EP1135565B1 - Systemes structurels triangules en bois, tels que charpentes, ponts, planchers - Google Patents
Systemes structurels triangules en bois, tels que charpentes, ponts, planchers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1135565B1 EP1135565B1 EP99950859A EP99950859A EP1135565B1 EP 1135565 B1 EP1135565 B1 EP 1135565B1 EP 99950859 A EP99950859 A EP 99950859A EP 99950859 A EP99950859 A EP 99950859A EP 1135565 B1 EP1135565 B1 EP 1135565B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- planks
- reinforcement
- wooden
- beams
- panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000063 preceeding effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004258 portal system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/16—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with apertured web, e.g. trusses
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/17—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses
Definitions
- Wood is a material widely used in construction, and with which it is possible to make a whole series of load-bearing systems with properties clean mechanics, and allowing to support all levels and all types of loads.
- the different wooden load-bearing systems are posts and beams, triangulated systems, articulated systems, portal frames, beam grids, shells and elements functioning as plates.
- the triangulated system is the most universal, because it allows to take up very heavy loads, while being very simple to build. As an indication, the triangulated system is causing farm systems used in Europe and which have been developed since the 12th century and are still used today.
- the triangulated wooden systems are to be classified into two main families illustrated schematically by Figures 1 to 6 attached.
- the first system called “parallel frame system”, illustrated by Figures 1 to 3, is used for example for bridges or floor systems horizontal.
- the assembly thus produced rests on at least two supports (5). To reduce internal efforts, we can sometimes add support inside the system, but this is not always possible.
- the “triangle-shaped” systems as illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6, are generally used to make roof structures and allow give the slope to the latter.
- Such assemblies rest on supports (5) arranged at each end the tie rod (7).
- the invention relates to this technical sector and relates more particularly to the realization of a new type of load-bearing system both with parallel members in the shape of a triangle, which, while having mechanical characteristics high, reduce production costs and is easily adaptable depending on the characteristics desired for each particular application (load to be supported, system dimensions ).
- the first node in the case of frames, links, tie rods (7), crossbowmen (6) and diagonals (8), is made with wooden parts solid or glued laminated wood, depending on the section needs and the knot is made by means of metal fittings for systems with high inertia, or even sometimes simply glued for lower inertia floor systems.
- a system with triangulated wooden structures, with frames parallel or triangle-shaped, for the production of frames, bridges and floors consists of beams forming between them junction zones and being constructed at from at least three boards, a central board forming a core and at least two side planks, all planks having the same thickness and being nailed to each other.
- the system is characterized in that the board center is offset from the ends of the two side boards, so that form mortises at this level, which include, at the level of the junction zones between the beams, a reinforcement panel positioned in the core, the shear surfaces of the reinforcement panel corresponding to the lateral surfaces of the two boards lateral at each junction zone, said reinforcing panel being in microlame or plywood.
- the solution according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the bending moments in the joint since the reinforcement itself absorbs the bending since the “plate” type reinforcement has a very high rigidity since he works in both directions of his plan.
- Such reinforcement allows resume the shear forces of the internal beams, such as for example the shear between a compressed diagonal and a tensioned beam, at the level of the node, by mechanically relieving the external beam accordingly.
- This reinforcement can be more or less isotropic depending on the forces to be resume.
- the beams involved in the realization of a system according to the invention will consist of at least three layers, the reinforcements being therefore positioned at the level of the central layer, which allows a double shearing of the through nails relative to the reinforcement which would be exposed to outside the system, as is often the case.
- the two end posts will also consist of three layers nailed together, the central layer not being constituted by a board, but by a wooden structural element of the microlame type extending beyond the ends of the two lateral boards as well as towards the inside of the structure in order to form tenons capable of receiving the mortises of the other beams of the system.
- the reinforcement can either be positioned only in the central position, or can be doubled and then being positioned in the layers (two) and (four).
