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EP1268099A1 - Method for producing components using a flowable active medium and a forming tool - Google Patents

Method for producing components using a flowable active medium and a forming tool

Info

Publication number
EP1268099A1
EP1268099A1 EP01936183A EP01936183A EP1268099A1 EP 1268099 A1 EP1268099 A1 EP 1268099A1 EP 01936183 A EP01936183 A EP 01936183A EP 01936183 A EP01936183 A EP 01936183A EP 1268099 A1 EP1268099 A1 EP 1268099A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
board
preformed
active medium
preforming
blank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01936183A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1268099B1 (en
Inventor
Tino Gruszka
Franz-Josef Lenze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Stahl AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Stahl AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Stahl AG
Publication of EP1268099A1 publication Critical patent/EP1268099A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1268099B1 publication Critical patent/EP1268099B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/205—Hydro-mechanical deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/26—Deep-drawing for making peculiarly, e.g. irregularly, shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks
    • B21D26/059—Layered blanks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing components from a board consisting of a thermoformable material, in particular steel, using a flowable active medium.
  • the shaping of single boards with the aid of liquid active media is suitable on the one hand and the internal high pressure forming of welded boards or similar hollow bodies on the other hand.
  • the blanks are usually brought into their final shape by means of a stamp or a comparable molding tool, the molding tool used in each case (stamp or die) working against a support pressure applied by a fluid cushion.
  • stamp or die the molding tool used in each case working against a support pressure applied by a fluid cushion.
  • internal high-pressure forming on the other hand, a cavity present between the blanks or in the hollow body is filled with hydraulic fluid and subjected to high pressure. Due to the internal pressure generated in this way, the respective workpiece is pressed into the shape predetermined by a die surrounding the workpiece.
  • such intermediate molds are also produced in practice by hydromechanical forming.
  • the blank to be formed is preformed in the actual forming tool before the main forming by means of the active medium. Only after the pre-forming has been completed does the actual final forming take place, in which the workpiece is only deformed.
  • the preform geometry generally corresponds at least to the outline of the shaping tool element.
  • this procedure for pre-forming proves to be unfavorable with regard to the subsequent main forming.
  • this disadvantage is offset by the advantage that higher shape changes can be achieved in the center of the component, so that solidifications can be produced in a targeted manner and the material properties can be better utilized.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method with which complex-shaped components can be produced using the properties of the material used in an optimized manner.
  • this object is achieved by a method of the type specified at the outset, in which the following steps are carried out:
  • partially preformed semi-finished products are produced from the blank in a suitable forming device using flowable active media.
  • the final shape of the component is then formed from this preformed semi-finished product.
  • preforming takes place only in a limited area of the board.
  • preforming does not serve to form certain shaped elements, which are formed into the final shape in a further working stroke, but rather a preform is created that is optimal for material deformation and distribution, as well as the utilization of material properties the required properties of the component ultimately to be manufactured is prepared.
  • the preform is thus only produced in the areas in which it is necessary with regard to the geometric (development) and / or component-specific properties (strength).
  • the preforming of the board can take place without or with the help of a counterform.
  • Preforming without a counterform has the advantage that the material of the blank can flow freely during the preforming, so that, for example, an optimized strength of the preform is achieved.
  • the use of a counterform has the advantage that the preform can also be optimally prepared for the final shape to be produced with regard to its spatial configuration. A compromise can be found between the free and the complete forming in a counterform in that the preformed area of the blank at the end of the preforming only rests against the counterform in a partial area, while a free deformation takes place in the other partial area.
  • the preformed blank is preferably reshaped to the final shape of the component against a support pressure exerted by an active medium. In this way, a precisely shaped, high-quality component can be produced in a gentle manner, which has optimized mechanical properties and a good visual appearance due to the gentle processing.
  • the blanks preformed according to the invention can be together with one another before the final shaping to give the final shape of the component connect so that particularly large-area components or components can be manufactured in which the material distribution or the thickness of the material present in the areas • of the various boards are specifically adapted to the local stresses of the component that occur in practical use.
  • the boards can be connected to one another in a material, non-positive and / or positive manner. Alternatively, loosely lying blanks can be brought together into the final shape after preforming.
  • Hollow molds can be formed particularly easily with the method according to the invention if a cavity already exists between the preformed blanks lying on top of one another and possibly connected to one another.
  • the molds formed in this way are particularly suitable for being formed by internal high pressure forming into the final shape of the component, in which the cavity is subjected to high pressure during the final deformation of the blanks to the final shape.
  • Figure 1 is a sheet made of sheet metal in a perspective view.
  • Figure 3 shows the cross-section of the blank preformed in the course of the component shown in FIG. 2;
  • Figure 4 is another sheet made of thin sheet in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of a hollow shape formed by two preformed blanks of the type shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 shows another cross-section of a hollow mold formed by two preformed blanks of the type shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 shows a first device for preforming blanks of the type shown in FIG. 1 or 4 in cross section
  • FIG. 8 shows a second device for preforming blanks of the type shown in FIG. 1 or 4 in cross section
  • Fig. 9 shows a first device for the final molding of in
  • Fig. 10 shows a second device for the final molding of blanks preformed in devices of the type shown in Fig. 7 or 8 in cross section.
  • the respective board P1, P2 is divided into individual areas B1, V1 and B2, V2, respectively.
