
  • the added polymerizable monomer is styrene, vinyltoluene, diallyl phthalate or methyl methacrylate.
  • unsaturated polyester resins there are other important types.
  • alkyd resins are made from saturated acid and alcohol monomers with many types of modifications, usually the inclusion of an unsaturated fatty acid.
  • butadiene is caused to polymerize' 1,2- so that the No. 1 carbon of each butadiene molecule becomes attached to the No. 2 carbon of another molecule.
  • the main backbone of the resulting polymer contains only the No. 1 and No. 2 carbons, while all the No. 3 and No. 4 carbons are in vinyl side chains, as shown in FIG. 9, for example.
  • These 1,2- polybutadienes exist in isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic forms, but cannot have cis and trans forms.
  • Useful oligomers containing, a metal M, selected from the group consisting of Cr, Sn, Zn and their mixture can, for example, be of the dimer structure, as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the reaction sequence useful to provide the insulated conducting member of this invention is shown generally in FIG. 4.
  • An oligomer would be prepared containing Cr, Sn, Zn or their mixtures. This can be accomplished, generally, by the reaction of a strong acid (that is, Perchloric acid) with a metal salt [chromium nitrate, Tin chloride dehydrate, Zinc nitrate hydrate] in aqueous solution.
  • a strong acid that is, Perchloric acid
  • a metal salt chromium nitrate, Tin chloride dehydrate, Zinc nitrate hydrate
  • One particularly useful Cr (III) oligomer is a Chromium (III) 2,4-pentanedionate having the composition indicated in FIG. 11. Additional reference is also made to FIG. 4, where oligomers of this type are indicated by the reference numeral 40.
  • oligomers can, optimally, be, reacted with each other to form dimer chains in the form of planar sheets about 0.0004 to 0.0009 micrometers (4 to 9 Angstrom Units) thick. This is shown in FIG. 12, for example, and taught by Drljaca et al. in Inorganica Chimica Acta, 256 (1997) pp 151-154.
  • a solid Al.Si.O based material having a platelet form and having spaces between their constituent platelets, capable of being expanded, such as an unmodified mica-type silicate is generally shown as 42 in Fig. 4.
  • unmodified muscovite mica, phlogopite mica or clay type silicates such as montmorillonite, or their mixtures can be treated to expand or further '"open" spacing between constituent platelets, such material generally shown as 43, so that oligomers and organic resin molecules can intercalate into the mica or clay platelets, with the result shown in step (2).
  • these mica or clay platelets can be chemically treated by contact with amines, onium salts, such as ammonium salts, or other chemicals added in amounts effective to expand the interlayer distance or sprang of the mica or clay and help to make those materials less hydrophilic and more hydrophobic so that the generally hydrophobic polymer materials can more easily interact with the mica or clay.
  • step 2 the metal containing oligomer 40 is inserted or disposed within, that is, intercalated into opened Al.Si.O based material, as described previously in the Background, to provide structure 43', for example muscovite KAl 2 AlSi, 3 O 10 (OH) 2 , phlogopite KMg 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2 or montmorillonite Al 2 O 3 .4SiO 2 ⁇ H 2 O.
  • structure 43' for example muscovite KAl 2 AlSi, 3 O 10 (OH) 2 , phlogopite KMg 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2 or montmorillonite Al 2 O 3 .4SiO 2 ⁇ H 2 O.
  • This is carried out, in one method, by dissolving the metal containing oligomer in a suitable solvent, for example a ketone Chromium(III) 2,4-pentanedionate and then contacting the Al.Si.O 2 based material with the solution for an effective time, followed by drying.
  • a suitable solvent for example a ketone Chromium(III) 2,4-pentanedionate
  • the proportion of Al.Si.O 2 to resin in the metal-containing oligomer is from about 3 wt% to 35 wt%, preferably 5 wt% to 20 wt%. upon heating the resinous composition 44 will chain link to form polymers 46 around and within the Al.Si.O material 43 as shown in step (3) of FIG. 4.
  • the mechanism responsible for protecting polymer materials from electrical breakdown can be described as follows. Mica is unique amongst materials in having a high resistance to partial discharges thereby increasing the voltage endurance and prolonging the life of insulation materials. It is now generally believed that the mechanism responsible for this protective behavior is electronic in nature and not physical. The high energy electrons resulting from partial discharges (sometimes referred to as "electron avalanches") are slowed down and deenergized by the strong positive fields generated by the arrays of K + ions held within the silicate lattice galleries. It is this effect which is apparently primarily responsible for the protective nature of mica in high voltage insulation systems.
  • transition metal salt can be guided by considering the charge/size ratio.
  • One mechanism by which mica is effective at scavenging free electrons is the presence of K + ions in the lattice galleries. These ions are typically held very tightly and are very effective scavengers of free electrons.
  • transition metal ions typically have higher charge and smaller size, thus having a much higher charge/size ratio.