- the structural system according to the invention is characterized in that the number of boards used in the constitution of each layer is odd and is greater than three, five for example, a reinforcement being positioned at each node in the even layers.
- the ribs or reinforcing plates are arranged at least at the support zones where the forces are maximum. Possibly, the internal forces being lower in the uprights and diagonals, the assemblies of the triangulated system can possibly be carried out conventionally by a simple assembly of the “tenon / mortise” type, the tenon being formed by the offset towards the outside of the board. central, and the mortise by the spacing between two elementary boards constituting the central board. It is however advantageous to also reinforce these zones by fitting a reinforcing plate at this level making it possible to directly absorb the shear between the compressed diagonal and the tensioned post or vice versa.
- the reinforcement or rib is fixed over its entire perimeter to other beams (tie rods, rafters, uprights or diagonals) by simple nailing, which is the most economical solution and which presents as advantage of being semi-rigid allowing the entire plate to be stressed, after deformation of the edge connectors.
- the elementary planks entering the constitution of each beam are massive planks whose section is generally between 10 and 30 cm in width for 3 to 8 cm in thickness.
- the length of said boards can be variable and depends on the systems to achieve and will for example be between four to eight meters.
- Such a system is of the type shown in FIG. 1.
- each beam consists of three elementary planks (10,11,12).
- the board intermediate (10) is offset from the ends of the side boards (11,12), and this, in this case, from a distance of about 50 cm thus allowing to provide at each end a recess forming a mortise (13).
- the diagonals (4) are made in a similar way from three boards and also have a mortise at their end.
- the internal uprights (M) are made in a similar way.
- the post (3) consists of two external planks (14) between which is inserted, over its entire length, a third board (15), intended to constitute the reinforcement of the panel type positioned in the core and which is formed by a microlame type structural panel having a thickness of 4 cm, the external boards (14) also having a thickness of 4 cm.
- This panel (15) projects at each end relative to the boards lateral (14,15) and forms a tenon having a height of 20 cm corresponding therefore the width of the boards (10,11,12) constituting the dies, and a length of 50 cm corresponding to the length of the mortise (13) provided at the ends of the beams constituting the dies.
- the reinforcing plate (15) extends over the entire system surface at each end at the supports (5), it could possibly consider making reinforcing plates only at each of the ends, the central part of the post (3) then being constituted by an additional board, set back from the ends of the boards side.
- connection is also made by inserting, at the junction zones, additional plates.
- Each of the elements therefore comprises at the junction zone a mortise intended to receive the reinforcing element.
- the assembly could be carried out without reinforcing element and the ends of the uprights (M) and diagonals (4) will have the shape of a tenon formed by the offset towards the outside of the central board while the dies or members (1,2) will have, along their length, mortises obtained in producing the internal board (10) by means of elementary boards spaced apart each other of a length corresponding to the tenon of the ends.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 Such an embodiment according to the invention is illustrated by the FIGS. 9 and 10 and corresponds to the general structure which is the subject of FIG. 4, it being understood that structures of the type illustrated by figures 5 and 6.
- This structure is also produced from boards having a cross section 20 cm x 4 cm.
- all of the beams entering the constitution of such a system consists of three elementary boards (21,22,23) nailed together.
- the central plate (21) is, at the ends, set back from the ends of the side boards, so forming at this level a mortise (24) capable of receiving a reinforcing element.
- the reinforcement insert (20) is triangular in shape, the base of which has a length of 700 mm and a height of 400 mm.
- mortises are provided at each end of the diagonals (8) and uprights (9), and this by offset of the inner layer relative to the ends of the side boards, the mortise in the tie rod (7) being, in turn, obtained by making the central board from elementary boards spaced from each other other.
- connection between the different constituents is obtained by nailing and reinforcements (20) of the nodes whose junction is made from a panel consisting of a wooden structural element of the type microblades having a thickness of 4 cm.