  • the position of the areas VI and V2 of the plates P1 and P2 provided for the pre-deformation depends on the generating geometry of the finished component.
  • the development ratio shown by way of example in FIG. 2 over the cross section of the finished component therefore plays a decisive role in the design of this area VI, V2.
  • the geometry of the partially preformed blanks P1, P2 and P3 shown by way of example in FIGS. 3 and 5 and ⁇ is to be designed in such a way that in the final shaping which follows the preforming, there is no failure due to material overload or inadmissible fold formation.
  • the area VI or V2 provided for the pre-deformation can, if necessary, lie within the outline of the area B1 (FIG. 3) from which the component to be produced is finished. Its contour is indicated in FIG. 3 by dashed lines and corresponds to that shown in FIG. 2.
  • Forming devices U1, U2 are used for preforming the plate P1 or a plate P4 divided into a region to be preformed and a region corresponding to the plate P2 from which the final shape of the component to be produced is produced. These each have a container 1 filled with a liquid active medium, for example Was.ser.
  • the shaping devices U1, U2 are each equipped with a holding device 2, which hold the respective plate P1, P4 to be preformed in its edge regions on the edge surrounding an opening of the container 1. In this way, the plate P1 or P4 is stretched over the opening so that the active medium can be applied to its side assigned to the inside of the container.
  • the course of the edge of the opening of the container 1 corresponds in each case to the course of the edge of the region VI or V2 provided for the preforming of the board P 1, P 4 processed in each case.
  • the forming device U2 In contrast to the forming device U1, in which, as shown in FIG. 7 using the example of the board Pl, the preforming of the board Pl takes place without a counterform, the forming device U2 is equipped with a counterform 3, which is at a distance from the in this example via the Opening of the container 1 tensioned circuit board P4 is arranged.
  • the respective plate P1 or P4 is arched out in the region of the container opening in an outward movement.
  • a completely free flow of the steel material of the plate P1 is permitted in the forming device U1 until the end of the pre-forming.
  • the pre-deformed area V2 of the plate P4 comes into contact with the counterform 3 after a certain time of free deformation, so that the shape of the counterform 3 is impressed on a partial section of the pre-deformed area V2.
  • the geometry and the dimensions of the freely deformed section V2a of the board P4 are dependent on the position of the counterform 3 in relation to the opening of the container 1.
  • the blanks P1-P4 can each be individually finished to form the respective component (FIG. 2).
  • a device F1 equipped in a conventional manner with a stamp 10 and a die 11 can be used, as is shown by way of example in FIG. 9.
  • the final shaping of the blanks P1-P4 can also be carried out in a device F2 which has a container 20 for an active medium 21, in particular water, and a holding device 22.
  • the holding device 22 for example, the preformed board P1 is held in the opening of the container 20.
  • the blank PL is then finished by means of a stamp 23 which can be inserted into the opening of the container 20 and in the end face of which the shape of the component to be produced is molded.
  • a stamp 23 which can be inserted into the opening of the container 20 and in the end face of which the shape of the component to be produced is molded.
  • the preformed plate P1 is drawn into the container 20.
  • the active medium contained in the container 20 exerts a support pressure S directed counter to the force of the plunger 23, so that the preformed plate Pl increases with increasing stroke of the Stamp 23 places on this and thus receives the shape specified by the stamp 23.
  • the preformed hollow bodies H1, H2 can be finished particularly well by applying high internal pressure.
  • the hollow bodies H1, H2 are positioned in a die of a suitable device (not shown here) and filled with a flowable active medium, for example water. Then the active medium is pressurized so that the sheet material of the respective hollow body Hl, H2 expands until it lies completely against the walls of the die.
  • a flowable active medium for example water.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing components from a blank (P1 - P4) consisting of a deep-drawable material, especially steel, using a flowable active medium. During this method, the blank (P1 - P4) is clamped in a forming device (U1,U2) and exposed to the active medium. The blank (P1 - P4) is then preformed by increasing the pressure (P) exerted by the active medium in an area of the blank (P1 - P4) which is limited to a partial section (V1,V2) of the blank surface and which partially covers the surface section (B1,B2) of the blank (P1 - P4) from which the final form of the component is produced. The preformed blank (P1 - P4) is then finished using a forming tool (F1,F2).

Description

VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN VON BAUTEILEN MITTELS EINES FLIESSFÄHIGEN WIRKMEDIUMS SOWIE EINES FORMWERKZEUG METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPONENTS BY MEANS OF A FLOWABLE ACTIVE MEDIA AND A MOLDING TOOL
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Bauteilen aus einer aus einem tiefziehfähigen Material, insbesondere Stahl, bestehenden Platine unter Verwendung eines fließfähigen Wirkmediums.The invention relates to a method for producing components from a board consisting of a thermoformable material, in particular steel, using a flowable active medium.