  • Some examples are provided in the table shown in Figure 13. The concept is that replacing K + ions in these lattice galleries with metal ions gives insulation materials with even more effective partial discharge protection (and hence longer voltage endurance) than is found with mica. This is because the higher charge/radius ratio of these metal ions will give more efficient deenergizing of the fast electrons which are responsible for damaging insulation materials.
  • the resulting composition can be applied to an electrical member, for example, a wire, or coil, an electronic component or the like.
  • the insulating effect of the composition is extraordinary and will be such that it can be applied in cross-sections as thin as 0.06 cm.
  • these new dielectric materials could be used in a high performance molding resin or be used as a replacement for advanced mica tapes for vacuum pressure impregnating resin manufacture.
  • the ultimate pay-off would be the opportunity to drastically reduce their groundwall thicknesses dramatically beyond the present levels.
  • an insulation system that is, 0.005 cm (0.002 inch) thickness, for generator coils could quite possibly be the outcome of this development.
  • the very high dielectric capability of these materials would allow this extremely thin insulation layer to be used.
  • the type of mica-type silicate used in this experiment was montmorrillonite silicate clay (Tradename "K-10") from the Aldrich Chemical Co. This material had the following characteristics: a free-flowing white powder, with a particle surface area of 220-270 m 2 /g and a bulk density of 300-370 g/l.
  • the mixture was filtered and washed with fresh ethanol/water (50/50 v/v).
  • the product was dried in air and then in a vacuum oven at 50°C for 10 hours, so that, at the end of that time, the silicate clay had a more open structure suitable for intercalation.
  • the silicate was subsequently treated with Chromium (III) 2,4-pentanedionate having the chemical formula [C 5 H 7 O 2 ] 3 Cr, available from Aldrich Chemical Company. This reaction was carried out by dissolving the Chromium compound in methylethyl ketone and stirring at room temperature with the silicate for 2 hours.
  • the resulting product was air-dried and then put in a vacuum oven at 50°C for 12 hours, to provide a Cr(3 + ) intercalated clay.
  • Chromium intercalated clay was then suspended in a liquid polyepoxide vacuum pressure impregnating resin, made according to the teachings of U.S. Patent 4,254,351, and cast into 10.2 cm diam. cake samples. These samples were gelled for 2 hours at 135°C, and then heated for 16 hours at 150°C until they were fully cured. Typically, the Chromium intercalated silicate was added at level of 10% (by weight) to the epoxy resin. Control samples of the polyepoxide resin alone were also cast into 10.2 cm diam cakes and cured as above.
  • Example 1 In addition to the long-term voltage endurance tests, described in Example 1, there are other important tests to be used in the evaluation of high voltage electrical insulation.
  • One such test is the short-time Dielectric Strength measurement (ASTM D-149) which involves the placement of cured samples of resin (typically about 110 mils in thickness) between two electrodes under oil. The applied voltage is increased from zero to breakdown in a uniform, specified rate from 0.5 to 1.0 kV per second. Typically for electrical insulation of the thicknesses specified above, the voltage will exceed 35 kV before breakdown will occur. The dielectric strength voltage breakdown value is then calculated from the voltage at breakdown divided by the sample thickness (Volts/mil).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Elément conduisant l'électricité, isolé par enrobage avec une résine interagissant avec et liée à un oligomère qui contient un métal sélectionné dans le groupe constitué par le Cr, le Sn, le Zn et les mélanges de ceux-ci, dans lequel ledit oligomère est disposé à l'intérieur d'une structure contenant de l'Al.Si.O, ladite structure constituant environ de 3 % en poids à 35 % en poids du poids de la résine.
  2. Elément isolé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément est une bobine métallique.
  3. Elément isolé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément est un fil.
  4. Elément isolé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément est un composant électronique.
  5. Elément isolé selon la revendication 1, où la structure contenant de l'Al.Si.O est sélectionnée parmi des silicates de type mica, des silicates de type argile et des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  6. Elément isolé selon la revendication 1, où l'oligomère contient du Cr.
  7. Elément isolé selon la revendication 1, où l'oligomère contient du Sn.
  8. Elément isolé selon la revendication 1, où l'oligomère contient du Zn.
  9. Elément isolé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la résine est sélectionnée dans le groupe constitué par les résines polyépoxydes, les résines polyépoxydes styrénées, les résines polyesters et les résines 1,2-polybutadiènes.
  10. Elément isolé selon la revendication 1, où l'isolation par enrobage de résine a une endurance sous contrainte diélectrique supérieure à environ 1 000 heures à 7,5 kV/mm (188 volts/millième de pouce).
  11. Elément isolé selon la revendication 1, où l'élément est une bobine de cuivre d'un générateur d'électricité.
  12. Composition d'enrobage résineux, adaptée à une utilisation comme isolant électrique, qui comprend une résine interagissant avec et liée à un oligomère qui contient un métal sélectionné dans le groupe constitué du Cr, du Sn, du Zn et des mélanges de ceux-ci, ledit oligomère étant disposé à l'intérieur d'une structure contenant de l'Al.Si.O, dans laquelle ladite structure constitue environ de 3 % en poids à 35 % en poids du poids de la résine.