- the reinforcement panels positioned in the core of each beam make it possible to increase the surface of the nailing zones reinforcing the structure.
- Such an interfaced panel also regulates the bending moments in the articulation on the dies in the case of a system with parallel members or triangulated since the reinforcement itself absorbs bending; it thus absorbs the shear between the internal beams arriving in the node by relieving mechanically the external beam.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
Description
- d'une filière ou membrure supérieure (1),
- d'une filière ou membrure inférieure (2),
- de poteaux (3) et éventuellement de montants (M),
- de diagonales (4).
Le document DE- 39.10.027 propose une solution avec des filières en deux couches et un système de triangulation avec des diagonales en planches ou composées positionnées dans l'âme. Une telle solution ne permet cependant pas de renforcer les noeuds les plus sollicités.
Par ailleurs, il a été proposé depuis fort longtemps, comme cela ressort du document US- 2.886.857 et ce, afin de diminuer les coûts de fabrication des systèmes triangulés, de réaliser les poutres entrant dans la réalisation de tels systèmes non pas à partir de bois massif de grande section ou de bois collé relativement coûteux, mais par des structures constituées de planches clouées les unes aux autres pour recomposer des sections plus importantes à partir de bois de petite section, donc économique.
Une telle structure à partir de planches clouées permet d'abaisser les prix de revient et de recomposer une section importante sans avoir les problèmes du bois massif tels que les déformations et les fissures. Par ailleurs, avec des planches de faible épaisseur, par exemple de l'ordre de 30 mm à 50 mm, il est possible de réaliser un séchage artificiel dans des conditions classiques. De plus, les bois étant cloués secs, il n'y a plus de déformation de la section composée.
La solution décrite dans le brevet précité présente cependant un certain nombre d'inconvénients en ce qui concerne le renforcement des noeuds et n'est pas adaptable indifféremment aux deux grandes familles de systèmes triangulés en bois dits « systèmes à membrures parallèle » et « systèmes en forme de triangle ». Tout d'abord, cette solution dispose dans la couche centrale des planches qui sont clouées entre les deux planches des autres membrures. Ce clouage a tendance à faire fissurer la planche centrale parce que la distance au bord chargé, parallèle aux fibres est trop faible. Cette âme centrale en planches est donc de faible performance au niveau de son assemblage.
Pour terminer enfin, cette âme centrale est obligée de remplir tout l'espace entre les membrures externes, puisqu'elle n'a de la rigidité que seulement sur un axe, son axe longitudinal. Cette âme constitue donc une zone globale entre les membrures externes, et ne permet pas un renforcement local, ajusté pour un seul noeud de liaison. Elle ne permet pas l'optimisation du noeud, ni en performance (fragilité au clouage), ni en économie de matière (zone pleine, par rapport à zone locale).
On connaít d'après les documents CH- 467.402 et FR- 2.303.128 une ferme de charpente du type en forme de triangle, comportant des poutres massives (arbalétriers, tirants et diagonales) et un élément de renfort sous la forme d'une plaque en contreplaqué ou en aluminium disposée au niveau des zones de jonction.
On connaít d'après le document FR- 1.541.776 un système à structures triangulées en bois, à membrures en forme de triangle, pour la réalisation de charpentes, constitué de poutres construites à partir de trois lames élémentaires, une lame centrale et deux lames latérales. collées les unes aux autres, les lames élémentaires constituant chaque poutre pouvant être de même épaisseur.
Outre des poutres comportant trois couches élémentaires, il peut également être envisagé de réaliser des poutres à cinq couches ou plus, le renfort pouvant être soit positionné uniquement en position centrale, soit pouvant être doublé et se trouvant alors positionné dans les couches (deux) et (quatre).
En d'autres termes, dans un tel cas, le système structurel conforme à l'invention se caractérise en ce que le nombre de planches entrant dans la constitution de chaque couche est impair et est supérieur à trois, cinq par exemple, un renfort étant positionné au niveau de chaque noeud dans les couches paires.