Für die Herstellung von komplexen Bauteilen mit verbesserten Bauteileigenschaften unter Ausnutzung der Eigenschaften des jeweils verwendeten Platinenmaterials eignet sich einerseits das Umformen von Einzelplatinen mit Hilfe von flüssigen Wirkmedien und andererseits das Innenhochdruckumformen verschweißter Platinen oder ähnlicher Hohlkörper. Bei der Umformung von einfachen Platinen unter Verwendung von Wirkmedien werden die Platinen in der Regel mittels eines Stempels oder eines vergleichbaren Formwerkzeugs in ihre Endform gebracht, wobei das jeweils eingesetzte Formwerkzeug (Stempel oder Matrize) gegen einen von einem Fluidpolster aufgebrachten Stützdruck arbeitet. Beim Innenhochdruckumformen wird dagegen ein zwischen den Platinen bzw. in dem Hohlkörper vorhandener Hohlraum mit Druckflüssigkeit gefüllt und mit hohem Druck beaufschlagt. Durch den so erzeugten Innendruck wird das jeweilige Werkstück in die durch eine das Werkstück umgebende Matrize vorgegebene Form gepreßt.For the production of complex components with improved component properties, taking advantage of the properties of the board material used in each case, the shaping of single boards with the aid of liquid active media is suitable on the one hand and the internal high pressure forming of welded boards or similar hollow bodies on the other hand. When simple blanks are formed using active media, the blanks are usually brought into their final shape by means of a stamp or a comparable molding tool, the molding tool used in each case (stamp or die) working against a support pressure applied by a fluid cushion. In the case of internal high-pressure forming, on the other hand, a cavity present between the blanks or in the hollow body is filled with hydraulic fluid and subjected to high pressure. Due to the internal pressure generated in this way, the respective workpiece is pressed into the shape predetermined by a die surrounding the workpiece.
Bei der Fertigung von tiefgezogenen oder innenhochdruckumgeformten Teilen mit komplizierten Geometrien ist in vielen Fällen die Herstellung von Zwischenformen erforderlich, da die Endkontur nicht in einem Umformschritt erzeugt werden kann. Die Zwischenform wird dabei in der Regel in Werkzeugen erzeugt, die unabhängig von dem zur Herstellung der Endform verwendeten Werkzeug arbeiten. Diese Aufteilung der Werkzeuge und Arbeitsschritte erhöht die erforderlichen Investitionskosten erheblich und führt infolgedessen zu einer Erhöhung der mit der Herstellung von Bauteilen der in Rede stehenden Art verbundenen Kosten.In the production of deep-drawn or hydroformed parts with complicated geometries, the production of intermediate molds is necessary in many cases, since the final contour cannot be created in one forming step. The intermediate form is usually generated in tools that work independently of the tool used to produce the final shape. This division of the tools and work steps increases the required investment costs considerably and consequently leads to an increase in the costs associated with the production of components of the type in question.
Neben dem eben voranstehend erläuterten Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zwischenformen mit zusätzlichen Werkzeugen werden derartige Zwischenformen in der Praxis auch durch hydromechanisches Umformen hergestellt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird die umzuformende Platine vor der Hauptumformung mittels des Wirkmediums im eigentlichen Ümformwerkzeug vorgeformt. Erst nachdem die Vorverformung abgeschlossen ist, findet die eigentliche Fertigumformung statt, bei der die Enform des Werkstücks erst erreicht wird. Um dies zu erreichen entspricht die Vorformgeometrie in der Regel mindestens dem Umriß des formgebenden Werkzeugelements. Diese Vorgehensweise bei der Vorverformung erweist sich in vielen Fällen als ungünstig im Hinblick auf die anschließende Hauptumformung. Diesem Nachteil steht jedoch der Vorteil gegenüber, daß in der Bauteilmitte höhere Formänderungen erzielt werden können, so daß gezielt Verfestigungen erzeugt und die Werkstoffeigenschaften besser ausgenutzt werden können.In addition to the method for producing intermediate molds with additional tools, which have just been explained above, such intermediate molds are also produced in practice by hydromechanical forming. In this method, the blank to be formed is preformed in the actual forming tool before the main forming by means of the active medium. Only after the pre-forming has been completed does the actual final forming take place, in which the workpiece is only deformed. In order to achieve this, the preform geometry generally corresponds at least to the outline of the shaping tool element. In many cases, this procedure for pre-forming proves to be unfavorable with regard to the subsequent main forming. However, this disadvantage is offset by the advantage that higher shape changes can be achieved in the center of the component, so that solidifications can be produced in a targeted manner and the material properties can be better utilized.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit welchem sich komplex geformte Bauteile unter optimierter Nutzung der Eigenschaften des verwendeten Werkstoffs herstellen lassen.The object of the invention is to provide a method with which complex-shaped components can be produced using the properties of the material used in an optimized manner.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren der eingangs angegebenen Art gelöst, bei dem folgende Schritte durchlaufen werden:According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method of the type specified at the outset, in which the following steps are carried out:
- Spannen der Platine in einer Umformeinrichtung, in weicher die Platine mindestens auf einer Seite mit dem Wirkmedium beaufschlagt wird;- Clamping the board in a forming device in which the active medium is applied to the board on at least one side;
- Vorformen der Platine durch Erhöhen des von dem Wirkmedium ausgeübten Drucks in einem Bereich der Platine, welcher auf einen Teilabschnitt der Platinenfläche beschränkt ist und den Flächenabschnitt der Platine, aus dem die Endform des Bauteils erzeugt wird, teilweise überdeckt, sowie- Preforming the circuit board by increasing the pressure exerted by the active medium in a region of the circuit board which is limited to a partial section of the circuit board surface and partially covers the surface section of the circuit board from which the final shape of the component is produced, and
- Fertigformen der vorgeformten Platine mittels eines Formwerkzeugs .- Final shaping of the preformed board using a molding tool.