  13. Composition selon la revendication 12, où la structure contenant de l'Al.Si.O est sélectionnée parmi les silicates de type mica, les silicates de type argile et les mélanges de ceux-ci.
  14. Composition selon la revendication 12, où l'oligomère contient du Cr.
  15. Composition selon la revendication 12, où l'oligomère contient du Sn.
  16. Composition selon la revendication 12, où l'oligomère contient du Zn.
  17. Composition selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle la résine est sélectionnée dans le groupe constitué par les résines polyépoxydes, les résines polyépoxydes styrénées, les résines polyesters et les résines 1,2-polybutadiènes.
  18. Procédé de fabrication d'un enrobage résineux, adapté à une utilisation comme isolant électrique, comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    (A) fournir un oligomère contenant un métal sélectionné dans le groupe constitué par le Cr, le Sn, le Zn et les mélanges de ceux-ci ;
    (B) fournir un matériau solide à base d'Al.Si.O ayant une forme lamellaire et ayant des espaces entre ses lamelles constitutives, lesquels espaces peuvent être élargis ;
    (c) fournir une résine liquide sélectionnée dans le groupe constitué par les résines polyépoxydes, les résines polyépoxydes styrénées, les résines polyesters et les résines 1,2-polybutadiènes, lesquelles résines peuvent interagir et se polymériser en présence de Cr, de Sn ou de Zn ;
    (D) insérer l'oligomère contenant le métal dans les espaces à l'intérieur du matériau solide à base d'Al.Si.O, et
    (E) amener la résine liquide et le matériau solide à base d'Al.Si.O et à métal inséré en contact l'un avec l'autre pour former une admixtion résineuse de telle sorte que les solides à base d'Al.Si.O et à métal inséré sont dispersés dans la résine liquide.
  19. Procédé selon la revendication 18 comprenant les étapes additionnelles suivantes :
    (F) application de l'admixtion résineuse sur un substrat, et puis
    (G) chauffage de l'admixtion résineuse liquide à base d'Al.Si.O et à métal inséré de telle sorte que la résine interagit avec le métal, provoquant l'interaction de la résine liquide et de l'oligomère et la polymérisation de la résine autour des et avec les solides à base d'Al.Si.O, pour fournir des solides à base d'Al.Si.O à l'intérieur d'une matrice solide polymérisée durcie de résine.
  20. Procédé selon la revendication 18 où le matériau lamellaire solide à base d'Al.Si.O est traité par contact avec des matériaux qui élargiront l'espacement entre les lamelles constitutives à l'étape (B) et où la structure contenant l'Al.Si.O est sélectionnée parmi les silicates de type mica, les silicates de type argile et les mélanges de ceux-ci.
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 18, où la matrice durcie de résine et les solides à base d'Al.Si.O ont une endurance sous contrainte diélectrique supérieure à environ 1 000 heures à 7,5 kV/mm.
EP00941159A 2000-05-30 2000-05-30 Isolation haute tension super-dielectrique pour machines dynamoelectriques Expired - Lifetime EP1290701B1 (fr)

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JP2005239765A (ja) * 2004-02-24 2005-09-08 Totoku Electric Co Ltd 無機フィラー分散絶縁塗料および絶縁電線
JP2007336725A (ja) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-27 Denso Corp 回転電機の固定子
JP2019519878A (ja) * 2016-04-15 2019-07-11 ハンツマン・アドヴァンスト・マテリアルズ・ライセンシング・（スイッツランド）・ゲーエムベーハー 改良樹脂に富むマイカテープ
DE102020117995A1 (de) 2020-07-08 2022-01-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Maschine für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Verwendung einer solchen elektrischen Maschine sowie Kraftfahrzeug

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US4204181A (en) * 1976-04-27 1980-05-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Electrical coil, insulated by cured resinous insulation
US4173593A (en) * 1977-04-05 1979-11-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Metal acetylacetonate latent accelerators for an epoxy-styrene resin system
US4442138A (en) * 1982-02-22 1984-04-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Substrate pretreatment with a metal-beta keto ester complex in the method of curing an anaerobic resin
DE3806548C2 (de) * 1987-03-04 1996-10-02 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Verbundmaterial und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
JP3537957B2 (ja) * 1996-06-21 2004-06-14 株式会社豊田中央研究所 粘土複合材料及びその製造方法

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WO2002031843A1 (fr) 2002-04-18
KR100433914B1 (ko) 2004-06-04
DE60013650T2 (de) 2005-02-17
EP1290701A1 (fr) 2003-03-12
JP2004511882A (ja) 2004-04-15
KR20020075205A (ko) 2002-10-04
JP4499353B2 (ja) 2010-07-07
DE60013650D1 (de) 2004-10-14

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