Il est cependant avantageux de renforcer également ces zones par mise en place d'une plaque de renfort à ce niveau permettant d'absorber directement le cisaillement entre la diagonale comprimée et le poteau tendu ou l'inverse..
- les figures 1 à 3 et 4 à 6 illustrent, comme dit précédemment, la structure générale d'une part des systèmes à membrures parallèles et d'autre part en forme de triangle réalisables conformément à l'invention ;
- la figure 7 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un système à membrures parallèles réalisé conformément à l'invention ;
- la figure 8 est une vue détaillée en perspective éclatée de la zone cerclée de la figure 7 montrant la réalisation des noeuds d'assemblage au niveau de l'appui ;
- la figure 9 est une vue schématique en perspective montrant une charpente réalisée conformément à l'invention avec clouage des différents éléments entre eux ;
- la figure 10 est une vue éclatée, en perspective, de la réalisation des noeuds au niveau de la zone d'appui extrême et du montant central avec le tirant et la diagonale de la charpente.
- possibilité de réalisation sur le site même,
- possibilité de recomposer une section importante, et ce de manière très économique,
- possibilité de mettre de la matière (panneau), seulement pour permettre le clouage nécessaire et la reprise du moment de flexion localisé ainsi que le cisaillement des poutres internes arrivant dans le noeud, par exemple le cisaillement généré d'une diagonale comprimée et un poteau tendu ou inversement.
Claims (4)
- Système à structures triangulées en bois, à membrures parallèles ou en forme de triangle, pour la réalisation de charpentes, ponts et planchers, constitué de poutres (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9) formant entre-elles des zones de jonction et étant construites à partir d'au moins trois planches (10, 11, 12, 21, 22, 23), une planche centrale formant une âme (10, 21) et au moins deux planches latérales (11, 12, 22, 23), toutes les planches (10, 11, 12, 21, 22, 23) ayant la même épaisseur et étant clouées les unes aux autres, caractérisé en ce que :la planche centrale (10, 21) est décalée par rapport aux extrémités des deux planches latérales (11, 12, 22, 23), de manière à former à ce niveau des mortaises (13, 24), qui incluent, au niveau des zones de jonction entre les poutres (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9), un panneau de renforcement (15, 20) positionné dans l'âme, les surfaces de cisaillement du panneau de renforcement (15, 20) correspondant aux surfaces latérales des deux planches latérales (11, 12, 22, 23) au niveau de chaque zone de jonction, ledit panneau de renforcement étant en bois microlame ou contreplaqué.
- Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la planche centrale (10, 21) est constituée de planches élémentaires mises bout à bout ou espacées les unes des autres de manière à former une mortaise apte à recevoir un renforcement de type panneau.
- Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de planches entrant dans la constitution de chaque poutre est impair et est supérieur à trois, un renfort étant positionné au niveau de chaque noeud dans les couches paires.
- Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de renfort constituée par un panneau structurel bois constitue la planche centrale (15) des poutres constituant les poteaux (3) d'un système à structures triangulées à membrures parallèles.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9815456 | 1998-12-03 | ||
| FR9815456A FR2786796B1 (fr) | 1998-12-03 | 1998-12-03 | Systemes structurels triangules en bois, tels que charpentes , ponts, planchers |
| PCT/FR1999/002627 WO2000032891A1 (fr) | 1998-12-03 | 1999-10-28 | Systemes structurels triangules en bois, tels que charpentes, ponts, planchers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1135565A1 EP1135565A1 (fr) | 2001-09-26 |
| EP1135565B1 true EP1135565B1 (fr) | 2003-09-03 |
Family
ID=9533699
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99950859A Expired - Lifetime EP1135565B1 (fr) | 1998-12-03 | 1999-10-28 | Systemes structurels triangules en bois, tels que charpentes, ponts, planchers |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20020124521A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1135565B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2002531731A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE248965T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU3791000A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR9915894A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69911055T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2786796B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000032891A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2831906B1 (fr) * | 2001-11-06 | 2004-09-24 | Jean Luc Sandoz | Structure renforcee en bois, charpente, batiment ainsi equipe et procede de fabrication |
| JP4504781B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-22 | 2010-07-14 | 株式会社モリタホールディングス | 消防用梯子 |
| US20070227095A1 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2007-10-04 | Peter Warren Hubbe | Separated Member Wood Framing |
| FR2932828B1 (fr) * | 2008-06-21 | 2010-06-25 | Tecsan Sarl | Sous-ensemble de charpente de support d'une couverture de toit et charpente en comportant application. |
| JP5464350B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2014-04-09 | 国立大学法人秋田大学 | プレストレス木床版を用いた木橋 |
| JP5856646B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-30 | 2016-02-10 | クリ英ター永和株式会社 | 木製トラス梁ユニット、及びその設置工法 |
| JP7426253B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-18 | 2024-02-01 | 三井住友建設株式会社 | トラス梁 |
| ES2957745B2 (es) * | 2021-12-23 | 2025-04-10 | Univ Del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea | Conjuntos de madera para uniones de estructura y estructura que contiene al menos uno o mas conjuntos |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2886857A (en) | 1953-12-14 | 1959-05-19 | Hyresgaesternas Sparkasse Och | Wooden beam constructions |
| FR1541776A (fr) * | 1967-08-30 | 1968-10-11 | Ferme de charpente | |
| CH467402A (de) * | 1967-12-15 | 1969-01-15 | Ringbau Ag | Gurt-Streben- Verbindung für Holz-Gitterträger |
| FR2303128A1 (fr) * | 1975-03-07 | 1976-10-01 | Habitat Communaute Travail | Perfectionnements aux procedes pour l'assemblage des elements de charpente |
| FR2367883A1 (fr) * | 1976-10-12 | 1978-05-12 | Uhalde Bernier Sa | Perfectionnements aux procedes de fabrication de charpentes en materiaux ligneux, procede tcp |
| DE3006404A1 (de) * | 1980-02-21 | 1981-08-27 | Streif Ohg, 5461 Vettelschoss | Geleimter holzfachwerk-schalungstraeger |
| FI69498C (fi) | 1983-10-07 | 1986-02-10 | Metsaeliiton Teollisuus Oy | Fog foer sammanfogning av traebalkar och fogens anvaendning vi takstolskonstruktionen |
| DE3910027A1 (de) | 1989-03-28 | 1990-10-04 | Wilhelm Patt | Vorgefertigtes, freitragendes dachelement fuer den hochbau |
-
1998
- 1998-12-03 FR FR9815456A patent/FR2786796B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-10-28 WO PCT/FR1999/002627 patent/WO2000032891A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-10-28 AT AT99950859T patent/ATE248965T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-28 DE DE69911055T patent/DE69911055T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-28 AU AU37910/00A patent/AU3791000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-28 EP EP99950859A patent/EP1135565B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-28 BR BR9915894-9A patent/BR9915894A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1999-10-28 JP JP2000585512A patent/JP2002531731A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-05-25 US US09/866,432 patent/US20020124521A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1135565A1 (fr) | 2001-09-26 |
| FR2786796A1 (fr) | 2000-06-09 |
| WO2000032891A1 (fr) | 2000-06-08 |
| FR2786796B1 (fr) | 2001-01-26 |
| JP2002531731A (ja) | 2002-09-24 |
| ATE248965T1 (de) | 2003-09-15 |
| BR9915894A (pt) | 2001-08-21 |
| DE69911055D1 (de) | 2003-10-09 |
| US20020124521A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| AU3791000A (en) | 2000-06-19 |
| DE69911055T2 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
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