Gemäß der Erfindung werden aus der Platine in einem ersten Arbeitsschritt partiell vorgeformte Halbzeuge unter Verwendung von fließfähigen Wirkmedien in einer geeigneten Umformvorrichtung erzeugt. Aus diesem vorgeformten Halbzeug wird dann die endgültige Form des Bauteils geformt.According to the invention, partially preformed semi-finished products are produced from the blank in a suitable forming device using flowable active media. The final shape of the component is then formed from this preformed semi-finished product.
Dabei erfolgt die Vorformung jeweils nur in einem begrenzten Bereich der Platine. Das Vorformen dient somit anders als beispielsweise bei einem mehrstufigen Tiefziehen von Bauteilen nicht zur Ausbildung bestimmter Formelemente, welche in einem weiteren Arbeitshub zur Endform geformt werden, sondern es wird eine Vorform erzeugt, die hinsichtlich der Materialverformung und -Verteilung sowie der Ausnutzung der Werkstoffeigenschaften optimal für die geforderten Eigenschaften des schließlich herzustellenden Bauteils vorbereitet ist. So wird die Vorform erfindungsgemäß nur in den Bereichen erzeugt, in denen diese im Hinblick auf die geometrischen (Abwicklung) und/oder bauteilspezifischen Eigenschaften (Festigkeit) erforderlich sind.The preforming takes place only in a limited area of the board. In contrast to, for example, multi-stage deep drawing of components, preforming does not serve to form certain shaped elements, which are formed into the final shape in a further working stroke, but rather a preform is created that is optimal for material deformation and distribution, as well as the utilization of material properties the required properties of the component ultimately to be manufactured is prepared. According to the invention, the preform is thus only produced in the areas in which it is necessary with regard to the geometric (development) and / or component-specific properties (strength).
In Abhängigkeit von den an das Endprodukt gestellten Anforderungen kann die Vorverformung der Platine ohne oder mit Hilfe' einer Gegenform erfolgen. Die Vorverformung ohne Gegenform hat den Vorteil, daß das Material der Platine bei der Vorverformung ungehindert fließen kann, so daß beispielsweise eine optimierte Festigkeit der Vorform erzielt wird. Die Verwendung einer Gegenform hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß die Vorform auch hinsichtlich ihrer räumlichen Ausgestaltung optimal für die zu erzeugende Endform vorbereitet werden kann. Dabei kann ein Kompromiß zwischen dem freien und dem vollständigen Umformen in einer Gegenform dadurch gefunden werden, daß der vorgeformte Bereich der Platine am Ende der Vorverformung nur in einem Teilbereich an der Gegenform anliegt, während in dem anderen Teilbereich eine freie Verformung stattfindet.Depending on the requirements placed on the end product, the preforming of the board can take place without or with the help of a counterform. Preforming without a counterform has the advantage that the material of the blank can flow freely during the preforming, so that, for example, an optimized strength of the preform is achieved. The use of a counterform has the advantage that the preform can also be optimally prepared for the final shape to be produced with regard to its spatial configuration. A compromise can be found between the free and the complete forming in a counterform in that the preformed area of the blank at the end of the preforming only rests against the counterform in a partial area, while a free deformation takes place in the other partial area.
Die Umformung der vorgeformten Platine zu der Endform des Bauteils erfolgt vorzugsweise gegen einen von einem Wirkmedium ausgeübten Stützdruck. Auf diese Weise läßt sich auf schonende Weise ein exakt geformtes, hochwertiges Bauteil herstellen, welches aufgrund der schonenden Verarbeitung optimierte mechanische Eigenschaften und ein gutes optisches Erscheinungsbild aufweist.The preformed blank is preferably reshaped to the final shape of the component against a support pressure exerted by an active medium. In this way, a precisely shaped, high-quality component can be produced in a gentle manner, which has optimized mechanical properties and a good visual appearance due to the gentle processing.
Die erfindungsgemäß vorgeformten Platinen lassen sich vor der Fertigverformung zur Endform des Bauteils miteinander verbinden, so daß besonders großflächige Bauteile oder solche Bauteile gefertigt werden können, bei denen die Materialverteilung bzw. die Stärke des in den Bereichen • der verschiedenen Platinen vorhandenen Materials gezielt an die im praktischen Einsatz örtlich jeweils auftretenden Belastungen des Bauteils angepaßt sind. Dabei können die Platinen stoff-, kraft- und/oder formschlüssig miteinander verbunden werden. Alternativ können auch lose aufeinander liegende Platinen nach dem Vorformen gemeinsam in die Endform gebracht werden.The blanks preformed according to the invention can be together with one another before the final shaping to give the final shape of the component connect so that particularly large-area components or components can be manufactured in which the material distribution or the thickness of the material present in the areas • of the various boards are specifically adapted to the local stresses of the component that occur in practical use. The boards can be connected to one another in a material, non-positive and / or positive manner. Alternatively, loosely lying blanks can be brought together into the final shape after preforming.
Hohlformen lassen sich mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren dann besonders einfach ausbilden, wenn zwischen den aufeinander liegenden und ggf. miteinander verbundenen, vorgeformten Platinen bereits ein Hohlraum vorhanden ist. Die so gebildeten Formen sind insbesondere geeignet, durch ein Innenhochdruckumformen in die Endform, des Bauteils geformt zu werden, bei dem der Hohlraum während der Fertigverformung der Platinen zur Endform mit hohem Druck beaufschlagt wird.Hollow molds can be formed particularly easily with the method according to the invention if a cavity already exists between the preformed blanks lying on top of one another and possibly connected to one another. The molds formed in this way are particularly suitable for being formed by internal high pressure forming into the final shape of the component, in which the cavity is subjected to high pressure during the final deformation of the blanks to the final shape.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispiele zeigenden Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch:The invention is explained below with reference to drawings showing exemplary embodiments. They show schematically:
Fig. 1 eine aus Feinblech bestehende Platine in perspektivischer Ansicht;Figure 1 is a sheet made of sheet metal in a perspective view.
Fig. 2 ein aus der Platine geformtes Bauteil in einem Querschnitt;2 shows a component formed from the circuit board in a cross section;
Fig. 3 die im Zuge des in Fig. 2 gezeigten Bauteils vorgeformte Platine im Querschnitt; Fig. 4 eine andere aus Feinblech bestehende Platine in perspektivischer Ansicht;3 shows the cross-section of the blank preformed in the course of the component shown in FIG. 2; Figure 4 is another sheet made of thin sheet in a perspective view.
Fig. 5 eine durch zwei vorgeformte Platinen der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Art gebildete Hohlform im Querschnitt;5 shows a cross-section of a hollow shape formed by two preformed blanks of the type shown in FIG. 4;
Fig. 6 eine andere durch zwei vorgeformte Platinen der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Art gebildete Hohlform im Querschnitt;6 shows another cross-section of a hollow mold formed by two preformed blanks of the type shown in FIG. 4;
Fig. 7 eine erste Einrichtung zum Vorformen von Platinen der in Fig. 1 oder 4 gezeigten Art im Querschnitt;7 shows a first device for preforming blanks of the type shown in FIG. 1 or 4 in cross section;
Fig. 8 eine zweite Einrichtung zum Vorformen von Platinen der in Fig. 1 oder 4 gezeigten Art im Querschnitt;8 shows a second device for preforming blanks of the type shown in FIG. 1 or 4 in cross section;
Fig. 9 eine erste Einrichtung zum Fertigformen von inFig. 9 shows a first device for the final molding of in
Vorrichtungen der in Fig. 7 oder 8 dargestellten Art vorgeformten Platinen im Querschnitt;Devices of the type preformed plates shown in Figure 7 or 8 in cross section.
Fig. 10 eine zweite Einrichtung zum Fertigformen von in Vorrichtungen der in Fig. 7 oder 8 dargestellten Art vorgeformten Platinen im Querschnitt.Fig. 10 shows a second device for the final molding of blanks preformed in devices of the type shown in Fig. 7 or 8 in cross section.
Im Zuge der Vorbereitung der in Fig. 1 und 4 gezeigten Platinen Pl,P2 wird die jeweilige Platine P1,P2 in einzelne Ber'eiche B1,V1 bzw. B2,V2 unterteilt. Dabei wird unterschieden zwischen dem Bereich Bl bzw. B2, aus dem jeweils das fertigverformte Bauteil erzeugt wird, und dem Bereich VI, V2, in dem die Vorverformung der jeweiligen Platine P1,P2 vorgenommen wird.In the course of the preparation of the boards P1, P2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the respective board P1, P2 is divided into individual areas B1, V1 and B2, V2, respectively. A distinction is made between the area B1 and B2, respectively, from which the fully deformed component is produced, and the area VI, V2, in which the respective blank P1, P2 is pre-deformed.
Die Lage der zur Vorverformung vorgesehenen Bereiche VI bzw. V2 der Platinen Pl bzw. P2 ist abhängig von der zu erzeugenden Geometrie des fertigen Bauteils. Für die Auslegung dieses Bereichs VI, V2 spielt daher das in Fig. 2 beispielhaft dargestellte Abwicklungsverhältnis über den Querschnitt des fertigen Bauteils eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Geometrie der in den Figuren 3 sowie 5 und β beispielhaft dargestellten partiell vorgeformten Platinen Pl, P2 und P3 ist so auszulegen, daß in der dem Vorformen sich anschließenden Fertigformung, kein Versagen durch Materialüberbeanspruchung oder unzulässige Faltenbildung auftritt.The position of the areas VI and V2 of the plates P1 and P2 provided for the pre-deformation depends on the generating geometry of the finished component. The development ratio shown by way of example in FIG. 2 over the cross section of the finished component therefore plays a decisive role in the design of this area VI, V2. The geometry of the partially preformed blanks P1, P2 and P3 shown by way of example in FIGS. 3 and 5 and β is to be designed in such a way that in the final shaping which follows the preforming, there is no failure due to material overload or inadmissible fold formation.
Der für die Vorverformung vorgesehene Bereich VI bzw. V2 kann erforderlichenfalls innerhalb des Umrisses des Bereichs Bl liegen (Fig. 3) , aus dem das zu erzeugende Bauteil fertiggeformt wird. Dessen Kontur ist in Fig. 3 durch gestrichelte Linien angedeutet und entspricht der in Fig. 2 gezeigten.The area VI or V2 provided for the pre-deformation can, if necessary, lie within the outline of the area B1 (FIG. 3) from which the component to be produced is finished. Its contour is indicated in FIG. 3 by dashed lines and corresponds to that shown in FIG. 2.
Bei einer anders gearteten Geometrie oder anderen Anforderungen an die Eigenschaften des fertigen Bauteils kann es jedoch ebenso erforderlich sein, die Vorformung der Platine P2 in einem Bereich V2 vorzunehmen, der in Teilbabschnitten des jeweiligen Bereichs B2, aus dem das Bauteil fertiggeformt wird, hinausgeht (Fig. 4). Eine vollständige Überdeckung des Bereichs B2 durch den für das Vorformen bestimmten Bereich V2 ist jedoch auch in diesem Fall nicht vorgesehen. Statt dessen findet die Vorverformung jeweils nur dort statt, wo eine entsprechende Vorbereitung der Platine Pl bzw. P2 für das nachfolgende Fertigformen zweckmäßig und erforderlich ist. Selbstverständlich ist die Anzahl der für das Vorformen vorgesehenen Bereiche dabei nicht auf eins beschränkt, sondern es können erforderlichenfalls mehrere derartige Vorform-Bereiche auf einer Platine bestimmt werden.In the case of a different type of geometry or other requirements for the properties of the finished component, it may also be necessary to preform the circuit board P2 in an area V2 which extends in partial sections of the respective area B2 from which the component is finished (Fig 4). However, a complete coverage of area B2 by area V2 intended for preforming is not provided in this case either. Instead, the pre-deformation only takes place where appropriate preparation of the plate P1 or P2 for the subsequent final molding is expedient and necessary. Of course, the number of areas provided for preforming is not limited to one, but several such preform areas can be determined on a blank if necessary become.
Zum Vorverformen der Platine Pl oder einer entsprechend der Platine P2 in einen vorzuverformenden Bereich und einen Bereich, aus dem die Endform des herzustellenden Bauteils erzeugt wird, unterteilten Platine P4 werden Umformeinrichtungen U1,U2 eingesetzt. Diese weisen jeweils einen mit einem flüssigen Wirkmedium, beispielsweise Was.ser, gefüllten Behälter 1 auf. Zusätzlich sind die Umformeinrichtungen U1,U2 mit jeweils einer Halteinrichtung 2 ausgestattet, welche die jeweils vorzuformende Platine Pl, P4 in ihren Randbereichen auf dem eine Öffnung des Behälters 1 umgebenden Rand halten. Auf diese Weise ist die Platine Pl bzw. P4 über der Öffnung .gespannt, so daß ihre dem Behälterinneren zugeordnete Seite mit dem Wirkmedium beaufschlagt werden kann. Der Verlauf des Randes der Öffnung des Behälters 1 entspricht dabei jeweils dem Verlauf des Randes des für das Vorformen vorgesehenen Bereichs VI bzw. V2 der jeweils verarbeiteten Platine Pl,P4.Forming devices U1, U2 are used for preforming the plate P1 or a plate P4 divided into a region to be preformed and a region corresponding to the plate P2 from which the final shape of the component to be produced is produced. These each have a container 1 filled with a liquid active medium, for example Was.ser. In addition, the shaping devices U1, U2 are each equipped with a holding device 2, which hold the respective plate P1, P4 to be preformed in its edge regions on the edge surrounding an opening of the container 1. In this way, the plate P1 or P4 is stretched over the opening so that the active medium can be applied to its side assigned to the inside of the container. The course of the edge of the opening of the container 1 corresponds in each case to the course of the edge of the region VI or V2 provided for the preforming of the board P 1, P 4 processed in each case.
Im Unterschied zu der Umformeinrichtung Ul, in der, wie in Fig. 7 am Beispiel der Platine Pl dargestellt, das Vorformen der Platine Pl ohne Gegenform erfolgt, ist die Umformeinrichtung U2 mit einer Gegenform 3 ausgestattet, die mit Abstand zur in diesem Beispiel über die Öffnung des Behälters 1 gespannten Platine P4 angeordnet ist.In contrast to the forming device U1, in which, as shown in FIG. 7 using the example of the board Pl, the preforming of the board Pl takes place without a counterform, the forming device U2 is equipped with a counterform 3, which is at a distance from the in this example via the Opening of the container 1 tensioned circuit board P4 is arranged.
Durch Erhöhung des von dem Wirkmedium ausgeübten Druckes P wird die jeweilige Platine Pl bzw. P4 im Bereich der Behälteröffnung in einer nach außen gerichteten Bewegung aufgewölbt. Dabei wird in der Umformvorrichtung Ul bis zum Ende der Vorverformung ein vollständig freies Fließen des Stahlwerkstoffes der Platine Pl zugelassen. Demgegenüber legt sich bei der Umformeinrichtung U2 der vorverformte Bereich V2 der Platine P4 nach einer gewissen Zeit der freien Verformung an die Gegenform 3 an, so daß einem Teilabschnitt des vorverformten Bereichs V2 die Form der Gegenform 3 aufgeprägt wird. Die Geometrie und die Abmessungen des frei verformten Abschnitts V2a der Platine P4 sind dabei abhängig von der Lage der Gegenform 3 in Bezug auf die Öffnung des Behälters 1.By increasing the pressure P exerted by the active medium, the respective plate P1 or P4 is arched out in the region of the container opening in an outward movement. A completely free flow of the steel material of the plate P1 is permitted in the forming device U1 until the end of the pre-forming. In contrast, in the forming device U2, the pre-deformed area V2 of the plate P4 comes into contact with the counterform 3 after a certain time of free deformation, so that the shape of the counterform 3 is impressed on a partial section of the pre-deformed area V2. The geometry and the dimensions of the freely deformed section V2a of the board P4 are dependent on the position of the counterform 3 in relation to the opening of the container 1.
Nach der Vorverformung in den Umformvorrichtungen Ul oder U2 können die Platinen Pl - P4 jeweils einzeln zu dem jeweiligen Bauteil fertiggeformt werden (Fig. 2). Dazu kann eine in konventioneller Weise mit einem Stempel 10 und einer Matrize 11 ausgestattete Vorrichtung Fl eingesetzt werden, wie sie beispielhaft in Fig. 9 dargestellt ist.After pre-forming in the forming devices U1 or U2, the blanks P1-P4 can each be individually finished to form the respective component (FIG. 2). For this purpose, a device F1 equipped in a conventional manner with a stamp 10 and a die 11 can be used, as is shown by way of example in FIG. 9.
Alternativ kann das Fertigformen der Platinen Pl - P4 auch in einer Vorrichtung F2 durchgeführt werden, welche einen Behälter 20 für ein Wirkmedium 21, insbesondere Wasser, und eine Halteeinrichtung 22 aufweist. Durch die Halteeinrichtung 22 wird beispielsweise die vorgeformte Platine Pl in der Öffnung des Behälters 20 gehalten.Alternatively, the final shaping of the blanks P1-P4 can also be carried out in a device F2 which has a container 20 for an active medium 21, in particular water, and a holding device 22. By means of the holding device 22, for example, the preformed board P1 is held in the opening of the container 20.
Das Fertigformen der Platine Pl erfolgt dann mittels eines Stempels 23, der in die Öffnung des Behälters 20 einführbar ist und in dessen Stirnfläche die Form des zu erzeugenden Bauteils eingeformt ist. Bei einem Arbeitshub des Stempels 23 wird die vorgeformte Platine Pl in den Behälter 20 gezogen. Dabei übt das in dem Behälter 20 enthaltene Wirkmedium einen der Kraft des Stempels 23 entgegengerichteten Stützdruck S aus, so daß die vorgeformte Platine Pl sich mit zunehmendem Hub des Stempels 23 an diesen legt und so die durch den Stempel 23 vorgegebene Form erhält.The blank PL is then finished by means of a stamp 23 which can be inserted into the opening of the container 20 and in the end face of which the shape of the component to be produced is molded. During a working stroke of the stamp 23, the preformed plate P1 is drawn into the container 20. In this case, the active medium contained in the container 20 exerts a support pressure S directed counter to the force of the plunger 23, so that the preformed plate Pl increases with increasing stroke of the Stamp 23 places on this and thus receives the shape specified by the stamp 23.
Auch ist es möglich, zwei beispielsweise in der Vorrichtung VI vorgeformte Platinen P2, P3 aufeinanderzulegen, so daß sie Hohlkörper Hl (Fig. 5) bzw. H2 (Fig. 6) bilden, welche jeweils -an seiner Ober- und Unterseite einen vorgeformten Bereich V2,V3 besitzen. Dabei können die den jeweiligen Hohlkörper H1,H2 bildenden Platinen P2,P3 miteinander verschweißt werden, so daß sie eine Baueinheit bilden. Die Form der aus den derart gebildeten Hohlkörpern H1,H2 fertiggeformten Bauteilen ist in den Figuren 5 und 6 durch gestrichelte Linien angedeutet.It is also possible to place two boards P2, P3 preformed in device VI, for example, so that they form hollow bodies Hl (FIG. 5) or H2 (FIG. 6), each of which has a preformed area on its top and bottom Own V2, V3. The plates P2, P3 forming the respective hollow body H1, H2 can be welded to one another so that they form a structural unit. The shape of the components which have been completely formed from the hollow bodies H1, H2 formed in this way is indicated in FIGS. 5 and 6 by dashed lines.
Die vorverformten Hohlkörper H1,H2 lassen sich besonders gut durch Beaufschlagung mit Innenhochdruck fertigformen. Dazu werden die Hohlkörper H1,H2 in einer Matrize einer geeigneten, hier nicht dargestellten Vorrichtung positioniert und mit einem fließfähigem Wirkmedium, beispielsweise Wasser, befüllt. Anschließend wird das Wirkmedium mit Druck beaufschlagt, so daß sich das Blechmaterial des jeweiligen Hohlkörpers Hl, H2 weitet, bis es vollständig an den Wandungen der Matrize anliegt. The preformed hollow bodies H1, H2 can be finished particularly well by applying high internal pressure. For this purpose, the hollow bodies H1, H2 are positioned in a die of a suitable device (not shown here) and filled with a flowable active medium, for example water. Then the active medium is pressurized so that the sheet material of the respective hollow body Hl, H2 expands until it lies completely against the walls of the die.
BEZÜGSZEICHENBEZÜGSZEICHEN
1 Behälter,1 container,
2 Halteinrichtung,2 holding device,
3 Gegenform,3 counter form,
10 Stempel,10 stamps,
11 Matrize,11 die,
20 Behälter,20 containers,
21 Wirkmedium,21 active medium,
22 Halteeinrichtung,22 holding device,
23 Stempel,23 stamps,
F1,F2 Vorrichtung zum Fertigformen,F1, F2 device for final molding,
B1,B2 Bereich, aus dem jeweils das fertigverformteB1, B2 area, from each of which the fully deformed
Bauteil erzeugt wird,Component is generated,
H1,H2 Hohlkörper,H1, H2 hollow body,
P Druck,P pressure,
P1,P2,P3,P4 Platinen,P1, P2, P3, P4 boards,
S Stützdruck,S support pressure,
U1,U2 Umformeinrichtungen,U1, U2 forming devices,
V1,V2,V3 Bereich, in dem jeweils die Vorverformung derV1, V2, V3 area in which the pre-deformation of the
Platinen P1,P2 vorgenommen wird,Circuit boards P1, P2 is made
V2a frei verformter Abschnitt der Platine P4, V2a freely deformed section of the board P4,

Claims

P AT E N T AN S P RÜ C H E P AT ENT AN SPOKEN
1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Bauteilen aus einer aus einem tiefziehfähigen Material, insbesondere Stahl, bestehenden Platine (Pl - P4) unter Verwendung eines fließfähigen Wirkmediums, bei dem folgende Schritte durchlaufen werden:1. A process for producing components from a sheet (Pl-P4) consisting of a thermoformable material, in particular steel, using a flowable active medium, in which the following steps are carried out:
- Spannen der Platine (Pl - P4) in einer Umformeinrichtung (U1,U2) , in welcher die Platine (Pl - P4) mit dem Wirkmedium beaufschlagt wird;- Clamping the board (Pl - P4) in a forming device (U1, U2) in which the active medium is applied to the board (Pl - P4);
- Vorformen der Platine (Pl - P4) durch Erhöhen des von dem Wirkmedium ausgeübten Drucks (P) in einem Bereich der Platine (Pl - P4) , welcher auf einen Teilabschnitt (V1,V2) der Platinenfläche beschränkt ist und den Flächenabschnitt (B1,B2) der Platine (Pl - P4), aus dem die Endform des Bauteils erzeugt wird, teilweise überdeckt, sowie- Preforming the circuit board (Pl - P4) by increasing the pressure (P) exerted by the active medium in a region of the circuit board (Pl - P4) which is restricted to a partial section (V1, V2) of the circuit board surface and the surface section (B1, B2) of the board (Pl - P4), from which the final shape of the component is produced, partially covered, and
- Fertigformen der vorgeformten Platine (Pl - P4) mittels eines Formwerkzeugs (Fl,F2).- Final shaping of the preformed board (Pl - P4) using a molding tool (Fl, F2).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die Platine (Pl2. The method of claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß the board (Pl
- P4) ohne Gegenform vorgeformt wird. - P4) is preformed without a counterform.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die Platine (Pl - P4) mit einer Gegenform (3) vorgeformt wird.3. The method of claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that ß ß the board (Pl - P4) is preformed with a counter mold (3).
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß der vorgeformte Bereich (VI, V2) der Platine (Pl - P4) am Ende der Vorverformung abschnittsweise an der Gegenform (3) anliegt.4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the preformed area (VI, V2) of the plate (P1 - P4) abuts the counterform (3) in sections at the end of the pre-deformation.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß der vorgeformte Bereich der Platine (Pl - P4) am Ende der Vorverformung vollständig an der Gegenform (3) anliegt.5. The method of claim 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the preformed area of the board (P1 - P4) at the end of the preforming completely rests on the counterform (3).
6. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die Umformung der vorgeformten Platine (Pl - P4) zur Endform des Bauteils gegen einen von einem Wirkmedium ausgeübten Stützdruck (S) erfolgt.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß the shaping of the preformed board (Pl - P4) to the final shape of the component against a support pressure exerted by an active medium (S).
7. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß nach dem Vorformen mindestens zwei Platinen (Pl - P4) miteinander verbunden werden und d a ß die Platinen7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß after preforming at least two boards (Pl - P4) are connected together and d a ß the boards
(Pl - P4) gemeinsam zu einer Endform fertiggeformt werden.(Pl - P4) together to a final shape.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die Vorformen stoff-, kraft- und / oder formschlüssig miteinander verbunden werden.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that ß the preforms are connected to each other in a material, non-positive and / or form-fitting manner.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß nach dem Vorformen mindestens zwei Platinen (Pl - P4) lose aufeinander gelegt werden und d a ß die Platinen (Pl - P4) gemeinsam zu einer Endform fertiggeformt werden.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that after preforming, at least two blanks (Pl - P4) are placed loosely on top of one another and d a ß the blanks (Pl - P4) are finished together to form a final shape.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß zwischen den Platinen (Pl - P4) ein Hohlraum vorhanden ist.10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that there is a cavity between the boards (Pl - P4).
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß der Hohlraum während der Fertigverformung der Platinen (Pl - P4) zur Endform mit hohem Druck beaufschlagt wird. 11. The method of claim 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the cavity during the final deformation of the blanks (Pl - P4) to the final shape is subjected to high pressure.
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